eprintid: 6931
rev_number: 2
eprint_status: archive
userid: 3416
dir: disk0/00/00/69/31
datestamp: 2006-01-30
lastmod: 2010-04-12 07:32:19
status_changed: 2009-08-20 14:29:49
type: journalp
metadata_visibility: show
item_issues_count: 0
doclang: en
projects: a-uni-wien-boku-ifoel
refereed: yes
budget: 0
publicfulltext: TRUE
creators_name: Vogl, C. R.
creators_name: Vogl-Lukasser, B.
title: Tradition, Dynamics and Sustainability of Plant Species Composition and Management in Homegardens on Organic and Non-Organic Small Scale Farms in Alpine Eastern Tyrol, Austria
ispublished: pub
subjects: 4plant
keywords: homegardens, management, species, tradition, Tyrol
abstract: In Eastern Tyrol (Austria), homegardens are an integral part of the farming system. The aim of this paper is to present evidence for the development of gardening in the study area and to identify differences/similarities between gardens at organic and non-organic farms. In 1997 and 1998, in homegardens on 91 organic and 105 non-organic farms from 12 communities, occurrence and abundance of cultivated plant species were surveyed and interviews were carried out about garden history, management and plant use. For the factor organic/non-organic, differences between gardens were statistically tested. Garden management is similar in organic/non-organic gardens, except mixed cropping and the use of alternative remedies to combat diseases, both with significantly higher occurrence on organic farms. Popular innovations from organic farming did not have a strong and clearly visible impact on management of homegardens. The population of cultivated plant species, until the 1960s approx. 51; nowadays approx. 587 species in all gardens, and main use of garden produce has been in a process of change with an increase in importance of species used as food and for decoration, but with no significant differences concerning organic/non-organic. Women farmers gardening in Eastern Tyrol are highly sympathetic to the principles of organic farming, even on non-organic farms. Sustainability can be increased when methods from organic gardening are promoted and tested locally more effectively. Science and policy should recognize the work of women farmers who maintain homegardens with high agrobiodiversity as part of their culture. 
date: 2003
date_type: published
publication: Journal for Biological Agriculture and Horticulture
volume: 21
number: 4
referencetext: Agelet, A., Bonet, M.A. & Vallès, J. (2000). Homegardens and their role as a main source of medicinal plants in mountain regions of Catalonia (Iberian Peninsula). Economic Botany, 54, 295–309.

Alexiades, M.N. & Sheldon, J.W. (1996). Selected Guidelines for Ethnobotanical Research: A Field Manual. The New York Botanical Garden Press; New York, U.S.A.

Anderson, E.N. (1993). Southeast Asian gardens: Nutrition, cash and ethnicity. Biotica Nueva Epoca, 1, 1–11.

Anderson, J.N. (1986). House gardens—an appropriate village technology. In Community Management (D.C. Korten, ed.), pp. 105–112. Kumarian Press; Bloomfield, U.S.A.

Bätzing, W. (1996). Landwirtschaft im Alpenraum-unverzichtbar aber zukunftslos? Eine alpenweite Bilanz der aktuellen Probleme und der möglichen Lösungen. Blackwell Wissenschafts-Verlag; Berlin, Germany.

Bortz, J. & Döring, N. (1995). Forschungsmethoden und Evaluation. Springer; Berlin, Germany.

Brun-Hool, J. (1980). Zur Pflanzensoziologie schweizerischer Gärten. Phytocoenologia, 7, 73–99.

Bye, R. (1997). The role of humans in the diversification of plants in Mexico. In Biological Diversity of Mexico—Origins and Distribution (T.P. Ramamoorthy, R. Bye, A. Lot, & J. Fa, eds.), pp. 707–731. Oxford University Press; Oxford, U.K.

Caballero, J. (1992). Maya homegardens: Past, present and future. Ethnoecolgia, 1, 35–54.

