Veysset, Patrick; Bécherel, Frédéric and Bébin, Didier (2009) Elevage biologique de bovins allaitants dans le Massif Central : résultats technico-économiques et identifications des principaux verrous. [Organic suckling cattle farming system in the Massif Central: technical and economic results.] Inra Productions Animales, 22 (3), pp. 189-196.
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Summary
Le Massif Central détient 25% des vaches allaitantes françaises certifiées AB. Afin d’obtenir des références technico-économiques, 22 élevages bovins allaitants AB ont été suivis en 2004, dont 13 en échantillon constant depuis 2001. Ces exploitations herbagères sont toutes situées en zone défavorisée et leurs performances ont été comparées à un groupe de 105 exploitations conventionnelles de la même zone géographique. Le chargement et la production de viande vive/UGB y sont 20% plus faibles que chez les conventionnels. La plus-value sur le prix de la viande n’est que de 7% car, suite aux difficultés de mise en marché, les animaux engraissés ne représentent que 45% des ventes alors que seuls les animaux gras sont valorisés sur le marché bio. Le produit global à l’ha est inférieur de 20% à celui des conventionnels, ce résultat étant compensé par de faibles charges opérationnelles (- 33%), d’où une meilleure efficacité économique. Le revenu par unité de main-d’oeuvre est comparable entre AB et conventionnels. La recherche de l’autonomie alimentaire à l’échelle de l’exploitation est un point capital pour l’économie de ces exploitations, mais cette autonomie est plus facilement atteinte dans les fermes de polyculture-élevage où la production de céréales est possible. Vu le prix d’achat des concentrés, les exploitations 100% herbagères ont des difficultés pour engraisser leurs animaux, d’où le moindre taux de certification AB en zone de montagne par rapport aux zones intermédiaires. Mais des dimensions autres que la productivité et l’économie devront, à l’avenir, venir enrichir l’argumentaire pour encourager les conversions.
Summary translation
In 2006, 1.5% of French suckling cows are certified OF, 25% of these cows being located in the Massif Central. To get technical and economic references, an OF suckling cattle farms' network was established. In 2004, 22 farms were monitored (13 of these farms have been monitored since 2001). All these farms are located in less favoured areas and their performances were compared with a group of 105 conventional farms in the same geographical area. One hundred percent of the fodder area is grassland. The stocking rate and liveweight production are 20% lower in OF farms than in the conventional farms. The poorly structured organic beef market chain causes OF farmers to sell most of their animals (mainly store animals, fattened animals represent only 45% of sold animals) on the conventional market without premium prices. Since only fattened animals are valorised on the organic market with a premium price, the average selling price (€/kg live-weight) of all the sold animals is only 7% higher for OF than for conventional. But, because of lower operational costs (- 33%), the bovine gross margin/LU is 3% higher for OF than for conventional. The lower stocking rate leads a lower gross product per ha of farm area, this result being balanced by a very low level of operational costs (no chemical inputs), so the economic efficiency of the OF is higher than these of the conventional. The farm income per worker is the same in both systems. The search for food self-sufficiency at the farm scale is a key point for farm economics, but it is workable only in mixed crop-livestock farms where cropping is possible with adapted crop rotation. Considering the price of purchased concentrates, 100% grassland farms have difficulties fattening their animals, hence the lower rate of OF certification in mountain areas compared to mixed areas. But other dimensions than productivity and economy will improve in the future the sale talk to encourage the conversions
| EPrint Type: | Journal paper |
|---|---|
| Subjects: | Farming Systems > Farm economics Animal husbandry > Production systems > Beef cattle |
| Research affiliation: | France > GIS Bio Massif Central France > INRA - Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique |
| ISSN: | 0990-0632 |
| Deposited By: | Veysset, M. Patrick |
| ID Code: | 18345 |
| Deposited On: | 03 Mar 2011 10:19 |
| Last Modified: | 03 Mar 2011 10:19 |
| Document Language: | French/Francais |
| Status: | Published |
| Refereed: | Peer-reviewed and accepted |
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