Genetically diverse spring wheat for more stable yields in organic farming

Summary

Genetically diverse spring wheat and farmers’ mass selection can improve yield stability in organic systems. Trials in south-eastern Norway showed that wheat populations were more stable than pure lines, and that some older cultivars outperformed modern high-input varieties. That kernel-weight selection was the most effective method for improving stability and protein levels. This practice abstract gives practical guidance for farmers, advisors and breeders on how to compare populations and pure lines, set up small on-farm trials, and assess yield, weed competitiveness and grain quality. Although based on Norwegian results, the recommendations are applicable to temperate organic wheat regions across Europe and support farmers in selecting resilient varieties and adapting seeds to low-input conditions.