?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_id=10.1002%2Fjpln.201600419&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.relation=https%3A%2F%2Forgprints.org%2Fid%2Feprint%2F31315%2F&rft.title=Impact+of+pyrochar+and+hydrochar+on+soybean+(Glycine+max+L.)+root+nodulation+and+biological+nitrogen+fixation&rft.creator=Scheifele%2C+Michael&rft.creator=Hobi%2C+Andrea&rft.creator=Buegger%2C+Franz&rft.creator=Gattinger%2C+Andreas&rft.creator=Schulin%2C+Rainer&rft.creator=Boller%2C+Thomas&rft.creator=M%C3%A4der%2C+Paul&rft.subject=+Cereals%2C+pulses+and+oilseeds&rft.subject=+Composting+and+manuring&rft.subject=+Nutrient+turnover&rft.description=The+aim+of+this+study+was+to+identify+effects+of+carbonized+organic+material+(%E2%80%98%E2%80%98biochar%E2%80%99%E2%80%99)+on+soybean+growth%2C+root+nodulation+and+biological+nitrogen+fixation%2C+and+to+elucidate+possible+underlyingmechanisms.Soybean+(Glycine+max+L.)+was+grown+in+four+arable+soils+amended+with+carbonized+organic+material+produced+from+wood+or+maize+as+feedstocks%2C+by+pyrolysis+(%E2%80%98%E2%80%98pyrochar%E2%80%99%E2%80%99)+or+hydrothermal+carbonization+(%E2%80%98%E2%80%98hydrochar%E2%80%99%E2%80%99).+Nodulation+by+Bradyrhizobium%2C+biological+nitrogen+fixation+(BNF)+assessed+by15N+techniques%2C+plant+growth%2C+nutrient+uptake+and+changes+in+chemical+soil+propertiesafter+soil+amendment+were+determined.+Data+were+analyzed+by+means+of+a+three+way+ANOVA+onthe+factors+soil%2C+carbonization+technique+and+feedstock.+It+turned+out+that+soybean+root+nodulationand+BNF+was+influenced+by+the+carbonization+technique+used+to+prepare+the+soil+amendment.Hydrochar%2C+in+average+and+across+all+soils%2C+increased+nodule+dry+matter+and+BNF+by+factors+of3.4+and+2.3%2C+respectively%2C+considerably+more+than+pyrochar%2C+which+led+to+1.8+and+1.2+fold+increases%2C+respectively.+Nodule+dry+matter+and+BNF+correlated+positively+with+available+soil+sulfurand+negatively+with+available+soil+nitrogen.+Hydrochars+provided+more+available+sulfur+than+pyrochars%2C+and+hydrochars+caused+a+decrease+in+nitrogen+availability+in+the+soil+solution%2C+thereby+exerting+a+positive+influence+on+nodulation+and+BNF.+Pyrochar+amendment+increased+soil+pH+buthad+no+effect+on+nodulation+and+BNF.+Plant+growth+was+affected+by+the+soil+and+by+the+feedstockused+for+the+%E2%80%98%E2%80%98biochar%E2%80%99%E2%80%99%2C+and+increased+slightly+more+in+treatments+with+pyrochar+and+hydrocharmade+from+maize%2C+which+was+richer+in+nitrogen+and+potassium.The+results+show+that+carbonized+organic+materials%2C+and+specifically+hydrochar%2C+have+the+capacity+to+increase+BNF+in+soils.+We+suggest+that+this+enhancement+in+BNF+in+response+to+soilamendments+with+carbonized+organic+materials+is+due+to+an+increase+in+available+sulfur+and+a+reduction+of+available+soil+nitrogen.&rft.date=2017&rft.type=Journal+paper&rft.type=NonPeerReviewed&rft.identifier=+++Scheifele%2C+Michael%3B+Hobi%2C+Andrea%3B+Buegger%2C+Franz%3B+Gattinger%2C+Andreas%3B+Schulin%2C+Rainer%3B+Boller%2C+Thomas+and+M%C3%A4der%2C+Paul+++(2017)+Impact+of+pyrochar+and+hydrochar+on+soybean+(Glycine+max+L.)+root+nodulation+and+biological+nitrogen+fixation.+++Journal+of+Plant+Nutrition+and+Soil+Science%2C+000%2C+pp.+1-13.++++++++&rft.relation=10.1002%2Fjpln.201600419&rft.identifier=10.1002%2Fjpln.201600419&rft.doi=10.1002%2Fjpln.201600419