TY - GEN UR - https://orgprints.org/id/eprint/6014/ N2 - Die Krautfäule (Erreger: Phytophthora infestans) stellt die Produzenten von biologischen Kartoffeln vor grosse Herausforderungen Das bisher einzige wirksame Mittel zur Bekämpfung ist Kupfer. Damit Kupfer nicht weiter eingesetzt werden muss, sollen möglichst rasch Alternativen gefunden werden. Daran arbeitet das FiBL im EU-Projekt ?Blight-MOP? (Development of a systems approach for the management of late blight in EU organic potato production, Nr QLK5-CT-2000-01065; BBW Nr 99.0878-1). Im Rahmen dieses Projekts werden die verschiedenen Anbautechniken in Europa inventarisiert und die sozio ökonomische Hintergründe des Kartoffelanbaus analysiert. Ausserdem werden anbautechnische Massnahmen und deren mögliche Nebenwirkungen evaluiert (resistente Sorten, Sortenmischungen und Mischkulturen, agronomische Massnahmen, alternative Produkte). Schliesslich sollen regional angepasste Krautfäule-Strategien kombiniert und unter Praxisbedingungen geprüft werden. Die Forschung am FiBL konzentriert sich in erster Linie auf die Bereiche Inventarisierung, Sozioökonomie, Evaluation von Sorten und die Anpassung von Anbautechniken an lokale Bedingungen. Das FiBL koordiniert die Arbeiten der workpackages 1, 2 und 7. Das Projekt dauert von 2001 bis 2005 und ist wie folgt aufgebaut: 1. Abschätzung der Auswirkungen der Krautfäule auf den Bio-Kartoffelbau in verschiedenen Europäischen Ländern, sowie Inventar der angewendeten Massnahmen der Krautfäule-Bekämpfung 2. Resistente Sorten 3. Sortenmischungen und Mischkulturen 4. Agronomische Massnahmen 5. Alternative Produkte 6. Verbesserungen der Anwendung und Formulierung 7. Integration der Einzelmassnahmen zu regional angepassten Krautfäule-Strategien KW - Organic KW - potato KW - late blight KW - Phytophthora infestans KW - systems approach KW - Kartoffelanbau KW - Kartoffelbau KW - Blight-Mop ID - orgprints6014 AV - none TI - Development of a systems approach for the management of late blight in EU organic potato production - FiBL part ER - TY - GEN N2 - In einem groß angelegten EU-Projekt, dem Blight-MOP-Projekt, werden neue Wege entwickelt zur Kontrolle der Kraut- und Knollenfäule im ökologischen Landbau. Ziel des Projektes ist es Methodenkombinationen zu entwickeln, die standortspezifisch eingesetzt werden können. AV - public ID - orgprints1113 PB - Stiftung Ökologie und Landbau (SÖL), Bad Dürkheim UR - https://orgprints.org/id/eprint/1113/ Y1 - 2002/// KW - Kraut- und Knollenfäule KW - Blight-MOP KW - Kartoffel TI - Mit System gegen Phytophtora A1 - Finckh, Maria ER - TY - GEN EP - 39 A1 - Finckh, Maria R. A1 - Bouws, Heidi A1 - Bruns, Christian A1 - Speiser, Bernhard A1 - Tamm, Lucius KW - Pflanzenschutz KW - Pflanzenkrankheiten KW - Phytopathologie KW - Kartoffelanbau KW - Blight-Mop KW - EU-Projekt TI - Neue Erkenntnisse zur Ertragsrelevanz der Kraut- und Knollenfäule SP - 36 PB - Stiftung Ökologie und Landbau UR - https://orgprints.org/id/eprint/12851/ Y1 - 2007/// N2 - Zur Kontrolle der Kraut- und Knollenfäule (Phytophthora infestans) im ökologischen Kartoffelanbau wurde in einem EU-Forschungsprojekt ein Systemansatz entwickelt. Ziel war unter anderem, den Einsatz von Kupferfungiziden zu reduzieren. AV - public ID - orgprints12851 ER - TY - GEN KW - Pflanzenschutz KW - Pflanzenkrankheiten KW - Kartoffelanbau KW - Blight-Mop KW - AFLP fingerprinting KW - epidemic parameters KW - epidemiology KW - potato late blight KW - race structure TI - Genetic structure and pathogenicity of populations of Phytophthora infestans from organic potato crops in France, Norway, Switzerland and the United Kingdom EP - 572 A1 - Flier, W. G. A1 - Kroon, L. P. N. M. A1 - Hermansen, A. A1 - van Raaij, H. M. G. A1 - Speiser, B. A1 - Tamm, L. A1 - Fuchs, J. G. A1 - Lambion, J. A1 - Razzaghian, J. A1 - Andrivon, D. A1 - Wilcockson, S. A1 - Leifert, C. N2 - Genetic variation and pathogenicity of Phytophthora infestans isolates collected from organic potato crops of the susceptible cv. Bintje and the moderately resistant cv. Santé were assessed in France, Norway, and the United Kingdom in 2001 and in Switzerland in 2001 and 2002. Population structures differed considerably between the four P. infestans populations. Those from France, Switzerland and the UK were mainly clonal populations showing restricted