Species-specific root microbiota dynamics in response to plant-available phosphorus

Summary

Phosphorus (P) is a limiting element for plant growth. Several root microbes, including arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), have the capacity to improve plant nutrition and their abundance is known to depend on P fertility. However, how complex root-associated bacterial and fungal communities respond to changes in P availability remains ill-defined. We manipulated the availability of soil P in pots and compared the root microbiota of non-mycorrhizal Arabidopsis with mycorrhizal Petunia plants. Root bacteria and fungi were profiled using ribosomal operon gene fragment sequencing, we searched for P sensitive microbes and tested whether a P sensitive core microbiome could be identified. Root microbiota composition varied substantially by P availability. A P sensitive core microbiome was not identified as different bacterial and fungal groups responded to low-P conditions in Arabidopsis and Petunia. P sensitive microbes included Mortierellomycotina in Arabidopsis, while these were AMF and their symbiotic endobacteria in Petunia. Of note, their P-dependent root colonization was reliably quantified by sequencing. The species-specific root microbiota dynamics suggest that Arabidopsis and Petunia evolved different microbial associations under the selection pressure of low P availability. This implies that the development of microbial products that improve P availability requires the consideration of host-species specificity.