<> "The repository administrator has not yet configured an RDF license."^^ . . "Robotic weed monitoring"^^ . "In this paper, an integrated management system for the planning and activation of a field monitoring task is presented. The architecture of the system is built around a mobile robotic unit. The internet-based architecture of the system includes a station unit that works as a mobile on-farm operating console, the mobile robotic unit and a field server for generating and storing maps. The hypothesis is that it is possible to automate the planning and execution of the operation of monitoring the in-field weed density and species distribution. The developed planning system includes the automatic field geometrical representation and the route planning for the mobile unit. For the field representation two algorithmic approaches for automated track generation were used. For the route planning, a graph-based field coverage algorithm and a discrete gridbased path planning method were used.The low computational requirements of the implemented algorithms make it feasible to adopt a real-time re-planning strategy in which a set of new planning problems are solved based on the latest \r\ninformation. The central part of such a planning, concerns the dynamic re-evaluation of the initial plan for sampling and routing based on the on-line analysis of the samples. This provides the basis for a fully sequential adaptive adjustment of the sampling procedure after each individual sampling. It is expected that such a dynamic targeted sampling and routing system will reduce the overall cost and time consumption of the weed monitoring operation."^^ . "2011" . . . "61" . . "Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section B. Soil and Plant Science"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "M."^^ . "Nørremark"^^ . "M. Nørremark"^^ . . "C.G."^^ . "Sørensen"^^ . "C.G. Sørensen"^^ . . "D.D."^^ . "Bochtis"^^ . "D.D. Bochtis"^^ . . "R.N. "^^ . "Jørgensen"^^ . "R.N. Jørgensen"^^ . . "I.A."^^ . "Hameed"^^ . "I.A. Hameed"^^ . . "K.C."^^ . "Swain"^^ . "K.C. Swain"^^ . . . . . . "Robotic weed monitoring (PDF)"^^ . . . . . . . . . "Robotic weed monitoring (Image (JPEG))"^^ . . . . . . "preview.jpg"^^ . . . "Robotic weed monitoring (Indexer Terms)"^^ . . . . . . "indexcodes.txt"^^ . . "HTML Summary of #20659 \n\nRobotic weed monitoring\n\n" . "text/html" . . . " Weed management"@en . " Beikrautregulierung"@de . . . "Seed mapping of sugar beet to guide weeding robots"^^ . "Individual plant care in agriculture will lead to new opportunities in crop management. Not only the weeding operation is in focus here but it will be more in general for individual chemical or physical treatments of individual weed or crop plants. For the application of fertilizers and chemicals in small dose rates and accurately targeted advanced sensor information e.g. based on spectral responses can be used to consider the individual plant needs ('the speaking plant'). This will have a significant effect on the reduction of inputs and increase the general efficiency rates of agricultural means.\r\nThe objective of this project was to provide high accuracy seed position mapping of a field of sugar beet to allow subsequent physical weeding as inter- and within-row treatments. By knowing where the seeds were placed the assumption was that the plants will show up close by. This information about where the individual plants are can be used to show where the crop rows are. Therefore, this can be used as an appropriate information for guiding tractors and/or implements. At least for steering operations for inter-row weeding this procedure can be sufficient.\r\nA high accurate, cm-level, RTK GPS, optical seed detectors and a data logging system were retrofitted on to a conventional sugar beet precision seeder to map the seeds as they were planted (Nørremark et al., 2003). The average error between the seed map and the actual plant map was between 16 mm and 43 mm depending on vehicle speed and seed spacing (Griepentrog et al., 2003). Both parameters influenced the plant position estimates significantly. The seed spacing was particularly important because of its influence on the potential of seed displacements in the furrow after passing the seed detecting sensors.\r\nThe results showed that the overall accuracy of the estimated plant positions were acceptable for the guidance of vehicles and implements for weeding purposes as well as for individual plant treatments. This research is contributing to the ongoing Danish research project Robotic Weeding as a cooperative research project of The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University (KVL), Frederiksberg and the Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences (DIAS), Horsens."^^ . "2004" . . . . . . . . . . . "Michael"^^ . "Nørremark"^^ . "Michael Nørremark"^^ . . "Hans W."^^ . "Griepentrog"^^ . "Hans W. Griepentrog"^^ . . . . . . "Seed mapping of sugar beet to guide weeding robots (PDF)"^^ . . . "4835.pdf"^^ . . . "Seed mapping of sugar beet to guide weeding robots (Other format)"^^ . . . . . . "indexcodes.txt"^^ . . "HTML Summary of #4835 \n\nSeed mapping of sugar beet to guide weeding robots\n\n" . "text/html" . . . " Weed management"@en . " Beikrautregulierung"@de . . . "Positionering af frø og afgrøderækker med RTK-GPS"^^ . "Mulighederne indenfor præcisionsjordbrug er i de seneste år blevet mangfoldige. Præcisionsjordbrug har hidtil været anvendt på markniveau til graduering af forskellige produktionsmidler. Dette kan have en miljøforbedrende effekt både mht. udvaskning af nærringssalte og pesticider. Det overordnede mål har derved været at forøge effektiviteten af det enkelte produktionsmiddel. I den sammenhæng er det interessant at undersøge mulighederne for at forøge effektiviteten af det enkelte produktionsmiddel ved direkte at tilføre midlet til hver enkel kulturplante. Problemstillingen er derfor at udvikle teknologi, som gør det muligt at positionsbestemme hver enkel kulturplante på en mark."^^ . "2002" . . . "Landbruget Rådgivningscenter, Skejby"^^ . . . "Proceedings"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . "Hans W."^^ . "Griepentrog"^^ . "Hans W. Griepentrog"^^ . . "Michael"^^ . "Nørremark"^^ . "Michael Nørremark"^^ . . . . . . "Positionering af frø og afgrøderækker med RTK-GPS (PDF)"^^ . . . "4833.pdf"^^ . . . "Positionering af frø og afgrøderækker med RTK-GPS (Other format)"^^ . . . . . . "indexcodes.txt"^^ . . "HTML Summary of #4833 \n\nPositionering af frø og afgrøderækker med RTK-GPS\n\n" . "text/html" . . . " Weed management"@en . " Beikrautregulierung"@de . . "Seed Mapping of Sugar Beet"^^ . "Individual plant care may well become embodied in precision farming in the future and will lead to new opportunities in agricultural crop management. The objective of this project was to develop and evaluate a data logging system attached to a precision seeder to enable high accuracy seed position mapping of a field of sugar beet. A Real Time Kinematic Global Positioning System (RTK GPS), optical seed detectors and a data logging system were retrofitted on to a precision seeder to map the seeds as they were planted. The average error between the seed map and the actual plant map was about 16–43 mm depending on vehicle speed and seed spacing. The results showed that the overall accuracy of the estimated plant positions was acceptable for the guidance of vehicles and implements as well as potential individual plant treatments."^^ . "2005-04" . . "6" . "2" . . "Kluwer Academic Publishers"^^ . . . "journal"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Michael"^^ . "Nørremark"^^ . "Michael Nørremark"^^ . . "Hans W."^^ . "Griepentrog"^^ . "Hans W. Griepentrog"^^ . . "John"^^ . "Stafford"^^ . "John Stafford"^^ . . "Henning"^^ . "Nielsen"^^ . "Henning Nielsen"^^ . . "Simon"^^ . "Blackmore"^^ . "Simon Blackmore"^^ . . . . . . "Seed Mapping of Sugar Beet (PDF)"^^ . . . "4831.pdf"^^ . . . "Seed Mapping of Sugar Beet (Other format)"^^ . . . . . . "indexcodes.txt"^^ . . "HTML Summary of #4831 \n\nSeed Mapping of Sugar Beet\n\n" . "text/html" . . . " Weed management"@en . " Beikrautregulierung"@de . . . "Individual plant care in cropping systems"^^ . "Individual plant care cropping systems, embodied in precision farming, may lead to new opportunities in agricultural crop management. The objective of the project was to provide high accuracy seed position mapping of a field of sugar beet. An RTK GPS was retrofitted on to a precision seeder to map the seeds as they were planted. The average error between the seed map and the actual plant map was about 32 mm to 59 mm. The results showed that the overall accuracy of the estimated plant positions is acceptable for the guidance of vehicles and implements. For subsequent individual plant care, the deviations were not, in all cases, small enough to ensure accurate individual plant targeting."^^ . "2003" . . . "Wageningen Academic Publishers"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Hans W."