%0 Generic %D 2008 %E LFZ Raumberg-Gumpenstein, %F orgprints:15583 %I Lehr- und Forschungszentrum für Landwirtschaft Raumberg-Gumpenstein %K Low-Input, Vollweide, Milchkühe, Österreich %T 4. Österreichische Fachtagung für Biologische Landwirtschaft - "Low-Input" Vollweidehaltung von Milchkühen in Österreich %U http://orgprints.org/15583/ %0 Generic %C Olomouc, Czech Republic %D 2008 %E Sarapatka, Borivoj %E Samsonova, Pavlina %F orgprints:20541 %I Bioinstitut %K organic research, organic agriculture, výsledky výzkumu, ekologické zemědělství %T Bioacademy 2008 - Proceedings %U http://orgprints.org/20541/ %X Within the topic “New Developments in Science and Research in Organic Agriculture”, the Conference for Practitioners put emphasis on the transfer of up to date information directly into practice, while the Scientific conference enabled scientists of various specialisation to exchange the latest research findings from this agricultural system reaching into the related areas of landscape and the environment. %0 Generic %C A-Wien %D 2008 %E Fischl, Martin %E Kranzler, Andreas %E Lindenthal, Thomas %F orgprints:18043 %I Ländliches Fortbildungsinstitut Österreich %K Sorteneigenschaften, Getreide, Saatgutqualität, Beikrautregulierung, Richtlinien, Pflanzengesundheit %T Bioherbstanbau 2008: Wintergetreide - Informationen zu Sorten, Saatgut, Richtlinien, Krankheiten und Beikrautregulierung %U http://orgprints.org/18043/ %X Informationen zu Sorten, Saatgut, Richtlinien, Krankheiten und Beikrautregulierung Inhaltsverzeichnis - Winterweizen – Sorteneigenschaften und Versuchsergebnisse - Dinkel – Sorteneigenschaften - Winterroggen – Sorteneigenschaften - Triticale – Sorteneigenschaften - Wintergerste – Sorteneigenschaften - Richtlinien - Erfolgreicher Biolandbau braucht höchste Saatgutqualität - Aktuelle Pflanzenschutzprobleme im Getreidebau - Zukaufdünger - Die Ackerkratzdistel – wieder ein zunehmendes Problem im Biolandbau - Literatur / Quellenverzeichnis %0 Edited Book %B FiBL-Report %D 2008 %E Fuchs, Jacques G. %E Kupper, Thomas %E Tamm, Lucius %E Schwenk, Kaarina %F orgprints:13135 %I Research Institute of Organic Agriculture FiBL, Frick, Switzerland %K Kompost, Umwelt, Bodenfruchtbarkeit, Pflanzengesundheit, BUWAL Kompostqualität, Interaktion Boden-Pflanzenkrankheiten, Nachhaltigkeitsanalyse %T Compost and digestate : sustainability, benefits, impacts for the environment and for plant production. Proceedings of the international congress CODIS 2008, February 27-29, 2008, Solothurn, Switzerland. %U http://orgprints.org/13135/ %X This proceedings volume contains the papers presented at the CODIS 2008 congress held on 27 - 29 February 2008 in Solothurn (Switzerland). The composting and digestion of biogenic waste materials and the subsequent application of compost and digestate to soil contributes to nutrient recycling and renewable energy production. Moreover, compost and digestate can improve soil fertility and suppress plant diseases. On the other hand, compost and digestate may also contain a variety of pollutants hazardous to soil, such as heavy metals and organic contaminants. Compost and digestate have been thoroughly investigated in the framework of two associated projects entitled “Organic Pollutants in Compost and Digestate in Switzerland” and “Effects of Composts and Digestate on the Environment, Soil Fertility and Plant Health”. These projects yielded new insights into the properties of compost and digestate, mainly with regard to biological parameters and the occurrence of both “classic” and “emerging” organic pollutants. The CODIS 2008 congress was the final event of these two projects. For more information, see www.codis2008. %0 Edited Book %D 2008 %E Neuhoff, Daniel %E Halberg, Niels %E Alföldi, Thomas %E Lockeretz, William %E Thommen, Andreas %E Rasmussen, Ilse A. %E Hermansen, John %E Vaarst, Mette %E Lück, Lorna %E Carporali, Fabio %E Jensen, Henning Hogh %E Migliorini, Paola %E Willer, Helga %F orgprints:13674 %I International Society of Organic Agriculture Research (ISOFAR), c/o IOL, DE-Bonn, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture FiBL, CH-Frick %K Organic Farming Research, FiBLOWC2008 %T Cultivating the Future Based on Science. Cultivating the Future Based on Science. Volume 2 - Livestock, Socio-economy and Cross disciplinary Research in Organic Agriculture. Proceedings of the Second Scientific Conference of the International Society of Organic Agriculture Research (ISOFAR), held at the 16th IFOAM Organic World Congress in Cooperation with the International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements (IFOAM) and the Consorzio ModenaBio, 18 – 20 June 2008 in Modena, Italy %U http://orgprints.org/13674/ %X From 18 to 20 June 2008 the second conference of the International Society of Agriculture Research was held in Modena, Italy, in conjunction with the 16th IFOAM Organic World Congress OWC . The proceedings, which are available in the FiBL shop (PDF/hardcopy) contain 380 papers related to all aspects of organic farming. The second volume gives insights into the increasing research activities on animal husbandry, socio-economics, interdisciplinary research projects. Furthermore it contains the papers for the five workshops of the Integrated project Quality Low Input Food QLIF which was held as part of the ISOFAR conference. %0 Edited Book %D 2008 %E Neuhoff, Daniel %E Halberg, Niels %E Alföldi, Thomas %E Lockeretz, William %E Thommen, Andreas %E Rasmussen, Ilse A. %E Hermansen, John %E Vaarst, Mette %E Lück, Lorna %E Carporali, Fabio %E Jensen, Henning Hogh %E Migliorini, Paola %E Willer, Helga %F orgprints:13672 %I International Society of Organic Agriculture Research (ISOFAR), c/o IOL, DE-Bonn, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture FiBL, CH-Frick %K Organic Farming Research, FiBLOWC2008 %T Cultivating the Future Based on Science. Volume 1: Organic Crop Production. Proceedings of the Second Scientific Conference of the International Society of Organic Agriculture Research (ISOFAR), held at the 16th IFOAM Organic World Congress in Cooperation with the International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements (IFOAM) and the Consorzio ModenaBio, 18 – 20 June 2008 in Modena, Italy %U http://orgprints.org/13672/ %X From 18 to 20 June 2008 the second conference of the International Society of Agriculture Research was held in Modena, Italy, in conjunction with the 16th IFOAM Organic World Congress OWC . The proceedings, which are available in the FiBL shop (PDF/hardcopy) contain 380 papers related to all aspects of organic farming. The first volume deals mainly with various aspects of organic crop production, which traditionally represent the largest share of all papers submitted to conferences on organic agriculture. %0 Book %A Bioinstitut, %C Olomouc, Czech Republic %D 2008 %F orgprints:20512 %I Bioinstitut %K GMO, rizika, geneticky modifikované organismy, prevence, risks, geneticaly modified organisms, prevention %T Ekologické zemědělství a GMO - otázky koexistence %U http://orgprints.org/20512/ %X Brožura zaměřená na koexistenci systému ekologického zemědělství se systémem, který využívá pěstování geneticky modifikovaných plodin a možná teoretická i praktická rizika, kterým mohou být zemědělci hospodařící ekologickým způsobem v této souvislosti vystaveni. Zvláštní důraz je kladen na význam preventivních opatření, resp. kroků, kterými lze tato rizika minimalizovat, jakož i další opatření, vyplývající z platné legislativy, která se problematiky koexistence dotýkají, a to jak na národní, tak i evropské úrovni. Brožura je určena zemědělcům i odborné veřejnosti, přehledně formou otázek a odpovědí. %0 Generic %C CH-Frick %D 2008 %E Rudmann, Christine %F orgprints:18064 %I Forschungsinstitut für biologischen Landbau (FiBL) %K Entrepreneurial Skills, farmers, EU-fund, recommendations, self-assessment, Sozio-Ökonomie, Politikfolgenabschätzung, Betriebswirtschaft, ESoF %T Entrepreneurial Skills and their Role in Enhancing the Relative Independence of Farmers %U http://orgprints.org/18064/ %X Entrepreneurship is considered a crucial dynamic force in the development of small businesses in general. In agriculture, entrepreneurship is particularly relevant because farmers need to find ways to adapt their businesses to the changing structural environment. This book describes entrepreneurship in terms of its learnable and teachable aspects, and elaborates the concept of entrepreneurial skill in farming. It constitutes the final report of the EU-funded research project Developing Entrepreneurial Skills of Farmers, summarising and synthesising the results. In addition to elaborating a consistent concept of entrepreneurial skills in farming, the project analysed the factors influencing the learning of such skills and produced recommendations on how to adapt the political, institutional and educational framework in order to foster their development. Furthermore, an e-learning tool for farmers, which includes a self-assessment of entrepreneurial skills, was developed in the project and is described in the book. %0 Generic %D 2008 %E Christine, Rudmann %F orgprints:13647 %I Resarch Institute of Organic Agriculture FiBL, CH-Frick %K Farm management, esof %T Entrepreneurial Skills and their Role in Enhancing the Relative Independence of Farmers %U http://orgprints.org/13647/ %X Entrepreneurship is considered a crucial dynamic force in the development of small businesses in general. In agriculture, entrepreneurship is relevant because the farmers need to find ways to adapt their businesses to the structural changes in the environment of farming. In this book entrepreneurship is described by its learnable and teachable aspects, elaborating the concept of entrepreneurial skill in farming. It constitutes the final report of the EU-funded research project Developing Entrepreneurial Skills of Farmers, summarising and synthesising the results. Apart from elaborating a consistent concept of entrepreneurial skills in farming, the project analysed the factors influencing the learning of such skills and resulted in recommendations how to adapt the political, institutional and educational framework in order to foster their development. Furthermore, an e-learning tool for farmers, which contains a self-assessment for entrepreneurial skills, was developed in the project and is described in the book. %0 Generic %D 2008 %E Häseli, Andreas %F orgprints:13153 %I Forschungsinstitut für biologischen Landbau (FiBL), CH-Frick %K Anbautechnik mehrjährige Kulturen, Bioobstbau, Pflanzenschutz, Schädlinge, Nützlinge, Entomologie, Schädlingsbekämpfung %T Fachtagung Bioobstbau 2008 %U http://orgprints.org/13153/ %0 Generic %C CH-Frick %D 2008 %E Häseli, Andreas %F orgprints:18051 %I Forschungsinstitut für biologischen Landbau (FiBL) %K Anbautechnik Pflanzenbau, Bioweinbau, ORWINE, Piwi, resistente Sorten, Pflanzenschutz %T Fachtagung Bioweinbau 2008 %U http://orgprints.org/18051/ %X Tätigkeitsbericht Fachkommission Biovin 2007/8. ORWINE EU-Projekt: Schlussfolgerungen aus Richtlinien-Analyse für Bio-Weinbau und erste Vorschläge für Vinifikations-Rechtlinien der EU und Schweizer Bio-Verordnung. Wie und wie weit sollen und können wir die SO2 –Zugaben in Bioweinen reduzieren? Einige Beispielresultate aus den Labor-und On-Farm Versuchen des EU-ORWINE-Projekts. Verwendung von Zusatzstoffen für die Vinifizierung von biologischen Weinen. Verwendung von Zusatzstoffen für biologische Weinbereitung. Aspekte der Mikrobiologie bei der biologischen Weinbereitung. Falscher Rebenmehltau: Rückblick Saison 2007 und Suche nach Kupfer-Ersatzmitteln. TOPiwi: Prüfung widerstandfähiger, nachhaltig produzierbarer Rebsorten zur Erzielung erstklassiger Weine mit hoher Kundenakzeptanz. Besorderheiten bei der Kelterung von Piwi-Sorten. Vinifikation von PIWI-Sorten: Erfahrungen. %0 Generic %D 2008 %E test, test %F orgprints:10772 %K BÖL, BOEL, FKZ 08OE212, 02OE653, Dokumentation, Archiv, Forschungskommunikation, Internet, BÖL-Schlussberichte, Forschungsergebnisse, Wissenstransfer, Wissenschaftsplattform, documentation, archive, research communication, internet, research results, research platform, scientific transfer %T Fortführung der Wissenschaftsplattform http://forschung.oekolandbau.de %U http://orgprints.org/10772/ %X Ziel des Projekts ist die Verbesserung der Forschungskommunikation und des Wissenstransfers im ökologischen Landbau. Neben der laufenden Aktualisierung der Wissenschaftsplattform (http://forschung.oekolandbau.de) als nationale Informationsdrehscheibe zur Forschung im ökologischen Landbau liegt ein Schwerpunkt auf der Archivierung, Bekanntmachung und Aufbereitung von Forschungsergebnissen, die im Rahmen des Bundesprogramms Ökologischer Landbau (BÖL) erarbeitet wurden. Dazu werden alle Schlussberichte zu F&E-Vorhaben aus dem BÖL in der Datenbank Organic Eprints archiviert und über eine Nachricht auf der Wissenschaftsplattform bekannt gemacht. Ausgewählte praxisrelevante Schlussberichte werden zur Einbindung in das Zentrale Internetportal www.oekolandbau.de aufbereitet. Die Betreuung der Datenbank Organic Eprints umfasst unter anderem die Bereitstellung einer Helpline (Mail, Telefon) sowie die Qualitätssicherung von Einträgen. Die Projektergebnisse werden kontinuierlich über das Internet sowie über einen monatlich erscheinenden Newsletter zur Verfügung gestellt. %0 Generic %D 2008 %E Tschabold, Jean-Luc %F orgprints:13247 %I Forschungsinstitut für biologischen Landbau, CH-5070 Frick %K Bioobstbau %T Forum Arbo Bio Romandie 2008 - Résumés des interventions %U http://orgprints.org/13247/ %X Contenu 1. Commission téchnique fruits de Bio Suisse : situation actuelle 2. Quelle alternative en dehors des fruits à pépins? Potentiel et limites de la production et du marché 3. Choix des variétés de pommes et de poires. Résultats d'essais et signaux du marché 4. Maladies fongiques et bactériennes: nouveaux développement, homologation. Informations sur le feu bactérien. 5. Itinéraire technique en verger de poiriers bio. Le point de vue du producteur et du technicien 6. Madex Plus et Madex I12 brisent les virus résistants du carpocapse 7. Nouveaux résultats dans la lutte contre le carpocapse des prunes avec guêpes parasites Trichogramma 8. Blossom protect 6. Ravageurs: nouveaux développement, homologation et recommandations 2008 7. Choix des portes-greffe de pommiers et informations sur les activités arboricoles du FiBL 8. Contrôle Swiss GAP 9. Recommandations de plantation 2008: pommes et poires bio %0 Generic %D 2008 %E Tschabold, Jean-Luc %F orgprints:8723 %I Forschungsinstitut für biologischen Landbau (FiBL), CH-Frick %K Obstbau, Kompost, Schädlinge, Anbautechnik mehrjährige Kulturen, Bioobstbau, Bioweinbau, %T Forum Arbo Bio Romandie 2008. Résumés des interventions %U http://orgprints.org/8723/ %X Contenu 1. Commission téchnique fruits de Bio Suisse : situation actuelle 2. Quelle alternative en dehors des fruits à pépins? Potentiel et limites de la production et du marché 3. Choix des variétés de pommes et de poires. Résultats d'essais et signaux du marché 4. Maladies fongiques et bactériennes: nouveaux développement, homologation. Informations sur le feu bactérien. 5. Itinéraire technique en verger de poiriers bio. Le point de vue du producteur et du technicien 6. Madex Plus et Madex I12 brisent les virus résistants du carpocapse 56 7. Nouveaux résultats dans la lutte contre le carpocapse des prunes avec guêpes parasites Trichogramma 8. Blossom protect 6. Ravageurs: nouveaux développement, homologation et recommandations 2008 7. Choix des portes-greffe de pommiers et informations sur les activités arboricoles du FiBL 8. Contrôle Swiss GAP 9. Recommandations de plantation 2008: pommes et poires bio %0 Generic %D 2008 %E He, Chen %E Marley, Elin %E Mikkelsen, Bent Egberg %F orgprints:15648 %K iPOPY, young reseacher, organic, school meals %T The iPOPY Young Researchers Workshop on Organic and Healthy Foods in Schools - Methods and Early Results %U http://orgprints.org/15648/ %X Organic and healthy foods in schools is the focus of the iPOPY project (Innovative Public Organic Procurement for Youth), in the New Nordic food on schools as well as in of a lot of other school focused public health nutrition evaluation and research projects. Common to all is the focus on children and adolescents as informants and “study objects” and the focus on food, nutrition and agency in school. Against this background we would like to invite for an open discussion of methods and preliminary results for the students and researchers in and close to the project. %0 Generic %C Ghent %D 2008 %E LA TORRE, A. %E GIANFERRO, M. %E SPERA, G. %F orgprints:18255 %I Ghent University %K Plasmopora viticola, vineyards, optimization of fungicide treatments, costs of pesticide treatments %T OPTIMIZATION OF PLANT PROTECTION PRODUCTS TREATMENTS AGAINST PLASMOPARA VITICOLA %U http://orgprints.org/18255/ %X Plant protection in conventional farming, and even more so in organic farming, requires careful and prudent action agro-environmental monitoring and epidemic risk assessment. Often, however, the plant protection products are distributed in a non-targeted way, even when reduced incidence of pests do not require any treatment. In order to optimize the treatments against downy mildew, multi-annual field trials, both in conventional and organic vineyards, have been carried out. In all farms were considered 3 thesis: 1 untreated control thesis (Test), in order to follow the coarse of infection, 1 standard farm reference thesis (St), where the treatments were carried out according to the usual farm procedures and 1 experimental thesis (X). Guideline EPPO/OEPP PP 1/31 (3) have been carried out. We monitored different environmental parameters capable to influence Plasmopora viticola (Berk. and Curt.) Berl. and De Toni development. In fact by a network of RTUs (Remote Terminal Units) distributed all over the vineyards transmitting every 15 minutes via radio or via GPRS to a centralized Data Base 12 environmental parameters: time, data, precipitation, soil temperature, solar radiation, wind direction, wind speed, atmospheric relative humidity, atmospheric temperature, leaf wetness, soil humidity to cm 20 and soil humidity to cm 40. In different phenological growth stages we carried out careful disease assessments on leaves and bunches to evaluate the onset and development of P. viticola. We have studied the downy mildew infections through monitoring the environmental parameters, knowledge of P. viticola biological cycle, the evaluation of cultivar sensibility, the agricultural production method and the area characteristics, to try to optimize the anti- downy mildew treatments. The achieved results have underlined the possibility to obtain a satisfactory protection against P. viticola by correct placing of treatments. In experimental thesis (X) the number of treatments was generally lower than the number made on the thesis standard (ST), with efficacy comparable if not better. This result is most evident in conventional farms where surveillance is less accurate because is can also use plant protection products with a curative action. The trial showed the possibility of obtaining real cost containment management and a lower environmental impact associated with reduced fungicidal treatments. %0 Edited Book %C Braunschweig %D 2008 %E Rahmann, Gerold %E Schumacher, Ulrich %F orgprints:17029 %I Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institut - Bundesforschungsinstitut für Ländliche Räume, Wald und Fischerei (vTI) %T Praxis trifft Forschung - Neues aus der Ökologischen Tierhaltung 2008 %U http://orgprints.org/17029/ %X Praxis trifft Forschung - Neues aus der Ökologischen Tierhaltung 2008 Ausgewählte Beiträge der Internationalen Tagungen zur Ökologischen Schaf/Ziegen-, Schweine-, Milchkuh- und Geflügelhaltung 2007/2008 %0 Edited Book %C Prague, Czech Republic %D 2008 %E Capounova, Katerina %E Dytrtova, Karolina %F orgprints:20491 %I Ministerstvo zemědělství ČR %K statistika, produkce, distribuce, výzkum, trh, organic agriculture, statistics, distribution, research, market %T Ročenka ekologického zemědělství v České repulice 2007 %U http://orgprints.org/20491/ %X Ročenka sleduje současný stav ekologického zemědělství v ČR, informace o ekologických farmách a strukturu jejich produkce, výrobu, prodej a distribuci biopotravin, právní předpisy, podpory v EZ, kontroly EZ, vzdělávání, vědu a výzkum, propagaci EZ a další. %0 Generic %D 2008 %E van der Burgt, Ir. G.J.H.M %E Timmermans, Dr. B.G.H. %F orgprints:13548 %K Nitrogen, soil, research, modelling %T Soil Nitrogen: research and extension %U http://orgprints.org/13548/ %X These are the proceedings of the 4th QLIF workshiop with contributions of several European soil and nitrogen researchers. %0 Generic %A Kuratorium für Technik und Bauwesen in der Landwirtschaft e.V., %C Darmstadt %D 2008 %E Kuratorium für Technik und Bauwesen in der Landwirtschaft, e.V. %F orgprints:16718 %I KTBL %K Systembewertung, Tierhaltung, Tiergesundheit, Tierverhalten, Nachhaltigkeit, BÖL, BOEL, FKZ 07OE006 %T Systembewertung der ökologischen Tierhaltung %U http://orgprints.org/16718/ %X Der Frage nach der Systembewertung der Tierhaltung im ökologischen Landbau sind über 40 Experten aus dem deutschsprachigen Raum im Rahmen eines KTBL-Fachgespräches vom 25. bis 26. April 2007 an der Fachhochschule Eberswalde nachgegangen, das im Rahmen des Bundesprogramms Ökologischer Landbau gefördert wurde. Die Ergebnisse sind in einer KTBL-Schrift wiedergegeben. Die ökologische Tierhaltung erhebt für sich den Anspruch, in hohem Maße den Anforderungen an eine umweltschonende und tiergerechte sowie sozial und ökonomisch nachhaltige Tierhaltung gerecht zu werden. Inwieweit ihr dies aber gelingt und wo Optimierungspotential steckt, ist nur durch eine umfassende Systembewertung zu ermitteln. Die Einhaltung der Richtlinien des ökologischen Landbaus gewährleistet noch nicht, dass dieser Anspruch erfüllt wird. Die geeignete Bewertungsmethode ist von der jeweiligen Fragestellung abhängt. So ist zur Bewertung von Haltungsverfahren eine andere Herangehensweise zu wählen als zum Beispiel bei der Beurteilung von Betrieben oder ganzen Sektoren. Auch die Zielsetzung spielt eine Rolle: Werden Ist-Zustände beschrieben oder Optimierungen durchgeführt, gelten andere Anforderungen. Größte Herausforderung ist nach wie vor die Bestimmung entsprechend einfacher und handhabbarer Bewertungskriterien. Es stellen die ökologische und die konventionelle Tierhaltung die gleichen Anforderungen an die Methodik. Der wichtige Aspekt Tiergerechtheit lässt sich nach Aussage der Experten nicht ohne weiteres für eine Systembewertung heranziehen, da diese Beurteilung am Tier vor Ort erfolgen muss. Da die meisten Betriebsbewertungssysteme bisher die Tierhaltung nur sehr wenig berücksichtigen können, wurde diskutiert, inwieweit der Nationalen Bewertungsrahmen Tierhaltungsverfahren in die Systembewertung der Tierhaltung im ökologischen Landbau einbezogen werden kann. In der KTBL-Schrift 462: „Systembewertung der ökologischen Tierhaltung“ sind die Tagungsbeiträge, die Diskussion und die verbliebenen offenen Fragen zusammengestellt. Sie spiegeln die Ansprüche an eine Systembewertung und Vorschläge zur Vorgehensweise bei der Bewertung auf der Verfahrens- und Betriebsebene wider. Dadurch wird zur Entwicklung einer umfassenden und abgestimmten Systembewertung als Basis für eine nachhaltige ökologische Tierhaltung beigetragen. %0 Edited Book %B ICROFS-rapport %D 2008 %E Alrøe, Hugo Fjelsted %E Halberg, Niels %F orgprints:15396 %I Internationalt Center for Forskning i Økologisk Jordbrug og Fødevaresystemer (ICROFS) %K Udvikling, vækst, produktion, forarbejdning, omsætning %T Udvikling, vækst og integritet i den danske økologisektor. Vidensyntese om muligheder og barrierer for fortsat udvikling og markedsbaseret vækst i produktion, forarbejdning og omsætning af økologiske produkter %U http://orgprints.org/15396/ %X En ny forskningsbaseret vidensyntese anbefaler fem indsatsområder, der skal sikre økologiens fremtid i Danmark. Vidensyntesen, der er bestilt af Fødevareministeriet, har undersøgt muligheder og barrierer for fortsat vækst i den økologiske sektor. Den nye vidensyntese er et resultat af et omfattende udredningsarbejde, som er udført af Internationalt Center for Forskning i Økologisk Jordbrug og Fødevaresystemer (ICROFS, tidligere FØJO). Udredningsarbejdets formål har været at skabe en syntese af viden om muligheder og barrierer for fortsat markedsbaseret vækst i produktion, forarbejdning og omsætning af økologiske produkter. GOD GROBUND FOR MERE ØKOLOGI Vidensyntesen viser, at økologien har et solidt fodfæste i Danmark: Forbrugerne efterspørger økologiske produkter, detailhandlen er meget åben for økologiske produkter, økologisk produktion giver god driftsøkonomi for producenterne, og der er god plads til meget mere økologi på de danske marker. En stor sten på vejen er omlægning til økologi. For markedet kræver flere økologiske produkter end der produceres. Primærproducenterne tøver med at reagere på markedets signaler, og omlægning til økologisk produktion er for lille i Danmark. Det betyder et uudnyttet potentiale både for hjemmemarked og eksport. Men der er også andre sten på vejen. Derfor anbefaler den ny vidensyntese fem væsentlige, langsigtede strategiske indsatser, som skal sikre fremtiden for den økologiske sektor i Danmark. Anbefalingerne bygger på en række præmisser, eller vilkår, som vidensyntesen har klarlagt. ØKOLOGIENS FIRE POSITIVE LIVSVILKÅR Den markedsbaserede økologi i Danmark hviler ifølge vidensyntesen på fire positive grundforhold. 