?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.relation=https%3A%2F%2Forgprints.org%2Fid%2Feprint%2F16978%2F&rft.title=Climate+change+and+prolongation+of+growing+season%3A+changes+in+regional+potential+for+field+crop+production+in+Finland&rft.creator=Peltonen-Sainio%2C+Pirjo&rft.creator=Jauhiainen%2C+Lauri&rft.creator=Hakala%2C+Kaija&rft.creator=Ojanen%2C+Hannu&rft.subject=+Crop+husbandry&rft.description=Climate+change+offers+new+opportunities+for+Finnish+field+crop+production%2C+which+is+currently+limited+by+the+short+growing+season.+A+warmer+climate+will+extend+the+thermal+growing+season+and+the+physiologically+effective+part+of+it.+Winters+will+also+become+milder%2C+enabling+introduction+of+winter-sown+crops+to+a+greater+extent+than+is+possible+today.+With+this+study+we+aim+to+characterise+the+likely+regional+differences+in+capacity+to+grow+different+seed+producing+crops.+Prolongation+of+the+Finnish+growing+season+was+estimated+using+a+0.5%C2%BA+latitude+%C3%97+0.5%C2%BA+longitude+gridded+dataset+from+the+Finnish+Meteorological+Institute.+The+dataset+comprised+an+average+estimate+from+19+global+climate+models+of+the+response+of+Finnish+climate+to+low+(B1)+and+high+(A2)+scenarios+of+greenhouse+gas+and+aerosol+emissions+for+30-year+periods+centred+on+2025%2C+2055+and+2085+(Intergovernmental+Panel+on+Climate+Change).+Growing+season+temperature+sums+that+suit+crop+growth+and+are+agronomically+feasible+in+Finland+are+anticipated+to+increase+by+some+140+%C2%B0Cd+by+2025%2C+300+%C2%B0Cd+by+2055+and+470+%C2%B0Cd+by+2085+in+scenario+A2%2C+when+averaged+over+regions%2C+and+earlier+sowing+is+expected+to+take+place%2C+but+not+later+harvests.+Accordingly%2C+the+extent+of+cultivable+areas+for+the+commonly+grown+major+and+minor+crops+will+increase+considerably.+Due+to+the+higher+base+temperature+requirement+for+maize+(Zea+mays+L.)+growth+than+for+temperate+crops%2C+we+estimate+that+silage+maize+could+become+a+Finnish+field+crop+for+the+most+favourable+growing+regions+only+at+the+end+of+this+century.+Winters+are+getting+milder%2C+but+it+will+take+almost+the+whole+century+until+winters+such+as+those+that+are+typical+for+southern+Sweden+and+Denmark+are+experienced+on+a+wide+scale+in+Finland.+It+is+possible+that+introduction+of+winter-sown+crops+(cereals+and+rapeseed)+will+represent+major+risks+due+to+fluctuating+winter+conditions%2C+and+this+could+delay+their+adaptation+for+many+decades.+Such+risks+need+to+be+studied+in+more+detail+to+estimate+timing+of+introduction.+Prolonged+physiologically+effective+growing+seasons+would+increase+yielding+capacities+of+major+field+crops.+Of+the+current+minor+crops%2C+oilseed+rape+(Brassica+napus+L.)%2C+winter+wheat+(Triticum+aestivum+L.)%2C+triticale+(X+Triticosecale+Wittmack)%2C+pea+(Pisum+sativum+L.)+and+faba+bean+(Vicia+faba+L.)+are+particularly+strong+candidates+to+become+major+crops.+Moreover%2C+they+have+good+potential+for+industrial+processing+and+are+currently+being+bred.+Realisation+of+increased+yield+potential+requires+adaptation+to+1)+elevated+daily+mean+temperatures+that+interfere+with+development+rate+of+seed+crops+under+long+days%2C+2)+relative+reductions+in+water+availability+at+critical+phases+of+yield+determination%2C+3)+greater+pest+and+disease+pressure%2C+4)+other+uncertainties+caused+by+weather+extremes+and+5)+generally+greater+need+for+inputs+such+as+nitrogen+fertilisers+for+non-nitrogen+fixing+crops.+&rft.publisher=MTT+Agrifood+Research+Finland&rft.date=2009&rft.type=Journal+paper&rft.type=NonPeerReviewed&rft.format=application%2Fpdf&rft.language=en&rft.identifier=%2Fid%2Feprint%2F16978%2F1%2Fpsainio.pdf&rft.identifier=+++Peltonen-Sainio%2C+Pirjo%3B+Jauhiainen%2C+Lauri%3B+Hakala%2C+Kaija+and+Ojanen%2C+Hannu+++(2009)+Climate+change+and+prolongation+of+growing+season%3A+changes+in+regional+potential+for+field+crop+production+in+Finland.+++Agricultural+and+Food+Science%2C+18+(3-4)%2C+pp.+171-190.++++++++