^^ . "Griepentrog"^^ . "Hans W. Griepentrog"^^ . . "Armin"^^ . "Werner"^^ . "Armin Werner"^^ . . "Simon"^^ . "Blackmore"^^ . "Simon Blackmore"^^ . . "Michael"^^ . "Nørremark"^^ . "Michael Nørremark"^^ . . "John"^^ . "Stafford"^^ . "John Stafford"^^ . . "Henning"^^ . "Nielsen"^^ . "Henning Nielsen"^^ . . . . . . "Individual plant care in cropping systems (PDF)"^^ . . . "4836.pdf"^^ . . . "Individual plant care in cropping systems (Other format)"^^ . . . . . . "indexcodes.txt"^^ . . "HTML Summary of #4836 \n\nIndividual plant care in cropping systems\n\n" . "text/html" . . . " Weed management"@en . " Beikrautregulierung"@de . . . "TOLERANCE OF CEREALS TO POST- EMERGENCE WEED HARROWING"^^ . "This study defines crop tolerance to post-emergence weed harrowing as the combined effect of crop resistance and crop recovery. Crop resistance is the ability of the crop to resist soil covering and recovery is the ability to recover in terms of yield. In two experiments, resistance, recovery and tolerance were quantified in barley, oat, wheat and triticale by a new method based on digital image analysis. Important differences in resistance, recovery and tolerance among species were seen and resistance was not linked to recovery. Oat showed higher resistance than wheat, and barley. Triticale showed the lowest resistance. Oat and barley showed both lower ability to recover from soil covering than wheat, and triticale showed complete recovery. Triticale was the most tolerant species followed by wheat, oat and barley. Differences in tolerance caused species dependent crop yield losses in weed-free environments in the range of 0 to 10% for a practical relevant aggressiveness of weed harrowing. "^^ . "2006" . . . "Association française de protection des plantes (AFPP)"^^ . . . "Proceedings from AFPP (on CD-rom)"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Michael"^^ . "Nørremark"^^ . "Michael Nørremark"^^ . . "Jesper"^^ . "Rasmussen"^^ . "Jesper Rasmussen"^^ . . "Hanne"^^ . "Gundersen"^^ . "Hanne Gundersen"^^ . . . . . . "TOLERANCE OF CEREALS TO POST- EMERGENCE WEED HARROWING (PDF)"^^ . . . "8082.pdf"^^ . . . "TOLERANCE OF CEREALS TO POST- EMERGENCE WEED HARROWING (Other format)"^^ . . . . . . "indexcodes.txt"^^ . . "HTML Summary of #8082 \n\nTOLERANCE OF CEREALS TO POST- EMERGENCE WEED HARROWING\n\n" . "text/html" . . . " Weed management"@en . " Beikrautregulierung"@de . . "Automated generation of guidance lines for operational\r\nfield planning"^^ . "A number of advanced satellite positioning based systems for agricultural machines have been developed and are commercial available for aiding and supporting navigation efforts up to full auto-steering. Furthermore, in terms of the route planning for agricultural field operations, advanced methods based on combinatorial optimisation of fieldwork patterns have recently been introduced. In order to apply and implement these methods in the high-level control system of agricultural machines, an appropriate representation of the field as a geometrical entity made up of discrete geometric primitives, such as points, lines, and polygons is needed. Preferably, such a representation must be generated in real-time providing the input to the whole accuracy range of navigation systems as well as the range of operation types, equipment characteristics, and machinery kinematics. Here, a method for real-time generation of field geometrical representation for operational planning is presented. The representation regards simple or complex fields for both convex and non-convex field boundaries, where generated tracks can be straight or curved. As demonstration cases for the method, 15 different field types were evaluated. According to the experimental results, the computational time of the method was in the range of 0.11e239.73 s for the case of single-block fields and in the range of 2.24e402.59 s for multiple-blocks fields. The tested fields were of different shapes and the area ranged from 0.21 ha to 44.93 ha.\r\n"^^ . "2010" . . . "107" . . "Biosystems Engineering"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "I.A. "^^ . "Hameed"^^ . "I.A. Hameed"^^ . . "D.D."^^ . "Bochtis"^^ . "D.D. Bochtis"^^ . . "M."^^ . "Nørremark"^^ . "M. Nørremark"^^ . . "C.G"^^ . "Sørensen"^^ . "C.G Sørensen"^^ . . . . . . "Automated generation of guidance lines for operational\r\nfield planning (PDF)"^^ . . . . . . . . . "Automated generation of guidance lines for operational\r\nfield planning (Image (JPEG))"^^ . . . . . . "Automated generation of guidance lines for operational\r\nfield planning (Indexer Terms)"^^ . . . . . "HTML Summary of #20655 \n\nAutomated generation of guidance lines for operational \nfield planning\n\n" . "text/html" . . . " Weed management"@en . " Beikrautregulierung"@de . . . "Controlled traffic farming increases root growth, crop and soil nitrogen in vegetable cropping systems"^^ . "Results from field trials on sandy and sandy loam of controlled traffic farming"^^ . "2018" . . . . "Proceedings of the 20th Nitrogen Workshop “Coupling C - N - P - S cycles”"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "H. L."^^ . "Kristensen"^^ . "H. L. Kristensen"^^ . . "M."^^ . "Nørremark"^^ . "M. Nørremark"^^ . . "M."^^ . "Hefner"^^ . "M. Hefner"^^ . . "R."^^ . "Labouriau"^^ . "R. Labouriau"^^ . . . . . . "Controlled traffic farming increases root growth, crop and soil nitrogen in vegetable cropping systems (PDF)"^^ . . . "20th+Nitrogen+Workshop_2018_Final+Proceedings(7).pdf"^^ . . . "Controlled traffic farming increases root growth, crop and soil nitrogen in vegetable cropping systems (Other format)"^^ . . . . . . "indexcodes.txt"^^ . . . "Controlled traffic farming increases root growth, crop and soil nitrogen in vegetable cropping systems (PDF)"^^ . . . "20th+Nitrogen+Workshop_2018_Final+Proceedings_pp461_462.pdf"^^ . . . "Controlled traffic farming increases root growth, crop and soil nitrogen in vegetable cropping systems (Other format)"^^ . . . . . . "indexcodes.txt"^^ . . "HTML Summary of #35459 \n\nControlled traffic farming increases root growth, crop and soil nitrogen in vegetable cropping systems\n\n" . "text/html" . . . " Soil quality"@en . " Bodenqualität"@de . . . " Crop combinations and interactions"@en . " Fruchtfolge, Zwischensaaten, Mischkultur"@de . . . " Nutrient turnover"@en . " Nährstoffumsatz"@de . . . " Soil tillage"@en . " Bodenbearbeitung"@de . . . " Air and water emissions"@en . " Emission in Luft und Wasser"@de . . . " Vegetables"@en . " Gemüse"@de . . . " Root crops"@en . " Hackfrüchte"@de . . "Controlled traffic farming increased crop yield, root growth, and nitrogen supply at two organic vegetable farms"^^ . "Increased farm machinery weight in agricultural production results in soil compaction. Controlled traffic farming (CTF) restricts traffic to permanent lanes, thereby creating traffic free beds for crop production. Field experiments were conducted at two organic vegetable farms in Denmark, on a sandy loam (2013–2016) and on coarse sand (2013–2015) to investigate CTF effects compared with random traffic farming (RTF) on vegetable yield, root growth, and soil mineral nitrogen (N). Root growth was measured using minirhizotrons. White cabbage, potato, and beetroot yield increased by 27%, 70% and 42%, respectively, in CTF compared with RTF in 2015 and winter squash indicated a yield increase of 43% on sandy loam in 2016. White cabbage (2015) and potato, beetroot and winter squash (2016) grew 2–25 times more roots and beetroot grew deeper roots under CTF compared with RTF on sandy loam in 2016. On coarse sandy soil, beetroot root frequency was 1.4 times greater under CTF than under RTF and beetroot roots grew deeper than 1.5 m under both treatments in 2015. Soil mineral N and potential net N mineralization were equal between treatments or higher in CTF by 2–41 kg ha−1 and 11 mg kg−1 35 days−1, respectively, indicating N supply was maintained or increased in this system. Despite the variability in crop and root growth responses to traffic between years and crops, the effects were always equal or positive for CTF following treatment implementation. Therefore, our results encourage the use of CTF for organic vegetable production under temperate conditions."^^ . "2019-04-09" . . . "191" . . "Soil & Tillage Research"^^ . . . "01671987" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "M."^^ . "Hefner"^^ . "M. Hefner"^^ . . "Michael"^^ . "Nørremark"^^ . "Michael Nørremark"^^ . . "R."^^ . "Labouriau"^^ . "R. Labouriau"^^ . . "Hanne Lakkenborg"^^ . "Kristensen"^^ . "Hanne Lakkenborg Kristensen"^^ . . . . . . "Controlled traffic farming increased crop yield, root growth, and nitrogen supply at two organic vegetable farms (PDF)"^^ . . . "Hefner et al 2019 Controlled traffic farming.pdf"^^ . . . "Controlled traffic farming increased crop yield, root growth, and nitrogen supply at two organic vegetable farms (Other format)"^^ . . . . . . "indexcodes.txt"^^ . . "HTML Summary of #35456 \n\nControlled traffic farming increased crop yield, root growth, and nitrogen supply at two organic vegetable farms\n\n" . "text/html" . . . " Soil quality"@en . " Bodenqualität"@de . . . " Crop combinations and interactions"@en . " Fruchtfolge, Zwischensaaten, Mischkultur"@de . . . " Nutrient turnover"@en . " Nährstoffumsatz"@de . . . " Soil tillage"@en . " Bodenbearbeitung"@de . . . " Air and water emissions"@en . " Emission in Luft und Wasser"@de . . . " Vegetables"@en . " Gemüse"@de . . . " Root crops"@en . " Hackfrüchte"@de . . . "Das Konzept des \"controlled traffic farming\" im ökologischen Gemüseanbau"^^ . "Problems of machinery induced soil compaction are evident in organic vegetable production, resulting in stunted root growth and reduced yield. Controlled traffic farming (CTF) provides a possibility to restrict soil compaction to wheel tracks and create traffic-free vegetable beds with improved soil structure. A field experiment was established at a commercial organic vegetable farm in Denmark to investigate the effect of CTF on the growth of cabbage (Brassica oleracea), potato (Solanum tuberosum) and beetroot (Beta vulgaris). Random traffic farming (RTF) served as the\r\ncontrol. Preliminary results show that root intensity was higher in the CTF treatment compared to the RTF treatment for cabbage at the end of the growing season, indicating a better soil structure in this system. Crop yields were 23 to 70% higher in all three investigated crops in the CTF treatments. These results point towards the potential to increase the use of the CTF system in organic vegetable production."