Wirkung des Gemengeanbaus mit Winterkörnerleguminosen sowie der Standraumzuteilung auf Kornertrag und Backqualität von Winterweizen

Summary

In stockless organic farms it is difficult to produce winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with high baking quality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of intercrop-ping of winter wheat with either winter field bean (Vicia faba L.) or winter pea (Pisum sativum L.) and the spatial arrangement (mixed intercropping, row intercropping or row strip intercropping) on yield formation and grain quality of winter wheat. Field experi-ments were executed in two years (2003/04 and 2004/05) on two different sites (Rein-shof REI, clay loam and Stöckendrebber STÖ, loamy sand).
Grain yield of wheat in mixture was significantly lower than in monocrop. In mixture with field bean, on the average in 2005, only 0.84 t DM ha-1 grain yield of wheat was attained. However, the grain quality of wheat from the mixtures was always signifi-cantly higher than that of the monocrops. The highest protein content of 14.1 and 15.3% and backing quality of 310 and 297 ml bread volume per 100 g whole meal were achieved in mixture with field bean 2004 and 2005, respectively. If row width was increased from 15 to 75 cm normally grain quality of wheat was enhanced in monocrop as well as in intercrop. Wheat in mixture with field bean showed a signifi-cant higher quality than in mixture with pea except for STÖ 2004. A gradient in the spatial and temporal use of mineral soil nitrogen (Nmin) by the wheat was found. Nmin was available in particular from deeper soil layers during the grain filling phase in row strip intercrop trials, resulting in a higher grain protein content of the wheat.