Li, Xiaoyan; Jaafar, Rzgar; He, Yang; Wu, Boqian; Kania, Per and Buchmann, Kurt (2021) Effects of a Pseudomonas H6 surfactant on rainbow trout and Ichthyophthirius multifiliis: In vivo exposure. [Effekter af Pseudomonas H6 surfaktant på regnbueørred og fiskedræber Ichthyophthirius multifiliis: In vivo eksponering.] Aquaculture, 547, pp. 1-9.
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Summary
The Pseudomonas H6 lipopeptide is a surfactant, which is able to eliminate various parasitic pathogens including the ciliate Ichthyophthirius multifiliis in vitro. This suggests an application for aquaculture purposes. However, further information on efficacy of the compound and possible immune modulation of surfactant-exposed fish should be gathered before usage at farm level is considered. We performed an in vivo infection experiment using rainbow trout fry (mean weight 4.6 g, mean length 7.6 cm) as hosts and I. multifiliis theronts as the parasitic pathogen. We compared infection level, immune gene regulation and immune cell density in gills of 1) no exposed control fish, 2) parasite exposed but untreated fish, 3) surfactant treated fish without parasite exposure, and 4) fish exposed both to parasites and surfactant. The surfactant concentration was 10 mg/L, the infection dosage 1000 theronts/fish and the exposure period 6 h. The parasite infection was recorded and samples were taken from rainbow trout gills at day 0 and 10 post-exposure. We performed an immunohistochemical investigation (detecting cells positive for MHC II, SAA, CD8, IgM, IgT and IgD) and measured the expression of genes encoding cathelidin-1, CD8, hepcidin, IFN γ, IgDs, IL-1β, IL-6 and SAA. Theront exposed fish (without surfactant treatment) became heavily infected whereas concomitant surfactant treatment (10 mg/l), along with parasite exposure, could prevent infection. A significant inflammation (upregulation of il-1β, il6, ifn γ, cathelicidin, hepcidin) was elicited in non-treated and parasite exposed fish but it was prevented by the surfactant treatment. When investigated 10 days after treatment no immune gene regulation was seen in fish exposed to surfactant only. The therapeutic effect may be due to a direct parasitical action of the surfactant, but it cannot be excluded that a modulation of the host immune reaction may influence the infection success.
Summary translation
Bakterien Pseudomonas H6 lipopeptid er en biologisk sæbe/overflade aktivt stof, som effektivt kan eliminere forskellige parasitter, herunder ciliaten Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (fiskedræber) in vitro. Før evt. brug i akvakultur vil det være relevant at undersøge stoffets effektivitet og mulig immun-modulering hos surfaktant-eksponerede fisk. Vi udførte et in vivo infektions-eksperiment med regnbueørred-yngel (gnst. vægt 4,6 g, gnst. længde 7,6 cm) som værter og I. multifiliis theronter som parasit-patogen. Vi sammenlignede infektions-niveau, immun-gen-regulering samt immun-celle-tæthed i gællerne hos 1) ikke eksponerede kontrol-fisk, 2) parasit eksponerede men ubehandlede fisk, 3) surfaktant behandlede fisk uden parasit eksponering, og 4) fisk eksponeret både til parasitter og surfaktant. Surfaktant koncentrationen var 10 mg/l, infektions doseringen var 1000 theronter/fish og eksponerings perioden var 6 timer. Parasit-infektionen blev fulgt og prøver blev taget fra regnbueørred-gæller på dag 0 og 10 dage efter eksponering. Vi foretog en immunhistokemisk undersøgelse (registrerede celler positive for MHC II, SAA, CD8, IgM, IgT og IgD) og målte gen-ekspression i forhold til indkodning af cathelidin-1, CD8, hepcidin, IFN γ, IgDs, IL-1β, IL-6 og SAA. Theront eksponerede fisk (uden surfaktant behandling) blev kraftigt inficerede, mens ledsagende surfaktant-behandling (10 mg/l), samtidig med parasit-eksponering, kunne forhindre infektion. Signifikant inflammation (opregulering af il-1β, il6, ifn γ, cathelicidin, hepcidin) blev vist hos ikke-behandlede og parasit-eksponerede fisk, mens dette blev forhindret ved surfaktant-behandling. 10 dage efter behandling kunne der ikke registreres immun-gen-regulering hos fisk, der kun var eksponeret til surfaktant. Den terapeutiske effekt kan skyldes en direkte surfaktant-effekt på parasitterne, men det kan ikke udelukkes, at en modulering af værtens immun-reaktion kan have haft indflydelse på infektions-succesen.
| EPrint Type: | Journal paper |
|---|---|
| Keywords: | Biocontrol, Surfactant, Lipopeptide, Immune response, Parasite, Fish |
| Agrovoc keywords: | Language Value URI English UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED |
| Subjects: | Animal husbandry > Health and welfare |
| Research affiliation: | Denmark > Organic RDD 4 > ShelterFish |
| Deposited By: | Jokumsen, Senior Advisory Scientist Alfred |
| ID Code: | 42564 |
| Deposited On: | 09 Dec 2021 09:03 |
| Last Modified: | 09 Dec 2021 09:03 |
| Document Language: | English |
| Status: | Published |
| Refereed: | Peer-reviewed and accepted |
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