^^ . "2017" . . . "Verlag Dr. Köster, Berlin"^^ . . "Verlag Dr. Köster, Berlin"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Hans Jürgen"^^ . "Reents"^^ . "Hans Jürgen Reents"^^ . . "Hauke"^^ . "Heuwinkel"^^ . "Hauke Heuwinkel"^^ . . "Klaus"^^ . "Wiesinger"^^ . "Klaus Wiesinger"^^ . . "Sebastian"^^ . "Wolfrum"^^ . "Sebastian Wolfrum"^^ . . "Michael"^^ . "Nørremark"^^ . "Michael Nørremark"^^ . . "Kurt-Jürgen"^^ . "Hülsbergen"^^ . "Kurt-Jürgen Hülsbergen"^^ . . "M."^^ . "Hefner"^^ . "M. Hefner"^^ . . "Hanne L."^^ . "Kristensen"^^ . "Hanne L. Kristensen"^^ . . . . . . "Das Konzept des \"controlled traffic farming\" im ökologischen Gemüseanbau (PDF)"^^ . . . "Das Konzept des „controlled traffic farming“ im.pdf"^^ . . . "Das Konzept des \"controlled traffic farming\" im ökologischen Gemüseanbau (Other format)"^^ . . . . . . "lightbox.jpg"^^ . . . "Das Konzept des \"controlled traffic farming\" im ökologischen Gemüseanbau (Other format)"^^ . . . . . . "preview.jpg"^^ . . . "Das Konzept des \"controlled traffic farming\" im ökologischen Gemüseanbau (Other format)"^^ . . . . . . "medium.jpg"^^ . . . "Das Konzept des \"controlled traffic farming\" im ökologischen Gemüseanbau (Other format)"^^ . . . . . . "small.jpg"^^ . . . "Das Konzept des \"controlled traffic farming\" im ökologischen Gemüseanbau (Other format)"^^ . . . . . . "indexcodes.txt"^^ . . "HTML Summary of #31850 \n\nDas Konzept des \"controlled traffic farming\" im ökologischen Gemüseanbau\n\n" . "text/html" . . . " Vegetables"@en . " Gemüse"@de . . . " Buildings and machinery"@en . " Gebäude und Maschinen"@de . . "Utilising scripting language for unmanned and automated guided vehicles operating within row crops"^^ . "A flexible high-level control language is an important element in the ongoing task of introducing automated guided vehicles (AGV) to new application domains. A new application domain is row crops, where small AGV’s will perform weed control around individual crop plants. This paper defines the requirements and scope of a process- and behaviour-based scripting language needed to control the weeding AGV in an agricultural row crop. The goal is to traverse and cover the whole field with no human auxiliary input during the field operation. The basis is the transparent and tactical real-time control language (CL) for small mobile robots (SMR). This SMR-CL has been modified to include some necessary motion commands and a supplemental supervisory function to monitor and record the progressive coverage of the field. The control language was then tested by applying it to a scenario representing typical field conditions for row crops. The construction of a suitable SMR-CL script for use in a field clearly demonstrates the feasibility of adapting behaviour-based control systems to field structures. The conducted case study indicated the importance of including goal-directing modules. Such a module is described here as the ‘supervisory field coverage monitor’ (SFCM), which acts to coordinate the behaviours. The applicability of this modified SMR-CL has been successfully demonstrated using a vehicle test in a specially designed artificial row crop field. The analysis of the operational performance verified that it is possible to cover all rows in a field without conducting time-consuming planning procedures."^^ . "2008" . . "62" . . "Computers and electronics in agriculture"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Michael"^^ . "Nørremark"^^ . "Michael Nørremark"^^ . . "Nils Axel"^^ . "Andersen"^^ . "Nils Axel Andersen"^^ . . "Claus G."^^ . "Sørensen"^^ . "Claus G. Sørensen"^^ . . "Rasmus N."^^ . "Jørgensen"^^ . "Rasmus N. Jørgensen"^^ . . . . . . "Utilising scripting language for unmanned and automated guided vehicles operating within row crops (PDF)"^^ . . . "Utilising scripting language for unmanned and automated guided vehicles operating within row crops (Other format)"^^ . . . . . "HTML Summary of #14800 \n\nUtilising scripting language for unmanned and automated guided vehicles operating within row crops\n\n" . "text/html" . . . " Weed management"@en . " Beikrautregulierung"@de . . . "New optimized technique for mechanical control of Elymus repens"^^ . "Elymus repens (coach grass) is traditionally controlled by repeated and prolonged stubble cultivation. However, the efficacy is strongly depending on weather and secondly on the exposure of rhizomes. The shorter the required period of cultivation stays the more compliance with the objective in organic farming where farmers aim at minimizing leaching of nutrients by keeping the soil plant-covered during autumn and winter.\r\nEffective technique and strategies for uprooting, exposing and destroying Elymus repens are needed. In a Danish organic research project the focus is on technological solutions for uprooting, exposing and destroying of the rhizomes within a short time span. Machines of standard type, modified machines and machines constructed for other purposes have been studied. \r\nThe results show that it is difficult to achieve a high percentage of uprooting when using machines giving a high area capacity, e.g. spring loaded tine cultivator and rigid tine cultivator with modified spike discs at the rear.\r\n"^^ . "2010-09-06" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Erik Fløjgaard"^^ . "Kristensen"^^ . "Erik Fløjgaard Kristensen"^^ . . "Bo"^^ . "Melander"^^ . "Bo Melander"^^ . . "Michael"^^ . "Nørremark"^^ . "Michael Nørremark"^^ . . . . . . "New optimized technique for mechanical control of Elymus repens (PDF)"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . "18343.pdf"^^ . . . "New optimized technique for mechanical control of Elymus repens (Image (JPEG))"^^ . . . . . . "preview.jpg"^^ . . . "New optimized technique for mechanical control of Elymus repens (Indexer Terms)"^^ . . . . . . "indexcodes.txt"^^ . . . "New optimized technique for mechanical control of Elymus repens (PDF)"^^ . . . . . . . . . . "18343a.pdf"^^ . . . "New optimized technique for mechanical control of Elymus repens (Image (JPEG))"^^ . . . . . . "preview.jpg"^^ . . . "New optimized technique for mechanical control of Elymus repens (Indexer Terms)"^^ . . . . . . "indexcodes.txt"^^ . . "HTML Summary of #18343 \n\nNew optimized technique for mechanical control of Elymus repens\n\n" . "text/html" . . . " Weed management"@en . " Beikrautregulierung"@de . . "Fjern kvikudløbere og overvej kompostering"^^ . "This article deals with aspects of destructing Elytrigia repens rhizomes after they have been uprooted and exposed on the soil surface. Removal from the field is the best practical option at present. Mechanical crushing may become possible in a few years time to erase their sprouting ability and with the prospects of reurning nutrients to the soil. "^^ . "2010-10-01" . . . "Landbrugsavisen"^^ . . . . . . . . . . "M."^^ . "Nørremark"^^ . "M. Nørremark"^^ . . "B."^^ . "Melander"^^ . "B. Melander"^^ . . . . . . "Fjern kvikudløbere og overvej kompostering (PDF)"^^ . . . . . . . . . "17902.pdf"^^ . . . "Fjern kvikudløbere og overvej kompostering (Image (JPEG))"^^ . . . . . . "preview.jpg"^^ . . . "Fjern kvikudløbere og overvej kompostering (Indexer Terms)"^^ . . . . . . "indexcodes.txt"^^ . . "HTML Summary of #17902 \n\nFjern kvikudløbere og overvej kompostering\n\n" . "text/html" . . . " Weed management"@en . " Beikrautregulierung"@de . . "Combining mechanical rhizome removal and cover crops for E lytrigia repens control in organic barley systems"^^ . "The control of perennial weeds in organic crop production needs reconsideration to minimise losses of nutrients through leaching. Long post-harvest periods with mechanical weed control hinder a plant cover with the purpose of taking up nutrients not being utilised by the main crop to maintain soil fertility. To meet the interests of nutrient and weed management, we suggest a new concept for the control of perennial weeds with propagules placed within the plough layer. The concept comprises uprooting and immediate removal of Elytrigia repens rhizomes with modified machinery to allow for a quick re-establishment of a plant cover to avoid longer periods of bare soil. Four passes with a modified cultivator where each pass was followed by rhizome removal and finally catch crop growing reduced E. repens shoot growth in a subsequent spring barley crop by 84 and 97%, respectively, in two field experiments on a sandy soil. Small remains of rhizomes in the soil following uprooting did not result in a higher shoot production rate than larger residuals as otherwise hypothesised. For the further development of the concept, we suggest focusing on lifting principles known from potato harvesters as effective uprooting and removal might be achieved with fewer passes."^^ . "2012-11-14" . . . "53" . "6" . . "Weed Research"^^ . . . "00431737" . