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Effect of sowing date and straw mulch on virus incidence and aphid infestation in organic faba-beans (Vicia faba L.)

Saucke, H.; Juergens, M.; Döring, Th. F.; Lesemann, D.E.; Fittje, S. and Vetten, H.-J. (2009) Effect of sowing date and straw mulch on virus incidence and aphid infestation in organic faba-beans (Vicia faba L.). Annals of Applied Biology, 154, pp. 239-250.

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Summary

The effect of sowing date on aphid infestation and the incidence of aphid-transmitted viruses were investigated in organically managed, small-scale field experiments with two faba bean cultivars over 3 years (2002–04). As an additional factor, strawmulchwas applied in 2 of the 3 years shortly before the start of vector activity in May. Virus incidence was determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoelectron microscopy. Aphid flight activity was monitored using standard yellow water traps. Bean colonising aphids were assessed throughout the vegetation period by counting the number of plants infested with Acyrthosiphon pisum, Megoura viciae and Aphis fabae. Pea enation mosaic virus and bean yellow mosaic virus were the most abundant aphid-transmitted viruses, being detected in 22–54% and 9–69%, respectively, of the total number of virus-infected plants analysed per year. Further aphid-transmitted viruses found in faba bean were bean leaf roll virus, beet western yellows virus, clover yellow vein virus (in 2002) and soybean dwarf virus (in 2004). A. pisum was the predominant aphid species colonising faba bean plants. Early sowing compared with late sowing led to a significant reduction of the total virus incidence in faba bean in all 3 years. However, significantly decreased levels of A. pisum colonisation as a result of early sowing were observed only in 1 year and one cultivar. Irrespective of sowing date, straw mulching had no significant effects on virus incidence and aphid colonisation. Compared with late sowing, early sowing significantly increased bean yield in all 3 years and kernel weight in 2 years, whereas straw mulching had no effect on yield.


EPrint Type:Journal paper
Keywords:Aphids, organic farming, PEMV, sowing date, straw mulch, vectors, Vicia faba, virus diseases
Subjects: Crop husbandry > Production systems > Cereals, pulses and oilseeds
Crop husbandry > Crop health, quality, protection
Research affiliation: UK > Imperial College London
Germany > Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants - JKI > Institute for Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics
Germany > University of Kassel > Department of Ecological Plant Protection
ISSN:0003-4746
DOI:10.1111/j.1744-7348.2008.00288.x
Deposited By: Döring, Dr Thomas F.
ID Code:20013
Deposited On:16 Dec 2011 09:32
Last Modified:16 Dec 2011 09:32
Document Language:English
Status:Published
Refereed:Peer-reviewed and accepted

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