Cernusca, A., Tappeiner, U. & Bayfield, N. (1999). Land-Use Changes in European Mountain Ecosystems: Ecomont- Concept and Results. Blackwell; Berlin, Germany.

Encke, F. (1961). Paul Pareys Blumengärtnerei. Beschreibung, Kultur und Verwendung der gesamten gärtnerischen Schmuckpflanzen. Paul Parey; Berlin, Germany.

Esquivel, M. & Hammer, K. (1992). The Cuban homegarden “Conuco”: A perspective environment for evolution and in situ conservation of plant genetic resources. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 39, 9–22.

Fernandes, E.C.M. & Nair, P.K.R. (1986). An Evaluation of the Structure and Function of Tropical Homegardens. International Council for Research in Agroforestry (ICRAF); Nairobi, Kenya.

Fischer, M. (1994). Exkursionsflora von Österreich. Ulmer; Vienna, Austria. 

Fischer-Benzon, R. (1894). Altdeutsche Gartenflora. Untersuchungen über die Nutzpflanzen des deutschen Mittelalters, ihre Wanderung und ihre Vorgeschichte im klassischen Altertum. Publ. not known; Kiel & Leipzig, Germany.

Fitschen, J. (1994). Gehölzflora: Ein Buch zum Bestimmen der in Mitteleuropa wildwachsenden und angepflanzten Bäume und Sträucher. Quelle und Meyer; Heidelberg, Germany.

Franck, G. (1991). Gesunder Garten durch Mischkultur. Südwest; Munich, Germany.

Hanf, M. (1998). Farbatlas der Wildkräuter und Unkräuter. Eugen Ulmer; Stuttgart, Germany.

Hauser, A. (1976). Bauerngärten der Schweiz—Ursprung, Entwicklung und Bedeutung. Artemis; Zurich, Switzerland.

Hegi, G. (1979). lllustrierte Flora von Mitteleuropa. Publ. not known; Munich, Germany.

Hochegger, K. (1995). The Kandyan Forest Gardens, Gewatta, of Sri Lanka—Their Ecology, Economy and Culture. Doctoral thesis. University for Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU); Vienna, Austria.

Hodel, U. & Gessler, M. (1999). In Situ Conservation of Plant Genetic Resources in Home Gardens of Southern Vietnam. International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI); Rome, Italy.

Holzner, W. (1981). Acker-Unkräuter. Bestimmung, Verbreitung, Biologie und Ökologie. Leopold Stocker; Graz, Austria.

Inhetveen, H. (1994). Die Landfrau und ihr Garten. Zur Soziologie der Hortikultur. Zeitschrift für Agrargeschichte und Agrarsoziologie, 42, 41–58.

IPGRI (2000). Annual Report 1999. International Plant Genetic Resources Institute; Rome, Italy. 

Jäger, E., Schubert, R. & Werner, K. (1991). Werner Rothmaler’s Exkursionsflora von Deutschland - Atlas der Gefäßpflanzen. Volk & Wissen; Berlin, Germany.

Kreuter, M.-L. (1997). Der Bio-Garten: Der praktische Ratgeber für den naturgemäßen Anbau von Gemüse, Obst und Blumen. BLV; Munich, Germany.

Landauer, K. & Brazil, M. (1990). Tropical Home Gardens. United Nations University Press; Tokyo, Japan.

Lindenthal, T. (1993): Forschung Im Biologischen Landbau. Federal Agency for the Environment; Vienna, Austria.

Lindenthal, T., Vogl, C.R. & Hess, J. (1995). Forschung im Ökologischen Landbau- Integrale Schwerpunktthemen und Methodikkriterien. Der Förderungsdienst, No. 2c., Vienna, Austria.