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Bo"^^ . "Melander"^^ . "Bo Melander"^^ . . "Erik"^^ . "Fløjgaard"^^ . "Erik Fløjgaard"^^ . . "Michael"^^ . "Nørremark"^^ . "Michael Nørremark"^^ . . . . . . "Combining mechanical rhizome removal and cover crops for E lytrigia repens control in organic barley systems (PDF)"^^ . . . "Weed Research - 2013 - Melander - Combining mechanical rhizome removal and cover crops for Elytrigia repens control in.pdf"^^ . . . "Combining mechanical rhizome removal and cover crops for E lytrigia repens control in organic barley systems (Other format)"^^ . . . . . . "indexcodes.txt"^^ . . "HTML Summary of #43746 \n\nCombining mechanical rhizome removal and cover crops for E lytrigia repens control in organic barley systems\n\n" . "text/html" . . . " Weed management"@en . " Beikrautregulierung"@de . . . "Exposure and destruction of Elymus repens rhizomes and Rumex crispus rootstocks\r\n"^^ . "The paper summaries the latest achievements with the development of new technologies for uprooting and destroying vegetative propagules of Elytrigia repens and Rumex crispus "^^ . "2008-11" . . . "EWRS"^^ . . . "Perennial Weeds - A growing problem"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Erik"^^ . "Fløjgaard"^^ . "Erik Fløjgaard"^^ . . "Bo"^^ . "Melander"^^ . "Bo Melander"^^ . . "Michael"^^ . "Nørremark"^^ . "Michael Nørremark"^^ . . . . . . "Exposure and destruction of Elymus repens rhizomes and Rumex crispus rootstocks\r\n (PDF)"^^ . . . . . . . . . "16209.pdf"^^ . . . "Exposure and destruction of Elymus repens rhizomes and Rumex crispus rootstocks\r\n (Indexer Terms)"^^ . . . . . . "indexcodes.txt"^^ . . . "Exposure and destruction of Elymus repens rhizomes and Rumex crispus rootstocks\r\n (Image (JPEG))"^^ . . . . . . "preview.jpg"^^ . . "HTML Summary of #16209 \n\nExposure and destruction of Elymus repens rhizomes and Rumex crispus rootstocks \n\n\n" . "text/html" . . . " Weed management"@en . " Beikrautregulierung"@de . . "Kvik skal op og væk"^^ . "The article deals with previous results with the ability of different implements to uproot Elytrigia repens rhizomes."^^ . "2008-11-14" . . . "Økologisk Jordbrug"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Michael"^^ . "Nørremark"^^ . "Michael Nørremark"^^ . . "Erik Fløjgaard"^^ . "Kristensen"^^ . "Erik Fløjgaard Kristensen"^^ . . "Bo"^^ . "Melander"^^ . "Bo Melander"^^ . . . . . . "Kvik skal op og væk (PDF)"^^ . . . . . . . . . "16213.pdf"^^ . . . "Kvik skal op og væk (Indexer Terms)"^^ . . . . . . "indexcodes.txt"^^ . . . "Kvik skal op og væk (Image (JPEG))"^^ . . . . . . "preview.jpg"^^ . . "HTML Summary of #16213 \n\nKvik skal op og væk\n\n" . "text/html" . . . " Weed management"@en . " Beikrautregulierung"@de . . "Physical destruction of the sprouting ability of Elytrigia\r\nrepens rhizome buds"^^ . "Traditional strategies for controlling Elytrigia repens infestations in organic cropping in Scandinavia are based on repeated post-harvest cultivation. However, post-harvest tillage is undesirable due to the need for retaining nutrients in the cropping systems. There is a need to look \r\nfor solutions where E. repens can be controlled over a short duration to allow replanting of the soil. \r\nA Danish project is investigating new technologies that can meet such requirements. One aspect is to look for methods that physically can destruct the sprouting ability of E. repens rhizome buds. We investigated the effect of heating using hot water and mechanical crushing by pressure on the \r\nsprouting ability of exposed rhizome buds. The effect of temperatures < 70oC on the sprouting ability was inversely related to exposure time while 70oC or more gave a complete bud kill irrespective of heat duration. A sigmoid function described the relationship between sprouting ability and increasing pressure with a complete bud kill attained at 10 Newton per mm rhizome length. Neither rhizome ecotype or rhizome length influenced the relationship when pressures\r\nproduced a bud kill of agronomic interest (>70% control). According to energy calculations made, crushing rhizome buds appears far more promising than thermal destruction."^^ . "2011-10-15" . . . "51" . . "Weed Research"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "B."^^ . "Melander"^^ . "B. Melander"^^ . . "E.F."^^ . "Kristensen "^^ . "E.F. Kristensen "^^ . . "K."^^ . "Kristensen"^^ . "K. Kristensen"^^ . . "J.K."^^ . "Kristensen"^^ . "J.K. Kristensen"^^ . . "M."^^ . "Nørremark"^^ . "M. Nørremark"^^ . . "S.K."^^ . "Mathiassen"^^ . "S.K. Mathiassen"^^ . . . . . . "Physical destruction of the sprouting ability of Elytrigia\r\nrepens rhizome buds (PDF)"^^ . . . . . . . . . "Physical destruction of the sprouting ability of Elytrigia\r\nrepens rhizome buds (PDF)"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . "Physical destruction of the sprouting ability of Elytrigia\r\nrepens rhizome buds (Image (JPEG))"^^ . . . . . . "preview.jpg"^^ . . . "Physical destruction of the sprouting ability of Elytrigia\r\nrepens rhizome buds (Image (JPEG))"^^ . . . . . . "preview.jpg"^^ . . . "Physical destruction of the sprouting ability of Elytrigia\r\nrepens rhizome buds (Indexer Terms)"^^ . . . . . . "indexcodes.txt"^^ . . . "Physical destruction of the sprouting ability of Elytrigia\r\nrepens rhizome buds (Indexer Terms)"^^ . . . . . . "indexcodes.txt"^^ . . "HTML Summary of #20606 \n\nPhysical destruction of the sprouting ability of Elytrigia \nrepens rhizome buds\n\n" . "text/html" . . . " Weed management"@en . " Beikrautregulierung"@de . . "Combining mechanical rhizome removal and cover crops for Elytrigia repens control in organic barley systems"^^ . "Mechanical weed control of perennial weeds in organic crop production over long post-harvest periods is incompatible with the establishment of cover crops for improving soil quality and preventing nutrient leaching. We suggest a new concept that comprises uprooting and immediate removal of vegetative propagules located within the plough layer to allow for quick re-establishment of a plant cover. A field experiment comparing the effects of conventional practices (stubble cultivation) with different combinations of rotary cultivation (1, 2 or 4 passes) and cover crops (none vs rye-vetch-mustard mixture) on Elytrigia repens rhizome removal, shoot growth and suppression of a subsequent barley crop were examined in two growing seasons. Four passes with a modified rotary cultivator where each pass was followed by rhizome removal reduced E. repens shoot growth in barley by 84 and 97%. In general, the cover crop developed poorly and did not affect barley or E. repens. Barley yield was only affected by treatments in the first season, where yield was negatively correlated with E. repens shoot biomass. The concept has potential for the control of severe E. repens infestations but future research aimed at identifying more effective smother crops and less intensive methods of rhizome removal is needed. "^^ . "2013-12" . . "53" . "6" . . "Weed Research"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Bo"^^ . "Melander"^^ . "Bo Melander"^^ . . "Michael"^^ . "Nørremark"^^ . "Michael Nørremark"^^ . . "E.F."^^ . "Kristensen"^^ . "E.F. Kristensen"^^ . . . . . . "Combining mechanical rhizome removal and cover crops for Elytrigia repens control in organic barley systems (PDF)"^^ . . . . . "Combining mechanical rhizome removal and cover crops for Elytrigia repens control in organic barley systems (Other format)"^^ . . . . . . "Combining mechanical rhizome removal and cover crops for Elytrigia repens control in organic barley systems (Other format)"^^ . . . . . . "Combining mechanical rhizome removal and cover crops for Elytrigia repens control in organic barley systems (Other format)"^^ . . . . . . "Combining mechanical rhizome removal and cover crops for Elytrigia repens control in organic barley systems (Other format)"^^ . . . . . . "Combining mechanical rhizome removal and cover crops for Elytrigia repens control in organic barley systems (Other format)"^^ . . . . . "HTML Summary of #25676 \n\nCombining mechanical rhizome removal and cover crops for Elytrigia repens control in organic barley systems\n\n" . "text/html" . . . " Crop husbandry"@en . "Pflanzenbau"@de . . . " Weed management"@en . " Beikrautregulierung"@de . . . "Analysis and Definition of the close-to-crop Area in Relation to Robotic Weeding"^^ . "The objective of this paper is to analyse and define the field conditions close to the crop plants of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.). The aim is to use this study for the choice and development of new physical weeding methods to target weeds at individual plant scale level. It was found that the close to crop area is like a ring structure, comprising an area between an inner- and outer-circle around the sugar beet seedling. Physical weeding should not be applied to the area within the inner circle.\r\nThe radius of the inner circle increases with the appearance of young beet leaves during the growth season. It was also found, that no weeds were germinating within 1 cm around individual sugar beet seedlings. Therefore this distance should be added to the radius of the inner circle. The space between the inner and outer circle is termed the close to crop area where physical weeding should be applied. The size of this area is defined by the developmental stage of the sugar beet fibrous root system and foliage. Thus, the determination of the growth stage of individual crop plants is necessary before any physical weeding can take place in the close to crop area.