Current conditions for seed use in the Czech organic farming

Summary

Council Regulation (EC) No. 834/2007 of 28 June 2007 on organic production and labelling of organic products, and Commission Regulation (EC) No. 889/2008 of 5 September 2008 laying down detailed rules for the implementation of Council Regulation, are the most important European legislative instructions on organic farming. They lay down a permit to use just organic seeds for establishment of organic crop stands. Such seeds have to originate from the plants being grown in compliance with organic farming rules for at least one generation. Organic farmers are obliged, in compliance with the above-mentioned legislation, to use seeds originating from organic production when establishing crop stands. Otherwise, they are allowed to use their own seeds or they may apply for an exception to a relevant public authority in order to use conventional unstained seeds. There are 3,517 organic farmers in the Czech Republic and they run their farms on the total surface of 448,202 ha, which represent 10.55% of the total farming land surface in the Czech Republic. Arable land represents 12.26% (54,937 ha) of the total organic land surface. Cereals were considered as the main market crops and grown on the surface of 22,762 ha in 2009. Deficiency of certified good-quality organic seeds in the Czech Republic is one of the factors limiting the organic cereals growing there. Crop stands are currently established from certified organic seeds (6%), conventional unstained seeds (37%) and farm seeds (57%) in the Czech Republic. They are usually established from "uncontrolled" farm seeds originating from repeated reseeding. As restrictions on conventional unstained seeds are being imposed, seed growers have to be motivated to provide a sufficient supply of certified organic seeds. Current deficiency of approved seeds is also caused by a complexity of the reproduction process and small amount of approved seeds originating from the approved reproduction processes. Identical requirements for conventional and organic seeds have been imposed but organic farming is not so highly supported as conventional farming. It is one of the reasons of the current organic seeds deficiency.