1. Der er et værdibaseret marked Markedsmulighederne for økologiske produkter er i dag overordentligt gode, og der er stor vækst i detailomsætningen. Eksporten er kun svagt stigende, mens importen er steget kraftigt. I Danmark har de seneste megatrends på fødevareområdet flyttet fokus for forbruget hen på værdibaseret forbrug, dvs. væk fra mængde og hen mod "mening med maden", "sund mad" og "anstændige fødevarer". Efterspørgslen efter økologiske fødevarer kobles sammen med symbolske aspekter og global ansvarlighed af et relativt stort forbrugersegment, som har en grundlæggende tillid til økologerne. 2. Detailhandlens interesse stimulerer til innovation og produktudvikling Vidensyntesen viser, at mange detailhandelskæder nu bruger økologien som en del af deres strategiske profil, fordi økologiske forbrugere tilhører trendsætterne inden for fødevarer. Der har fundet en positiv markedsinnovation sted, som blandt andet har øget tilgængeligheden og synligheden af økologiske varer. Detailhandelens ny interesse for – og øgede afsætning af – økologi har stimuleret interessen hos forarbejdningsvirksomhederne til innovation og produktudvikling. Derfor er der plads til en underskov af mindre økologiske virksomheder, men de skal bakkes op med viden på mange områder. 3. Økologisk produktion giver god driftsøkonomi Økologi giver generelt et højere afkast end konventionel produktion. Det gælder både heltidsplanteavl, kvægbrug og svinebrug, hvor dækningsbidrag og lønningsevne er højere blandt økologiske bedrifter. På trods af det, har der været en meget begrænset omlægning til økologi hos primærproducenterne i de senere år. Motivationen til at lægge om er faldet blandt konventionelle landmænd, som nu er afventende. For 2007 ses der en lille stigning i det økologiske areal og en nettotilgang på godt 40 bedrifter, men den overordnede forsyningssituation skal forbedres væsentligt. 4. Der er plads til meget mere økologi i Danmark Der er geografisk set særdeles gode muligheder for en større økologisk produktion i Danmark. Eksempelvis er der plads til en firedobling af økologisk mælkeproduktion, med udgangspunkt i de eksisterende bedrifter, og der ville stadig være plads til meget mere økologisk husdyrhold og planteavl. Økologisk jordbrug kunne bidrage væsentligt til at bevare naturværdier og fremme biologisk mangfoldighed i Danmark. Der er et vist overlap mellem de områder, der har stort potentiale for øget økologisk produktion, og de områder, hvor der er særlige samfundsmæssige forpligtelser og udfordringer med hensyn til naturbeskyttelse og udvikling af landskab og landdistrikter. Vidensyntesen anbefaler fem strategiske indsatser På baggrund af den økologiske sektors nuværende situation anbefaler vidensyntesen fem vigtige indsatsområder, hvor der bør sættes ind, hvis det fremtidige økologiske marked skal sikres. 1. Styrke positiv dynamik i forarbejdning og afsætning Markedet er modent til flere økologiske produkter. Værdibaseret efterspørgsel hos den trendsættende forbruger giver genklang i detailsektoren, og detailsektorens interesse stimulerer forarbejdningsvirksomheder og producenter. Den nuværende positive dynamik på markedet skal fortsættes og styrkes, blandt andet ved at understøtte produktudvikling. 2. Økologisk intensivering - omlægning halter efter efterspørgslen Der er akut behov for en målrettet og langsigtet indsats for øget omlægning til økologisk produktion. Indsatsen handler blandt andet om at formidle et attraktivt og visionært billede af økologi som en fremtidig del af landbruget, og skabe bedre vilkår for omlægning gennem langtidskontrakter. Derudover skal der udvikles nye typer af økologiske bedrifter, som kombinerer økologisk intensivering med multifunktionalitet og nye samarbejdsformer mellem specialiserede driftsgrene. 3. Styrke og opretholde forbrugertillid Vidensyntesen viser, at forbrugernes tillid er afgørende for udviklingen af det økologiske marked og produktionssystem. Tilliden skal derfor opretholdes gennem en fortsat forbedring af metoder til produktion og forarbejdning i harmoni med de økologiske principper. Og der skal sikres en åben og involverende kommunikationen med forbrugerne. 4. Skabe synergi mellem økologi og samfund Metoder for økologisk drift kan bidrage til at fremme natur og biodiversitet og kan reducere forurening af vandmiljø og udledning af drivhusgasser. Navnlig i udvalgte områder, hvor der er et særligt behov for beskyttelse, kan en større udbredelse af de økologiske arealer bidrage til den biologiske mangfoldighed. Der er også den mulighed at kombinere miljø og naturbeskyttelse med produktion af bioenergi og udvikling af nye specialprodukter. Mange økologiske landbrug vil gerne åbne deres gårde for besøgende, så naturoplevelser kan kombineres med kontakt til landbruget. 5. Indfri et stort behov for ny viden Vidensyntesen peger på, at der er stort behov for fortsat forskning og videnopbygning for at fremme udviklingen af økologisk fødevareproduktion og fødevaresystemer. Vigtige udviklingsområder er synergieffekter i sammensatte økologiske produktionsformer, økologisk intensivering og mere bevidst brug af mangfoldighed i og uden for markerne samt forædling. Desuden forarbejdning og mikro-processering og sektorens bidrag til natur, miljø og landdistriktsudvikling. %0 Edited Book %D 2008 %E Vesala, Kari Mikko %E Jarkko, Pyysiäinen %F orgprints:13278 %I Research Institute of Organic Agriculture FiBL, CH-Frick %K ESOF, socioeconmics, entrepreneurial skills %T Understanding Entrepreneurial Skills in the Farm Context %U http://orgprints.org/13278/ %X Strategic orientations on farms are becoming more diverse: in addition to those who focus on cost-effectiveness in conventional primary production, many farmers add value to their agricultural products through processing, direct sales and niche-products, or diversify their activities into non-agricultural businesses. This development indicates that farmers are taking the initiative and pursuing ways to develop their businesses. Obviously, this development implies the need for entrepreneurial skills. In this study entrepreneurial skills are understood as the skills of recognizing and realizing business opportunities, networking and utilizing contacts, as well as creating and evaluating a business strategy. Are these skills relevant in the farm context? Do farmers consider these skills important? How do they assess themselves regarding these skills? How do farmers explain the development of these skills? What could be done to enhance the development of these skills? This book’s aim is to answer these questions with the help of a detailed analysis of qualitative interviews with farmers in six European countries. The book reports the results from the main study of the EU-funded research project ´Developing Entrepreneurial Skills of Farmers` (ESoF). Both organic and conventional farmers were intereviewed. %0 Generic %D 2008 %E Kretzschmar, Ursula %F orgprints:14652 %K Verarbeitung, Lebensmittelqualität, Richtlinien, Gesetzgebungen %T Verarbeitung von Bio – Lebensmitteln – im Spannungsfeld von Richtlinien und Praxis %U http://orgprints.org/14652/ %X Programm Programm vom 2. September 2008, Morgen Zeit Thema ReferentIn 09.30 Begrüssung und Administration U. Kretzschmar, FiBL 09.40 Verwirrung in der Bio Verarbeitung: „who is who“ 10.00 Bioverarbeitung heute und morgen, die neue EU-Bio Verordnung und ihre Auswirkungen Ch. Müller, BLW 10.30 Spannungsfeld Label – BioV wo liegen noch die Unterschiede, welche Ziele verfolgen heute die Labels im veränderten Marktumfeld S. Küffer-Heer,Demeter, J. Schenkel, Bio Suisse und U. Kretzschmar, FiBL 11.15 Diskussion: alles in Bio, die richtige Strategie der letzten Jahre? U. Niggli,FiBL 11.30 Prinzip „true nature/ Wahrhaftigkeit“ was heisst das für das Bioprodukt in Bezug auf den Geschmack : Ziele und Wege des EU Projektes ECROPOLIS G. Wyss, FiBL 12.00 Mittagessen Programm vom 2. September 2008, Nachmittag Zeit Thema ReferentIn 13.30 – 14.00 Workshop 1 Kursraum 1, Gruppe rot: 14.10 – 14.40 "Nützlinge im Vorratsschutz: D. Fassbind, Desinfecta 14.50 – 15.20 Der Weg, weg von der Chemie?„ G. Wyss, FiBL 13.30 – 14.00 Workshop 2 Kursraum 2 ,Guppe grün: 14.10 – 14.40 "Überprüfung der Biozertifizierung Frank Roth, bio.inspecta 14.50 – 15.20 ihrer Lieferanten leicht gemacht" 13.30 – 14.00 Workshop 3 Kursraum Bibliothek , Gruppe blau: 14.10 – 14.40 "Umsetzung Änderungen bei der BioV" K. Seidel, FiBL 14.50 – 15.20 15.20 Schlusswort U. Steiner, bio.inspecta 15.30 Apéro in der Trotte %0 Generic %D 2008 %E Willer, Helga %E Yussefi-Menzler, Minou %E Sorensen, Neil %F orgprints:13123 %I IFOAM, Bonn and FiBL, Frick %K Statistics, organic farming world-wide, land use, Africa, Asia, Europe, North America, Latin America, Australia & Oceania %T The World of Organic Agriculture - Statistics and Emerging Trends 2008 %U http://orgprints.org/13123/ %X The 2008 edition of this annual publication documents recent developments in global organic agriculture. It includes contributions from representatives of the organic sector from throughout the world and provides comprehensive organic farming statistics that cover surface area under organic management, numbers of farms and specific information about commodities and land use in organic systems. The book also contains information on the global market of the burgeoning organic sector, the latest developments in organic certification, standards and regulations, and insights into current status and emerging trends for organic agriculture by continent. For this edition, all statistical data and regional review chapters have been thoroughly updated. Completely new chapters on organic agriculture in the Pacific, on the International Task Force on Harmonization and Equivalence in Organic Agriculture and on organic aquaculture have been added. %0 Edited Book %C London %D 2008 %E Willer, Helga %E Yussefi-Menzler, Minou %E Sorensen, Neil %F orgprints:18420 %I Earthscan %K Statistics, organic farming world-wide, land use, Africa, Asia, Europe, North America, Latin America, Australia & Oceania %T The World of Organic Agriculture - Statistics and Emerging Trends 2008 %U http://orgprints.org/18420/ %X The 2008 edition of this annual publication documents recent developments in global organic agriculture. It includes contributions from representatives of the organic sector from throughout the world and provides comprehensive organic farming statistics that cover surface area under organic management, numbers of farms and specific information about commodities and land use in organic systems. The book also contains information on the global market of the burgeoning organic sector, the latest developments in organic certification, standards and regulations, and insights into current status and emerging trends for organic agriculture by continent. For this edition, all statistical data and regional review chapters have been thoroughly updated. Completely new chapters on organic agriculture in the Pacific, on the International Task Force on Harmonization and Equivalence in Organic Agriculture and on organic aquaculture have been added. %0 Conference Paper %A Abecassis, Joël %A David, Christophe %A Fontaine, Laurence %A Taupier-Létage, Bruno %A Viaux, P. %D 2008 %F orgprints:12529 %K organic wheat, flour, bread, nutritional quality, baking quality, taste, flavour %T A multidisciplinary approach to improve the quality of organic wheat-bread chain %U http://orgprints.org/12529/ %X The main challenge for organic farmers, millers and bakers is to fulfill consumers’ expectations of providing healthy and safe products. The quality of organic grain can be modulated by agronomic modifications on genotypes, crop management, crop rotation and soil fertility, but the milling process and finally the baking process are also key factors in producing bread of high baking quality, nutritional value, taste and flavour. Nitrogen (N) is a key nutrient in achieving acceptable yield levels of sufficient bread-making quality, but previous results have shown that organic wheat tends to have lower protein content, dough mixing tolerance and loaf volume. The selection of genotypes with high N use efficiency, weed competitiveness and disease resistance allowed improving the agronomic performance. Besides protein content and protein composition, the baking performance of organic wheat bread also depended on flour starch damage, amylase activity, ash content and particle size distribution. The milling technique had a critical effect on both baking performance and nutritional value whereas the baking process may improve the bioavailability of minerals through acidification process (sourdough). Finally, this programme allowed to better characterize stakes and constraints of the whole organic wheat-flour-bread chain due to a multidisciplinary approach. %0 Conference Paper %A Abel, Sabine %A Weissensteiner, Roswitha %A Marien, Charlotte %A Zollitsch, Werner %A Sundrum, Albert %D 2008 %F orgprints:11811 %K feeding strategy, pork quality, intramuscular fat, on-farm research %T Effects of a feeding strategy to increase intramuscular fat content of pork under the conditions of organic farming %U http://orgprints.org/11811/ %X Eating quality of pork is to a high degree influenced by the intramuscular fat (IMF) content. In previous studies under standardized conditions the feeding strategy was identified as a main source of variation for the IMF content in pork. In this study the effect of the implementation of a specific feeding strategy using a high portion of home-grown grain legumes on the IMF content of pork, was assessed under different conditions on German and Austrian farms. Results showed that IMF content ranged on a comparably high level of about 2.2 %. In contradiction to previous results under standardized conditions the factor feeding had no significant influence on the IMF. The feeding effect was overlapped by heterogeneous conditions on the different farms. IMF content showed greater variation between the farms than between groups within each farm. %0 Generic %A Abel, Hj. %A Isselstein, J. %A Brinkmann, G. %A Pekrun, C. %A Röver, K.-U. %A Görber-Golze, B. %D 2008 %F orgprints:13621 %K BÖL, BOEL, FKZ 03OE475/F, FKZ 03OE475, Netzwerk, Tierernährung, Rinderfütterung, Schweinefütterung, Geflügelfütterung, Bio-Fütterung, Öko-Fütterung %T Analyse und Bewertung zu Stand und Entwicklungsmöglichkeiten von Futterbau und Tierernährung im ökologischen Landbau - Themenbezogenes Netzwerk Tierernährung im Ökologischen Landbau %U http://orgprints.org/13621/ %X Das Ziel des Vorhabens war es, ein Netzwerk zum Thema „Futterbau und Tierernährung im Ökologischen Landbau“ zu etablieren. Es soll dazu dienen, Fachleute aus der landwirtschaftlichen Praxis, der Beratung und der Forschung zu verbinden, um einen Wissensaustausch zu ermöglichen und durch inter- und transdisziplinäre Diskussionen Entwicklungsperspektiven aufzuzeigen. Zur detaillierten Analyse und Bewertung der Problematik wurden Arbeitsgruppen gebildet, die für die Bereiche Rinder-, Schweine- und Geflügelfütterung jeweils den Handlungsbedarf aufzeigen und Lösungsansätze für die bedarfsgerechte Versorgung dieser Nutztiere insbesondere im Hinblick auf die Umsetzung der 100 % Biofütterung erarbeiten sollten. Ergänzend dazu wurde eine umfangreiche Literaturrecherche und Schwachstellenanalyse durchgeführt. Die Steuerungsgruppe als zentrales Organ legte die Arbeitsweise des Netzwerks fest und gab die Inhalte vor, die als Grundlage für Diskussionen und wissenschaftliche Auseinandersetzungen dienen sollten. Sie wirkte beratend bei der Ausarbeitung der Schwachstellenanalyse mit und formulierte die Ziele des im Rahmen des Projektes durchgeführten Workshops. Die Koordination des gesamten Vorhabens oblag dem Zentrum Landwirtschaft und Umwelt der Universität Göttingen. Auf einem Workshop im März 2007 wurden die Ergebnisse der Netzwerkarbeit vorgestellt und mit Experten aus Wissenschaft, Beratung und Praxis diskutiert und bewertet. Empfehlungen für Futterbau und Tierernährung im ökologischen Landbau wurden differenziert nach Umsetzungs- und Forschungsbedarf formuliert. Zusätzlich wurden die Ergebnisse in der Zeitschrift „Ökologie und Landbau“ in Form eines Sonderheftes publiziert und so einer breiten landwirtschaftlichen Fachöffentlichkeit zugänglich gemacht. Die Arbeit im Netzwerk hat sich als effiziente Methode erwiesen, vorhandenes Wissen zwischen und innerhalb der einzelnen Disziplinen und Institutionen zu transferieren und zu bündeln. Sie sollte im Interesse aller Beteiligten weitergeführt werden, um den wissenschaftlichen Austausch weiter zu entwickeln und für Kooperationen in der Forschung, aber auch zwischen Praxis und Forschung zu nutzen. %0 Conference Paper %A Abreu, Dr. Santiago de Lucimar %A Watanabe, Dr. Maria Aico %D 2008 %F orgprints:12057 %K Food security, agrobiodiversity, small farmers, deforestation, ethical values %T Agro forestry systems and food security among smallholder farmers of the Brazilian Amazon: A strategy for environmental global crisis %U http://orgprints.org/12057/ %X The Amazon is known for its environmental importance for the climatic equilibrium, for its abundance and richness in biodiversity and its preservation is important to reduce global heating. Nevertheless, little research has analysed the possible positive role of the local farm population for environmental conservation. The paper investigates the possibility to conciliate the environmental conservation with the small farming expansion in the Amazon, to build agrobiodiversity, and at the same time improve food security. This social practice consequently would contribute to the reduction of deforestation and could thus falsify the old diagnosis of incriminating the poor farmers for forest and soil destruction. The study was conducted by the Associação de Produtores Alternativos, localized in territory of Ouro Preto d’ Oeste, Rondônia, in the Southwest of the Amazon. The study documented a number of forest preservation and agroecological methods used and concludes that institutional support to strengthening of social organization and local sustainable development projects is fundamental for the consolidation and amplification of the ecological experiences in the Amazon. %0 Generic %A Abreu, Lucimar Santiago de %A Kledal, Paul Rye %A Pettan, Klebber %A Rabello, Fernando %A Mendes, Sergio C. %D 2008 %F orgprints:14848 %K Organic production, Brazil, São Paulo, Procurement systems %T Development and current situation of organic agriculture in Brazil and the State of Sao Paulo. %U http://orgprints.org/14848/ %X A description of the organic production in Brazil as well as an in-depth analysis of the organic sector in the State of Sao Paulo. %0 Conference Paper %A ADEOLUWA, DR OLUGBENGA O. %A ADEOYE, PROFESSOR GIDEON O. %D 2008 %F orgprints:12808 %K Organic agriculture, Oil palm seedlings, empty fruit bunch, cow dung, Fertilizer %T Potential of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) as Fertilizer in Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis L Jacq.) Nurseries %U http://orgprints.org/12808/ %X Oil palm is one of the major oil crops in the world. Oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) could serve as an alternative and cheaper organic fertilizer in oil palm farms. This study investigated the value of composts of different forms of EFB for raising oil palm in the nursery. The experiment, which covered the pre-nursery (< 3 months) and nursery stages (3-13 months) used different EFB: cow dung ratios (100:0, 90:10, 80:20, 70:30 and 60:40) as compost as well as cow dung only and mineral fertilizer (NPKMg 12-12-17-2). The composts were added to the soil at the rate of 4.8 g N /plant. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block with three replicates. Data were collected on dry weight, nutrient concentrations, and soil pH changes. Oil palm seedlings under the application of unsoaked oil palm EFB and cow dung (60:40) were significantly (p< 0.05) higher in dry weight (18.0 g / plant) than those from the mineral fertilizer and control treatments (15.7 and 10.5 g / plant respectively ) in the nursery stage. Composts of unsoaked EFB and cow dung (ratio 60:40) was more suitable for raising oil palm seedlings in the nursery than other treatments used. %0 Conference Paper %A Aghaalikhani, Dr. Majid %A Ehteshami, Dr. Seyyed Mohammad Reza %D 2008 %F orgprints:11833 %K Maize, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Glomus intraradices, Phosphorus, Water Deficit Stress %T Biological profitability of maize inoculation with selected rhizosphere micro organisms (Pseudomonas fluorescens and Glomus intraradices) under Water Deficit Stress %U http://orgprints.org/11833/ %X This research focused on evaluating the usefulness of an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (Glomus intraradices) and a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium (Pseudomonas fluorescens) to maize growth under water deficit stress. Field experiment was conducted at Soil and water research institute, Karaj Station, Iran, during 2006 growing season. Biological positive effects of the micro organisms on plant growth, nutrient uptake, grain yield and yield components in maize plants was recorded in the treatment receiving mixed inoculums of G. intraradices and P. fluorescens. Maize shoot P content, grain yield, yield components, harvest index, grain N and P, soil available P, root colonization percentage and water use efficiency increased significantly with the G. intraradices inoculation and P. fluorescens, alone or in combination under water deficit stress. The highest profitability was observed in the combined treatment of inoculation with G. intraradices and P. fluorescens, which synergistically increased plant growth compared with other treatments. %0 Conference Paper %A Ahokas, Jukka %D 2008 %F orgprints:16021 %I Nordic Association of Agricultural Scientists %K bioenergy, research %T Field bioenergy in Finland, possibilities and challenges %U http://orgprints.org/16021/ %X Challenges for field bioenergy research: analysis methods, decrease of fossil energy consumption, if energy plants are used, 'waste' utilization, cultivation method, biofuel or biofuel raw material production on farms, changes in agricultural product prices and markets, new fuels. %0 Conference Paper %A Ahrens, Frank %A Pollmüller, Tanja %A Sünkel, Yvonne %A Bussemas, Ralf %A Weissmann, Friedrich %A Erhard, Michael Helmut %D 2008 %F orgprints:12252 %K Organic piglet production, prolonged suckling period, weaning age, immune system, BÖL, BOEL, FKZ 03OE378 %T Prolonged suckling period in organic piglet production – effects on selected immunological parameters %U http://orgprints.org/12252/ %X During weaning, piglets are under strain from the loss of their dam, the change in feed, and a new microbiological environment. How much this strain influences the piglets depends mostly on their immune system. Piglets from organic production are weaned later (at least 40 days) than piglets from conventional rearing, but the performance and health status of organic piglets are often not satisfying. Therefore, it was the aim to investigate whether a prolonged suckling period of 63 days results in better immune status of piglets than with weaning at day 42. To answer that question we vaccinated piglets at different times with a “known” (by vaccination of dam) and an “unknown” antigen and analysed the plasma for immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentration and the antigen-specific IgG antibodies by ELISA. Two farrowing cycles of 36 sows were recorded. Time of vaccination did not influence IgG concentration. In contrast, early weaned piglets showed a higher IgG concentration on day 49 than late weaned piglets. During the first farrowing cycle a significant immune response against both antigens was present in piglets vaccinated on day 42. Such a response was not found in piglets vaccinated on day 63 and in piglets of the second farrowing cycle. In conclusion, the results did not show an improved immune status of piglets undergoing a suckling period of 63 days. %0 Conference Paper %A Akouègnon, Dipl.