?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_id=10.1007%2Fs10658-008-9315-0&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.relation=https%3A%2F%2Forgprints.org%2Fid%2Feprint%2F29507%2F&rft.title=A+%E2%80%98during-infection%E2%80%99+spray+strategy+using+sulphur+compounds%2C+copper%2C+silicon+and+a+new+formulation+of+potassium+bicarbonate+for+primary+scab+control+in+organic+apple+production.+&rft.creator=Jamar%2C+Laurent&rft.creator=Lefrancq%2C+Bruno&rft.creator=Fassotte%2C+Christianne&rft.creator=Lateur%2C+Marc&rft.subject=Crop+health%2C+quality%2C+protection&rft.description=In+a+field+experiment+conducted+over+two+growing+seasons%2C+the+effectiveness+and+phytotoxicity+of+inorganic+fungicides+such+as+sulphur%2C+lime+sulphur%2C+copper%2C+silicon+and+Armicarb+(a+new+formulation+of+potassium+bicarbonate)+was+compared+with+water+for+the+control+of+primary+apple+scab+infections+in+Belgium+on+high%2C+medium+and+low+scab-susceptible+cultivars+(cvs.+%E2%80%98Pinova%E2%80%99%2C+%E2%80%98Pirouette%E2%80%99+and+%E2%80%98Reinette+des+Capucins%E2%80%99%2C+respectively).+In+order+to+drastically+reduce+the+amount+of+fungicide+applied+in+the+orchard%2C+two+approaches+were+used%3A+(i)+a+strategy+involving+spraying+during+the+infection+process%2C+just+before++conditions+for+infection+had+been+fulfilled+according+to+the+RIMpro+software+warning+system%3B+and+(ii)+a+tunnel+sprayer+machine+for+treatment+applications.+Under+field+conditions+that+were+highly+favourable+for+disease%2C+low+rates+of+elemental+sulphur+(31.8+and+38.6+kg+ha-1+year-1+in+2005+and+2006%2C+respectively)+combined+with+low+rates+of+copper+(2.1+kg+ha-1+year-1+in+both+years)+provided+the+best+scab+control+and+reduced+its+severity+on+the+fruits+of+cv.+%E2%80%98Pinova%E2%80%99+by+97+and+98%25+compared+with+water+control+in+2005+and+2006%2C+respectively.+Lime+sulphur+was+much+more+effective+than+wettable+sulphur+and+appeared+to+be+efficient+at+temperatures+below+10%C2%B0C%2C+but+its+effectiveness+against+apple+scab+decreased+if+the+treatments+were+applied+12%E2%80%9324+h+later+than+in+the+%E2%80%98during-infection%E2%80%99+spray+strategy.+Armicarb+used+alone+significantly+reduced+apple+scab+severity+on+the+leaves+and+fruits+of+the+three+cultivars+compared+with+water+control.+Its+effectiveness+was+as+good+as+wettable+sulphur+applied+using+the+same+timing+and+dosage.+Silicon+reduced+apple+scab+on+fruits+very+slightly%2C+but+not+on+leaves.+The+amounts+of+wettable+sulphur%2C+lime+sulphur%2C+copper%2C+silicon+and+potassium+bicarbonate+used+in+this+experiment+to+control+apple+scab+were+not+phytotoxic%2C+did+not+increase+fruit+russet%2C+did+increase+the+yield+of+each+cultivar+and+did+not+affect+summer+density+of+the+beneficial+Typhlodromus+pyri.+The+potential+and+limitations+of+the+%E2%80%98during-infection%E2%80%99+spray+strategy+as+protection+methods+against+apple+scab+in+organic+farming+are+discussed.+&rft.date=2008-04-25&rft.type=Journal+paper&rft.type=NonPeerReviewed&rft.identifier=+++Jamar%2C+Laurent%3B+Lefrancq%2C+Bruno%3B+Fassotte%2C+Christianne+and+Lateur%2C+Marc+++(2008)+A+%E2%80%98during-infection%E2%80%99+spray+strategy+using+sulphur+compounds%2C+copper%2C+silicon+and+a+new+formulation+of+potassium+bicarbonate+for+primary+scab+control+in+organic+apple+production.++%5BStrat%C3%A9gie+de+protection+'durant+germination'+%C3%A0+partir+de+compos%C3%A9s+du+soufre%2C+du+cuivre%2C+du+silicium%2C+et+d'une+nouvelle+formulation+du+bicarbonate+de+potassium+pour+le+contr%C3%B4le+des+infections+primaires+de+tavelure+en+agriculture+biologique.%5D++European+Journal+of+Plant+Pathology+%2C+122%2C+pp.+481-493.++++++++&rft.relation=10.1007%2Fs10658-008-9315-0&rft.identifier=10.1007%2Fs10658-008-9315-0&rft.doi=10.1007%2Fs10658-008-9315-0