Lohmeyer, W. (1983). Liste der schon vor 1900 in Bauerngärten der Gebiete beiderseits des mittel- und südlichen Niederrheins kultivierten Pflanzen. In Dörfliche Vegetation im Freilichtmuseum. Erhaltung gefährdeter dörflicher Pflanzengesellschaften und historischer Nutzpflanzenkulturen (Stiftung zum Schutze gefährdeter Pflanzen, ed.), pp. 109–131; Stiftung zum Schutze gefährdeter Pflanzen; Bonn, Germany.

Mander, Ü., Mikk, M. & Külvik, M. (1999). Ecological and low intensity agriculture as contributors to landscape and biological diversity. Landscape and Urban Planning, 46, 169–177.

Martin, G. (1995). Ethnobotany. Chapman & Hall; London, U.K. 

McNeely, J.A. & Scherr, S.J. (2001). Common Ground; Common Future - How Ecoagriculture Can Help Feed the World and Save Wild Biodiversity. IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources); Gland, Switzerland and Future Harvest; Washington, U.S.A.

Netting, R.M. (1981). Balancing on an Alp—Ecological Change & Continuity in a Swiss Mountain Community. Cambridge University Press; Cambridge, U.K.

Niñez, V.K. (1985). Household Food Production—Comparative Perspectives. International Potato Center (CIP); Lima, Peru.

Padoch, C. & De Jong, W. (1991). The house gardens of Santa Rosa: Diversity and variability in an Amazonian agricultural system. Economic Botany, 45, 166–175.

Pahlow, M. (1993). Das groβe Buch der Heilpflanzen. Gräfe und Unzer; Munich, Germany.

Penz, H. (1996). Die Landwirtschaft in den Österreichischen Alpen. In Landwirtschaft im Alpenraum-unverzichtbar aber zukunftslos? Eine alpenweite Bilanz der aktuellen Probleme und der möglichen Lösungen (W. Bätzing, ed.), pp. 141–167, Blackwell Wissenschaftsverlag; Berlin, Germany.

Pirklhuber, W. & Gründlinger, C. (1993). Der biologische Landbau in Österreich. Federal Agency for the Environment; Vienna, Austria.

Poppendieck, H.-H. (1992). Der erste Museums-Bauerngarten. Gartenkunst, 4, 79–101.

Rico-Gray, V., Garcia-Franco, J.G., Chemas, A., Puch, A. & Sima, P. (1990). Species composition, similarity, and structure of Mayan homegardens in Tixpeual and Tixcaltuyub, Yucatan, Mexico. Economic Botany, 44, 470–487.

Royal Horticultural Society (1997). Gartenhandbuch Stauden. Translated by R. Ferstl & H. Kuwer. DuMont; Cologne, Germany.

Royal Horticultural Society (1998). Sommerblumen: Einjährige und Zweijährige; mit mehr als 500 Beet- und Balkonpflanzen. Translated by H. Kuwer & R. Ferstl. DuMont; Cologne, Germany.

Salvador Flores, J. (1993). Observaciones preliminares sobre los huertos familiares Mayas en la Ciudad de Mérida, Yucatán, México. Biotica nueva época, 1, 13–18.

Schulmeyer-Torres, D. (1994). Bauerngärten: Historische Entwicklung und Charakterisierung des aktuellen Artenbestandes der ländlichen Hausgärten in West-Miteleuropa anhand ökologischer und historisch-geographischer Merkmale-ein Beitrag zur Erforschung der Überreste des Bauerngartens. Logos; Saarbrücken, Germany.

Siller-Griessmair, B. & Kompatscher-Hoppe, A. (1989). Vielgeliebter Bauerngarten. Verlagsanstalt Athesia; Bozen, Italy.

Soemarwoto, O. (1987). Homegardens: A traditional agroforestry system with a promising future. In Agroforestry, a Decade of Development (H.A. Steppler & P.K.R. Nair, eds.), pp. 157–170, ICRAF; Nairobi, Kenya.

SPSS (1997). Statistical Package for Social Sciences—version 7.5.2 for Windows. SPSS Inc; Chicago, U.S.A.