-Ing.sc.agr. Guy-Erick %A Hoffmann, Prof.Dr. Volker %A Schultze-Kraft, Prof.Dr. Rainer %D 2008 %F orgprints:11620 %K legume adoption, soil fertility, ethnoeconomics, local knowledge, Bénin %T Options for improving soil fertility in the southern part of the Republic of Bénin: Where does Mucuna find its niche? %U http://orgprints.org/11620/ %X Empirical evidence has shown that small-scale farmers can use a non-food, green manure legume as soil-fertilising technology only if it provides immediate benefits other than soil fertility improvement. In the southern part of the Republic of Bénin, however, subsistence-oriented farmers chose Mucuna pruriens exclusively for soil fertility. In this they had the opportunity to select dual-purpose grain legumes for both soil fertility and food without season loss. The rationale behind this apparently irrational choice lies in the differentiated and economically sound land allocation to Mucuna and grain legumes. %0 Conference Paper %A Al-Bitar, Lina %A Wehbé, Elias %A Ayoub, Mohamed %A Jamea, Mostafa %D 2008 %F orgprints:12270 %K Nitrogen fertility, crop rotation, self- reseeding legumes, subsequent crops %T Annual self-reseeding legumes effect on subsequent crops into a rotation program in Mediterranean organic farming systems %U http://orgprints.org/12270/ %X Biological Nitrogen fixation (BNF) should be the most important means for N supply in organic agriculture. This study aimed at assessing the effect of fifteen legume cultivars on subsequent crops in three consecutive growing seasons to identify the most efficient and suitable ones as building crops in rotation programs under Mediterranean environment. T. subterraneum cv. York and T. glanduliferum cv. Prima, induced the best effects on wheat, particularly on total biomass, number of grains, dry matter production and increased yield by 670% and 567% respectively more than the control. %0 Conference Paper %A Al-Oun, M. %A Browne, A. W. %A Harris, P. J. C. %A Barrett, H. R. %A Olabiyi, T. I. %A Wright, J. %D 2008 %F orgprints:11728 %K Action plan, adoption, Jordan, organic farming %T An Action Plan to Promote the Adoption of Organic Farming in Jordan %U http://orgprints.org/11728/ %X For organic farming to be adopted it should be simple, understandable in its concept and easy to practise. In this research, results show that the adoption of organic farming in Jordan is perceived as a complex issue surrounded by uncertainty and not easy to practise. Therefore, this paper suggests an action plan to help the government of Jordan, and other countries to promote and ease the adoption of organic farming. %0 Conference Paper %A Alakukku, Laura %A Ristolainen, Antti %A Nuutinen, Visa %D 2008 %F orgprints:15123 %I Nordic Association of Agricultural Scientists %K physical properties, clay soils %N 3 %P 16 %T Differences in physical properties of two clay soils %U http://orgprints.org/15123/ %V 4 %X We studied the physical properties of two clay soils (J1 and J2) having relatively similar texture but differing cultivation properties J2 being more sensitive to dry and wet conditions. The general assumption that the productivity of heavy clay soils is mainly threatened by excessive wetness holds in both fields. %0 Conference Paper %A Alizadeh, Ali %A Javanmardi, Jamal %A Abdollazadeh, Negar %A Liaghat, Zahra %D 2008 %F orgprints:11522 %K Organic vegetables, Awareness, Demand, Preference. %T Consumers’ Awareness, Demands and Preferences for Organic Vegetables: A Survey Study in Shiraz, Iran %U http://orgprints.org/11522/ %X Some Iranian vegetable producers use a lot of chemicals, but not in a safe way or at the optimum level. There are several reports about chemical residues in vegetables that have serious side effects on human health and the environment in that country. On other hand, many Iranian farmers traditionally use organic production practices, but organic cultivation in Iran is not in accordance with international regulations. Since vegetables are the most important category of organic products, and since the future of organic agriculture will largely depend on consumer demand, a survey of 470 respondents was performed in Shiraz regarding their level of awareness about organic vegetables, their tendency to consume of organic vegetables, the effect of proper appearance of vegetables on the tendency to purchase organic vegetables and the importance of the organic label and certification of organic vegetables. Results showed that about half of the respondents have knowledge of organic vegetables and that their tendency to consume organic vegetable is very high. The results also showed that proper appearance does not effect the tendency to purchase organic vegetables, and that almost all consumers prefer to purchase organic vegetables labelled as certfied. It is suggested that organic vegetable production be introduced and supported by the Iranian government. %0 Conference Paper %A Almatni, W. %A Khalil, N. %D 2008 %E Boos, Markus %F orgprints:13654 %K Almond, Peach, aphids, natural enemies, As-Sweida, Syria %P 109-115 %T A primary survey of aphid species on almond and peach, and natural enemies of Brachycaudus amygdalinus in As-Sweida, Southern Syria %U http://orgprints.org/13654/ %X Syria is one of the biggest almond producer country in the world. Few arthropdes that live on almond are consider as pests. Aphids are one of the major pests their. In order to change the product to organic we should know more about the pests and their natural enemies in order to use better bio- and organic decisions. A field survey was done to aphids that attack Almond and Peach in Al-Arab mountain at As- Sweida governorate, between 2002 and 2006. Three species of aphids were considered as important pests on both trees. They are Brachycaudus amygdalinus and Brachycaudus helichrysi, which are aphids that feed on the young leaves causing stunted growth; and Pterochloroides persicae which is a species that attack the bark and excretes large quantities of honeydew. A survey of natural enemies of B. amygdalinus has been done in addition to study its population dynamics during the seasons of 2002, 2003 and 2004. 30 species of natural enemies were recorded includes 15 Coccinellidae, 4 of each Anthocoridae and Miridae, 3 of Syrphidae, one species of each of Chrysopidae and Chamaemyiidae, and one beetle, in addition to one parasitoid. Some Arachinids were also mentioned to prey on this aphid. Most numerous predator at the beginning of the season was Coccinella septempunctata followed later with Scymnus (Pullus) subvillosus and Hyppodamia variegate. Most numerous predatory bug was Orius horvathi. %0 Thesis %9 Masters %A Almeida, Gustavo Fonseca de %B Centro de Ciências Agrárias %C Araras %D 2008 %F orgprints:20909 %I Universidade Federal de São Carlos %K Princípios agroecológicos, biodiversidade, cooperativismo, comércio justo, globalização, Agroecological principles, biodiversity, cooperatives, fair trade, globalization. Agrovoc code: 92381 Agroecology, 33949 Biodiversity, 10090 Cooperatives, 37880 Globalization %T Agricultura familiar: estratégias produtivas de base ecológica e aplicação de princípios da agroecologia %U http://orgprints.org/20909/ %X A dissertação de mestrado apresenta uma análise das estratégias produtivas de unidades certificadas de uma cooperativa de agricultores familiares de Itápolis - SP. Verificou-se nessas unidades a aplicação de princípios da agroecologia recomendados pela agricultura de base ecológica, em observância à agrobiodiversidade, à reciclagem de material e aos aspectos socioeconômicos do processo de conversão e transição agroecológica. A pesquisa desenvolveu-se por meio da complementaridade de abordagens proporcionada pela combinação de métodos de pesquisa sociológica e agronômica, por meio de entrevistas qualitativas e aplicação de questionários com questões semi-estruturadas. Concluiu-se que o estabelecimento de relações econômicas entre a cooperativa e uma entidade internacional de comércio tem estimulado aumento expressivo na diversificação produtiva e na aplicação de princípios da agricultura de base ecológica, bem como proporcionando uma visível mudança de atitude quanto à exploração dos recursos naturais da região, localizada em uma das bacias hidrográficas mais degradadas do estado de São Paulo em razão da poluição por agroquímicos e pesticidas e da ausência de matas nativas. %0 Conference Paper %A Alonso, Antonio M. %A González, Rodrigo %A Foraster, Laia %A Guzmán, Gloria I. %A García, Roberto %D 2008 %F orgprints:12687 %K Organic Farming, Ecological Agriculture, Agroecology, Sustainable Agriculture, Energy Efficiency %T A comparison of energy use in organic and conventional agriculture in Spain %U http://orgprints.org/12687/ %X The current situation of worldwide concern over the emission of greenhouse gases and its effect on the climate demands an evaluation, from the perspective of energy efficiency and more specifically of non-renewable energy sources, of tendencies for change in the management of agricultural systems that have arisen in recent years. This article uses energy balances to evaluate the contribution of organic agriculture to the increase in the energy efficiency of Spanish agriculture. The results show the higher nonrenewable energy efficiency (NREE) and the lower use of nonrenewable energy (NRE) in organic systems compared with conventional ones. Nevertheless, agricultural systems in general could still improve their energy efficiency. %0 Generic %A Alrøe, Hugo Fjelsted %A Noe, Egon %D 2008 %F orgprints:8084 %I Inderscience Publishers %K organic farming, regulation, perspectives, reflexive, actor network, semiotics, conventionalisation, values %N 1/2 %P 5-22 %T What makes organic agriculture move - protest, meaning or market? A polyocular approach to the dynamics and governance of organic agriculture %U http://orgprints.org/8084/ %V 7 %X Many different actors have hopes and aspirations for the future of organic agriculture. They have different perspectives on organic agriculture with different understandings of what it is and what makes it move. Each perspective entails a certain understanding of organic agriculture featuring certain concepts and values and a particular logic or rationality. It is important to acknowledge this heterogeneity when investigating the dynamics and governance of organic agriculture. We suggest a polyocular approach that facilitates a comprehensive and balanced understanding of organic agriculture by enabling us to handle different perspectives reflexively. To illustrate this approach we describe three significant perspectives on organic agriculture based on protest, meaning and market. No perspective is the ‘right’ one and, we claim, different perspectives on organic agriculture cannot be merged to one. We hope that polyocularity as a general analytical tool, and the three specific perspectives, will be helpful in understanding the future development of organic agriculture and how it may be influenced. %0 Conference Paper %A Altieri, Dr Miguel %A Lovato, Dr. Paulo %A Lana, Mr Marcos %A Bittencourt, Mr Henrique %D 2008 %F orgprints:12338 %T Testing and scaling-up agroecologically based organic conservation tillage systems for family farmers in southern Brazil %U http://orgprints.org/12338/ %X In southern Brazil several small farmers developed an innovative organic conservation tillage system (OCT) that does not depend on herbicides for weed control but relies instead on the use of cover crop mixtures (including various combinations of rye, vetch and raphanus) that leave a thick residue mulch layer on which traditional grain crops are directly planted, suffering very little weed interference during the growing season and reaching agronomically acceptable yield levels. Our research showed that the rye, fodder radish and vetch mixture effectively suppressed emergence of summer annual weeds in OCT systems. Because of the allelopathic effect of phytotoxins associated with the cover crops residues, farmers avoid toxic effects by placing crop seeds below the toxic layer (allelopathic zone) formed by the phytotoxins leached a short distance (5-10cm) from the mulch into the soil. In addition to weed suppression, residues also have positive effects on subsequent crops from increased soil quality parameters, improved crop nutrition, and in some cases suppression of soil-borne pathogens. Yields in most cases are 5-10% lower in OCT systems when compared to CT systems, but such differences are easily offset by the lower costs of production and the environmental benefits of OCT systems. In our trials the combination of grass and legumes enhanced biomass production and therefore mulch thickness, weed suppression, and organic matter inputs. %0 Conference Paper %A Amador, Gisaine de Andrade %A Keuroglian, Alexine %A Eaton, Donald P. %A Guimaraes, Jóber %A Santos, Sandra Aparecida %D 2008 %F orgprints:17365 %K Gado de corte, Sistema de pastejo, Pastagem nativa Beef cattle, Rotative system, Native pasture AGROVOC codes: 862 Beef cattle, 6662 Crop rotation, 5089 Natural pastures %P 122-125 %T Avaliação preliminar de um sistema rotacionado em pastagens nativas no Pantanal %U http://orgprints.org/17365/ %X O sistema rotacionado de pastagens é uma forma de manejo desenvolvida para garantir melhor eficiência na utilização da forragem, numa determinada área de pastagem. Neste estudo foram apresentados alguns resultados preliminares sobre um projeto piloto que visa avaliar a implantação de um sistema rotacionado, com pastagens nativas, numa fazenda particular na sub-região da Nhecolândia, Pantanal, MS. Este estudo piloto indicou que as novilhas mantidas em sistema rotacionado tiveram um melhor ganho de peso, quando comparadas com novilhas da mesma categoria mantidas em sistema contínuo, mas no ano anterior. Porém, como no Pantanal a dinâmica das pastagens é variável entre anos, estudos adicionais devem ser feitos comparando o sistema rotacionado com o contínuo, num mesmo ano, com condições de pastagens similares, associado com a avaliação do estado de conservação dessas pastagens. %0 Generic %A Andersen, Laura Mørch %D 2008 %F orgprints:15154 %T Er det godt for miljøet, er det også godt for mig %U http://orgprints.org/15154/ %X Forbrugere, der har tillid til at økologi gavner deres egen sundhed, tror næsten altid på, at det også gavner miljøet og dyrenes velfærd. %0 Generic %A Andersen, Laura Mørch %D 2008 %F orgprints:15151 %I Økologisk Landsforening %T Hønen eller ægget? %U http://orgprints.org/15151/ %V 413 %X Køber forbrugerne økologiske æg for at forbedre dyrevelfærden eller for at opnå en bedre sundhed for sig selv og familien? %0 Generic %A Andersen, Laura Mørch %D 2008 %F orgprints:15156 %I Økologisk Landsforening %T Økologi med positiv klimaeffekt: Ja tak %U http://orgprints.org/15156/ %X Forbrugerne har stor tillid til, at økologiske varer bidrager til at reducere drivhuseffekten, og det påvirker til en vis grad deres indkøb. %0 Conference Paper %A Anspach, Dipl.-Ing.agr. Victor %A Möller, Prof. Dr. Detlev %D 2008 %F orgprints:12269 %K economics, energy, biogas plants, modelling, internal benefits %T Biogas and Organic Farming: Empirical evidence on production structure and economics in Germany %U http://orgprints.org/12269/ %X Biogas production has an increasing importance on organic farms in Germany. Biogas plants have the possibility to produce energy, soil fertility and positive returns on capital. Yet previously no studies on the structure, economic outcomes and internal benefits of biogas production on organic farms existed. Therefore in 2006 and 2007 an empirical study, designed as a census, has been carried out to investigate these questions. Based on the empirical study a simulation model was built to analyse the economic potential. The highest economic potential, particularly if organic food and energy production are to be accomplished, was found for biogas plants which are mainly residual-based and on a farm scale size. The construction of small but also low priced biogas plants for organic farms will be a challenge. %0 Conference Paper %A ANTICHI, DR. D. %A MAZZONCINI, PROF. M. %A BARBERI, PROF. P. %A BIGONGIALI, DR. F. %A CARPI, DR. G. %D 2008 %F orgprints:12311 %K cover crops, nitrogen, mixtures, weeds %T Leguminous cover crops: an important tool for improving resource use efficiency in organic arable cropping systems %U http://orgprints.org/12311/ %X Cover crops are one of the most effective tools for organic farmers to improve the efficiency of their agro-ecosystems, while also reducing economic costs and environmental problems. The choice and usefulness of a cover crop species strictly depend on its adaptability to specific climate and soil conditions, but also on its relationships with other species (crops and weeds) and on the quality of farm management. Nine different pure species and three species mixtures were cultivated for two years as winter cover crops in a rainfed stockless arable organic cropping system as part of the MASCOT long-term experiment. Leguminous cover crops showed the highest level of biomass production in both years. Hairy vetch (Vicia villosa), either in pure stand or in mixture with grasses, was the most productive and stable species, and had the highest N uptake (ca. 200 kg ha-1). Besides, leguminous species significantly increased the content of N (up to 100%) and P (up to 50%) in weeds and associated grass crops, probably as a result of increased nutrient availability in soil through root exudates. %0 Thesis %9 Masters %A Araújo, J.C. %B Produção Vegetal %D 2008 %F orgprints:22665 %I Universidade de São Paulo %K Agricultura orgânica, Feijão, Produção vegetal, Variedades vegetais Organic agriculture, Common bean, Vegetable production, Vegetable varieties. %T Avaliação de cultivares de feijão (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) para o sistema orgânico de produção %U http://orgprints.org/22665/ %X Com o objetivo de avaliar as características, as produções e os comportamentos das diferentes cultivares de feijão de inverno irrigado em sistema de produção orgânico, conduziu-se um experimento na área experimental pertencente à Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz/Universidade de São Paulo, localizada na Fazenda Areão e no núcleo experimental do Grupo de Agricultura Orgânica Amaranthus. Os seguintes parâmetros foram avaliados: a produtividade, número de flores por planta, número de vagens por planta, número de grãos por vagem, o índice de área foliar bem como o teor de nutrientes para cada variedade. As variedades analisadas foram do Grupo Carioca: BRS-Pérola, BRS-Aporé, IAC- Votuporanga e IPR- Juriti, e do Grupo Preto: IAC-Tunã e BRS-Valente. De acordo com o que foi analisado, os resultados permitem concluir que: (i) não houve diferença estatística entre os tratamentos, (ii) todas as cultivares avaliadas apresentaram ótimo desempenho sob manejo orgânico. %0 Generic %A Araújo Neto, Sebastião Elviro de %A Ferreira, Regina Lécia Félix %A Pontes, Frederico Silva Thé %A Negreiros, Jacson Rondinelli da Silva %D 2008 %F orgprints:20296 %K Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa, Agroecologia, Análise financeira, Maracujazeiro, Agroecology, Financial analysis Agr0v0c code: 92381 Agroecology, 5618 Passiflora edulis, 29967 Financial analysis %N 4 %P 940-945 %T Rentabilidade econômica do maracujazeiro-amarelo plantado em covas e em plantio direto sob manejo orgânico. %U http://orgprints.org/20296/ %V 30 %X O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a rentabilidade econômica do maracujazeiro-amarelo plantado em covas e em plantio direto sob manejo orgânico no Acre. Avaliaram-se cinco tipos de preparo do solo: T1 – plantio direto com cova do tamanho do torrão(0,19 m x 0,063 m), com adubação em cobertura; T2 - cova de 0,30 x 0,30 x 0,30 m, com adubação de plantio na cova; T3 - Idem T2, com adubação em cobertura; T4 - cova de 0,50 x 0,50 x 0,50 m, com adubação de plantio na cova, e T5 - Idem T4, com adubação em cobertura. Os custos econômicos e operacionais médios foram maiores para os sistemas com plantio em covas de 0,50 m, por apresentarem elevado custo total de produção e menor produtividade. A receita líquida foi maior nos sistemas de preparo com covas de 0,30 m, com adubação na cova (R$10.234,19/ha) e em cobertura (R$11.501,44/ha) – e no plantio direto (R$8.925,08/ha). Em todos os tratamentos, a situação econômica foi de lucro supernormal, assim a tendência é de mais agricultores entrarem na atividade. %0 Conference Paper %A Armengot, Laura %A José María, Laura %A Chamorro, Dr. Lourdes %A Romero, Albert %A Sans, Dr. F. Xavier %D 2008 %F orgprints:11869 %K Avena sterilis, invasion, diversity, croppng system, weeds %T The effect of Avena sterilis L. invasion on weed abundance and diversity in conventional and organic cereal fields in the Mediterranean region %U http://orgprints.org/11869/ %X The aim of this paper is to analyse the growth of the native invader weed Avena sterilis L. (wild oat) and its invasion effect on weed community abundance and diversity in relation to cropping system (organic vs. conventional) in dryland cereal fields under Mediterranean conditions. To achieve this, a comparative experimental design involving one conventional and one nearby organic field was used. Our results show that the effect of A. sterilis invasion on resident weeds and cereal biomass depended on the cropping system. Species richness and diversity of weed community were more negatively affected by the invasion in the conventional field, whereas cereal biomass was drastically reduced in the organic field. The cropping system did not affect the invasive ability of A. sterilis, but the higher A. sterilis biomass recorded in the conventional field suggests strong potential long-term invasions in this system. %0 Conference Paper %A Arnault, mrs I %A Vey, Mr F %A Fleurance, M C %A Nabil, Mrs H %A Auger, Mr J %D 2008 %F orgprints:11689 %K biofumigation, Allium spp, by-products %T SOIL FUMIGATION WITH ALLIUM SULFUR VOLATILES AND ALLIUM BY-PRODUCTS %U http://orgprints.org/11689/ %X Like Brassicaeae spp., Allium spp.have biofumigation properties attributed to sulfur components, mainly three disulfides: dimethyl disulfide (DMDS), dipropyl disulfide (DPDS); and diallyl disulfide (DADS), with an efficacy superior to that of DMDS. In this study, the