Döring, Thomas F. and Saucke, Helmut (2003) Strohmulch und Vorkeimen zur Minderung des Virusrisikos in ökologisch produzierten Pflanzkartoffeln. [Straw mulch and chitting for virus vector control in organic seed potatoes.] In: Freyer, Bernhard (Ed.) Ökologischer Landbau der Zukunft: Beiträge zur 7. Wissenschaftstagung zum Ökologischen Landbau, pp. 545-546.
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Summary
Das von Blattläusen übertragene Y-Virus der Kartoffel (PVY) stellt eines der Hauptprobleme bei der vegetativen Pflanzkartoffelvermehrung dar, da bei einem Anteil virusinfizierter Knollen über 8% die amtliche Anerkennung als Pflanzgut ausgeschlossen ist. Diesem Risiko steht bei Anerkennung jedoch ein hoher wirtschaftlicher Erlös gegenüber. Das für ökologische Produzenten ab 2004 geltende Verbot der Verwendung von konventionellem Pflanzgut läßt einen steigenden Bedarf an Ökopflanzgut erwarten. Schon jetzt bestehen jedoch v.a. nach blattlausreichen Jahren Engpässe in der Verfügbarkeit von zertifiziertem ökologisch erzeugten Pflanzmaterial. Ziel war daher die Evaluation und Optimierung verschiedener kulturtechnischer Verfahren zur Minderung des Virusrisikos im Ökologischen Pflanzkartoffelanbau.
Summary translation
The Potato Virus Y (PVY), transmitted non-persistently by winged morphs of many aphid species is a main problem in seed potato production. Short wave light reflecting material has been shown to reduce virus incidence by optically distracting virus vectors in many crops. Straw mulch is a suitable reflective material and contributed to significant reduction of virus infection in conventional potatoes and oil seed rape.
In small scale organically managed field experiments carried out in Northern Hessen (4 replicates, cv. Christa, 0% PVY at planting), straw mulch and chitting were compared to an untreated control in 2000 for virus reduction potential. In 2001 and 2002, straw mulch and chitting were combined in a factorial experiment. To increase PVY inoculum center rows of all plots were planted with infector plants (85 % PVY in 2000, 100% in 2001 and 2002). PVY infection of tubers at harvest were tested with ELISA. Flight activity of alates was monitored with yellow water traps. Potato colonizing aphids were counted on 100 leaves per plot in weekly to fortnightly intervals.
In all years mulching significantly reduced aphid infestation on leaves and PVY incidence. In 2000 chitting effects on PVY were not significant, whereas in 2001 and 2002 chitting reduced PVY incidence significantly. Marketable tuber yield was increased under straw mulch (not significant) and (in 2001, but not in 2002) by chitting. Straw mulch is probably most effective if vector pressure is high early in the year and the susceptibility of young potato plants is highest. In later growth stages its effect declines gradually according to progressing ground coverage of the crop. This is supported by the higher virus reduction efficiency of mulch in 2000, when aphid spring flight, measured in yellow water traps was substantially higher than in 2001.
| EPrint Type: | Conference paper, poster, etc. |
|---|---|
| Type of presentation: | Paper |
| Keywords: | Kartoffel, Kartoffeln, Blattlaus, Blattläuse, Virus, Y-Virus, Pflanzgut, aphids, non-persistent virus, PVY, reflective surfaces, |
| Subjects: | Crop husbandry > Production systems > Root crops Crop husbandry > Crop health, quality, protection |
| Research affiliation: | Germany > University of Kassel > Department of Ecological Plant Protection |
| Related Links: | http://www.boku.ac.at/oekoland/#Abschluss, http://www.soel.de/projekte/wissenschaftstagung.html, http://www.soel.de/english/wissenschaftstagung_e.html |
| Deposited By: | INVALID USER |
| ID Code: | 1104 |
| Deposited On: | 27 Dec 2003 |
| Last Modified: | 12 Apr 2010 07:27 |
| Document Language: | German/Deutsch |
| Status: | Published |
| Refereed: | Not peer-reviewed |
| Additional Publishing Information: | Der Tagungsband der 7. Wissenschaftstagung (Freyer, Bernhard, Ed. (2003) Beiträge zur 7. Wissenschaftstagung zum ökologischen Landbau: Ökologischer Landbau der Zukunft. Universität für Bodenkultur Wien - Institut für ökologischen Landbau.) kann unter folgender Adresse bezogen werden: Frau Sandra Donner, Institut für Ökologischen Landbau, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Gregor Mendel Strasse 33, A-1180 Wien, Fax: +43 (0)1 47654-3792 sandra.donner@boku.ac.at. |
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