?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.relation=https%3A%2F%2Forgprints.org%2Fid%2Feprint%2F35567%2F&rft.title=The+Pioneers+of+Biodynamics+in+USA%3A+The+Early+Milestones+of+Organic+Agriculture+in+the+United+States&rft.creator=Paull%2C+John&rft.subject=+Farming+Systems&rft.subject=+Food+systems&rft.subject=United+States&rft.subject=History+of+organics&rft.subject=+Knowledge+management&rft.description=Biodynamics+has+played+a+key+role+in+environmental+and+sustainable+development.+Rudolf+Steiner+founded+the+Experimental+Circle+of+Anthroposophic+Farmers+and+Gardeners+at+Koberwitz+(now+Kobierzyce%2C+Poland)+in+1924.+The+task+for+the+Experimental+Circle+was+to+test+Steiner%E2%80%99s+%E2%80%98hints%E2%80%99+for+a+new+and+sustainable+agriculture%2C+to+find+out+what+works%2C+and+to+publish+and+tell+the+world.+Ehrenfried+published+his+book+Bio-Dynamic+Farming+and+Gardening+in+New+York+in+1938%2C+fulfilling+Steiner%E2%80%99s+directive.+In+the+interval%2C+1924-1938%2C+39+individual+Americans+joined+the+Experimental+Circle.+They+were+the+pioneers+of+biodynamics+and+organics+in+USA%2C+and+finally+their+names+and+locations+are+revealed.+Of+the+39+members%2C+three+received+copies+of+the+Agriculture+Course+in+both+German+and+English%2C+while+other+copies+were+shared+(n%3D6).+Of+the+35+Agriculture+Courses+supplied+to+American+Experimental+Circle+Members%2C+over+half+were+numbered+copies+of+the+German+edition+(n%3D20)%2C+and+the+rest+were+the+English+edition+(n%3D15).+A+majority+of+members+were+women+(n%3D20)%2C+along+with+men+(n%3D17)%2C+and+undetermined+(n%3D2).+Members+were+from+11+states%3A+New+York+(n%3D18)%2C+New+Jersey+(n%3D5)%2C+Ohio+(n%3D4)%2C+Hawaii+(n%3D3)%2C+Connecticut+(n%3D2)%2C+Missouri+(n%3D2)%2C+California+(n%3D1)%2C+Florida+(n%3D1)%2C+Maine+(n%3D1)%2C+Maryland+(n%3D1)%2C+and+Pennsylvania+(n%3D1).+The+revelation+of+the+earliest+pioneers+of+biodynamics%2C+and+thus+organics%2C+in+USA+provides+39+starting+points+for+further+research+that+their+stories+and+achievements+may+be+told.&rft.date=2019-06&rft.type=Journal+paper&rft.type=NonPeerReviewed&rft.format=application%2Fpdf&rft.language=en&rft.rights=cc_by&rft.identifier=%2Fid%2Feprint%2F35567%2F1%2FPaull2019.BDpioneersUSA.AJESD.pdf&rft.identifier=+++Paull%2C+John+++(2019)+The+Pioneers+of+Biodynamics+in+USA%3A+The+Early+Milestones+of+Organic+Agriculture+in+the+United+States.+++American+Journal+of+Environment+and+Sustainable+Development%2C+6+(2)%2C+pp.+89-94.++++++++