biofumigant activity of Allium (onion and leek) by-products was investigated in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, the experimental model consisted of a host-pathogen system: cucumber-Pythium ultimum. The results of the bioassay show that cucumber plants in compost inoculated with the pathogen and containing onion or leek by-products show better vegetative growth than the control. In vivo, soil biodisinfection with onion by-products in asparagus leads to a yield intermediate between the untreated soil and the methyl bromide treatment. Another aim of the present study was to get more data about the nematicidal activity of disulfides. The activity of DMDS and DADS was evaluated on two nematode species. %0 Generic %A Arncken-Karutz, Christine %D 2008 %F orgprints:14200 %K Anbautechnik einjährige Kulturen, Bodenwissenschaften, DOK-Versuch, Weizen, ökologischer Landbau, biologische und konventionelle Bewirtschaftungsverfahren, Züchtung, Nahrungsqualität %N 3/2008 %P 42-45 %T Gestalt, Geruch und Geschmack von Weizen im DOK-Versuch %U http://orgprints.org/14200/ %X Welche unterschiedlichen Qualitäten von Weizen entstehen durch die biologischdynamische, die organischbiologische und die konventionelle Wirtschaftsweise? Wie können sie ganzheitlich erfasst werden? Wie reagieren die Pflanzen als Ganze und als Bestand auf die verschiedenen Anbauweisen? Mit diesen Fragen wurde während der Jahre 1998 bis 2000 die Winterweizensorte „Tamaro” in einem Langzeit-Feldversuch (DOK-Versuch) beobachtet und untersucht. Dabei wurde Wert auf Erfahrungen gelegt, die mit Hilfe der "unbewaffneten" menschlichen Sinne gemacht werden können. So kann der Begriff "Qualität" mit konkreten Erlebnissen gesättigt werden, die jeder aufmerksame und interessierte Mensch haben kann. Solche Erlebnisse brauchen Landwirte und Konsumenten für ihre täglichen Handlungsentscheidungen. %0 Generic %A Arruda, Carlos Alberto Simões de %A Vilanova, Silvia Regina Fernandes %A Chichorro, José Franklim %D 2008 %F orgprints:22396 %K Desenvolvimento local, Ruralidade, Folclore. Local development, Rurality, Folklore. %N 2 %P 149-157 %T Turismo rural e agricultura familiar: o caso de Nossa Senhora do Livramento-MT. %U http://orgprints.org/22396/ %V 9 %X Este artigo discute o turismo rural e a agricultura familiar como possibilidades do desenvolvimento local em Nossa Senhora do Livramento MT sugere usar de maneira eficiente e de formas alternativa os recursos ambientais existentes através da agricultura orgânica, do artesanato, agregando valores a produtos naturais e a produção existente e organizar o setor. No trabalho foi identificado pouco intercambio de informação entre as duas estratégias, fator que com certeza demonstra as reais necessidades de estudo e planejamento que possa aportar e melhor desenvolver o rural distribuindo renda e qualidade de vida das pessoas que ali residem e exercem influência direta na racionalidade do uso dos recursos ambientais. %0 Generic %A Ascard, Johan %A Fogelberg, Fredrik %D 2008 %F orgprints:15415 %I A B Academic Publishers %K bulb onions, physical weed control, Swedish vegetable production, torsion weeding, flame weeding, %P 235-251 %T Mechanical In-Row Weed Control in Transplanted and Direct-Sown Bulb Onions %U http://orgprints.org/15415/ %V 25 %X Different strategies for mechanical in-row weed control were evaluated in direct-sown and transplanted bulb onions (Allium cepa) in terms of in-row weeds, labour requirements for hand weeding and marketable yield. Transplanted onions generally performed much better than direct sown onions. The best strategies in transplanted onions decreased the hand weeding time by 70% and increased marketable yield by 96% compared with the best strategies in direct-sown onions. In transplanted onions, one weed harrowing and three in-row cultivations with torsion weeders reduced in-row weed numbers by 85%, reduced hand weeding time by 73%, and caused no yield reduction compared with the normal strategy of one weed harrowing and ordinary inter-row cultivation. In direct-sown onions, pre-emergence flame weeding and repeated torsion weeding reduced hand weeding time by 40% and caused no yield reduction compared with flame weeding and inter-row cultivation. The effectiveness of in-row cultivation was very dependent on the timing of treatments. Using transplanted onions and in-row weed control is a way to ensure high yields and reduce labour requirements for hand weeding compared with direct-sown onions and interrow cultivation. %0 Conference Paper %A Aschemann, J. %A Maroscheck, N. %A Hamm, U. %D 2008 %F orgprints:11507 %K Health claims, consumer behaviour, marketing, communication strategy %T The EU health claims regulation and its impact on the marketing of organic food %U http://orgprints.org/11507/ %X The so-called EU health claims regulation changes the legal framework for all health-related statements on food and in advertising. As health reasons are a major motive for purchasing organic food, organic market actors have to consider the opportunities and threats posed by the new regulation. This contribution discusses the relationship between the organic attribute and the health claim attribute on the basis of a literature review and expert interviews. We argued that there is no scientific basis for depicting organic products as ‘healthy as such’. The use of health claims for and on organic food can be problematic as well as promotive. Whether health claims are favourable or not depends, among other things, on product characteristics, the target consumer group and the future use of claims on competing conventional products. %0 Conference Paper %A Aschemann, Jessica %A Hamm, Ulrich %D 2008 %F orgprints:11688 %K Market research, marketing, information acquisition behaviour %T Information Acquisition Behaviour of Fair-Trade Coffee Consumers – a Survey by Means of an Information Display Matrix %U http://orgprints.org/11688/ %X Fair-trade has grown into a noteworthy market segment. As a result, an increasing number of market players have emerged, each trying to communicate their own focal point in criteria and standards. However, the relative relevance of different criteria for the consumer remains unclear. This study explores the assessment of criteria in the choice of the most important fair-trade product, coffee, by tracing the information acquisition behaviour using an Information Display Matrix method. Special focus is given to organic production. Results serve as recommendations for those involved in the development of the organic fair-trade market. %0 Generic %A Aschemann, Jessica %A Maroscheck, Nicole %D 2008 %F orgprints:15070 %I aid infodienst, D-Bonn %K BÖL, BOEL, FKZ 06OE120, Health Claims, gesundheitsbezogene Angaben %N 8 %P 406-411 %T Wirkung von Claims auf die Kaufentscheidung bei konventionell und ökologisch erzeugten Lebensmitteln %U http://orgprints.org/15070/ %X Die Health-Claims-Verordnung soll Konsumenten in die Lage versetzen, auf Basis zusätzlicher, wissenschaftlich abgesicherter Informationen eine möglichst gesunde Lebensmittelauswahl zu treffen. Erste Forschungsergebnisse auf Basis von Kaufsimulationen lassen eine Präferenz für mit Claims ausgezeichnete Produkte erwarten – sowohl bei konventionellen als auch bei ökologischen Lebensmitteln. %0 Conference Paper %A Aschemann, Jessica %A Maroscheck, Nicole %A Hamm, Ulrich %D 2008 %E D., Neuhoff %F orgprints:15069 %K BÖL, BOEL, FKZ 06OE120, health claims, consumer behaviour, marketing, communication strategy %P 268-271 %T The EU health claims regulation and its impact on the marketing of organic food. %U http://orgprints.org/15069/ %X The so-called EU health claims regulation changes the legal framework for all health-related statements on food and in advertising. As health reasons are a major motive for purchasing organic food, organic market actors have to consider the opportunities and threats posed by the new regulation. This contribution discusses the relationship between the organic attribute and the health claim attribute on the basis of a literature review and expert interviews. We argued that there is no scientific basis for depicting organic products as ‘healthy as such’. The use of health claims for and on organic food can be problematic as well as promotive. Whether health claims are favourable or not depends, among other things, on product characteristics, the target consumer group and the future use of claims on competing conventional products. %0 Conference Paper %A Askegaard, Senior scientist Margrethe %A Eriksen, Senior scientist Jørgen %D 2008 %F orgprints:11485 %K low soil fertility, catch crop species, residual effect %T Legume catch crops for reducing N leaching and substituting animal manure %U http://orgprints.org/11485/ %X Organic cereal production on coarse sandy soil is a challenge because of low soil fertility and a general limitation on the use of animal manure. The possible exclusion of conventional animal manure in organic crop production increases the challenge further. Two factorial experiments were carried out aiming at investigating the potential of legume catch crops with respect to residual effects and effects on N leaching. Legume catch crops were compared with non-legume catch crops in systems with spring barley as the main crop each year. Grain yields were determined and N leaching losses measured by means of installed ceramic suction cups. The legume catch crops, especially white clover and red clover, showed large residual effects in succeeding spring barley, and clover was efficient in reducing N leaching losses. A clover catch crop had the potential to replace animal manure but attention should be paid to the risk for poor growth in soil recently cropped to clover. %0 Generic %A Askegaard, Margrethe %D 2008 %F orgprints:7896 %P 99-108 %T Residual effect and leaching of N and K in cropping systems with clover and ryegrass catch crops on a coarse sand %U http://orgprints.org/7896/ %V 123 %X The objective of this investigation was to explore the possibility to use clover catch crops instead of ryegrass in organic crop production on coarse sand. Two field experiments were performed, which included different animal manure regimes and different soil K- and N-levels. The residual effect of the clover catch crop on the yields of a succeeding spring barley test crop was significantly higher than for the ryegrass. When animal manure (70 kg total-N ha-1) was added to the succeeding spring barley in the ryegrass system the difference between the clover and ryegrass catch crops disappeared. Thus clover appeared to have the potential for substituting animal manure. Leaching of nitrate-N and K were estimated by means of porous ceramic suction cups installed at 0.8 m depth. The annual N leaching from a spring barley reference treatment without catch crops were approximately 100 kg ha-1. Clover and ryegrass catch crops reduced the losses significantly by 40 to about 80% depending on the year, and there were no significant differences between the two catch crop types. However, there was a tendency to higher N-leaching losses after clover. Both the clover and ryegrass catch crops reduced the annual flow-weighted nitrate concentrations from 13-16 mg L-1 to 5-8 mg L-1, which is below the WHO maximum for drinking water. The catch crops did not affect the K leaching significantly, because a relatively larger amount of K than N was leached during the winter period, where the activity of the catch crops is low. The clover catch crops seemed to be suitable in low-N cropping systems on coarse sand with respect to both production and environment. However, the clover catch crop should not be established continously in the same field. %0 Generic %A Atasay, Adem %A Türemiş, Nurgül %D 2008 %F orgprints:19122 %N 3 %P 72-81 %T Eğirdir (Isparta) Koşullarında Organik Çilek Yetiştiriciliğinin Uygulanabilirliği Üzerine Bir Araştırma %U http://orgprints.org/19122/ %V 18 %X Bu çalışmada konvansiyonel yetiştiricilik ile organik yetiştiricilikteki bazı uygulamaların verim ve kalite özellikleri incelenmiştir. Dikim frigo fide ile temmuz ayının üçüncü haftasında yapılmış olup sulamada damla sulama yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda uygulamalar bakımından bitki başına verim ve meyve ağırlığı arasında istatistiksel açıdan farklılık önemli bulunurken pH, titre edilebilir asitlik, suda çözünebilir kuru madde miktarı ve tat-aroma bakımından önemli bulunmamıştır. Yapılan bu çalışma ile Eğirdir (Isparta) koşullarında organik çilek yetiştiriciliğinin yapılabileceği belirlenmiştir. %0 Generic %A Atkinson, Chris %A Neale, Madeleine %D 2008 %F orgprints:13406 %T Animal Health Planning and Animal Health Plans - Concepts, principles and practicalities %U http://orgprints.org/13406/ %X In the United Kingdom it is mandatory for organic livestock farms to have an animal health plan as a document providing evidence of active management of disease and building positive health (Anon 2006). Many organisations, both organic and non organic, (e.g. BCVA, Defra Compendium of UK Organic Standards, Soil Association, RSPCA Freedom Food, NDFAS, FAWL) develop, describe and use animal health planning as a part of their strategy (see Box 1). Currently, it is the presence of a regularly updated health plan document that serves as evidence that this is in place. The benefits of health plans, including animal welfare improvement, financial gain and increased farm efficacy have all been highlighted in various publications (Sibley 2000, Gray & Hovi 2001, Dobbs 2005, Lovatt 2004). It has frequently been suggested that, through good stockmanship and appropriate use of veterinary medicinal products, health planning can improve the smooth running of a farm. An animal health plan should be an active tool for animal health and welfare planning. However, as organic certification and several farm assurance schemes require a health plan there is a danger that they become seen as something to be policed when in fact they should being used as a forum for advice. In order to fulfil this challenge a health plan must therefore be farm specific and relate to farm specific issues. %0 Conference Paper %A Aulrich, Karen %A Böhm, Herwart %D 2008 %F orgprints:12211 %K feed quality, NIRS, chemical constituents, energy %T Quality of organic feedstuffs grown in Trenthorst (Germany) – evaluated by Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy %U http://orgprints.org/12211/ %X In the present study we address the development of a rapid technique –NIRS– for the evaluation of organically produced feedstuffs in Trenthorst (Germany). The exclusive use of organically produced animal feedstuffs is fixed in the EU-VO 2092/91 for the year 2011. The differences of the contents of crude nutrients between the data of conventionally and organically analysed feedstuffs, as well as the possible differences of the contents from year to year, point out that a satisfying calculation of feed rations needs an exact knowledge of the chemical constituents of the feed components used. Therefore, well-defined material from field trials of the experimental station of the Institute of Organic Farming in Trenthorst of the years 2002-2005 was used for the determination of the contents of crude nutrients and energy in different grain legumes and cereals. All samples were analysed by classical chemical methods and also scanned by NIRS. Predictions of crude protein, crude ash, ether extract, starch, sugar and energy contents for pigs and dairy cattle showed satisfactory accuracy. The correlation coefficients for crude protein, ether extract and starch were 0.98, respectively. Standard error of prediction was below 0.1 MJ ME (pig) kg-1 DM and below 0.08 MJ NEL kg-1 DM. The prediction accuracy for crude fiber, fiber fractions and AMEN was poor. The prediction accuracy should be improved during further growing seasons. %0 Generic %A Ausmane , M. %A Gaile, Z. %A Melngalvis, I. %D 2008 %F orgprints:18608 %P 25-31 %T THE INVESTIGATION OF CROP WEEDINESS IN THE CROP ROTATION OF ORGANIC FARMING SYSTEM %U http://orgprints.org/18608/ %V No.10 %X Field experiments were conducted during the period of 2004 – 2006 at the Research and Study Farm „Vecauce”. The aim of the investigation was to establish the weediness’ dynamics of crops in a six-field crop rotation of an organic farming system. The field was certified as being organic. Crop rotation: 1. triticale/ rye (for green manure in spring), 2. oil radish (for green manure)/ rye (for green manure in autumn), 3. potatoes, 4. oats, 5. vetch-oats mix (for green forage) with an undersown mixture of red clover and timothy, 6. red clover and timothy. Conventional soil tillage was done according to the requirements of the crops. The weeds were counted two times during the vegetation period of crops: at the early development stages of crops (for instance, at the tillering of cereals) and before the crop harvesting. The composition of weed flora comprised from 59 species in the crops’ stands. The annual dicotyledonus were dominating groups of the weed flora. The most abundant weeds were lambsquarters (Chenopodium album L.), quackgrass (Elytrigia repens (L.) Nevski), common yellow rocket (Barbarea vulgaris R. Br.p.p.). The significantly smaller amount of weeds among crop rotation links was observed in the link rye/ oil radish/ rye – potatoes – oats. Much worse suppression of weeds was obtained in the crop rotation link red clover and timothy – triticale/ rye – oil radish/ rye. The number of weeds in the fields of crop rotation in the organic farming system is dependent on the cultivated crops, the succession of crops in the crop rotation links and crop cultivation technologies. %0 Generic %A Autio, Elena %A Sihto, Ulla %A Mononen, Jaakko %A Heiskanen, Minna-Liisa %D 2008 %F orgprints:16975 %I MTT Agrifood Research Finland %K horse, housing, temperature, energy intake, growth %N 4 %P 338-350 %T Energy intake and growth of weanling horses in a cold loose housing system %U http://orgprints.org/16975/ %V 17 %X The demand for information relating to the nutrition of horses in a cold environment is increasing with the popularity of loose housing of horses. This study examined the energy intake and growth of 10 weanling horses from November to March (22 weeks) in a loose housing system (paddock and insulated sleeping hall with deep-litter bed). The horses were measured weekly for body condition and body weight, and the feeding was adjusted according to a horse’s body condition. Metabolizable energy (ME) intake was compared to Finnish (MTT 2006) and Swedish (SLU 2004) nutrient requirements for 6–12-month-old horses. ME intake (75.5 ± 11.8 MJ d-1, mean ± SD) was on average 24.6% above the requirements. The intake varied in a non-linear fashion in the course of the winter: y = 0.086x2 – 0.902x + 71.5, where x is weeks from November to March (p<0.001, R2=0.63). Low ambient temperature increased ME intake by about 1.8% in November (p<0.001), 0.5% in December (p<0.001) and 0.2% in January (p<0.05) per 1 °C decrease in ambient temperature when compared to nutrient requirements, but not in February and March. We conclude that the amount of extra energy needed decreases during the winter as the horses grow and acclimatize to the cold housing environment, i.e. as their body insulation increases. Horses gain weight at or above expected rates in cold conditions when the increased energy need is taken into account in the feeding. %0 Conference Paper %A Avio, Dr. Luciano %A Pellegrino, Dr. Elisa %A Bonari, Prof. Enrico %A Giovannetti, Prof. Manuela %D 2008 %F orgprints:11999 %K Arbuscular mycorrhizas, Glomus mosseae, Glomus intraradices, Phosphorus uptake, Nitrogen uptake %T Natural biofertilizers for organic agriculture: productivity and nutrient uptake of Medicago sativa inoculated with different arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi %U http://orgprints.org/11999/ %X Arbuscular mycorrhizas are symbiotic associations that play a key role in plant nutrition by absorbing and translocating mineral nutrients from soil to host plants. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, which are considered natural biofertilizers, show diverse levels of performance, depending on the ability of different isolates to promote plant growth and health. Here we investigated the performance of geographically different isolates of two fungal species, Glomus mosseae and G. intraradices, by assessing plant growth responses and P and N uptake in Medicago sativa, in order to select the most efficient fungi for this host plant. The four selected Glomus isolates significantly increased shoot dry weights and shoot N and P content of mycorrhizal plants, but their performances were different. In particular, G. intraradices IMA6 significantly differed from G. mosseae IMA1 in inducing larger growth responses relative to all parameters measured. %0 Generic %A Ayers, N. %D 2008 %F orgprints:15201 %T Consumption of Organic Foods from a Life History Perspective: An Exploratory Study among British Consumers %U http://orgprints.org/15201/ %X Summary not available %0 Conference Paper %A Azeez, Ms Gundula %A Hewlett, KL %D 2008 %F orgprints:12034 %K organic farming, energy, climate change, agriculture, food %T The Comparative Energy Efficiency of Organic Farming %U http://orgprints.org/12034/ %X Organic farming is generally a more energy efficient system of food production. Comparative analyses of fifteen crop and livestock sectors indicate that UK organic farming uses around 26% less energy per tonne of output on average. The main energy saving is from the non-use of industrially produced inorganic nitrogen fertiliser. Organic farming is more energy efficient for wheat, most field vegetables, milk, red meat and pigs, but it is less efficient for poultry production. %0 Generic %A Backes, Gunter %A Østergard, Hanne %D 2008 %F orgprints:18195 %I Springer %K Genotype-environment interaction, Marker-assisted selection, Organic farming, Plant breeding, QTL %N 3 %P 523-531 %T Molecular markers to exploit genotype-environment interactions of relevance in organic growing systems %U http://orgprints.org/18195/ %V 163 %X One of the substantial differences between conventional and organic growing systems is the degree to which the farmer can control biotic and abiotic stresses; for organic growing systems varieties are needed with a broad adaptation to annually varying factors, while at the same time a good specific adaptation is necessary with respect to more constant climate and soil conditions. This combination of requirements implies that varieties for organic farming need to be better characterised with respect to genotype x environment interactions than varieties for conventional farming. Such interactions, which often are found for quantitatively expressed traits, are in general difficult to deal with in phenotypic selection. New approaches for QTL analyses (e.g. using physiological models) facilitate estimation of effects of genes on a trait (the phenotype) as a response to environmental influences. From such analyses, markers can be identified which may help to predict the trait expression of a plant genotype in relation to defined environmental factors. The application of markers to select for loci with specific interactions with the environment could, therefore, be especially important for plant breeders targeting organic farming systems. %0 Conference Paper %A Baker, B. %A Tracy, D. %D 2008 %F orgprints:14829 %K fertilizers, soil amendments, elemental contaminants. %T Elemental Contaminants in Fertilizers and Soil Amendments Used in Organic Production %U http://orgprints.org/14829/ %X Elemental contaminants in fertilizers pose a threat to human health and the environment. Organic agriculture can take measures to protect the public and the environment from the long-term effects of these contaminants, also known as heavy metals. Arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) were identified as the top priority metals that need attention. Fertilizers and soil amendments used