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Leaching of Cryptosporidium parvum Oocysts, Escherichia coli, and a Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Bacteriophage through Intact Soil Cores following Surface Application and Injection of Slurry

Forslund, Anita; Markussen, Bo; Toenner-Klank, Lise; Bech, Tina B.; Jacobsen, Ole Stig and Dalsgaard, Anders (2011) Leaching of Cryptosporidium parvum Oocysts, Escherichia coli, and a Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Bacteriophage through Intact Soil Cores following Surface Application and Injection of Slurry. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 77 (22), pp. 8129-8138.

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Document available online at: http://aem.asm.org/content/77/22/8129.abstract


Summary

Increasing amounts of livestock manure are being applied to agricultural soil, but it is unknown to what extent this may be associated with contamination of aquatic recipients and groundwater if microorganisms are transported through the soil under natural weather conditions. The objective of this study was therefore to evaluate how injection and surface application of pig slurry on intact sandy clay loam soil cores influenced the leaching of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium bacteriophage 28B, Escherichia coli, and Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts. All three microbial tracers were detected in the leachate on day 1, and the highest relative concentration was detected on the fourth day (0.1 pore volume). Although the concentration of the phage 28B declined over time, the phage was still found in leachate at day 148. C. parvum oocysts and chloride had an
additional rise in the relative concentration at a 0.5 pore volume, corresponding to the exchange of the total pore volume. The leaching of E. coli was delayed compared with that of the added microbial tracers, indicating a stronger attachment to slurry particles, but E. coli could be detected up to 3 months. Significantly enhanced leaching of phage 28B and oocysts by the injection method was seen, whereas leaching of the indigenous E. coli was not affected by the application method. Preferential flow was the primary transport vehicle, and the diameter of the fractures in the intact soil cores facilitated transport of all sizes of microbial tracers under natural weather conditions.


EPrint Type:Journal paper
Keywords:Cryptosporidium parvum oocyst, E. coli, Salmonella Bacteriophage, leaching, soil cores, natural precipitation, PathOrganic
Subjects: Food systems > Food security, food quality and human health
Environmental aspects > Air and water emissions
Crop husbandry > Irrigation and drainage
Research affiliation: European Union > CORE Organic > PathOrganic
Denmark > KU - University of Copenhagen > KU-LIFE - Faculty of Life Sciences
DOI:10.1128/AEM.05675-11
Related Links:http://www.safir4eu.org, http://www.pathos.geus.net, http://www.icrofs.org/coreorganic/pathorganic.html
Deposited By: Forslund, Dr. A
ID Code:20435
Deposited On:01 Feb 2012 09:58
Last Modified:27 Apr 2013 13:27
Document Language:English
Status:Published
Refereed:Peer-reviewed and accepted

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