\r\nUprooting, cutting between stem and root or damage of main shoot can do the physical control of most weed species located in the close to crop area. However, the targeting of weeds from above and from different angels above ground is limited in the close to crop area. This is caused by the fact that sugar beet leaves do not leave much space between leaves and ground and that our own study indicate that 26.4% of sugar beet plants at the 4-6 leaf stage are covering the main shoot of weeds. The most problematic weeds are the species, which have their main shoot and leaves located close to ground level. These species can either be controlled by damage of the main shoot or with a combination of shallow surface cutting and burial.\r\nDiscrimination between weed species is beneficial under certain circumstances. First, the efficiency of the physical control of individual weed species is depending on the timing. Secondly some weeds species do not have significant negative impact on the yield, but instead leaving these species uncontrolled could benefit to an increased bio-diversity and reduced time and energy input for a physical weeding process. This paper is contributing to the ongoing Danish research project Robotic Weeding."^^ . "2004" . . . . . . . . . . . "Hans W."^^ . "Griepentrog"^^ . "Hans W. Griepentrog"^^ . . "Michael"^^ . "Nørremark"^^ . "Michael Nørremark"^^ . . . . . . "Analysis and Definition of the close-to-crop Area in Relation to Robotic Weeding (PDF)"^^ . . . "4834.pdf"^^ . . . "Analysis and Definition of the close-to-crop Area in Relation to Robotic Weeding (Other format)"^^ . . . . . . "indexcodes.txt"^^ . . "HTML Summary of #4834 \n\nAnalysis and Definition of the close-to-crop Area in Relation to Robotic Weeding\n\n" . "text/html" . . . " Weed management"@en . " Beikrautregulierung"@de . . "Den digitale mark"^^ . "Moderne og yderst præcis teknologi i jordbruget kan på sigt spare landmænd for at bruge unødvendigt store mængder pesticider. Ved hjælp af centimeterpræcis GPS-teknologi kombineret med digitale og optiske sensorer er det nu muligt at kortlægge de såede frø på en hel mark."^^ . "2003-07" . . "15" . . "KVL"^^ . . . "magazine"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . "Hans W."^^ . "Griepentrog"^^ . "Hans W. Griepentrog"^^ . . "Michael"^^ . "Nørremark"^^ . "Michael Nørremark"^^ . . . . . . "Den digitale mark (PDF)"^^ . . . "4832.pdf"^^ . . . "Den digitale mark (Other format)"^^ . . . . . . "indexcodes.txt"^^ . . "HTML Summary of #4832 \n\nDen digitale mark\n\n" . "text/html" . . . " Weed management"@en . " Beikrautregulierung"@de . . . "A method for high accuracy geo-referencing of data from field operations"^^ . "In this project a Real Time Kinematic Global Position System (RTKGPS) was used to provide high accuracy field operation data. The deviations and errors of the RTKGPS when used in static and dynamic modes were studied as well as the accuracy of RTK GPS in eastern Denmark (55 40 N, 12 18 E) during a 24-hour test. The project introduced a novel real time data acquisition system and post-processing algorithms for improving positioning by merging RTKGPS data with vehicle altitude."^^ . "2003" . . . "Wageningen Academic Publishers"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Michael"^^ . "Nørremark"^^ . "Michael Nørremark"^^ . . "Hans W."^^ . "Griepentrog"^^ . "Hans W. Griepentrog"^^ . . "Armin"^^ . "Werner"^^ . "Armin Werner"^^ . . "John"^^ . "Stafford"^^ . "John Stafford"^^ . . . . . . "A method for high accuracy geo-referencing of data from field operations (PDF)"^^ . . . "4837.pdf"^^ . . . "A method for high accuracy geo-referencing of data from field operations (Other format)"^^ . . . . . . "indexcodes.txt"^^ . . "HTML Summary of #4837 \n\nA method for high accuracy geo-referencing of data from field operations\n\n" . "text/html" . . . " Weed management"@en . " Beikrautregulierung"@de . . "Automatiske redskaber til ukrudtsbekæmpelse"^^ . "New technologies for automatic weed control in row crops are presented"^^ . "2009-08-07" . . . "Økologisk Jordbrug"^^ . . . . . . . . . . "Michael"^^ . "Nørremark"^^ . "Michael Nørremark"^^ . . "Bo"^^ . "Melander"^^ . "Bo Melander"^^ . . . . . . "Automatiske redskaber til ukrudtsbekæmpelse (PDF)"^^ . . . . . . . . . "16221.pdf"^^ . . . "Automatiske redskaber til ukrudtsbekæmpelse (Indexer Terms)"^^ . . . . . . "indexcodes.txt"^^ . . . "Automatiske redskaber til ukrudtsbekæmpelse (Image (JPEG))"^^ . . . . . . "preview.jpg"^^ . . "HTML Summary of #16221 \n\nAutomatiske redskaber til ukrudtsbekæmpelse\n\n" . "text/html" . . . " Weed management"@en . " Beikrautregulierung"@de . . "Udvikling af automatiske redskaber til fysisk \r\nukrudtsbekæmpelse\r\n"^^ . "Automatiske redskaber til fysisk ukrudtsbekæmpelse,\r\nsom fjerner ukrudt meget tæt på\r\nafgrødeplanten, er under udvikling. De mest\r\nlovende redskabsløsninger foretager præcis\r\njordbehandling samt termisk ukrudtsbekæmpelse\r\nved hjælp af pulsede laserapparater"^^ . "2009-03" . . . "ICROFS"^^ . . . "ICROFS Nyt"^^ . . . . . . . . . . "Bo"^^ . "Melander"^^ . "Bo Melander"^^ . . "Michael"^^ . "Nørremark"^^ . "Michael Nørremark"^^ . . . . . . "Udvikling af automatiske redskaber til fysisk \r\nukrudtsbekæmpelse\r\n (PDF)"^^ . . . . . . . . . "16208.pdf"^^ . . . "Udvikling af automatiske redskaber til fysisk \r\nukrudtsbekæmpelse\r\n (Indexer Terms)"^^ . . . . . . "indexcodes.txt"^^ . . . "Udvikling af automatiske redskaber til fysisk \r\nukrudtsbekæmpelse\r\n (Image (JPEG))"^^ . . . . . . "preview.jpg"^^ . . "HTML Summary of #16208 \n\nUdvikling af automatiske redskaber til fysisk \nukrudtsbekæmpelse \n\n\n" . "text/html" . . . " Weed management"@en . " Beikrautregulierung"@de . . "Development of tools for automated physical weed \r\ncontrol\r\n"^^ . "Tools are being developed for automated physical\r\nweed control in the close to crop area.\r\nThe most promising weed control concepts\r\nare the so-called high precision tillage solutions\r\nand thermal weed control by pulsed\r\nlasers."^^ . "2009-02" . . . "ICROFS"^^ . . . "ICROF’s news"^^ . . . . . . . . . . "Michael"^^ . "Nørremark"^^ . "Michael Nørremark"^^ . . "Bo"^^ . "Melander"^^ . "Bo Melander"^^ . . . . . . "Development of tools for automated physical weed \r\ncontrol\r\n (PDF)"^^ . . . . . . . . . "16206.pdf"^^ . . . "Development of tools for automated physical weed \r\ncontrol\r\n (Indexer Terms)"^^ . . . . . . "indexcodes.txt"^^ . . . "Development of tools for automated physical weed \r\ncontrol\r\n (Image (JPEG))"^^ . . . . . . "preview.jpg"^^ . . "HTML Summary of #16206 \n\nDevelopment of tools for automated physical weed \ncontrol \n\n\n" . "text/html" . . . " Weed management"@en . " Beikrautregulierung"@de . . "Simulation and control parameter estimation of a permanent\r\nmagnet tubular linear synchronous motor for tool guidance\r\naround crop plants"^^ . "Accurate, fast and high precision tool guidance is an important capability for certain field operations such as mechanical weed control close to crop plants. This paper presents mathematical modelling and instrumentation suggestions for actuator driven tine control for close to crop mechanical weed control. An electro side shifting actuator for tool attachment was designed in AutoCAD and validated by modelling in MatLab/Simulink. Variations to \r\nload force, forward speed, plant spacing and voltage level similar to real conditions were used to verify the modelling of the side shifting system. The simulation verified that the selected permanent magnet tubular linear synchronous motor (PMTLSM) could side shift attached tools without interaction with the desired untreated zone around individual crop plants under field comparable conditions. This paper also presents a direct thrust force control (DTFC) approach for controlling the PMTLSM. The tool guidance design, selected PMTLSM and control strategy showed the potential for further construction into a novel implement for high accurate and fast intra-row mechanical and/or physical weed control. "^^ . "2012" . . "x" . "x" . . "International Journal of Control, Automation and Systems"^^ . . . "15986446" . . . . . . . . . . . . . "P."^^ . "Ponomarev"^^ . "P. Ponomarev"^^ . . "M."^^ . "Nørremark"^^ . "M. Nørremark"^^ . . "M."^^ . "Niemelä"^^ . "M. Niemelä"^^ . . . . . . "Simulation and control parameter estimation of a permanent\r\nmagnet tubular linear synchronous motor for tool guidance\r\naround crop plants (PDF)"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . "Simulation and control parameter estimation of a permanent\r\nmagnet tubular linear synchronous motor for tool guidance\r\naround crop plants (Image (JPEG))"^^ . . . . . . "preview.jpg"^^ . . . "Simulation and control parameter estimation of a permanent\r\nmagnet tubular linear synchronous motor for tool guidance\r\naround crop plants (Indexer Terms)"^^ . . . . . . "indexcodes.txt"^^ . . "HTML Summary of #20684 \n\nSimulation and control parameter estimation of a permanent \nmagnet tubular linear synchronous motor for tool guidance \naround crop plants\n\n" . "text/html" . . . " Buildings and machinery"@en . " Gebäude und Maschinen"@de . . . "Advanced Non-Chemical and Close to Plant Weed Control system for Organic Agriculture"^^ . "Use of chemical has been reduced in agriculture for controlling weeds emergence. The use of alternative systems, such as cultural practices (mulching, flame, intercropping etc.) and mechanical system (hoe, tine etc.) has been introduced by various researchers. Automation technique based on sensors controlled system has enhanced the efficiency of the mechanical system for weed control. Mostly, low cost image acquisition sensors and optical sensor to detect the plant ensuring swift operation of vehicles close the crop plants to remove competitive weeds. The available system need to be evaluated to get best possible system for close to plant (CTP) weed removal. In the study various non-chemical weed control measures has been explored and 30 mechanical tools for CTP were evaluated. High precision tillage solutions and thermal weed control by pulsed lasers for eradication of stem or main shoot were found to be the most promising weed control concepts for CTP operation."