levels of genetic diversity, whilst those from Norway were mixed A1 and A2 mating type populations with high levels of genetic diversity, suggesting periodical sexual reproduction. Isolates collected from cv. Bintje were on average more aggressive than or comparable to isolates from cv. Santé. Race complexity varied considerably between the regional P. infestans populations, with isolates from France and Switzerland showing the highest number of virulence factors. In all pathogen samples but the French, isolates collected from cv. Santé were more complex than isolates collected from cv. Bintje. No directional selection towards increased aggressiveness towards the more resistant cultivar Santé was observed. This suggests that there is no shift towards increased levels of pathogenicity in P. infestans populations following the large-scale introduction of more resistant potato varieties in organic production systems in Europe. AV - restricted ID - orgprints11106 SP - 562 UR - https://orgprints.org/id/eprint/11106/ Y1 - 2007/// ER - TY - GEN AV - restricted ID - orgprints10650 N2 - Blight-MOP Late blight (caused by Phytophthora infestans) is the most devastating fungal disease affecting organic (and conventional) potato production in the EU. It kills the foliage and usually results in losses of yield which can be very large when infection is severe and occurs early in the season. The disease may be transmitted to the tubers which become unmarketable and these can lead to complete deterioration of the stored crop if put into storage with healthy tubers. To a great extent, conventional production systems rely upon frequent applications of synthetic fungicides with different modes of action for late blight control, but this is seldom completely successful. However, in organic systems, the availability of chemical fungicides is currently restricted to those which are ?considered to be traditional organic farming practices?: these include copper hydroxide, copper oxychloride (tribasic), copper sulphate and cuprous oxide that have a protectant action and are reasonably effective. Their use is restricted by national legislation and organic certifying authorities and pressure has been mounting to withdraw them not only because of possible adverse effects on wildlife, the environment and human health but also their incompatibility with organic production principles. This led to a proposed ban on the use of copper fungicides for control of late blight in organic farming in the EU from March 2002 which had potentially serious implications for the potato crop. The resultant losses of yield and hence income in the absence of copper-based fungicide sprays were expected to threaten the economic viability of both organic potato enterprises and/or whole organic farming businesses in many areas of the EU in the medium to long term until effective, alternative methods are developed. In the meantime, two major approaches were adopted. One was to set a limit to the amount of copperbased fungicides permitted for application: until 31 December 2005, the maximum application was restricted to 8kg of elemental copper/ha/year for annual crops, declining to 6kg/ha/year from 1 January 2006 (but this could be changed at any time in the light of developments in viable alternatives or should there be proposals for withdrawal under the EC Review programme for existing active substances). Another was to promote further research to identify and develop effective alternative late blight control methods and strategies without the undesirable effects associated with copper-based fungicides. The Blight-MOP project ? ?Development of a systems approach for late Blight (caused by Phytophthora infestans) Management in EU Organic Production systems? was initiated in March 2001 to achieve this aim and maintain yield and quality and hence commercial viability of organic potato crops without the use of copper fungicides. Such an approach involves integrated use of (i) resistant varieties (ii) existing agronomic strategies (iii) alternative treatments that can replace synthetic and copper-based fungicides (iv) use of existing blight forecasting systems to optimise control treatments and to maximise synergistic interactions between (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv). The specific objectives were