in organic production were randomly selected, and the laboratory results for the levels of As, Cd, and Pb compared against six different standards based on different models. Organic farmers are advised to avoid using fertilizers that may degrade the average levels found in soils in the United States. Standard-setting bodies are advised to prohibit the use of fertilizers and soil amendments that have As, Cd, and Pb that will result in the accumulation of those elements in the soil when applied at average loading rates on an annual basis. %0 Conference Paper %A Balasubramanian, Mr. A.V. %A Arumugasamy, Mr. S. %A Vijayalakshmi, Dr. K. %A Subhashini, Mrs. S. %D 2008 %F orgprints:11938 %K Biopesticides, traditional knowledge, sustainable agriculture, vrkshayurveda %T Plant Products as Biopesticides: Building On Traditional Knowledge of Vrkshayurveda: Traditional Indian Plant Science %U http://orgprints.org/11938/ %X Today there is a global search for alternatives to chemical pesticides and as part of this process there are various efforts to test the use and efficacy of natural products for pest control and crop protection. Our Centre has been involved in exploring the traditional knowledge regarding the use of natural products for pest control and crop protection. As part of this effort, we have looked at the traditional folk practices prevalent among farmers as well as information from classical literature on the subject drawn from Vrkshayurveda (traditional Indian plant science). Following this, we have carried out experiments for standardizing and field testing promising natural products by determining the precise range and kind of pests controlled by them, determining the optimum concentration where they can be effective against pests without being harmful to useful organisms and predators as well as studying their mode of action. Subsequently, we have also developed storage forms of various of these products by using methods based on Ayurveda. Studies on the stability and shelf life of these products are also being carried out through an insect rearing laboratory. Finally, we have also set up village based biopesticides units where a range of these products are being prepared thus providing valuable inputs to sustainable agriculture and a means of livelihood to rural women and farmers. %0 Conference Paper %A Balestra, Dr Giorgio M. %A Rossetti, Dr Antonio %A Quattrucci, Dr Alessio %D 2008 %F orgprints:13148 %K natural extracts, organic agriculture, Ficus carica, Allium sativum. %T Biological control of kiwifruit and tomato bacterial pathogens %U http://orgprints.org/13148/ %X Biocontrol of bacterial pathogens is effected by using cupric salts associate to appropriate agronomical practices such as seed certification, irrigation and fertilization. In in vitro and in in vivo tests, aqueous extracts from Allium sativum and Ficus carica fruits reduce the survival and the damages (disease incidence and disease severity) caused by bacterial pathogens of kiwifruit (Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae, Pseudomonas viridiflava) and of tomato (Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato) plants. In vitro tests, both vegetal extracts show antimicrobial activity against all bacterial strains utilised at different concentrations (106 – 108 cfu ml-1). In vivo tests Allium sativum and Ficus carica extracts confirm their antimicrobial activity on P. s. pv. tomato reducing DI and DS after two weeks until to 60% and 67% and to 32% and 22%, respectively. %0 Conference Paper %A Bangemann, L.W. %A Kleinhenz, B. %A Keil, S. %A Zellner, M. %A Bartels, G. %D 2008 %F orgprints:15335 %I Julius Kühn-Institut, Bundesforschungsinstitut für Kulturpflanzen, Quedlinburg %K BÖL, BOEL, FKZ 06OE326, ÖKO-SIMPHYT, Kraut- und Knollenfäule, Phytophthora infestans, ökologischer Kartoffelanbau, Kupferminimierung %P 253 %T Prognosegesteuerte Bekämpfungsstrategien im Ökologischen Kartoffelanbau- mögliche Kupfereinsparungspotentiale und Vergleich der Bekämpfungserfolge %U http://orgprints.org/15335/ %V 417 %X Im Rahmen des Forschungsprojektes ÖKOSIMPHYT liegen mittlerweile dreijährige Versuchsergebnisse zur Bekämpfung der Kraut- und Knollenfäule (Phytophthora infestans) im Ökologischen Kartoffelanbau vor, in denen die Anwendung des neuen Prognosesystems ÖKOSIMPHYT im Freiland getestet wurde. Ziel des Projektes ist, durch eine zielgerichtete Applikation den Kupfereinsatz sowohl aus Bekämpfung- als auch aus ökologischer Sicht zu optimieren. %0 Generic %A Bär, Markus %D 2008 %F orgprints:13506 %I FiBL Forschungsinstitut für biologischen Landbau, BIO SUISSE (Vereinigung Schweizer Biolandbau-Organisationen) %K Pflanzenschutz, Pflanzenkrankheiten, Hilfsstoffe, Hilfsstoffliste, essais practiques %N 2/08 %P 20 %T Essais dans les fermes bio: Les producteurs sont responsables! %U http://orgprints.org/13506/ %X 20 bioactualités 2/08 Une société veut tester un nouvel intrant biologique et m’a demandé si je pouvais participer aux essais sur un demi-hectare de cultures. L’autorisation aurait été demandée au FiBL et devrait parvenir dans quelques jours, mais il serait éventuellement nécessaire de procéder plus tôt à un premier traitement. Est-ce que je peux me lancer sans problèmes? Non, pas sans problèmes! En effet, les entreprises agricoles biologiques (Bio Fédéral et Bourgeon) doivent en principe utiliser seulement des intrants qui figurent dans la Liste des intrants (cf. remarque ci-contre en italique). %0 Generic %A Bär, Markus %D 2008 %F orgprints:13505 %I FiBL Forschungsinstitut für biologischen Landbau, BIO SUISSE (Vereinigung Schweizer Biolandbau-Organisationen) %K Pflanzenschutz, Pflanzenkrankheiten, Hilfsstoffe, Hilfsstoffliste, ökologischer Landbau, Phytopathologie, Praxisversuche %N 2/08 %P 23 %T Versuche auf Biobetrieben: Die Bauern haften! %U http://orgprints.org/13505/ %X Eine Firma will einen neuen biologischen Hilfsstoff testen und hat mich angefragt, ob ich mich mit einer halben Hektare Ackerland an den Versuchen beteiligen könne. Die Bewilligung sei beim FiBL beantragt und werde in wenigen Tagen eintreffen. Man müsse aber eventuell schon vorher mit der ersten Behandlung beginnen. Kann ich da problemlos mitmachen? Nein, problemlos ist das gar nicht! Grundsätzlich dürfen auf biologisch bewirtschafteten Betrieben (Knospe und Bundesbio) nur Hilfsstoffe eingesetzt werden, die in der FiBL Hilfsstoffliste aufgeführt sind. %0 Conference Paper %A Baranska, A. %A Rembialkowska, E. %A Lueck, L. %A Leifert, C. %D 2008 %F orgprints:12653 %K Organic, conventional, low input food, food quality and safety, immune system, rat %T The effect of medium term feeding with organic, low input and conventional diet on selected immune parameters in rat %U http://orgprints.org/12653/ %X There is currently limited evidence for differences in nutritional value and ‘healthiness’ between organic and conventional foods. While organic standards aim at minimizing antibiotic and/or pesticide residues they have been described as a potential source of high mycotoxin levels, and bacterial diseases or parasites. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of rat feeds based on the organic, low input and conventional crops on the rats’ immune system function. Preliminary results obtained indicate a potential immunomodulatory effect of ‘low input’ foods that is not observed in rats fed conventional and organic diets. %0 Conference Paper %A BARBERI, PROF. P. %A BIGONGIALI, DR. F. %A ANTICHI, DR. D. %A CARLESI, DR. S. %A FONTANELLI, DR. M. %A FRASCONI, DR. C. %A LULLI, DR. L. %D 2008 %F orgprints:12314 %K living mulch, cultural weed control, system approach, organic spinach %T Innovative crop and weed management strategies for organic spinach: crop yield and weed suppression %U http://orgprints.org/12314/ %X In organic agriculture, it is important to tackle crop and weed management from a system perspective to make it effective, especially in poorly competitive crops such as vegetables. For that reason, we developed two innovative integrated crop and weed management systems for a field vegetable crop sequence in a commercial organic farm that we have been comparing to a standard farm system from 2006 to 2008. The three systems are applied to a spinach-potato-cabbage-tomato two-year crop sequence and include different levels of technical innovation: Standard Crop Management System (SCMS); Intermediate Crop Management System (ICMS); and Advanced Crop Management System (ACMS). ICMS is based on a sequence of physical weed management treatments, whereas ACMS also includes a subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum) living mulch. In this paper we analyse the results obtained on spinach (Spinacia oleracea) in terms of crop yield and weed suppression. Both innovative systems increased total spinach fresh weight yield compared to SCMS, despite higher weed biomass. In ACMS, total weed biomass decreased linearly with increasing biomass of the subterranean clover living mulch. %0 Conference Paper %A Barbieri, Giampiero %A Macchiavelli, Leonello %A Rivaldi, Patrizia %D 2008 %F orgprints:11600 %K organic cold meats, protein, additive,heavy metal intake %T Protein quality and content of nitrite, nitrate and metals in commercial samples of organic and conventional cold meats. %U http://orgprints.org/11600/ %X Twenty-six organic and conventional samples of cold meats were analysed and compared with respect to: meat protein quality, nitrite, nitrate and metal content to verify if organic products have any health advantage that may be attractive to consumers. Proteins quality was assessed by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrilamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and two-dimensional electrophoresis (2D EF). Nitrite and nitrate content were measured by the Griess reaction. Metals were detected by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Electrophoretic data show differences in the quality of water-soluble proteins in uncooked products, in contrast to thermal treatment results, which revealed no differences between the organic and conventional products, although it is difficult to interpret these data. Metal analyses show significantly higher levels of Fe, Zn, Ca, Se, and Cu in organic meat. There was no significant difference detected in nitrite content, while nitrate was lower in organic compared to conventional salami. These results suggest that cooked organic meat products do not have any nutritional advantage over conventional ones, and that only seasoned products preserve the original quality of organic meat. %0 Conference Paper %A Barrios Masias, Felipe %A Jackson, Louise %D 2008 %F orgprints:12509 %K cultivar mixtures, plasticity, interaction, cover crop %T Increasing Cultivar Diversity of Processing Tomato under Large Scale Organic Production in California %U http://orgprints.org/12509/ %X At an organic farm in California, higher plant diversity was hypothesized to enhance ecosystem functions and services. Plant diversity was manipulated temporally and spatially: mustard cover crop vs. no cover crop (fallow) in winter, and mixtures with one (farmer’s best choice), three, or five processing tomato cultivars in summer. Soil N, soil microbial biomass, crop nutrient uptake, canopy light interception, disease, GHG emissions and biomass were measured. Results show that the mustard cover crop reduced soil nitrate (NO3-) in winter and also during the tomato crop, which was associated with decreased growth and canopy development. All cultivar mixtures had fairly similar yield and shoot biomass. The ‘choice cultivar’ (i.e. farmer’s best choice) showed plasticity depending on the mixture, tending to have higher biomass production in mixtures. This study shows the complexity of cultivar-mixture interactions. To achieve the greatest benefit for ecosystem functions in organic farming, mixtures require greater understanding of cultivar plasticity and phenological and physiological trait diversity. %0 Conference Paper %A Barry, Pat %A Swan , Brendan %D 2008 %F orgprints:18655 %I Teagasc %P 21-25 %T Managing the conversion process successfully %U http://orgprints.org/18655/ %X The increase in numbers of farmers considering organic farming as a viable option will lead to an increase in the number of conversion plans to be prepared in the near future. Good conversion planning can help minimise the risks associated with conversion by identifying potential problems, in particular feed requirements and stocking rates, animal health, soil fertility and nutrient management. %0 Generic %A Bartel-Kratochvil, Ruth %A Schermer, Markus %C Wien %D 2008 %F orgprints:16654 %N 06/07 2008 %P 35-36 %T Bio-Potenziale im Dornröschenschlaf %U http://orgprints.org/16654/ %X Die positiven Wirkungen und Ziele des Biolandbaus könnten auf regionaler Ebene besser umgesetzt werden. Eine kritische Bestandsaufnahme der Situation in Österreich. %0 Generic %A Bartel-Kratochvil, Ruth %A Schermer, Markus %D 2008 %F orgprints:13999 %N 3 %P 30-32 %T Kritische Bestandsaufnahme: Regionale Vermarktung in Österreich %U http://orgprints.org/13999/ %V 147 %X Regionale Produktketten, in denen zwischen den Akteuren – Landwirten, Verarbeitern, Vermarktern, Konsumenten – räumliche Nähe besteht, leisten wichtige Beiträge zu einer nachhaltigen Entwicklung. %0 Conference Paper %A Bartel-Kratochvil, Dr. Ruth %A Lindenthal, Dr. Thomas %A Zollitsch, Dr. Werner %A Darnhofer, Dr. Ika %D 2008 %F orgprints:14942 %T Was bedeutet „Konventionalisierung“? Konventionelle Lösungsansätze statt Kreislaufdenken untergraben den Biolandbau %U http://orgprints.org/14942/ %X In den letzten Jahren war der Biolandbau mit vielen neuen Herausforderungen und neuen Möglichkeiten konfrontiert. Die Nachfrage nach Bioprodukten ist gestiegen, die Verarbeitung ist vielfälltiger, der ökonomische Druck ist stärker geworden. Auch die Produktionstechnik auf Biobetrieben hat sich weiterentwickelt. %0 Conference Paper %A Barth, Dr. Kerstin %D 2008 %F orgprints:11766 %K mastitis, dry cow therapy, monitoring udder health %T Dry cow therapy in an organic dairy herd of a milk and a dual purpose breed %U http://orgprints.org/11766/ %X According to the EU-Regulation for organic farming breeds chosen for the organic production should have the capacity to adapt to the local conditions to reduce the risk of diseases. The study compared the udder health status and the necessity of application of dry cow therapy (DCT) on cows of a dual purpose and a milk breed (Red and White Holsteins vs. Holstein-Friesian) kept under the same management conditions. Data records of one and a half year and 49 cows were analysed. 132 of 203 udder quarters were treated with an antibiotic at drying off. The treated quarters had significant higher readings for electrical conductivity, California Mastitis Test and the somatic cell count during lactation than the untreated group. Red and White Holstein cows received significantly more often a DCT than Holstein-Friesian cows. Thus, the results of our study do not support the presumption that older breeds are more robust against diseases and therefore fit better into organic dairy farming. Discussions about this topic should consider that the term “local condition” includes not only the climate but also the management conditions of the organic dairy farm. %0 Conference Paper %A Baruah, Rajeev %D 2008 %F orgprints:18367 %K system comparisons, organic, biodynamic, conventional, Gmo’s, cotton, soya, wheat, Central India %T System Comparisons between Organic, Biodynamic, Conventional and GMO’s in cotton production & Organic, Biodynamic, Conventional systems in Soya and Wheat in Central India %U http://orgprints.org/18367/ %X Over the past 05 years the organic cotton production in India has grown many folds. In the conventional cotton arena the genetically modified cotton is growing at an unprecedented rate. Considering the above factors it was considered necessary to carry out a `System’ comparisons in which the four systems can be compared. Further the research hopes to answer the larger questions o Put the discussion regarding the benefits and drawbacks of organic agriculture on a rational footing; o Help to identify challenges for organic agriculture that can then be addressed systematically; o Provide physical reference points for stakeholders in agricultural research and development and thus support decision-making and agricultural policy dialogue at different levels. At the farmers level the following outcomes are expected: What happens to yields of the crops when you stop using fertilizers and pesticides ? What happens to the pests when you don’t usefertilizers and pesticides? How do the crops grow when only farmyard manure or compost is used? Can we effectively control pests in the organic and biodynamic systems using a range of botnaical sprays ? Are the biodynamic preparations effective? What are the costs of cultivation of the different systems that we are comparing? What are impacts on the qulaity of the produce in the different systems ? What are impacts on t soils of the different systems? %0 Conference Paper %A Baruah, Rajeev %A Zundel, Christine %A Jain, S %D 2008 %F orgprints:18377 %K long-term experiments, conventional and organic agriculture, tropics, crop farming, Syscom %T Agronomic and economic performance of organic, conventional and GM-cotton in Central India - First results of a long-term farming systems comparison %U http://orgprints.org/18377/ %X Over the past five years the organic cotton production in India has grown many folds. In the conventional cotton arena, the genetically modified cotton is growing at an unprecedented rate. In view of these developments, it was considered necessary to carry out a systematic comparison between the various cotton production systems common in the area. Further, this research attempts to address the larger issues: • Put the discussion regarding the benefits and drawbacks of organic agriculture on a rational footing; • Help to identify challenges for organic agriculture that can then be addressed systematically; • Provide physical reference and meeting points for stakeholders in agricultural research and development and thus support decision-making and agricultural policy dialogue at different levels. %0 Conference Paper %A Baruffa, Miss Elisa %A Picard, PhD Christine %A Sabbioni, Mister Fabio %A Petrozza, PhD Angelo %A Giovannetti, PhD Giusto %A Bosco, Prof Marco %D 2008 %F orgprints:11809 %T Plant-probiotic microorganisms for a sustainable buffer of input reduction in organic and low-input tomato production systems %U http://orgprints.org/11809/ %X A consortium of plant-probiotic microorganisms is under investigation in open field conditions, at the ICEA-certified Organic Farm “La Carioncella”, for its ability to ensure durable soil fertility while buffering nutritional inputs reduction. The primary objective of our QLIF-WP333 three-years-long project is to produce scientific data to help farmers in managing soil probiotics, as a way to reduce inputs, production costs, while keeping quality and sustainability of organic and low-input tomato production systems. %0 Generic %A Basa, Adrian Gheorghe %A Roman, Gheorghe Valentin %A Ion, Viorel %A Epure, Lenuta Iuliana %A Toader, Maria %D 2008 %F orgprints:19759 %K organic, agriculture, medicinal, spice, plants %N 1 %P 34-39 %T Studies regarding production and use of organic medicinal and spice plants %U http://orgprints.org/19759/ %V 65 %X Romania has tradition and a great potential to improve its production of medicinal and spice plants. Whether this important potential is used within the organic farming system, this will create new opportunities for small farmers. Medicinal and spice plants grown within the organic farming system could have a significant contribution to the following aspects: clean agriculture, new technologies, healthy products, environmental protection and conservation of the natural resources. In Romania, there are possibilities to produce and obtained organic medicinal and spice plants products. %0 Generic %A Båth, Birgitta %A Kristensen, Hanne L. %A Thorup-Kristensen, Kristian %D 2008 %F orgprints:16319 %P 211-221 %T Root pruning reduces root competition and increases crop growth in a living mulch cropping system %U http://orgprints.org/16319/ %V 3 %X In two field experiments, growth of white cabbage in pure stands was compared with that of cabbage grown in living mulch systems to reduce pest attacks. The roots of the living mulch were pruned early in the season, with the aim of reducing competition and increasing growth of the white cabbage. Root pruning was shown to increase the above-ground biomass of white cabbage, with two prunings giving higher cabbage yields than one, but there were clear differences between the living mulch species tested (red clover, birdsfoot trefoil, salad burnet, winter rye). Below-ground growth and competition were examined by measuring root distribution in minirhizotrons and uptake of 15N placed at different soil depths. These studies showed that the ability of mulch species to compete for resources at depth was restricted by pruning, and that this was crucial for the development of the white cabbage crop. %0 Generic %A Bauer, Márcio André Leal %A Mesquita, Zilá %D 2008 %F orgprints:20060 %K Identidade, Realidade, Organizações sociais, Agroecologia, Construcionismo, Identity, Reality, Social organizations, Agroecology, Social constructionism Agrovoc code: 92381 Agroecology, 14371 Social development, 37968 Organizations %N 3 %P 23-24 %T Organizações sociais e agroecologia: construção de identidades e transformações sociais. %U http://orgprints.org/20060/ %V 48 %X No presente trabalho, procuramos discutir as transformações ocorridas no espaço da agricultura familiar pós-Revolução Verde, especialmente a partir do movimento contestatório engendrado por organizações sociais que defendem o ideário agroecológico. Inicialmente, procurou-se compreender como a identidade a e realidade social são construídas e reconstruídas socialmente. Utilizou-se uma abordagem fenomenológica para investigar como se dá a ruptura com a realidade convencional e a transição para a agroecologia. Com base nas evidências empíricas, é possível dizer que a agroecologia participa da ressignificação positiva da identidade social dos agricultores. Entretanto, o reconhecimento da nova identidade passa pelo questionamento da realidade dominante a partir de crises vividas pelos agricultores. Sua manutenção requer partilhá-la intersubjetivamente com um grupo ou organização. %0 Generic %A Bauer, Márcio André Leal %A Mesquita, Zilá %D 2008 %F orgprints:22406 %K Identidade, Realidade, Organizações sociais, Agroecologia, Construcionismo. Identity, Reality, Social organizations, Agroecology, Social constructionism. %N 3 %P 23-34 %T Organizações sociais e agroecologia: construção de identidades e transformações sociais. %U http://orgprints.org/22406/ %V 48 %X No presente trabalho, procuramos discutir as transformações ocorridas no espaço da agricultura familiar pós-Revolução Verde, especialmente a partir do movimento contestatório engendrado por organizações sociais que defendem o ideário agroecológico. Inicialmente, procurou-se compreender como a identidade a e realidade social são construídas e reconstruídas socialmente. Utilizou-se uma abordagem fenomenológica para investigar como se dá a ruptura com a realidade convencional e a transição para a agroecologia. Com base nas evidências empíricas, é possível dizer que a agroecologia participa da ressignificação positiva da identidade social dos agricultores. Entretanto, o reconhecimento da nova identidade passa pelo questionamento da realidade dominante a partir de crises vividas pelos agricultores. Sua manutenção requer partilhá-la intersubjetivamente com um grupo ou organização. %0 Thesis %A Beban-France, Alice %B Institute of Development Studies %D 2008 %F orgprints:13687 %I Massey University, Aotearoa New Zealand %K organic agriculture, empowerment, Cambodia, development, well being, small-scale, poverty, NGO, qualitative, food