^^ . "2009" . . . "Proceedings of the conference 'Role of agricultural engineering in advent of changing global landscape' "^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Kishore"^^ . "Swain"^^ . "Kishore Swain"^^ . . "V.M. "^^ . "Salokhe"^^ . "V.M. Salokhe"^^ . . "Bo"^^ . "Melander"^^ . "Bo Melander"^^ . . "Michael"^^ . "Nørremark"^^ . "Michael Nørremark"^^ . . "P."^^ . "Soni"^^ . "P. Soni"^^ . . . . . . "Advanced Non-Chemical and Close to Plant Weed Control system for Organic Agriculture (PDF)"^^ . . . . . . . . . "20656.pdf"^^ . . . "Advanced Non-Chemical and Close to Plant Weed Control system for Organic Agriculture (Image (JPEG))"^^ . . . . . . "preview.jpg"^^ . . . "Advanced Non-Chemical and Close to Plant Weed Control system for Organic Agriculture (Indexer Terms)"^^ . . . . . . "indexcodes.txt"^^ . . "HTML Summary of #20656 \n\nAdvanced Non-Chemical and Close to Plant Weed Control system for Organic Agriculture\n\n" . "text/html" . . . " Weed management"@en . " Beikrautregulierung"@de . . "På vej mod den intelligente ukrudtsharve"^^ . "En ukrudtsharve, der automatisk indstiller sig efter bekæmpelsesbehovet, er ikke længere en urealistisk fremtidsdrøm. Teknikken eksisterer, og om ganske få år vil vi se den brugt i forbindelse med marksprøjter. I de senere år har vi arbejdet på at udvikle de beslutningsstøttemodeller, som den automatiske harve skal bruge, og vi har udviklet et billedbehandlingsprogram, som bruges til at bestemme harvningens umiddelbare effekt på afgrøden. Programmet har flere anvendelsesmuligheder og kan bruges af alle."^^ . "2009" . . "1" . . "Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet (SLU)"^^ . . . "Forskningsnytt om økologisk landbruk i Norden"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . "Michael"^^ . "Nørremark"^^ . "Michael Nørremark"^^ . . "Jesper"^^ . "Rasmussen"^^ . "Jesper Rasmussen"^^ . . . . . . "På vej mod den intelligente ukrudtsharve (PDF)"^^ . . . "15707.pdf"^^ . . . "På vej mod den intelligente ukrudtsharve (Other format)"^^ . . . . . . "indexcodes.txt"^^ . . "HTML Summary of #15707 \n\nPå vej mod den intelligente ukrudtsharve\n\n" . "text/html" . . . " Weed management"@en . " Beikrautregulierung"@de . . "Forskning i ukrudtsharvning får nyt liv med digital billedbehandling\r\n"^^ . "Digital billedbehandling udfylder et metodemæssigt tomrum i forhold til ukrudtsharvning. Med udvikling af en ny billedbehandlingsprocedure er det ikke længere nødvendigt at anvende visuelle bedømmelser af afgrødetildækningen ved ukrudtsharvning. Artiklen giver eksempler på hvordan digital billedbehandling kan anvnedes. \r\n"^^ . "2007-03" . . . "FØJOenyt"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . "Jesper"^^ . "Rasmussen"^^ . "Jesper Rasmussen"^^ . . "Michael"^^ . "Nørremark"^^ . "Michael Nørremark"^^ . . . . . . "Forskning i ukrudtsharvning får nyt liv med digital billedbehandling\r\n (PDF)"^^ . . . "10694.pdf"^^ . . . "Forskning i ukrudtsharvning får nyt liv med digital billedbehandling\r\n (Other format)"^^ . . . . . . "indexcodes.txt"^^ . . "HTML Summary of #10694 \n\nForskning i ukrudtsharvning får nyt liv med digital billedbehandling \n\n\n" . "text/html" . . . " Weed management"@en . " Beikrautregulierung"@de . . . "Digital images for assessing soil cover of crop plants"^^ . "The main drawback by using crop soil cover in weed harrowing research is that it is assessed by visual scores, which are biased and context dependent. This problem may be solved by using digital image analysis. In this paper a new image capture standard and digital image analysis procedure was used to illustrate three key issues in relation to weed harrowing; selectivity, resistance and recovery. All issues require reliable assessments of crop soil cover. Crop soil cover was deduced from assessments of leaf cover, which is defined as the proportion of pixels in digital images determined to be green. \r\n\r\nObjective assessments of leaf cover and crop soil cover showed that the selectivity of weed harrowing in winter wheat and spring barley was unaffected by timing within a two weeks interval. Crop recovery, defined as the ability of the crop to recover from soil cover was determined in winter wheat and highly influenced by timing of weed harrowing. Increasing intensities of harrowing in growth stage (BBCH) 22 in winter wheat increased crop yields whereas crop yields declined by increasing intensities in growth stage 23 due to differences in the crop recovery capacity. Resistance defined as the capacity of the crop to resist soil cover was tested in barley, field pea and mixtures of barley and field pea. No differences were found between the crops. Future aims in mechanical weed control research are discussed in the context of the availability of unbiased crop soil cover data.\r\n"^^ . "2007" . . . "Proceedings 7th EWRS Workshop on Physical and Cultural Weed Control"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . "Michael"^^ . "Nørremark"^^ . "Michael Nørremark"^^ . . "Jesper"^^ . "Rasmussen"^^ . "Jesper Rasmussen"^^ . . . . . . "Digital images for assessing soil cover of crop plants (PDF)"^^ . . . "10758.pdf"^^ . . . "Digital images for assessing soil cover of crop plants (Other format)"^^ . . . . . . "indexcodes.txt"^^ . . "HTML Summary of #10758 \n\nDigital images for assessing soil cover of crop plants\n\n" . "text/html" . . . " Weed management"@en . " Beikrautregulierung"@de . . . "Digital images for assessing soil cover of crop plants"^^ . "The main drawback by using crop soil cover in weed harrowing research is that it is assessed by visual scores, which are biased and context dependent. This problem may be solved by using digital image analysis. In this paper a new image capture standard and digital image analysis procedure was used to illustrate three key issues in relation to weed harrowing; selectivity, resistance and recovery. All issues require reliable assessments of crop soil cover. Crop soil cover was deduced from assessments of leaf cover, which is defined as the proportion of pixels in digital images determined to be green. \r\n\r\nObjective assessments of leaf cover and crop soil cover showed that the selectivity of weed harrowing in winter wheat and spring barley was unaffected by timing within a two weeks interval. Crop recovery, defined as the ability of the crop to recover from soil cover was determined in winter wheat and highly influenced by timing of weed harrowing. Increasing intensities of harrowing in growth stage (BBCH) 22 in winter wheat increased crop yields whereas crop yields declined by increasing intensities in growth stage 23 due to differences in the crop recovery capacity. Resistance defined as the capacity of the crop to resist soil cover was tested in barley, field pea and mixtures of barley and field pea. No differences were found between the crops. Future aims in mechanical weed control research are discussed in the context of the availability of unbiased crop soil cover data.\r\n"^^ . "2007" . . . . . . . . . . "Michael"^^ . "Nørremark"^^ . "Michael Nørremark"^^ . . "Jesper"^^ . "Rasmussen"^^ . "Jesper Rasmussen"^^ . . . . . . "Digital images for assessing soil cover of crop plants (PDF)"^^ . . . "10759.pdf"^^ . . . "Digital images for assessing soil cover of crop plants (Other format)"^^ . . . . . . "indexcodes.txt"^^ . . "HTML Summary of #10759 \n\nDigital images for assessing soil cover of crop plants\n\n" . "text/html" . . . " Weed management"@en . " Beikrautregulierung"@de . . "Digital image analysis offers new possibilities in weed harrowing research"^^ . "Two field experiments were carried out in winter wheat to determine the optimal intensity and timing of weed harrowing. Each experiment was designed to create a series of intensities by increasing the number of passes at varying growth stages. Visual assessments and digital image processing were used to assess crop soil cover associated with weed harrowing. The study showed that winter wheat responded differently to weed harrowing at different growth stages. In autumn, the crop was severely damaged due to high degrees of crop soil cover and poor recovery resulting in crop yield losses in the range of 7 % to 22 %. In early spring, the crop showed some variability in the ability to recover from soil cover. The best results in spring were obtained at growth stage 22 (BBCH). Increasing number of passes resulted in increasing crop yields in the range of 2 % to 5 % and increasing degrees of weed control in the range of 22 % to 62 %. The role of digital image analysis in future weed harrowing research is discussed."