to: 1. Assess the socio-economic impact of late blight and ?state-of-the-art? blight management practices in EU organic potato production systems 2. Assess varietal performance in organic production systems in different EU regions and interactions with local blight populations 3. Develop within field diversification strategies to prevent/delay blight epidemics 4. Optimise agronomic strategies for the management of late blight 5. Develop alternative control treatments to copper-based fungicides that comply with organic farming standards 6. Evaluate novel application and formulation strategies for copper- free/alternative and copper-based late blight treatments 7. Integrate optimised resistance management, diversification, agronomic and alternative control treatment strategies into existing organic potato management systems. To pursue these objectives, experiments were conducted over 4 seasons from 2001 to 2004 under organic cropping system conditions in seven countries (Denmark, France, Germany, Netherlands, Norway, Switzerland and United Kingdom) spanning a wide range of aerial, soil, production and marketing environments. The rate and severity of the late blight epidemics in 2001, 2002 and 2004 gave a rigorous test of the different components of the integrated management system which gave broadly similar effects in the three years. In 2003, the very hot, dry summer (and August in particular) severely restricted the disease making it difficult to evaluate the efficacy of treatments in some regions, but in others where infection did occur the general trends were similar to those observed in other years. UR - https://orgprints.org/id/eprint/10650/ Y1 - 2005/// TI - Blight-MOP: Development of a systems approach for the management of late blight (caused by Phytophthora infestans) in EU organic potato production KW - Blight-Mop KW - EU KW - potatoes KW - potato production KW - organic farming KW - late blight KW - disease KW - Phytophthora infestans A1 - Leifert, C. A1 - Wilcockson, S.J. ER - TY - GEN A1 - Speiser, B. A1 - Tamm, L. A1 - Amsler, T. A1 - Lambion, J. A1 - Bertrand, C. A1 - Hermansen, A. A1 - Ruissen, M. A. A1 - Haaland, P. A1 - Zarb, J. A1 - Santos, J. A1 - Shotton, P. A1 - Wilcockson, S. A1 - Juntharathep, P. A1 - Ghorbani, R. A1 - Leifert, C. EP - 412 TI - Improvement of late blight management in organic potato production systems in Europe: field tests with more resistant potato varieties and copper based fungicides KW - organic agriculture KW - potato KW - Phytophthora infestans KW - blight-resistant varieties KW - copper fungicides KW - Kartoffelanbau KW - Blight-Mop Y1 - 2006/// UR - https://orgprints.org/id/eprint/8358/ SP - 393 AV - restricted ID - orgprints8358 N2 - Late blight of potatoes, caused by Phytophthora infestans, is particularly difficult to prevent or control in organic agriculture. In this study, the host resistance of selected varieties to foliar and tuber blight and their yield under organic growing conditions were assessed in trials carried out in four countries (Switzerland, France, England and Norway) in 2001 and 2002. The objective was to identify new, more resistant varieties which might replace some of the more susceptible varieties which are currently grown in organic agriculture. In each country, five test varieties were compared with two reference varieties, identical for all sites, and with two locally popular varieties. In addition, the effect of copper fungicides was assessed for all varieties in England. Several new potato varieties (Appell, Derby, Innovator and Naturella in Switzerland; Derby, Eden, Escort and Naturella in France; Sarpo Axona, Eve Balfour, Lady Balfour, Sarpo Mira and Sarpo Tominia in England; N89-1756 and N92-15138 in Norway) proved far less susceptible to foliar and tuber blight than most of the varieties currently grown. However, market requirements could restrict their introduction into practice. The copper fungicide treatment reduced foliar blight severity in all varieties tested in England and in both years, by 27% on average, and increased yield by 20% on average, but did not affect tuber blight. In organic farming, a shift towards the use of blight resistant varieties should thus be strongly encouraged, although this is unlikely to eliminate the need to use copper fungicides. ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Speiser, Bernhard A1 - Dierauer, Hansueli A1 - Berner, Alfred A1 - Tamm, Lucius CY - Frick KW - Beratung KW - Kartoffeln KW - Planzenschutz KW - Pfanzenkrankheiten KW - Kartoffelanbau KW - Blight-Mop TI - Biokartoffeln. Länderausgabe Schweiz UR - https://orgprints.org/id/eprint/2752/ PB - Forschungsinstitut für biologischen Landbau, Frick Y1 - 2004/// N2 - Das Merkblatt vermittelt interessierten Produzenten den gesammelten Erfahrungsschatz für die Produktion hochwertiger Biokartoffeln. Im Vordergrund stehen die Auswirkungen der Kulturmassnahmen auf die Qualität des Erntegutes. Das Merkblatt spannt aber den Bogen von der Planung der Kultur über bewährte Kulturmassnahmen hin zu Qualitätsmängeln und deren Vorbeugung. Darüber hinaus liefert das Merkblatt eine ganze Reihe von Entscheidungshilfen und wertvollen Adressen. T3 - Merkblatt AV - restricted ID - orgprints2752 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Assessment of the Socio-Economic Impact of Late Blight and State of the Art of Management in European Organic Potato Production Systems KW - Blight-Mop KW - organic potato production KW - copper replacement KW - late blight KW - Phytophthora infestans KW - Kartoffelanbau KW - A1 - Tamm, L. A1 - Smit, A.B. A1 - Hospers, M. A1 - Janssens, S.R.M. A1 - Buurma, J.S. A1 - Molgaard, J.-P. A1 - Laerke, P.E. A1 - Hansen, H.H. A1 - Hermans, A. A1 - Boedker, L. A1 - Bertrand, C. A1 - Lambion, J. A1 - Finckh, M.R. A1 - Schüler, Chr. A1 - Lammerts van Bueren, E. A1 - Ruissen, T. A1 - Nielsen, B.J. A1 - Solberg, S. A1 - Speiser, B. A1 - Wolfe, M.S. A1 - Phillips, S. A1 - Wilcoxon, S.J. A1 - Leifert, C. T3 - FiBL Report AV - public ID - orgprints2936 N2 - In Europe, late blight, caused by Phytophthora infestans, is the most devastating disease affecting organic (and conventional) potato production. Under suitable environmental conditions the disease can spread rapidly and it can cause complete crop loss. The extent of damage due to late blight depends on several factors: in organic production systems these factors include climate, choice of variety, soil management and use of crop protection agents such as copper. Therefore, the extent of economic damage varies between European regions. Council Regulation (EEC) No 2092/91, amended by Commission Regulation (EC) No 473/2002 of 15 March 2002 regulates the use of copper in organic agriculture. Copper has been the single most important control agent in organic late blight control. Therefore, the reduction or an eventual phasing out of copper use will have varying impacts in different regions. This report presents the results of a detailed survey that has been conducted in 7 European countries in the year 2001. It is a subproject of the EU-funded project Blight-MOP (QLRT 31065). The survey investigates legislative, socio-economic and production parameters. The aim of this study was: (i) to obtain an inventory of the current organic potato production techniques, (ii) to assess the impact of a potential ban of copper on yields and viability of organic potato production and (iii) to identify alternative plant protection strategies that are used by organic farmers. This report includes: (i) statistics on yields, farm gate prices, and production techniques, (ii) an analysis offarmer observations and experiences on the extent and impact of late blight epidemics, (iii) an analysis of the farmer?s motivations, expectations and their assessment of the potential impact of a copper ban. Using multiple linear regression we identified production factors which appear to consistently contribute to production success. UR - https://orgprints.org/id/eprint/2936/ PB - Research Institute of Organic Agriculture FiBL, Frick, Switzerland Y1 - 2004/// ER - TY - CONF KW - ökologischer Kartoffelanbau KW - Pflanzenschutz KW - Blight-Mop TI - Abschätzung der Auswirkungen der Krautfäule auf den Bio-Kartoffelbau in verschiedenen Europäischen Ländern, sowie Inventar der angewendeten Anbau- und Pflanzenschutzstrategien EP - 152 A1 - Tamm, L. A1 - Smit, B. A1 - Hospers, M. A1 - Jannsens, B. A1 - Burma, J. A1 - Mølgaard, J.P. A1 - Lærke, P.E. A1 - Hansen, H.H. A1 - Bertrand, C. A1 - Lambion, J. A1 - Finckh, M. A1 - Schüler, C. A1 - Lammerts van Bueren, E. A1 - Ruissen, T. A1 - Solberg, S. A1 - Speiser, B. A1 - S., Philip