security, food sovereignty %T Organic agriculture: an empowering development strategy for small-scale farmers? A Cambodian case study %U http://orgprints.org/13687/ %X This study explores claims that organic agriculture may be an empowering development strategy by investigating the impacts of conversion to organic farming systems on the lives of small-scale farmers in Cambodia. The thesis interrogates the diverse uses and abuses of the term ‘empowerment’ in development rhetoric and argues for an empowerment model that is derived from farmers’ self-defined concepts of development. This model was used to conduct a qualitative case study involving semi-structured interviews and focus groups with members of organics initiatives in seven diverse Cambodian communities. Results indicate that many farmers in all communities felt that their most important objective was not only to achieve food security, but to achieve 'food sovereignty' by being able to grow sufficient rice to feed their family. Farmers joined the organics initiatives primarily to improve their health and reduce the cost of farming inputs. As a result of joining the initiatives, all farmers (including both certified and non-certified organic farmers) felt they had improved their health and food security. Most farmers also increased incomes, created stronger family and community ties and felt they had more control over their livelihoods. These benefits were not, however, distributed equally amongst individuals or communities. Very poor and isolated farmers could not generally access benefits. The three main factors that determined the impact of the organics initiatives on farmer empowerment were identified as: the individual’s level of resources, the strength of the farmer group, and the policies and values of the supporting organisation. The implications for future initiatives are, firstly, the tremendous potential for farmers and wider rural communities to benefit from organic agriculture as a development strategy. However, this study also shows that if organics is to be viable for low-resource people, it may be necessary to promote both resources and techniques in organics initiatives. Also, a focus on building strong relationships both within the farmers group and linkages with local and wider stakeholders may enhance long-term sustainability of organics initiatives. %0 Generic %A Beck, Alexander %A Binder, Cordula %A Dylla, Renate %A Liebl, Boris %A Lücke, Friedrich-Karl %A Frank, Wörner %D 2008 %F orgprints:14275 %K BÖL, BOEL, FKZ 06OE007, Öko-Fleisch, Öko-Wurstwaren, Pökelstoffe, Praxisleitfaden, Fleischverarbeitung, Mikrobiologie, Sensorik, Qualitätssicherung %T Leitfaden zur angepassten Herstellung von Öko-Fleisch- und Wurstwaren ohne bzw. mit reduziertem Einsatz von Pökelstoffen %U http://orgprints.org/14275/ %X Im Rahmen des durch das Bundesprogramm Ökologischer Landbau geförderten Projektes 06OE007 „Sichere und angepasste Herstellung von Öko-Fleisch- und -Wurstwaren ohne bzw. mit reduziertem Einsatz von Pökelstoffen“ wurde ein Praxisleitfaden für handwerkliche Fleischverarbeiter und Verantwortliche in Produktionsfirmen erstellt. Zweck und Ziel dieses Leitfadens ist es, Verarbeitern, die pökelstofffreie Produkte bzw. Produkte mit reduzierten Mengen von Pökelstoffen herstellen, Hilfestellung in einer angepassten Technologie zu geben. In dem Leitfaden werden die entscheidenden Maßnahmen und entsprechenden Lösungswege aufgezeigt. Der Leitfaden gliedert sich in drei Kapitel: In Kapitel 1 wird die Problematik der Herstellung ohne bzw. mit reduziertem Einsatz von Pökelstoffen erläutert und dargelegt, was aus mikrobiologischer und sensorischer Sicht zu beachten ist und welche Maßnahmen allgemein zu ergreifen sind. In Kapitel 2 werden die Herstellungsweisen einzelner Produkte (Roh-, Brüh, Kochwurst, Roh- und Kochpökelware sowie Konserven) ausführlich und unter Angabe konkreter Kennzahlen behandelt. Kapitel 3 beschäftigt sich mit weitergehenden Ausführungen zu relevanten Themen wie Qualitätssicherung, Berechnung des F-Wertes, Aufschneiden und Verpacken, Lagerung und Durchführung von Haltbarkeitstests sowie die Handhabung von Gewürzen und antioxidativen Zusatzstoffen. Der Leitfaden wird im Verarbeiterbereich des Informationsportals www.oekolandbau.de veröffentlicht werden, zudem ist der Bezug einer gedruckten Ausgabe zum Selbstkostenpreis unter https://www.fibl.org/shop möglich. Die Veröffentlichung des Leitfadens wurde in der Fachpresse, den Mitgliederjournalen der Verbände des ökologischen Landbaus und auf www.oekolandbau.de angekündigt. Das Projektteam hat sich darauf verständigt, das Projekt auf der BioFach 2008 mit einem Workshop zum Thema „Sichere Fleisch- und Wurstwaren ohne bzw. mit reduzierten Gehalten an NPS“ zu beschließen. Bei der Veranstaltung wird der während des Projektes erstellte Leitfaden vorgestellt werden. %0 Generic %A Beck, Alexander %A Dylla, Renate %D 2008 %F orgprints:15137 %K BÖL, BOEL, FKZ 04OE003/1, Bio-Fleischwaren, Bio-Wurstwaren, Pökelstoffe, Zusatzstoffe, Leitfaden %N 11/2008 %P 48-51 %T Herstellung von Bio-Fleisch- und Wurstwaren ohne Einsatz von Pökelstoffen %U http://orgprints.org/15137/ %X Bei der ökologischen Herstellung von Fleisch- und Wurstwaren werden vielfach auf die in der konventionellen Wurstherstellung verwendeten Konservierungsstoffe E 250 (Natriumnitrit) bzw. E 252 (Kaliumnitrat) verzichtet oder reduzierte Zugabemengen der Zusatzstoffe verwendet. %0 Generic %A Beck, Alexander %A Dylla, Renate %D 2008 %F orgprints:15189 %K BÖL, BOEL, FKZ 04OE003/1, Öko-Fleischwaren, Öko-Wurstwaren, Pökelstoffe, Nitrit, Zulassung, rechtliche Regelungen, Lebensmittelsicherheit %N 2/2008 %P 31-34 %T Hürden-Kombination bringt Sicherheit - Sichere und angepasste Herstellung von Öko-Fleisch- und -Wurstwaren ohne bzw. mit reduziertem Einsatz von Pökelstoffen %U http://orgprints.org/15189/ %X Bei der ökologischen Herstellung von Fleisch- und Wurstwaren werden vielfach auf die in der konventionellen Wurstherstellung verwendeten Konservierungsstoffe E 250 (Natriumnitrit) bzw. E 252 (Kaliumnitrat) verzichtet oder reduzierte Zugabemengen der Zusatzstoffe verwendet. Der Einsatz dieser Pökelstoffe in Öko-Fleisch- und Wurstwaren ist umstritten, da Nitrit toxikologisch nicht unbedenklich ist und es sich um eine chemisch-synthetisch hergestellte Verbindung handelt, die dem Grundsatz der Öko-Bewegung zur Minimierung des Einsatzes von Zusatzstoffen widerspricht. Jahrelange Diskussionen um die (Nicht-)Notwendigkeit des Einsatzes von Pökelstoffen und die zögerliche Haltung des Gesetzgebers führten zu Rechtsunsicherheiten in der ökologischen Fleisch- und Wurstherstellung. Das Projektteam vom Forschungsinstitut für biologischen Landbau (FiBL) hat unter Leitung von Dr. Alexander Beck zusammen mit Prof. Dr. Friedrich-Karl Lücke von der Hochschule Fulda und weiteren externen Experten einen Praxisleitfaden zur sicheren und angepassten Herstellung von Öko-Fleisch- und Wurstwaren ohne bzw. mit reduziertem Pökelstoffeinsatz erstellt. Der Leitfaden befasst sich insbesondere mit den Auswirkungen des fehlenden bzw. reduzierten Einsatzes von Pökelstoffen in Bezug auf die mikrobiologische Sicherheit und die Fettoxidation. %0 Generic %A Beck, Alexander %A Dylla, Renate %A Geißlinger, Marcus %A Jakob, Hermann %A Liebl, Boris %A Lücke, Friedrich-Karl %D 2008 %F orgprints:15611 %K BÖL, BOEL, FKZ 06OE007, Öko-Fleisch, Öko-Wurstwaren, Pökelstoffe, Praxisleitfaden, Fleischverarbeitung, Mikrobiologie, Sensorik, Qualitätssicherung %T Herstellung von Öko-Fleisch- und Öko-Wurstwaren ohne oder mit reduziertem Einsatz von Pökelstoffen %U http://orgprints.org/15611/ %X Zweck und Ziel dieses Leitfadens ist es, Verarbeitern, die pökelstofffreie Produkte bzw. Produkte mit reduzierten Mengen von Pökelstoffen herstellen, Hilfestellung in einer angepassten Technologie zu geben. In dem Leitfaden werden die entscheidenden Maßnahmen und entsprechenden Lösungswege aufgezeigt. Der Leitfaden gliedert sich in drei Kapitel: In Kapitel 1 wird die Problematik der Herstellung ohne bzw. mit reduziertem Einsatz von Pökelstoffen erläutert und dargelegt, was aus mikrobiologischer und sensorischer Sicht zu beachten ist und welche Maßnahmen allgemein zu ergreifen sind. In Kapitel 2 werden die Herstellungsweisen einzelner Produkte (Roh-, Brüh, Kochwurst, Roh- und Kochpökelware sowie Konserven) ausführlich und unter Angabe konkreter Kennzahlen behandelt. Kapitel 3 beschäftigt sich mit weitergehenden Ausführungen zu relevanten Themen wie Qualitätssicherung, Berechnung des F-Wertes, Aufschneiden und Verpacken, Lagerung und Durchführung von Haltbarkeitstests sowie die Handhabung von Gewürzen und antioxidativen Zusatzstoffen. %0 Conference Paper %A Beck, Alexander %A Dylla, Renate %A Liebl, Boris %A Lücke, Friedrich-Karl %D 2008 %F orgprints:13213 %K Verarbeitung, Fleischwaren, Sicherheit, Haltbarkeit, Wurst %T Herstellung von Öko-Fleisch- und Öko-Wurstwaren ohne oder mit reduziertem Einsatz von Pökelstoffen %U http://orgprints.org/13213/ %X Aktuelle Fachinformationen zur Herstellung von Öko-Fleisch- und -Wurstwaren ohne bzw. mit Pökelstoffen in reduzierten Mengen. Zielgruppe: Fleischer und sonstige Interessierte. Vorstellung eines aktuellen Leitfadens, der in den einzelnen Produktionsschritten Hilfestellung für eine sichere Herstellung von haltbaren Produkten bietet. Anschließend Diskussion zur angepassten Verarbeitung. %0 Conference Paper %A Becker, Dr. Konstantin %A Leithold, Prof. Dr. Günter %D 2008 %F orgprints:12443 %K Organic farming, winter wheat, row spacing, baking quality, undersown intercrops %T Improvement of winter wheat baking quality in ecological cultivation by enlargement of row spacing and undersown intercrops %U http://orgprints.org/12443/ %X Under ecological crop growing conditions, considerable problems consistently arise in fulfilling the baking quality of winter wheat demanded by consumers. The “wide row” procedure shows promising potential for effectively using the nutrient supply in ecological cultivation for the production of winter wheat with high baking performance. Increasing the distance between rows of winter wheat from 12.5 cm to 50 cm proved advantageous for the indirect quality parameters sedimentation value and gluten and crude protein concentration. Either no yield decreases or low decreases only up to 10% were noted. Because of an increased tendency to erode and in order to improve of the preceding crop’s value, creation of a green zone with legumes between the rows is necessary. To prevent competition between cover and catch crops, mulching of catch crops is required. %0 Conference Paper %A Bedini, Dr. Stefano %A Cristani, Dr. Caterina %A Avio, Dr. Luciano %A Sbrana, Dr. Cristiana %A Turrini, Dr. Alessandra %A Giovannetti, Prof. Manuela %D 2008 %F orgprints:11782 %K arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, glomalin-related soil protein, spore population, biodiversity, organic farming %T Influence of organic farming on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal populations in a Mediterranean agro-ecosystem. %U http://orgprints.org/11782/ %X Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are key components of the soil microbiota, fundamental for soil fertility, plant nutrition and functioning of agroecosystems. Data on the interactions between organic practices and AMF populations are limited and inconsistent. Here we compared AM fungal communities and glomalin-related soil protein (GRSP) content occurring in a recently converted organically farmed soil with those occurring in a conventionally managed soil. The results show that the two farming systems did not significantly differ in AM fungal spore populations and glomalin-related soil protein. We hypothesize that in our experimental system, which was converted from conventional to organic farming only recently (5 years), there may not have been enough time to allow the establishment of differentiated AM fungal populations. %0 Conference Paper %A Benduhn, Bastian %A Maxin, Peter %A Pfeiffer, Barbara %D 2008 %E Boos, Markus %F orgprints:13663 %K Small fruits, blueberry, mechanical cultivation %P 152-154 %T Effect of mechanical soil treatment in blueberry orchards %U http://orgprints.org/13663/ %X From June 2004 onwards a trial was conducted on a blueberry farm in the Lüneburg Heath, Northern Germany, in which methods of mechanical soil cultivation were compared with mulching. The aim was to determine how far the mechanical methods and equipment established for soil management in viniculture and pomiculture can be adapted to blueberry cultivation, and can be improved. The results showed a clear advantage of the methods based on mulch technology in the shape of increased yields. Whilst the mechanical treatments provided acceptable weed control, they cannot be recommended for routine use at present because of strong yield reductions associated with damage to the shallow root system of highbush blueberry shrubs. %0 Conference Paper %A Benincasa, Dr Paolo %A Tosti, Dr Giacomo %A Boldrini, Dr Arianna %A Tei, Prof Francesco %A Guiducci, Prof Marcello %D 2008 %F orgprints:11581 %K green manure, maize, nitrogen, fertilisation %T Poliennal results on soil N management and maize N nutrition by green manuring %U http://orgprints.org/11581/ %X Several field trials were carried out in 5 years in Central Italy to study the effect of green manuring on soil N management and N availability for grain maize as a succeeding crop. Hairy vetch, field bean, rapeseed and barley were grown in autumn-winter as pure crops or mixed in leg-non leg couples. Maize was sown in early spring just after green manure incorporation. The amount of N supplied by green manures, as well as the maize N uptake and the estimated N effect (i.e. the N taken up by maize that actually derives from green manure N) depended on species used, but with a high between-year variability. The N effect at harvest over 3 years was found to depend on the amount of incorporated biomass (DW) and its N content (N%) according to a multiple linear regression (Neff = -3.9*DW + 47.8*N%, R2 = 73%). %0 Generic %A Bennedsgaard, Torben Werner %D 2008 %F orgprints:14878 %T Mindre antibiotika med samme celletal %U http://orgprints.org/14878/ %X En gruppe landmænd tilknyttet Thise mejeri, der deltog i et et årigt projekt hvor de mødtes i staldskoler, var i stand til at reducere deres antibiotikforbrug til et meget lavt niveau uden at besætningernes gennemsnitlige celletal steg. I et studie i amerikanske øklogiske malkekvægsbesætninger blev der samlet informationer om brugen af alternative behandlinger og andre former behandling af sygdomme uden antibiotika. %0 Generic %A Bennedsgaard, Torben Werner %D 2008 %F orgprints:14877 %K Antibiotika %P 1908-1908 %T Mindre antibiotika med samme celletal %U http://orgprints.org/14877/ %X En gruppe landmænd tilknyttet Thise mejeri, der deltog i et et årigt projekt hvor de mødtes i staldskoler, var i stand til at reducere deres antibiotikforbrug til et meget lavt niveau uden at besætningernes gennemsnitlige celletal steg. I et studie i amerikanske øklogiske malkekvægsbesætninger blev der samlet informationer om brugen af alternative behandlinger og andre former behandling af sygdomme uden antibiotika. %0 Generic %A Berk, Andreas %A Bramm, Andreas %A Böhm, Herwart %A Aulrich, Karen %A Rühl, Gerhard %C Canterbury, New Zealand %D 2008 %E Palta, Jairo A. %E Berger, Jens D. %F orgprints:16533 %I International Lupin Association %K Lupinus angustifolius, grain legumes, intercropping, feed value, protein content, feed energy, BÖL, BOEL, FKZ 08OE009 %P 66-70 %T The nutritive value of lupins in sole cropping systems and mixed intercropping with spring cereals for grain production %U http://orgprints.org/16533/ %X In total 572 experimental plots were established at two sites during three years with different grain legume species, such as lupins, field beans and peas as well as mixed intercropping of different legumes or legumes with spring cereals for grain production. From all plots yield as well as quality and energy parameters of grains were analysed and the feed values calculated. Compared to soy bean meal yellow lupins have higher protein content but a low yield. While the energy content of lupins as feed for pigs, cattle and milking cows was only slightly higher than of soy bean meal, its feed energy for poultry was nearly comparable. In the case of mixed intercropping with spring cereals the feed energy content for pigs and cattle by using spring wheat or- barley as partner was higher than a comparable mixture of wheat and soy bean meal. The lowest feed energy contents were achieved with mixtures of legumes and oats. From the view of animal nutrition the parts of lupins in the mixed intercropping grains should be higher in the relation to spring cereals to increase especially the protein content. %0 Conference Paper %A Berner, Alfred %A Fliessbach, Andreas %A Nietlisbach, Bruno %A Mäder, Paul %D 2008 %E Neuhoff, Daniel %E et al., %F orgprints:12303 %K Key words: soil fertility; cultivation; soil organic matter; crop farming; reduced tillage %T Effects of reduced tillage on soil organic carbon and microbial activity in a clayey soil %U http://orgprints.org/12303/ %X In a long-term field trial recently launched (2002-2011), located in Frick (878 mm mean annual precipitation) near Basle, Switzerland, the effect of reduced tillage on soil fertility indicators and crop yield was studied in a heavy soil (45% clay) in a crop rotation under organic farming conditions. We present the results of soil analyses after three cropping years (2002-2005). Soil organic carbon (Corg) increased over that period by 7.4% (+1.5 g Corg kg-1 soil) in the 0-10 cm soil layer in the reduced tillage plots, while it remained constant in the ploughed plots. Soil microbial carbon (Cmic) and dehydrogenase activity (DHA, TTC-reduction) were 28% higher in reduced-tillage plots in this soil layer. Biological soil quality as calculated by Cmic to Corg was 15% enhanced under reduced tillage. In the 10-20 cm soil layer no significant Corg, Cmic, Cmic to Corg and DHA differences between the tillage schemes were found. It is suggested that reduced tillage improves important indicators of soil fertility during the conversion period. Long-term aspects of soil fertility, crop yield and weed infestation need investigation over a prolonged experimental period. %0 Generic %A Berner, Alfred %A Hildermann, Isabell %A Fliessbach, Andreas %A Pfiffner, Lukas %A Niggli, Urs %A Mäder, Paul %D 2008 %F orgprints:14426 %I Elsevier %K Anbautechnik einjährige Kulturen, Bodenwissenschaften, Kline, Bio-dyn., Bodenfruchtbarkeit, Reduced tillage, reduzierte Bodenbeareitung, Organic farming, Soil, organic carbon, Soil microbial activity, Soil microbial, Nachhaltigkeitsanalyse, biomass %N 1-2 %P 89-96 %T Crop yield and soil fertility response to reduced tillage under organic management %U http://orgprints.org/14426/ %V 101 %X Conservation tillage (no-till and reduced tillage) brings many benefits with respect to soil fertility and energy use, but it also has drawbacks regarding the need for synthetic fertilizers and herbicides. Our objective was to adapt reduced tillage to organic farming by quantifying effects of tillage (plough versus chisel), fertilization (slurry versus manure compost) and biodynamic preparations (with versus without) on soil fertility indicators and crop yield. The experiment was initiated in 2002 on a Stagnic Eutric Cambisol (45% clay content) near Frick (Switzerland) where the average annual precipitation is 1000 mm. This report focuses on the conversion period and examines changes as tillage intensity was reduced. Soil samples were taken from the 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm depths and analysed for soil organic carbon (Corg), microbial biomass (Cmic), dehydrogenase activity (DHA) and earthworm density and biomass. Among the components tested, only tillage had any influence on these soil fertility indicators. Corg in the 0-10 cm soil layer increased by 7.4% (1.5 g Corg kg-1 soil, p < 0.001) with reduced tillage between 2002 and 2005, but remained constant with conventional tillage. Similarly, Cmic was 28% higher and DHA 27% (p < 0.001) higher with reduced than with conventional tillage in the soil layer 0-10 cm. In the 10-20 cm layer, there were no significant differences for these soil parameters between the tillage treatments. Tillage had no significant effect on total earthworm density and biomass. The abundance of endogeic, horizontally burrowing adult earthworms was 70% higher under reduced than conventional tillage but their biomass was 53% lower with reduced tillage. