Der Anbau von Linsen und Erbsen im Gemenge

Summary

In Germany, lentils (Lens culinaris) are traditionally grown in mixture with cereals to reduce lodging and weed pressure. To test semi-leafless pea (Pisum sativum) as an alternative companion crop instead of dwarf oat (Avena sativa), a field trial was conducted in 2015 at the organic research station of the University of Hohenheim, south-west Germany. The three crops were cultivated in pure stands and in ratios of
1:3, 1:1 and 3:1 (lentil : pea or oat). Focus was on comparing lodging resistance, weed suppression, and grain yield. Lodging was low in all mixtures but high in lentil pure stands. Yields were very high for lentils and peas but rather low for oats (3.2 t ha-1, 4.9 t ha-1, and 3.2 t ha-1, in pure stands). Similarly, high lentil yields were achieved in the mixtures lentil-pea 3:1 (3.0 t ha-1), lentil-oat 3:1 (2.9 t ha-1), and lentil-oat 1:1 (2.7 t ha-1). Compared with pure stands, land use efficiency was up to 20 % higher in
lentil-pea mixtures and up to 33 % higher in lentil-oat mixtures. When compared with lentil pure stands, weed biomass was up to 26 % (lentil-pea 1:3) lower in mixtures with pea and up to 61 % (lentil-oat 1:1) lower in mixtures with oat. Overall, semi-leafless pea is a good alternative to dwarf oat as a companion crop for lentils.