^^ . "2006" . . "93" . "4" . . "Zemdirbyste/Agriculture"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . "Jesper"^^ . "Rasmussen"^^ . "Jesper Rasmussen"^^ . . "Michael"^^ . "Nørremark"^^ . "Michael Nørremark"^^ . . . . . . "Digital image analysis offers new possibilities in weed harrowing research (PDF)"^^ . . . "Digital image analysis offers new possibilities in weed harrowing research (Other format)"^^ . . . . . "HTML Summary of #10474 \n\nDigital image analysis offers new possibilities in weed harrowing research\n\n" . "text/html" . . . " Weed management"@en . " Beikrautregulierung"@de . . . "New Technologies Call for New Research Priorities in Physical Weed Control with Low Selectivity"^^ . "A web-based digital image analysis tool (IMAGING Crop Response Analyser) has been developed, tested and made public (www.imaging-crops.dk). This new technology makes possible objective estimations of crop-soil cover (i.e. how much crop is buried with soil) associated with post-emergence weed control with spring tine harrows, rotary hoes and other weeders. Objective estimation of crop-soil cover offers new possibilities to improve decision support of physical weed control practises with low selectivity because trade-offs between weed control and resulting injury to the associated crop now may be quantified, communicated and incorporated into models. The objective of this resentation is to suggest key parameters and research priorities for future research and to suggest standards for estimation and statistical test of the analytical parameters. The overall aim is to help researchers deliver reliable parameter estimates that may help to predict the optimal intensity and timing of physical weed control with low selectivity and, thereby, contribute to the theoretical and methodological framework of physical weed control. Selectivity and crop recovery are suggested as key parameters because they are crucial in predictive models and are less influenced by site-specific soil conditions and implement settings than other parameters. Selectivity is defined as the ratio between weed control and crop-soil cover and crop recovery is defined as the ability of the crop to recover from soil coverage. Both parameters depend on the intensity of tillage. To facilitate comparisons between different studies, it is suggested that the crop soil cover associated with 80% weed control and the relative crop yield loss associated with 25% crop-soil cover are calculated with 95%-confidence intervals. Experimental protocols needed to make such calculations are outlined and factors that influence - or may influence - selectivity and recovery are listed and research priorities are given. Crop tolerance has previously been used to express the susceptibility of the crop to physical weed control, but crop recovery is shown to be more useful in decision support models than crop tolerance. Recent studies using the new digital image analysis tool and the above suggested parameter estimation procedure show that timing of weed harrowing is of lesser importance if the intensity of tillage is correctly adjusted to the growth stage compared with prediction of the optimal intensity in sitespecific conditions. This latter issue remains the major challenge for future development."^^ . "2008" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Bo Martin"^^ . "Bibby"^^ . "Bo Martin Bibby"^^ . . "Michael"^^ . "Nørremark"^^ . "Michael Nørremark"^^ . . "Jesper"^^ . "Rasmussen"^^ . "Jesper Rasmussen"^^ . . . . . . "New Technologies Call for New Research Priorities in Physical Weed Control with Low Selectivity (PDF)"^^ . . . "13688.pdf"^^ . . . "New Technologies Call for New Research Priorities in Physical Weed Control with Low Selectivity (PDF)"^^ . . . "13689.pdf"^^ . . . "New Technologies Call for New Research Priorities in Physical Weed Control with Low Selectivity (Other format)"^^ . . . . . . "indexcodes.txt"^^ . . . "New Technologies Call for New Research Priorities in Physical Weed Control with Low Selectivity (Other format)"^^ . . . . . . "indexcodes.txt"^^ . . "HTML Summary of #13688 \n\nNew Technologies Call for New Research Priorities in Physical Weed Control with Low Selectivity\n\n" . "text/html" . . . " Weed management"@en . " Beikrautregulierung"@de . . . "Assessment of impacts and risks"@en . "Bewertung von Wirkungen und Risiken"@de . . "Assessment of leaf cover and crop soil cover in weed harrowing research using digital images"^^ . "Objective assessment of crop soil cover, defined as the percentage of leaf cover that has been buried in soil due to weed harrowing, is crucial to further progress in post-emergence weed harrowing research. Up to now, crop soil cover has been assessed by visual scores, which are biased and context dependent. The aim of this study was to investigate whether digital image analysis is a feasible method to estimate crop soil cover in the early growth stages of cereals. Two main questions were examined: (1) how to capture suitable digital images under field conditions with a standard high-resolution digital camera and (2) how to analyse the images with an automated digital image analysis procedure. The importance of light conditions, camera angle, size of recorded area, growth stage and direction of harrowing were investigated in order to establish a standard for image capture and an automated image analysis procedure based on the excess green colour index was developed. The study shows that the automated digital image analysis procedure provided reliable estimations of leaf cover, defined as the as the proportion of pixels in digital images determined to be green, which were used to estimate crop soil cover. A standard for image capture is suggested and it is recommended to use digital image analysis to estimated crop soil cover in future research. The prospects of using digital image analysis in future weed harrowing research are discussed."^^ . "2007" . . "47" . . "Weed Research"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Michael"^^ . "Nørremark"^^ . "Michael Nørremark"^^ . . "Jesper"^^ . "Rasmussen"^^ . "Jesper Rasmussen"^^ . . "Bo Martin"^^ . "Bibby"^^ . "Bo Martin Bibby"^^ . . . . . . "Assessment of leaf cover and crop soil cover in weed harrowing research using digital images (PDF)"^^ . . . "11007.pdf"^^ . . . "Assessment of leaf cover and crop soil cover in weed harrowing research using digital images (Other format)"^^ . . . . . . "indexcodes.txt"^^ . . "HTML Summary of #11007 \n\nAssessment of leaf cover and crop soil cover in weed harrowing research using digital images\n\n" . "text/html" . . . " Weed management"@en . " Beikrautregulierung"@de . . "Weed identification using an automated active shape\r\nmatching (AASM) technique"^^ . "Weed identification and control is a challenge for intercultural operations in agriculture. As an alternative to chemical pest control, a smart weed identification technique followed by mechanical weed control system could be developed. The proposed smart identification technique works on the concept of ‘active shape modelling’ to identify weed and crop plants based on their morphology. The automated active shape matching system (AASM) technique consisted of, i) a Pixelink camera ii) an LTI Lehrstuhlfuer technische informatik) image processing library, iii) a laptop pc with the Linux OS. A 2-leaf growth stage model for Solanum nigrum L. (nightshade) is generated from 32 segmented training images in Matlab software environment. Using the AASM algorithm, the leaf model was aligned and placed at the centre of the target plant and a model deformation process carried out. The parameters used for model deformation were estimated, updated and an improved model was compared to the target plant shape to obtain the best fit. Around 90% of the nightshade plants were identified correctly with AASM. The time required for identifying target plant as a nightshade was approximately 0.053 s and a non-identification process required 0.062 s for eight iterations with the Linux platform used.\r\n"^^ . "2011" . . . "110" . . "Biosystems Engineering"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Rasmus N."^^ . "Jørgensen"^^ . "Rasmus N. Jørgensen"^^ . . "Henrik S. "^^ . "Midtiby"^^ . "Henrik S. Midtiby"^^ . . "Ole"^^ . "Green"^^ . "Ole Green"^^ . . "Michael"^^ . "Nørremark"^^ . "Michael Nørremark"^^ . . "Kishore"^^ . "Swain"^^ . "Kishore Swain"^^ . . . . . . "Weed identification using an automated active shape\r\nmatching (AASM) technique (PDF)"^^ . . . . . . . . . "Weed identification using an automated active shape\r\nmatching (AASM) technique (Image (JPEG))"^^ . . . . . . "preview.jpg"^^ . . . "Weed identification using an automated active shape\r\nmatching (AASM) technique (Indexer Terms)"^^ . . . . . "HTML Summary of #20658 \n\nWeed identification using an automated active shape \nmatching (AASM) technique\n\n" . "text/html" . . . " Weed management"@en . " Beikrautregulierung"@de . . . "Vision-based weed identification with farm robots"^^ . " Robots in agriculture offer new opportunities for real time weed identification and quick removal operations. Weed identification and control remains one of the most challenging task in agriculture, particularly in organic agriculture practices. Considering environmental impacts and food quality, the excess use of chemicals in agriculture for controlling weeds and diseases is decreasing. The cost of herbercides and their field applications must be optimized. As an alternative, a smart weed identification technique followed by the mechanical and thermal weed control can fulfill the organic farmers’ expectations. The smart identification technique works on the concept of ‘shape matching’ and ‘active shape modeling’ of plant and weed leafs. The automated weed detection and control system consists of three major tools. Such as: i) eXcite multispectral camera, ii) LTI image processing library and iii) Hortibot robotic vehicle. The components are combined in Linux interface environment in the eXcite camera associate PC. The laboratory experiments for active shape matching have shown interesting results which will be further enhanced to develop the automated weed detection system. The Hortibot robot will be mounted with the camera unit in the front-end and the mechanical weed remover in the rear-end. The system will be upgraded for intense commercial applications in maize and other row crops."