A1 - M., Wolfe A1 - Leifert, C ED - Freyer, Bernhard N2 - Problemstellung/Ziele Die Kraut- und Knollenfäule (Phytophthora infestans) ist die Krankheit, die im biologischen (aber auch konventionellen) Kartoffelanbau in Europa die größten Probleme verursacht. Unter günstigen klimatischen Bedingungen breitet sich die Krankheit sehr rasch aus und kann große Ertragsausfälle verursachen. Innerhalb von Europa variiert der durch P. infestans verursachte wirtschaftliche Schaden stark zwischen den Regionen. Dies hängt von verschiedenen Faktoren ab, aber in biologisch bewirtschafteten Anbausystemen immt man an, dass die klimatischen Bedingungen, die verwendeten Sorten sowie die agronomischen Maßnahmen wie Bodenbearbeitung oder die Verwendung von Pflanzenschutzmitteln eine wichtige Rolle spielen. Die Reduktion oder das Verbot des Kupfereinsatzes im biologischen Kartoffelanbau wird deshalb auch unterschiedliche Auswirkungen in den verschiedenen Europäischen Regionen haben. Als Teilprojekt des EU-finanzierten Projektes Blight-MOP (QLRT 31065) wurde eine detaillierte Studie der ökonomischen und gesetzlichen Rahmenbedingungen und ein Inventar der Anbausysteme in 7 Ländern durchgeführt, um (i) Ein Inventar der derzeitigen Anbautechniken zu erstellen, (ii) die Auswirkungen von P. infestans auf Erträge und Wirtschaftlichkeit zu evaluieren und die Auswirkungen eines Kupferverbotes abzuschätzen und um (iii) Pflanzenschutzstrategien von Bioproduzenten zu identifizieren, die bereits jetzt ohne den Einsatz von Kupfer auskommen. Fazit: Diese Betriebsanalyse weist darauf hin, dass eine Optimierung der Einzelmassnahmen und die regionsspezfische Integration von Massnahmen zu einer substanziellen Verbesserung des Anbauerfolges führen können. Die Betriebsanalyse zeigt auch, dass Kupfer bislang eine wichtige Rolle bei der Ertragsbildung gespielt hat. Ein Kupferverbot ohne Angebot von praxistauglichen Alternativlösungen (wie sie innerhalb von Blight-MOP und anderen Projekten erarbeitet werden) würde demnach zu einer starken Destabilisierung des biologischen Kartoffelanbaues und vermutlich zu einer Angebotsvernappung führen. Andere Teilprojekte des Blight-MOP Projektes zielen auf die Verbesserung von anbautechnischen Massnahmen und die Entwicklung von Ersatzprodukten für Kupfer ab. AV - public ID - orgprints1918 SP - 149 UR - https://orgprints.org/id/eprint/1918/ Y1 - 2003/// PB - Universität für Bodenkultur, Wien - Institut für ökologischen Landbau ER - TY - GEN N2 - In Europe, late blight, caused by Phytophthora infestans, is the most devastating disease affecting organic (and conventional) potato production. Under suitable environmental conditions the disease can spread rapidly and it can cause complete crop loss. The extent of damage due to late blight depends on several factors: in organic production systems these factors include climate, choice of variety, soil management and use of crop protection agents such as copper. Therefore, the extent of economic damage varies between European regions. This report presents the results of a detailed survey that has been conducted in 7 European countries in the year 2001: (i) statistics on yields, farm gate prices, and production techniques, (ii) an analysis offarmer observations and experiences on the extent and impact of late blight epidemics, (iii) an analysis of the farmer's motivations, expectations and their assessment of the potential impact of a copper ban. Using multiple linear regression we identified production factors which appear to consistently contribute to production success. ID - orgprints25358 AV - public UR - https://orgprints.org/id/eprint/25358/ Y1 - 2004/// KW - european KW - farm KW - statistics KW - Blight-MOP KW - Department of Crop Sciences KW - potato production TI - Assessment of the Socio-Economic Impact of Late Blight and State-of-the-Art Management in European Organic Potato Production Systems A1 - Tamm, L. A1 - Smit, A. B. A1 - Hospers, M. A1 - Janssens, S.R.M. A1 - Buurma, J.S. A1 - Molgaard, J.-P. A1 - Laerke, P.E. A1 - Hansen, H. H. A1 - Hermans, A. A1 - Bodker, L. A1 - Bertand, C. A1 - Lambion, J. A1 - Finckh, M.R. A1 - Schüler, Chr. A1 - Lammerts van Bueren, E. A1 - Ruissen, T. A1 - Nielsen, B. J. A1 - Solberg, S. A1 - Speiser, B. A1 - Wolfe, M. S. A1 - Phillips, S. A1 - Wilcoxon, S. J. A1 - Leifert, C. ER -