Titze, P. (1983). Das Pflanzenkleid des Dorfes—seine Gärten. In Dorfokölogie (Landschaftspflege, ed.), pp. 29–54, Laufener Seminarbeiträge; Laufen/Salzach, Austria.

Torquebiau, E. (1992). Are tropical agroforestry home gardens sustainable? Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 41, 189–207.

Van Elsen, T. (2000). Species diversity as a task for organic agriculture in Europe. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 77,101–109.

Van Mansvelt, J.D., Stobbelaar, D.J. & Hendriks, K. (1998). Comparison of landscape features in organic and conventional farming systems. Landscape and Urban Planning, 41, 209–227.

Vogl, C.R. & Hess, J. (1999). Organic farming in Austria. American Journal for Alternative Agriculture, 14, 137–143.

Vogl, C.R., Vogl-Lukasser, B. & Caballero, J. (2002). Homegardens of Maya migrants in the district of Palenque (Chiapas/Mexico): Implications for sustainable rural development. In Ethnobiology and Biocultural Diversity (J.R. Stepp, F.S. Wyndham & R.K. Zarger, eds.), pp. 631–647. University of Georgia Press; Athens, U.S.A.

Vogl, C.R., Vogl-Lukasser, B. & Puri, R. (2003). Tools and methods for data collection in ethnobotanical studies of home gardens. Field Methods, Accepted.

Vogl-Lukasser, B. (2000). Studien zur funktionalen Bedeutung bäuerlicher Hausgärten in Osttirol basierend auf Artenzusammensetzung und ethnobotanischen Analysen. Doctoral thesis, University of Vienna; Vienna, Austria.

Vogl-Lukasser, B. & Vogl, C.R. (2002). Ethnobotany as an interdisciplinary tool for the study of the biocultural management of agrobiodiversity in homegardens of Alpine farmers in Eastern Tyrol. In Interdisciplinary Mountain Research (R. Bottarin & U. Tappeiner, eds.), pp. 264–273. Blackwell Science; London, U.K.

Waschgler, H. (1993). Landeskunde. In Bezirkskunde Osttirol (Katholischer Tiroler Lehrerverein, ed.), pp. 19–26, Oberdruck; Lienz, Austria.

Watson, J.W. & Eyzaguirre, P.B. (2001). Home gardens and in situ conservation of plant genetic resources in farming systems. In Proceedings of the Second International Home Gardens Workshop. International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI); Rome, Italy.

Wehrhahn, H.R. (1937). Was wächst und blüht in meinem Garten? Blütenstauden und Sommerblumen. Tabellen zum Bestimmen von über 500 wichtigen Gartenpflanzen mit Kultur und Verwendungsangaben. Francksche Verlagshandlung; Stuttgart, Germany.

Willerding, U. (1994). Zur frühen Geschichte des Gartenbaus in Mitteleuropa. In Geschichte des Gartenbaus und der Gartenkunst (Förderkreis Gartenbaumuseum Cyriaksburg e.V., eds.), pp. 127–148. Publ. not known; Erfurt, Germany.

Willerding, U. (1995). Garten und Pflanzen des Mittelalters. In Der Garten von der Antike bis zum Mittelalter, Vol. 57 (M. Carroll-Spillecke, ed.), pp. 249–284, Von Zabern; Mainz am Rhein, Germany.

full_text_status: public
pagerange: 349-366
fp7_project: no
access_rights: info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
citation:    Vogl, C. R. and Vogl-Lukasser, B.   (2003) Tradition, Dynamics and Sustainability of Plant Species Composition and Management in Homegardens on Organic and Non-Organic Small Scale Farms in Alpine Eastern Tyrol, Austria.   Journal for Biological Agriculture and Horticulture, 21 (4), pp. 349-366.        
document_url: /id/eprint/6931/1/Vogl_BAH2003_21_349-366.pdf