^^ . "2010-06" . . . "CIGR XVIIth World Congress"^^ . . . "XVIIth World Congress of the International Commission of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Book of Abstracts"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Claus Grøn"^^ . "Sørensen"^^ . "Claus Grøn Sørensen"^^ . . "Ole "^^ . "Green"^^ . "Ole Green"^^ . . "Michael"^^ . "Nørremark"^^ . "Michael Nørremark"^^ . . "Kishore C."^^ . "Swain"^^ . "Kishore C. Swain"^^ . . "Dionysis"^^ . "Bochtis"^^ . "Dionysis Bochtis"^^ . . . . . . "Vision-based weed identification with farm robots (PDF)"^^ . . . . . . . . . "20653.pdf"^^ . . . "Vision-based weed identification with farm robots (Image (JPEG))"^^ . . . . . . "preview.jpg"^^ . . . "Vision-based weed identification with farm robots (Indexer Terms)"^^ . . . . . . "indexcodes.txt"^^ . . "HTML Summary of #20653 \n\nVision-based weed identification with farm robots\n\n" . "text/html" . . . " Weed management"@en . " Beikrautregulierung"@de . . . "Hortibot: Feasibility study of a plant nursing robot performing weeding operations – part IV"^^ . "Based on the development of a robotic tool carrier (Hortibot) equipped with weeding tools, a feasibility study was carried out to evaluate the viability of this innovative technology. The feasibility was demonstrated through a targeted evaluation adapted to the obtainable knowledge on the system performance in horticulture.\r\n\r\nA usage scenario was designed to set the implementation of the robotic system in a row crop of seeded bulb onions considering operational and functional constraints in organic crop, production. This usage scenario together with the technical specifications of the implemented system provided the basis for the feasibility analysis, including a comparison with a conventional weeding system. Preliminary results show that the automation of the weeding tasks within a row crop has the potential of significantly reducing the costs and still fulfill the operational requirements set forth. \r\n\r\nThe potential benefits in terms of operational capabilities and economic viability have been quantified. Profitability gains ranging from 20 to 50% are achievable through targeted applications. In general, the analyses demonstrate the operational and economic feasibility of using small automated vehicles and targeted tools in specialized production settings."^^ . "2007" . . "Paper Number: 077019" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Rasmus N."^^ . "Jørgensen"^^ . "Rasmus N. Jørgensen"^^ . . "Claus G."^^ . "Sørensen"^^ . "Claus G. Sørensen"^^ . . "Michael"^^ . "Nørremark"^^ . "Michael Nørremark"^^ . . "Jørgen"^^ . "Maagaard"^^ . "Jørgen Maagaard"^^ . . "Kjeld"^^ . "Jensen"^^ . "Kjeld Jensen"^^ . . "Lars Aa."^^ . "Jensen"^^ . "Lars Aa. Jensen"^^ . . . . . . "Hortibot: Feasibility study of a plant nursing robot performing weeding operations – part IV (PDF)"^^ . . . "ASABE_paper_(2007)_-Sørensen.pdf"^^ . . . "Hortibot: Feasibility study of a plant nursing robot performing weeding operations – part IV (Other format)"^^ . . . . . . "indexcodes.txt"^^ . . "HTML Summary of #11263 \n\nHortibot: Feasibility study of a plant nursing robot performing weeding operations – part IV\n\n" . "text/html" . . . " Buildings and machinery"@en . " Gebäude und Maschinen"@de . . "Conceptual and user-centric design guidelines for a plant nursing robot"^^ . "Current service robots have relatively primitive behaviours and limited interaction with the environment. Technological foresights have indicated that the next generation of service robots will demonstrate a high degree of autonomy and reliability, have minimal impact on the environment, and will interact in a flexible way with the user. It is necessary therefore, to determine the functional requirements for a future energy-efficient robotic bioproduction system from the perspective of various stakeholders, together with the development of a high-level framework for designing and prototyping the common functionalities of mobile robots. This study presents technical guidelines for the design of a plant nursing robot. The methodology uses Quality Function Deployment (QFD) functionalities involving the identification of relationships between identified user requirements and the derived design parameters. Extracted important user requirements included: 1) adjustable to row distance and parcel size, 2) profitable, 3) minimize damage to crops, and 4) reliable. Lower ratings were attributed to requirements such as: 1) affection value, prestige, 2) look attractive, 3) out of season operations, and 4) use of renewable energy. Subsequent important derived design parameters included: 1) PreparedForModularTools, 2) ControlableByExternalModules, 3) SemiAutonomous, and 4) Local- and GlobalPositioningSystem. The least important design parameters included: 1) OpenStandardSoftware, 2) Well-builtAppearance, 3) Wheels- With Infinite Steering Rotation, and 4) Internal Safety System. The study demonstrates the feasibility of applying a systematic design technique and procedures for translating the ‘consumer’s voice’ into the design and technical specifications of a robotic tool carrier to be used in bioproduction."^^ . "2010-01" . . . "105" . "1" . . "Biosystems Engineering"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "R.N."^^ . "Jørgensen"^^ . "R.N. Jørgensen"^^ . . "J."^^ . "Maagaard"^^ . "J. Maagaard"^^ . . "M."^^ . "Nørremark"^^ . "M. Nørremark"^^ . . "K.K."^^ . "Bertelsen"^^ . "K.K. Bertelsen"^^ . . "C.G."^^ . "Sørensen"^^ . "C.G. Sørensen"^^ . . "L."^^ . "Dalgaard"^^ . "L. Dalgaard"^^ . . . . . . "Conceptual and user-centric design guidelines for a plant nursing robot (PDF)"^^ . . . . . . . . . "Conceptual and user-centric design guidelines for a plant nursing robot (Image (JPEG))"^^ . . . . . . "preview.jpg"^^ . . . "Conceptual and user-centric design guidelines for a plant nursing robot (Indexer Terms)"^^ . . . . . . "indexcodes.txt"^^ . . "HTML Summary of #20657 \n\nConceptual and user-centric design guidelines for a plant nursing robot\n\n" . "text/html" . . . " Weed management"@en . " Beikrautregulierung"@de . . "Automatic identification of crop and weed species with chlorophyll fluorescence induction curves"^^ . "Automatic identification of crop and weed species is required for many precision farming practices. The use of chlorophyll fluorescence fingerprinting for identification \r\nof maize and barley among six weed species was tested. The plants were grown in outdoor pots and the fluorescence measurements were done in variable natural conditions. \r\nThe measurement protocol consisted of 1 s of shading followed by two short pulses of strong light photosynthetic photon flux density 1700 lmol m-2 s-1) with 0.2 s of darkness in between. Both illumination pulses caused the fluorescence yield to increase by 30–60% and to display a rapid fluorescence transient resembling transients obtained after long dark incubation. A neural network classifier, working on 17 features extracted from each fluorescence induction curve, correctly classified 86.7–96.1% of the curves as crop (maize or barley) or weed. Classification of individual species yielded a 50.2–80.8% rate of correct classifications. The best results were obtained if the training and test sets were measured on the same day, but good results were also obtained when the training and test \r\nsets were measured on different dates, and even if fluorescence induction curves measured from both leaf sides were mixed. The results indicate that fluorescence fingerprinting has potential for rapid field separation of crop and weed species."^^ . "2011" . . . "12" . . "Precision Agriculture"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Mika "^^ . "Keränen"^^ . "Mika Keränen"^^ . . "Michael"^^ . "Nørremark"^^ . "Michael Nørremark"^^ . . "Heta "^^ . "Mattila"^^ . "Heta Mattila"^^ . . "Marja "^^ . "Hakala-Yatkin"^^ . "Marja Hakala-Yatkin"^^ . . "Carl-Otto "^^ . "Ottosen"^^ . "Carl-Otto Ottosen"^^ . . "Eva "^^ . "Rosenqvist"^^ . "Eva Rosenqvist"^^ . . "Esa "^^ . "Tyystjärvi"^^ . "Esa Tyystjärvi"^^ . . . . . . "Automatic identification of crop and weed species with chlorophyll fluorescence induction curves (PDF)"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . "Automatic identification of crop and weed species with chlorophyll fluorescence induction curves (Image (JPEG))"^^ . . . . . . "preview.jpg"^^ . . . "Automatic identification of crop and weed species with chlorophyll fluorescence induction curves (Indexer Terms)"^^ . . . . . . "indexcodes.txt"^^ . . "HTML Summary of #20654 \n\nAutomatic identification of crop and weed species with chlorophyll fluorescence induction curves\n\n" . "text/html" . . . " Weed management"@en . " Beikrautregulierung"@de .