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and spelt (Triticum spelta L.) yield decreased by 14% (p < 0.001) and 8% (p < 0.05), respectively, with reduced tillage, but sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) yield was slightly higher with reduced tillage. Slurry fertilization enhanced wheat yield by 5% (p < 0.001) compared to compost fertilization. Overall, Corg, Cmic, and DHA improved and yields showed only a small reduction with reduced tillage under organic management, but long-term effects such as weed competition remain unknown. %0 Generic %A Berner, Nina %A Stockebrand, Nina %A Spiller, Achim %D 2008 %F orgprints:14725 %K Regionalvermarktung, Naturkostfachhandel, regionale Produkte, BÖL, BOEL, FKZ 06OE235 %T Regionalvermarktung im Naturkostfachhandel %U http://orgprints.org/14725/ %X Regionalität als Verkaufsargument gewinnt im allgemeinen Lebensmittelmarkt in Deutschland zunehmend an Bedeutung. Wie relevant regionale Produkte im Naturkostfachhandel sind und wie sie als Profilierungsmerkmal eingesetzt werden, ist Thema dieses Beitrags. Im Rahmen eines Forschungsprojektes zur Regionalvermarktung im Naturkostfachhandel an der Universität Göttingen, wurden im Juni/Juli 2007 im Raum Norddeutschland 15 Händlerinterviews geführt. %0 Conference Paper %A Bertoncello, Bérangère %A Bellon, Stéphane %D 2008 %F orgprints:11826 %K legislation, certification, participation, small farmers, markets, Brazil %T Construction and implementation of an organic agriculture legislation: the Brazilian case %U http://orgprints.org/11826/ %X Since organic agriculture is getting legitimate, Brazil has also chosen to be involved, while adopting the legislation n°10.831/2003. As a crossroad between international and domestic rules, we explore (i) the opportunities coming from this text and its application, (ii) the attached production patterns and certification processes, (iii) their socio-economical consequences, and especially for small farming. %0 Conference Paper %A Bestman, Msc M.W.P. %D 2008 %F orgprints:12621 %K poultry, laying hens, avian influenza, outdoor area, animal welfare %T Diversity in measures against infection with avian influenza in organic poultry by different European countries %U http://orgprints.org/12621/ %X This paper describes how different European countries prescribe measures for farmers to reduce the risk of infection with avian influenza in poultry. These measures are for example the obliged indoor confinement during so-called risk periods ort the allowance to vaccinate against this virus infection. These measures have consequences for the organic poultry sector. It seems there is a large diversity between the different European countries concerning what prescriptions there are and especially the definitions of risk areas and risk periods seem to vary. The consequence in the Netherlands, for example, is that in 2007, approximately 95% of the organic laying hens were confined during nearly 5 months, while there was no single case of avian influenza within the Dutch borders. In most other European countries, only small numbers of farms in single risk areas had to keep their animals inside. This is not only a threat to animal welfare, it also does not fit in the ‘organic way’ of keeping animals and it is impossible to communicate this to the consumer who simply expects the animals to be outside. %0 Generic %A Bien, Barbara %D 2008 %F orgprints:14577 %I ZMP GmbH, Bonn %K BÖL, BOEL, FKZ 06OE246, Biomarkt, Bio-Markt, Käse %N 08 %P 3-4 %T Bio-Käse: Discounter verlieren Marktanteile %U http://orgprints.org/14577/ %X Im 1. Halbjahr 2008 5,5 Prozent weniger Bio-Käse verkauft – durch höhere Preise Umsatzsteigerung um 17,2 Prozent – durch konventionellen Käse ersetzt und weniger Einkäufe – Einbußen bei SB-Ware und im Discounter, Thekenware im Plus. %0 Conference Paper %A Bien, Barbara %A Buder, Fabian %A Michels, Dr. Paul %D 2008 %F orgprints:13264 %K BÖL, BOEL, FKZ 06OE246 %T Verbrauchertrend Bio - Dynamik des Kaufverhaltens in Deutschland %U http://orgprints.org/13264/ %X Das Dokument beinhaltet eine PowerPoint-Präsentation mit aktuellen Zahlen für 2007 zu Bio-Lebensmitteln in Deutschland. Analysiert werden die Bio-Frische (Gemüse, Obst, Kartoffeln, Eier, Käse, Brot, Geflügel, Fleisch- und Wurstwaren), Bio-Molkereiprodukte (Milch, Joghurt, Quark, Butter), das Bio-Trockensortiment (Baby-Glaskost, Müsli, TK-Gemüse, Nudeln, Mehl, Süßgebäck und pikante Brotaufstriche) und Bio-Säfte (Obst- und Gemüsesaft). Welche Produkte und welche Vermarktungswege sind besonders erfolgreich? Basis sind Daten der Panelinstitute GfK, Nielsen und bioVista. Außerdem wird ein Projekt von der Uni-Kassel und der ZMP zur Dynamik des Kaufverhaltens im Bio-Sortiment vorgestellt. Dieses wird durch das Bundesprogramm Ökologischer Landbau gefördert. %0 Conference Paper %A Bilalis, Ass. Prof. D. %A Konstantas, MSc A. %A Efthimiadou, MSc A. %A Papatheohari, Dr Y %A Kakampouki, MSc I. %D 2008 %F orgprints:11554 %K intercropping, maize- legumes, LAI, weeds, PAR %T Effect of two Oat–legumes intercrop systems on weed flora under Mediterranean conditions %U http://orgprints.org/11554/ %X The experiments were conducted in Greece in 2002 and 2003. The objective of this research was to investigate i) the effect of intercrop system on weeds and ii) if each intercrop system (oat-pea or cereal legume) is going to affect the weed control differently. The light penetration within the canopy measured during the first experiment (2002), was decreased up to 90%, due to the increase of the companion crops’ leaf area. In both years the decrease of the available light to the weeds, has led to the reduction of the weed dry matter, in comparison to the pure stands. Finally the oat-bean intercrop system gave better results than oat-peas system. As a result we can say that the intercrop system constitutes a new approach to weed control for low input agriculture under Mediterranean conditions. %0 Conference Paper %A Bilalis, Ass. Prof. Dimitris %A Kanatas, MSC Panagiotis %A Konstantas, MSC Aristidis %D 2008 %F orgprints:12246 %K organic float system, conventional float system, shade, melon transplants. %T Effects of shading on root and shoot development of melon (Cucubrita pepo) transplants in conventional and organic float system nurseries %U http://orgprints.org/12246/ %X Float system is a common technique of tobacco and vegetables transplant production. We evaluated the shade effect on the roots and shoots development for two float systems surgeries (CV:conventional and ORG:organic) on melon transplants. The shade had differently influenced the development of the roots and shoots of the two float systems surgeries. Roots fresh weight and surface was significant higher under shade for organic transplants and significant lower under shade for conventional transplants. Hence, shoots fresh weight and surface was significant higher under shade for organic as well as conventional transplants. Because of the described differences in roots development, the transplants which were produced in the organic float system nursery had better quality under shade in contrast to those produced in conventional float system nursery which had better quality under light. The quality of transplants is related to their behaviour during the transplanting process, their resistance to the transplanting stress and their survival in the field. %0 Thesis %9 Masters %A Bilen, Emre %B Mediterranean Organic Agriculture %C Bari, Italy %D 2008 %F orgprints:20525 %I Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Bari %T Evaluation of pre-crops and fertilization on organic zucchini under Mediterranean conditions: case of Turkey %U http://orgprints.org/20525/ %X Soil fertility is fundamental in determining the productivity of all farming systems. Major tools utilized in organic farming to increase the fertility of the soil can be expressed as rotation, green manuring and allowed organic fertilizers and soil amendments. A field experiment was conducted at Ege University in Izmir, Turkey, to study the effects of pre-crops used as green manure - including vetch, faba bean, broccoli and spontaneous weeds - and fertilization (compost tea, commercial fertilizer) on zucchini (the main crop in the rotation program) and on soil fertility. The main aim of the experiment was to identify the most suitable rotation program in organic farming for Turkey under prevailing conditions. Tested treatments had no marked effect on yield or quality of zucchini except inorganic matter content of the fruits. There were significant differences among tested pre-crops for N, P, K, OM and C values of the soil. Zucchini after broccoli fertilized with compost tea gave the highest gross margin due to the higher income derived from two different crops complemented with lower production costs compared to the commercial fertilizer. %0 Conference Paper %A Billmann, Bettina %D 2008 %F orgprints:12701 %K Anbautechnik einjährige Kulturen, Biohortikultur, horticulture, organic flowers, organic ornamentals, adoption, status quo analysis %T Development of the Organic Ornamentals Sector Worldwide %U http://orgprints.org/12701/ %X The paper describes different and mainly innovative ways of production and marketing of organic flowers, perennials and potted herbs by way of examples from all over the world. Organic production of ornamentals ranges from the cultivation in small nurseries with direct marketing to large scale production with online-marketing or the selling of bunches in supermarkets. All factors considered, it is evident that the pioneer phase of ornamental cultivation consistently changes to professionalism. %0 Generic %A Billmann, Bettina %D 2008 %F orgprints:13573 %I Forschungsinstitut für biologischen Landbau FiBL, CH-Frick %N 2 %P 42-44 %T Impacts of banning protoplast fusion on the range of varieties available for organic arable cropping and vegetable production - Auswirkungen des Verbots der Protoplastenfusion auf das Sortenspektrum im ökologischen Acker- und Gemüsebau %U http://orgprints.org/13573/ %X The use of protoplast fusion (PF) in plant breeding was often discussed between stakeholders of organic agriculture. The main criticism was the combination of genetic material under circumstances, which naturally do not exist. The results of a literature research and expert interviews summarize the scientific and legal state of affairs in Europe and provide a basis for decision-making of standard setting bodies. %0 Conference Paper %A Bingen, Jim %A Martinez, Lourdes %A Conner, David %D 2008 %F orgprints:11832 %K midwest organic model, organic marketing practices, small-scale organic family farms, fresh produce wholesalers and brokers %T Toward Regionalized Models of Organic Food Production and Marketing in the US: The Case of Michigan (USA) %U http://orgprints.org/11832/ %X This paper outlines some of the key features of a Midwest organic model that could provide the foundation for a regionalized organic strategy in the US. Based on the results of several recent and on-going studies of organic fruit and vegetable production and marketing in Michigan, the paper looks specifically at the profile of Midwest organic farming, the diversified marketing strategies and portfolios of Midwest organic farmers, and the challenges and opportunities identified by wholesalers and brokers for sourcing organic produce from small family farms. Two approaches to assure the viability of the Midwest organic model are introduced. %0 Conference Paper %A Birech, Mrs Rhoda %A Freyer, Prof. Bernhard %A Friedel, Prof. Juergen %A Leonhartsberger, Mr. Philipp %D 2008 %F orgprints:11974 %K rainfall, Dolichos lablab, cropping systems, organic farming %T Effect of weather on organic cropping systems in Kenya %U http://orgprints.org/11974/ %X Rainfall is the single most important factor affecting yield and biomass accumulation by crops as well as residue decomposition in the tropics. The ability to capture this resource in organic systems calls for appropriate techniques. Kenya experiences bimodal type of rainfall with two rainfall peaks; the long (730 mm) and the short (376 mm) rains. Rainfall fluctuations in both seasons are becoming more common in the recent years with a likelihood of crop failure in one out of five years. The question addressed was how to utilize the short rains for food and biomass production. Lablab (Dolichos lablab), a N-fixing legume was sown in the short rains and the seeds harvested. The effect of lablab biomass incorporation on organic maize and potatoes planted in the long rains was evaluated in comparison with farmyard manure application. The 3-year trial showed that dry matter biomass (1.95 t/ha) and grain yield (0.5 t/ha) of lablab was a factor of the amount of rainfall. The amount of lablab biomass applied was proportional to maize grain and potato tuber yields. Similarly, amount of yield and biomass in the long rains was species specific and were a factor of both rainfall amounts and distribution. %0 Generic %A Birkhofer, K %A Bezemer, TM %A Bloem, J %A Bonkowski , M %A Christensen , S %A Dubois , D %A Ekelund , F %A Fließbach , A %A Gunst , L %A Hedlund , K %A Mäder , P %A Mikola , J %A Robin , C %A Setälä , H %A Tatin-Froux , F %A Van der Putten , WH %A Scheu, S %D 2008 %F orgprints:19613 %K DOK trial Ecosystem functioning Farming system Fertilization Generalist predators Microbial community Nutrient cycling Natural enemies Soil fauna Soil quality Sustainability %P 2297-2308 %T Long-term organic farming fosters below- and aboveground biota: Implications for soil quality, biological control and productivity %U http://orgprints.org/19613/ %V 40 %X Organic farming may contribute substantially to future agricultural production worldwide by improving soil quality and pest control, thereby reducing environmental impacts of conventional farming. We investigated in a comprehensive way soil chemical, as well as below and aboveground biological parameters of two organic and two conventional wheat farming systems that primarily differed in fertilization and weed management strategies. Contrast analyses identified management related differences between "herbicide-free" bioorganic (BIOORG) and biodynamic (BIODYN) systems and conventional systems with (CONFYM) or without manure (CONMIN) and herbicide application within a long-term agricultural experiment (DOK trial, Switzerland). Soil carbon content was significantly higher in systems receiving farmyard manure and concomitantly microbial biomass (fungi and bacteria) was increased. Microbial activity parameters, such as microbial basal respiration and nitrogen mineralization, showed an opposite pattern, suggesting that soil carbon in the conventional system (CONFYM) was more easily accessible to microorganisms than in organic systems. Bacterivorous nematodes and earthworms were most abundant in systems that received farmyard manure, which is in line with the responses of their potential food sources (microbes and organic matter). Mineral fertilizer application detrimentally affected enchytraeids and Diptera larvae, whereas aphids benefited. Spider abundance was favoured by organic management, most likely a response to increased prey availability from the belowground subsystem or increased weed coverage. In contrast to most soilbased, bottom-up controlled interactions, the twofold higher abundance of this generalist predator group in organic systems likely contributed to the significantly lower abundance of aboveground herbivore pests (aphids) in these systems. Long-term organic farming and the application of farmyard manure promoted soil quality, microbial biomass and fostered natural enemies and ecosystem engineers, suggesting enhanced nutrient cycling and pest control. Mineral fertilizers and herbicide application, in contrast, affected the potential for top-down control of aboveground pests negatively and reduced the organic carbon levels. Our study indicates that the use of synthetic fertilizers and herbicide application changes interactions within and between below and aboveground components, ultimately promoting negative environmental impacts of agriculture by reducing internal biological cycles and pest control. On the contrary, organic farming fosters microbial and faunal decomposers and this propagates into the aboveground system via generalist predators thereby increasing conservation biological control. However, grain and straw yields were 23% higher in systems receiving mineral fertilizers and herbicides reflecting the trade-off between productivity and environmental responsibility. %0 Generic %A Birkhofer , K %A Fließbach , A %A Wise , DH %A Scheu , S %D 2008 %F orgprints:19615 %K Araneae; Carabidae; DOK trial; farming system; intraguild interactions; natural enemies; organic farming. %P 271-280 %T Generalist predators in organically and conventionally managed grass-clover fields: implications for conservation biological control %U http://orgprints.org/19615/ %V 153 %X Organically managed agroecosystems rely in part on biological control to prevent pest outbreaks. Generalist predators (Araneae, Carabidae and Staphylinidae) are a major component of the natural enemy community in agroecosystems. We assessed the seasonal dynamics of major generalist predator groups in conventionally and organically managed grass–clover fields that primarily differed by fertilisation strategy. We further established an experiment, manipulating the abundant wolf spider genus Pardosa, to identify the importance of these predators for herbivore suppression in the same system and growth period. Organic management significantly enhanced ground-active spider numbers early and late in the growing season, with potentially positive effects of plant cover and non-pest decomposer prey. However, enhancing spider numbers in the field experiment did not improve biological control in organically managed grass–clover fields. Similar to the survey results, reduced densities of Pardosa had no short-term effect on any prey taxa; however, spider guild structure changed in response to Pardosa manipulation. In the presence of fewer Pardosa, other ground-running spiders were more abundant;therefore, their impact on herbivore numbers may have been elevated, possibly cancelling increases in herbivore numbers because of reduced predation by Pardosa. Our results indicate positive effects of organic farming on spider activity density; however, our survey data and the predator manipulation experiment failed to find evidence that ground-running spiders reduced herbivore numbers. We therefore suggest that a positive impact of organic fertilisers on wolf spiders in grass–clover agroecosystems may not necessarily improve biological control when compared with conventional farming. %0 Generic %A Birrer, Simon %A Jenny, Markus %A Pfiffner, Lukas %A Balmer, Oliver %D 2008 %F orgprints:20202 %K Pflanzenschutz und Biodiversität, Naturschutz und Landwirtschaft, Punktesystem %T Mit Vielfalt punkten: Bauern beleben die Natur %U http://orgprints.org/20202/ %X Das Projekt „Mit Vielfalt punkten - Bauern beleben die Natur“ wurde 2008 erfolgreich gestartet. Das Projekt verfolgt zwei Hauptziele: Zum einen wird ein Punktesystem validiert, mit dem die Leistungen von Landwirtschaftbetrieben für die Biodiversität effizient und zuverlässig bewertet werden kann. Zum anderen möchte das Projekt aufzeigen, dass mit einer sehr spezifischen gesamtbetrieblichen Beratung diese Naturschutzleistungen signifikant erhöht werden können. Den Schwerpunkt der Arbeiten im Jahr 2008 bildeten die detaillierte Erarbeitung der anzuwendenden Methoden sowie die Erhebung der ersten Betriebe. Auf zwölf Betrieben des Mittellandes (20-47 ha gross, mit 4.4-27.1 Punkten im Punktesystem) wurden sämtliche Schritte des Projektes durchgeführt, d.h. nach ersten Gesprächen mit den Landwirten wurden die Lebensräume des Betriebes kartiert, die Biodiversität (Pflanzen-, Vogel-, Tagfalter- und Heuschreckenvielfalt) und soziökonomische Daten erfasst, das Punktesystem ausgefüllt, sowie Befragungen zur Motivation der Landwirte durchgeführt. Die Hälfte der Landwirte wurde unter Einbezug sowohl ökologischer wie auch betriebswirtschaftlicher Aspekte umfassend beraten, wie sie ihren Betrieb ökologisch aufbessern könnten. Die verwendeten Methoden haben sich grösstenteils bewährt und mussten nur geringfügig angepasst werden. Die Abstimmung zwischen den Projektpartnern funktioniert ebenfalls reibungslos. Bei den Biodiversitätsaufnahmen wurden total 471 Pflanzen-, 62 Vogel-, 48 Tagfalter- und 26 Heuschreckenarten festgestellt. In allen vier Gruppen stieg die Artenvielfalt mit zunehmender Punktezahl der Betriebe tendenziell an. %0 Conference Paper %A Bjarklev, Araceli %A Kjær, Tyge %A Kjærgård, Bente %D 2008 %F orgprints:12410 %K Rural development, poverty, amaranth, sustainable livelihoods, value chain, environment %T Amaranth farming: Rural sustainable livelihood of the future? %U http://orgprints.org/12410/ %X Though amaranth has been studied intensively for its exceptional nutritional properties, little has been reported about its capacity for fighting poverty, securing food supplies, turning migrations, or its impact on the environment and the prospect for improvement of living conditions of those farmers cultivating amaranth. This paper addresses possibilities and limitations that Mexican small-scale farmers are facing to enhance sustainable livelihoods in the amaranth value chain. The study reveals that amaranth, as an alternative crop and livelihood, is perhaps one of the most complete endogenous natural resources that small-scale farmers have to combat the above-mentioned problems. The study identified several local and regional barriers for increasing the level of farming, production, processing and consumption. A striking and paradoxical limitation is the monopolization practices developed by some of the associations in relation to knowledge and technology transfer, seeds distribution and contact to potential national and foreign buyers. %0 Conference Paper %A Blanc, Julien %A Alföldi, Thomas %A Bellon, Stéphane %A Niggli, Urs %D 2008 %F orgprints:11757 %K Research evaluation, Criteria and procedures, Innovation, Interdisciplinarity, Core Organic %T How to promote innovation and interdisciplinarity in organic food and farming research evaluation %U http://orgprints.org/11757/ %X The development of organic food and farming research calls for system-oriented, innovative, interdisciplinary approaches. The process of evaluating research proposals is a crucial step towards this objective. Based on the EU CORE Organic pilot call for joint transnational research projects, we analysed to what extent the evaluation criteria and procedures implemented address this issue. Feedback on the experience of the target groups involved in this call was gathered and discussed in relation to findings from the literature. Our results show that interdisciplinary and innovative aspects could be better addressed, and evaluation criteria more clearly defined and delimited. This entails reshaping the main criteria and developing more suitable evaluation categories and sub-criteria. We also suggest creating mechanisms to enable funding of a few “risky” research projects, to facilitate entry of newcomers to the arena, to promote exploratory research projects and to support longitudinal interaction among applicants and assessors. %0 Conference Paper %A Blanco, Helga %A Diaz, Alex %D 2008 %F orgprints:11635 %K organic coffee, Costa Rica, small farmers, bird diversity,farming systems %T Organization of a Sustainable Agroforestry Model for Small Farmers in the Montes de Oro Region, Puntarenas, Costa Rica %U http://orgprints.org/11635/ %X The Montes de Oro Region, in the Puntarenas Province, Costa Rica, is a marginal agricultural area with coffee production as the main activity. The region faces a number of social and economic problems, worsened by the reduction in forest areas, increase in soil erosion, absence of sustainable land production alternatives and heavy dependence to imported pesticides. This project looked to protect the region’s biodiversity and to contribute to mitigate the negative environmental effects through the implementation of organic coffee production systems, integrating ecological, social and economic factors to offer sustainable and profitable production alternatives. Six components were looked at: associated crops, establishment of shade trees and windbreaks, fertilization, studies of bird diversity and improved coffee processing systems. We present the results of a three year study case. %0 Conference Paper %A Blasco, Lucia %A Kahala, Minna %A Palojärvi, Ansa %A Joutsjoki, Vesa %D 2008 %F orgprints:15118 %I Nordic Association of Agricultural Scientists %K genomic methods, soil bacteria %N 3 %P 4 %T Genomic methods in analyzing the communities of soil bacteria %U http://orgprints.org/15118/ %V 4 %X Culture-independent examination of complex microbial communities has been made possible by recent advances in molecular biology. Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism is one of such techniques that allow rapid assessment of the diversity of microbial community. %0 Conference Paper %A Blateyron, Lucile %A Elichiry, Gisèle %D 2008 %F orgprints:11868 %K filtration thresholds, Bottling, organoleptic impact, red wine %T Microbiological and organoleptic impact of three different technical procedures in order to prepare wine for bottling %U http://orgprints.org/11868/ %X In order to establish the extent to which each of the technical sequences regarding the preparation of wine for bottling (3 final filtration thresholds: 0.65µm, 2µm and 5µm) were in keeping with the cellar objectives and to measure the analytical, microbiological and organoleptic impact on the wine for each sequence, over a one-year period, we monitored a red wine prepared according to the 3 methodologies. A low initial microbiological level (absence of Brettanomyces, Pédiococcus and Lactobacillus), combined with a stable active SO2 content between 0.4 and 0.5 mg/l, enabled analytical and microbiological stability of all the wines compared. The triangular tests performed by a panel of trained oenologists did not reveal any significant differences linked to the technical sequences compared. %0 Conference Paper %A Bleken, Ass. prof Marina Azzaroli %A Krogstad, Prof. Tore %A Speetjens, Koen %A Heim, Ass. pref. Michael %D 2008 %F orgprints:12402 %K Potassium, Phosphorus, Rock Powder, Ryegrass, Clover, Soil fertility, Plant nutrition %T Use of a mixture of biotite- and apatite-rich rock powder in a soil with inherent low soil fertility %U http://orgprints.org/12402/ %X Long-term fertility of organically managed soils is challenged by repeated removal of plant nutrients through cash crops. The use of selected rock powders may contribute to maintain soil fertility. A pot trial with Italian ryegrass and white clover was used in order to study the potential of a biotite-rich and of an apatite-rich rock powder to maintain and improve the nutrient supply of organically managed soils. %0 Generic %A Blick, Theo %A Luka, Henryk %A Pfiffner, Lukas %A Kiechle, Josef %D 2008 %F orgprints:17889 %I Arachnologische Gesellschaft e.V. %K Arable land, comparison spiders-carabids, fallow land, field margins, France, Germany, remarkable species, Switzerland, Entomologie, Funktionelle Biodiversität, Ökoausgleich, Saumprojekt %P 1-12 %T Spinnen ökologischer Ausgleichsflächen in den Schweizer Kantonen Aargau und Schaffhausen (Arachnida: Araneae) - mit Anmerkungen zu Phrurolithus nigrinus (Corinnidae) %U http://orgprints.org/17889/ %V 35 %X Spiders from ecological compensation areas in the Swiss cantons Aargau and Schaffhausen (Arachnida: Araneae) - with remarks on Phrurolithus nigrinus (Corinnidae). The dpider fauna of open habitats adjacent to arable land was investigated in northern Switzerland. The three habitat types were (1) herbaceous edges of fields (Sa), (2) fallow land sowed with flowers (BB), and (3) grass borders of fields (GS). Four funnel pitfall traps (10 cm diameter) were used to catch spiders in three stripe-types in two geographical regions in two years over 5 weeks in May and June: in total 12 sets of data. Spider species typical for open habitats were dominant, mostly lycosids (6 of 10 most active species). The results were analysed together with environmental factors using a canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) and spiders were compared with carabid beetles (Coeloptera: Carabidae). Geographical region, though not very distant, had the largest influence on both spiders and carabids. The age and type of the habitats had a stronger influence on spiders than on carabids. In spiders a larger part of the total variance was explained by the analysed factors. Finally we discuss briefly a remarkable spider species. A rewiew of all known records of Phrurolithus nigrinus in Switzerland and Germany, together with adjacent regions in France, is given. Its phenology is indicated, its habitat discussed and the overall distribution within Europe is listed. %0 Generic %A Blum, H. %A Fausten, G. %A Nega, E. %A Jahn, M. %A Gärber, U. %A Schockert, K. %D 2008 %F orgprints:15695 %K BÖL, BOEL, FKZ 03OE127/1, Pflanzenschutz, Gewürzpflanzen, physikalische Saatgutbehandlung, Heißwasserbehandlung, Elektronenbehandlung, Vakuum-Sattdampfbehandlung, Pflanzenstärkungsmittel, Keimfähigkeit %T Optimierung der Saatgutgesundheit im ökologischen Arznei- und Gewürzpflanzenanbau %U http://orgprints.org/15695/ %X In dem BÖL Vorhaben „Optimierung der Saatgutqualität im ökologischen Arznei- und Gewürzpflanzenanbau“ Projekt 03OE127/1 (Laufzeit: 01.04.2004 – 31.12.2006) wurden schwerpunktmäßig Versuche zur Saatgutbehandlung durchgeführt. Für die Modellkulturen Anis, Dill, Fenchel, Koriander und Kümmel aus der Familie der Umbelliferae wurden Kenngrößen zum Einsatz von Pflanzenstärkungsmitteln zur Saatgutbehandlung erarbeitet und verschiedene physikalische Behandlungsmaßnahmen geprüft. Im Ergebnis dreier Jahre konnte kein durchgehend positiver Einfluss eines Pflanzenstärkungsmittels auf die Keimfähigkeit und den Feldaufgang ermittelt werden. Die physikalischen Behandlungsmaßnahmen (Heißwasserbehandlung, Elektronenbehandlung) zeigten in einzelne Pathosystemen sehr gute Wirksamkeiten. Ein kritischer Punkt dieser Behandlungen ist allerdings das Risiko eines Keimfähigkeitsverlustes. Die Versuchsarbeiten verdeutlichten, dass die Parameter der physikalischen Saatgutbehandlungen sehr genau auf die jeweils einzelne Saatgutpartie abgestimmt werden muß, um neben hohen Wirkungsgraden die Keimfähigkeit zu erhalten. Die Vakuum-Sattdampfbehandlung wurde als neueres Verfahren im Modell geprüft und erbrachte an Petersiliensaatgut eine Reduktion von Alternaria radicina. Ein weiterer Teilbereich des Projektes beschäftigte sich mit dem Einfluss pflanzenbaulichen Maßnahmen auf die Saatgutqualität. Im Besonderen wurde durch eine Variation des Erntezeitpunktes bei einigen Arten eine erhöhte Keimfähigkeit sowie unterschiedliche Befallsgrade von samenbürtigen Pathogen ermittelt. Neben den umfangreichen Arbeiten zur Saatgutqualität wurden die Saatgutpillierung von Petersilie und Kümmel untersucht. Die Schwierigkeit des Vorhabens lag im fehlenden Grundlagenwissen zu vielen Wirt-Pathogenbeziehungen. Resultierend aus den Versuchsarbeiten können der Praxis umfangreiche Erfahrungen zur Saatgutbehandlung vorgestellt werden. Die Arbeiten verdeutlichten, dass dem Produktionsfaktor Saatgut mehr Aufmerksamkeit geschenkt werden sollte und vor dem Anbau wichtige Qualitätsparameter (Keimfähigkeit, Befall mit samenbürtigen Pathogenen) beim Saatguthandel erfragt werden sollte. %0 Generic %A Bocchi, Stefano %A Spigarolo, Roberto %A Marcomini, Natale %A Sarti, Valerio %D 2008 %F orgprints:13347 %K Organic food, youth, public procurement, health, school meal systems, iPOPY %T Organic and conventional public food procurement for youth in Italy %U http://orgprints.org/13347/ %X Political organisation and policies about school catering and public organic procurement in Italy. The report is produced within the project “innovative Public Organic food Procurement for Youth”, iPOPY, and will be updated and revised during the project period (2007-2010). %0 Conference Paper %A Boff, Mari I.C. %A Gonçalves, Paulo A.S. %A Boff, Pedro %D 2008 %F orgprints:12469 %K Agro-ecology, Phytiatry, Plant protection %T Plant Health and the Science of Pests and Diseases %U http://orgprints.org/12469/ %X The health/disease duality has developed alongside human history either as a struggle for survival or as a challenge of the human being to effectively get to know himself. To speak about pests and diseases of plants may not be as exciting as when speaking of human beings; however, entomology and phytopathology hold methodological similarities to conventional medicine, which, thus, allow for correlations among them. After all, plant protection and human medical science are based under common epistemological principles of modern scientific thought. Hence, the goal of this essay is to disclose certain disagreements of the disciplines of phytopathology and entomology with agroecological based science; yet, giving way to a discussion according to ecological principles. This is a theoretical essay, based on bibliographical research and on the direct experience of the authors with family farmers in the South of Brazil during the last 20 years. %0 Conference Paper %A Boff, Pedro %A Madruga, Elisangela S. %A Nunes, Marcelo Z. %A Boff, Mari I.C. %D 2008 %F orgprints:12452 %K Plant Homeopathy, genetic resistance, potato %T Pest and Disease Management of Potato Crops with Homeopathic Preparations and Germplasm Variability %U http://orgprints.org/12452/ %X The Plateau of Santa Catarina state, Brazil, is the main potato seed producer of the country. Its regional climate, however, with wet summers has been pointed out as the main factor for restricting productive quality and raising prices. This research had, thus, the objective of studying the efficacy of homeopathic preparations, homemade formulations and genetic variability in the management of pests and diseases at field conditions on organic farming systems of potato crops. Two field experiments were installed during the 2006/07 crop season. In experiment 1, the following genotypes were planted as treatments: Catucha and Epagri (landrace), Monalisa and Agata (Holland), and Panda (Germany). In experiment 2, the statistical design was a split plot with the Monalisa, Catucha and Epagri genotypes as sub plots, and nine spray preparations as the main plot as follows: Chamomilla 60CH, Silicea 60CH, Kali 60CH, Thuya 60CH, biotherapic of Phytophthora infestans 60CH, water 60CH, the homemade preparations of Bordeaux mixture at 0,3% and of propolis extract at 0,5%, and, finally, a no-intervention treatment. Results showed that the Catucha genotype, a bred landrace, yielded 21 t ha-1 and presented the lowest disease incidence. Even though no preparation differed significantly from another; the Thuya homeopathic treatment yielded the best results with more than 26 t ha-1. Natural enemies were not affected by any of the spray preparations. %0 Generic %A Böhm, Herwart %A Bramm, Andreas %A Aulrich, Karen %A Rühl, Gerhard %C Canterbury, New Zealand %D 2008 %E Palta, Jairo A. %E Berger, Jens D. %F orgprints:16535 %I International Lupin Association %K Lupinus angustifolius, mixed cropping, yield, quality, organic farming %P 42-46 %T Effect of different sowing densities in mixed cultivation of blue lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) with spring crops on yield and quality %U http://orgprints.org/16535/ %X The aim of this investigation was to optimise the yield percentage of blue lupins in mixed cropping systems. Field experiments were conducted at two locations in Northern Germany (Institute of Organic Farming near Hamburg and Institute of Plant and Soil Science at Braunschweig). Two types of blue lupins, the determinate and branched type were cultivated together with spring barley, spring wheat or fodder peas in different seeding ratios (SR): 50% : 50%, 62,5% : 37,5 % and 75% : 25% of the respective pure cropping seeding rate. We present data on total grain yield, yield of blue lupins, yield percentage of blue lupins, protein content, and protein yield. Total grain yield decreased with increasing SR of blue lupins whereas, in contrast, the yield of blue lupins, protein content and protein yield increased. This shows the low competitive ability of blue lupins against the mixed cropping partners, particularly cereals. Therefore, the yield percentage of blue lupins in mixed cropping with cereals did not reach more than 25%. From the view of plant production and the purpose of animal nutrition the percentage of grain legumes should be higher and comparable to those of other crop mixtures like peas with spring barley or beans with oat. %0 Generic %A Böhm, Herwart %A Bramm, Andreas %A Aulrich, Karen %A Rühl, Gerhard %C Canterbury, New Zealand %D 2008 %E Palta, Jairo A. %E Berger, Jens D. %F orgprints:16534 %I International Lupin Association %K Lupinus angustifolius, cultivar, yield, feed quality, organic farming %P 118-122 %T Yield and predicted feed quality of different German cultivars of blue lupins (Lupinus angustifolius) %U http://orgprints.org/16534/ %X In the present work different cultivars of blue lupins were tested at two sites, the experimental farm of the Institute of Organic Farming (IOF-site) at Trenthorst near Hamburg and the experimental station of the Institute of Plant and Soil Science (ICSS-site) at Braunschweig (conventional farming). The field experiments were conducted from 2003 – 2005 at the IOF-site and in 2006 and 2007 at the ICSS-site. At the IOF-site yield was 2,95 t ha-1 on average, whereas the mean yield at the ICSS-site was lower with 2.0 t ha-1. However, a significant interaction between cultivar and year was observed for yield (P<0.001 and P<0.01 for IOF-site and ICSS-site, respectively). At the ICSS-site the cultivars Vitabor, Boltensia, Borlu and Sonet showed the lowest yield. Yield was similar between the branched and determinate cultivars at both sites, but the crude protein content (CP) was in the majority of the cases higher in the branched cultivars. The CP content ranged between 28.2% and 37.8% DM at the IOF-site and between 34.7 and 39.2% DM at the ICSS-site, respectively. The newer cultivars Idefix and Probor, which were tested at ICSS-site in 2006 and 2007, had the highest CP content (39.2 and 38.8% DM). Additionally, the predicted Net Energy for Lactation (NEL) in dairy cow and the predicted Metabolized Energy for pigs (ME) showed interactions between year and cultivar with the exception of ME at the ICSS-site. Cultivars with a high NEL respectively ME were Bora, Boruta, Bolivio and Borlu at the IOF-site and Probor, Borlu, Idefix, Boregine and Boltensia at the ICSS-site. %0 Generic %A Böhm, Herwart %A Oldenburg, Elisabeth %A Paulsen, Hans Marten %A Julis-Kühn-Institut - Bundesforschungsinstitut für Kulturpflanzen, %D 2008 %F orgprints:16536 %K Mycotoxin, Deoxynivalenol, getreide, Körnerleguminosen, Ölfrüchte, Stroh, konventionell, ökologisch %P 67-68 %T Untersuchungen zum Vorkommen des Fusariumtoxins Deoxynivalenol in verschiedenen ökologisch und konventionell angebauten Kulturarten %U http://orgprints.org/16536/ %X Eine Reihe von Untersuchungen zeigen, dass die Fruchtfolgegestaltung, die Bodenbearbeitung, die Sortenwahl sowie Pflanzenschutzmaßnahmen maßgeblichen Einfluss auf den Fusariumbefall von Kulturpflanzen haben. Als Folge von Fusariuminfektionen kann es insbesondere bei Getreide zu unerwünschten Kontaminationen mit Fusarientoxinen, wie z.B. dem Deoxynivalenol (DON), kommen. In den Jahren 2003 – 2005 wurden in den 3 Fruchtfolgen des ökologisch bewirtschafteten Versuchsbetriebes Trenthorst (Institut für Ökologischen Landbau, vTI) die Kulturarten Weizen, Triticale, Hafer, Gerste, Dinkel, Ackerbohnen, Erbsen, Blaue Lupinen, Raps, Öllein, Leindotter, die z.T. auch im Gemenge angebaut wurden, auf den DON-Gehalt untersucht. Parallel wurden von 4 benachbarten, konventionell bewirtschafteten Praxisbetrieben Vergleichsproben einbezogen. %0 Conference Paper %A Böhm, Dr. Herwart %A Koppe, Wiebke %A Dreyer, Wilfried %D 2008 %F orgprints:12245 %K crop production, potato, click beetle, pheromone traps, wireworm %T Monitoring of click beetles (Agriotes lineatus and A. obscurus) in organically managed farms in Northern Germany %U http://orgprints.org/12245/ %X Wireworms, the larvae of Agriotes spp., are an increasing problem on many organically managed farms with potato or vegetable production. The damage caused by wireworms is economically significant. With the use of pheromone traps it is possible to get more information about the habitat requirements of click beetles. In 2005 and 2006 click beetles were monitored at different locations in northern Germany. Because of the warmer springtime in 2005, the first peak of click beetles was about two weeks earlier than in 2006. The second peak was found one month later. The presented data show the highest occurrence of click beetles in ryegrass-clover mixtures in both years. The catches in cereals were much lower than in ryegrass-clover. The reasons for the differences of the trapped click beetles in the different cereal fields cannot been explained so far. In the majority of cases the trapped number of Agriotes lineatus was higher than for A. obscurus. %0 Conference Paper %A Boisdon, Isabelle %A Capitaine, Mathieu %D 2008 %F orgprints:11623 %K fodder self-sufficiency, drought, highland dairy farm %T Impact of the drought on the fodder self-sufficiency of organic and conventional highland dairy farms %U http://orgprints.org/11623/ %X Eight highland dairy farms in the French Massif Central (4 organic and 4 conventional) were surveyed from 2000 to 2005 to understand the forage system functioning and the specificities of organic farms. During this period two important droughts occurred, which highly affected the fodder self-sufficiency of the organic farms, having consequences on more than a year of production. The conventional farms were less affected than the organic ones, and the farmers developed varied strategies including a reduction of the LU and the use of more maize. To maintain the stability of the milk production, organic farms had to increase the reliance on external fodder resources. The lack of security forage stores can explain the sensitivity of these farms and their incapacity to recover a good level of self-sufficiency. %0 Conference Paper %A Boldrini, Dr Arianna %A Benincasa, Dr Paolo %A Gigliotti, Prof Giovanni %A Businelli, Prof Daniela %A Guiducci, Prof Marcello %D 2008 %F orgprints:12381 %K crop rotation, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, carbon %T Effects of an organic and a conventional cropping system on soil fertility %U http://orgprints.org/12381/ %X An experiment was started in 1998 in Central Italy to evaluate changes in soil fertility and the risk of N loss in an organic (ORG) and a conventional low input (CONV) cropping system. At the end of a 6-year rotation, ORG caused a higher plant biomass incorporation into the soil and thus a higher soil soluble organic carbon. The N surplus in ORG was 32% higher than in CONV, while no differences were recorded on N content in the top soil, so that ORG implicated a higher N loss from that soil layer. In ORG we recorded a higher phosphatase activity but a lower available soil P (due to application of rock phosphate in sub-alkaline soil) and a lower exchangeable K. %0 Generic %A Bonde, Marianne %D 2008 %F orgprints:18876 %P 0-0 %T Økologiske søers sundhedstilstand %U http://orgprints.org/18876/ %V 408 %X Nyt projekt om forebyggelse af sygdom og indvoldsorm hos økologiske grise. %0 Generic %A Borgen, Anders %C Jyderup %D 2008 %E Hansen, Jesper %F orgprints:22145 %I Gefion %P 23-24 %T Bliv din egen planteforædler %U http://orgprints.org/22145/ %X Vejledning i planteforædling til husbehov. %0 Generic %A Borgen, Anders %C Jyderup %D 2008 %E Hansen, Jesper %F orgprints:22146 %I Ecoadvise Gefion %P 17-22 %T Brug af egen såsæd i økologisk jordbrug %U http://orgprints.org/22146/ %X Vejledning ved brug af egen udsæd. %0 Generic %A Borgen, Anders %D 2008 %F orgprints:22144 %P 1-16 %T En ny start for dansk brødhvedeproduktion %U http://orgprints.org/22144/ %X Man kan godt producere god bagekvalitet i dansk hvede, men det kræver en indsats af bl.a. valg af bedre sorter. %0 Generic %A Borgen, Anders %D 2008 %F orgprints:22142 %P 28-29 %T Glemte værdier i gamle danske maltbygsorter %U http://orgprints.org/22142/ %V 42 %X Bygsorternes historie. %0 Generic %A Borgen, Anders %D 2008 %F orgprints:22143 %K malt, markedsføring %P 26-27 %T Øl skal serveres med en god historie %U http://orgprints.org/22143/ %V 42 %X Kornsorters historie kan være et positivt bidrag til markedsføringen af øl fra mikrobryggerier. %0 Conference Paper %A Borsari, Bruno %A Onwueme, Inno %D 2008 %F orgprints:11300 %K biofuels, biomass, organic agriculture, tallgrass prairie, sustainability. %T A New Lease on Life for Marginal Farmland: Convergence of Prairie Restoration with Biofuel Production %U http://orgprints.org/11300/ %X The prairie ecosystem that occupied most of the North American continent has been mostly converted into agricultural farmland. The looming global scarcity of fossil fuels has spurred interest in producing ethanol from corn (Zea mays) but legitimate objections remain to the idea of supporting this vision. The purpose of this study was to initiate a prairie restoration on marginal soil of a 16.2 ha. farm in southeastern Minnesota and to determine which restoration procedure (only native grass species versus a mixture of grasses and forbes) was most effective for the establishment of prairie on the land that may yield biomass for biofuels. We planted 11.4Kg./ha. of grasses on 4.7 ha. and 0.70Kg./ha. of forbs on 3.2 ha., in June 2007. An evaluation of species richness was conducted after 90 days in the 5 restored plots. The mean percent cover in the grass plots was 0.935, whereas the one in the grass-and-forbs plots was 0.944. A t-test with two independent samples complemented the computation of the diversity index and indicated that there was not a statistically significant difference in species diversity among the plots. This paper postulates a model of prairie rehabilitation in synergy with renewable energy production from native prairies. This could inspire agriculture in the Midwest of the U.S. to a vision of ecological restoration and sustainability. %0 Conference Paper %A Bortoleto, Gisele G. %A De Nadai Fernandes, Elisabete A. %A Tagliaferro, Fábio S. %A Ferrari, Angela A. %A Bueno, Maria Izabel M. S. %D 2008 %F orgprints:12348 %K organic coffee, organic tomato, principal component analysis, X-ray spectrometry %T Potential of X-Ray Spectrometry and Chemometrics to Discriminate Organic from Conventional Grown Agricultural Products %U http://orgprints.org/12348/ %X This work describes an innovative analytical method based on X-ray spectrometry combined with chemometrics which presents high potential to discriminate conventional from organic grown tomatoes and coffee beans. This novelty is based on the irradiation of samples in a bench-top EDXRF equipment provided with a Rh tube and further treatment of the spectral data using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Multivariate analysis results showed a tendency in separating the samples according to the production mode (organic or conventional). Regarding the spectra obtained, the K alpha peak of potassium showed to be the most responsible for discriminating different categories of samples. The chlorine K-alpha peak presented high capability in discriminating tomato and coffee samples from different origins. The method can be useful for food quality control to rapidly classify samples since the measurements can be done “in situ” with portable instruments. Nevertheless, it will be necessary to build robust classification models with a larger number of samples. %0 Conference Paper %A Bortolotti, PP %A Nannini, R %A Scannavini, M %A Antoniacci, L %A Bugiani, R %D 2008 %F orgprints:12177 %K Plasmopara viticola, downy mildew, copper, organic farming, disease control %T Efficacy Evaluation of Some Copper Formulations for the Control of Grapevine Downy Mildew with Low Dose Applications %U http://orgprints.org/12177/ %X The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of old and new copper formulations to control downy mildew Plasmopara viticola (Berk. et Curtis) Berl. et. De Toni). Field trials were carried out over the years 2002, 2004 and 2005 in a grapevine growing area in the Po Valley with a high disease pressure. Among the traditional copper formulations, hydroxide-based products gave the best results. Other new copper formulations, including foliar fertilizers, simple adjuvants and resistance inducers were evaluated. In particular, resistance inducers with a low percentage of copper gave promising results even though some of them show some phytotoxic problems. %0 Conference Paper %A Bosco, Marco %A Picard, Christine %D 2008 %F orgprints:12329 %K Plant genotype; below-ground potential; Organic breeding; Plant-probiotic microorganisms %T Tools for innovative organic breeding arise from rhizosphere microbial ecology %U http://orgprints.org/12329/ %X Research on soil microbial ecology is beginning to elucidate how and how much beneficial soil micro-organisms (i.e. plant-probiotics) contribute to plant integrity and plant environmental fitness. The differences so far highlighted among crop varieties show highly positive interactions with plant-probiotic microflora (PPM), and upgrade the role of soil PPM at the level of other essential factors for sustainable plant breeding. Current research efforts, aimed to rapidly achieve crop varieties fitting for low-input and organic production systems, finally take into account the capacity of each individual variety to efficiently exploit indigenous PPM. %0 Generic %A Brandt, Jacob %A Kledal, Paul Rye %D 2008 %F orgprints:14742 %I Økologisk Landsforening %K Økologiske sektor i Egypten, B2B u-landsstøtte %N 409 %T Økologi i sandet %U http://orgprints.org/14742/ %X Gennemgang af den økolgiske sektor i Egypten og danidas B2B støtte muligheder for samarbejde mellem danske og Egyptiske frugt- og grøntsagsproducenter %0 Generic %A Braun, Philipp %A Kreuzer, Sepp %A Bartel-Kratochvil, Ruth %A Leitner, Heidrun %D 2008 %F orgprints:16658 %N Nr. 006, Oktober 2008 %P 24-25 %T Abenteuer regionale Bio-Gastronomie - Mit Frische und Herzblut neue Gäste gewinnen %U http://orgprints.org/16658/ %X Die Nachfrage nach biologischen und regionalen Lebensmittel steigt stetig an. Wer zu Hause Wert auf möglichst frisches, gesundes und nachhaltig produziertes Essen legt, der nimmt sicher auch dementsprechende Angebote in der Gastronomie begeistert an. Trotzdem gibt es bisher nur wenige Kooperationen zwischen der Biolandwirtschaft und der örtlichen Gastronomie. Um den Ursachen dafür auf den Grund zu gehen, hat das Institut für ökologischen Landbau an der Universität für Bodenkultur in Wien eine ausführliche Umfrage unter Gastronomen durchgeführt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen ein komplexes Zusammenspiel aus innerer Überzeugung, Küchenmanagement, Lieferantenbeziehungen und Kommunikation mit den Gästen auf - und machen all jenen Mut, die sich auf das Abenteuer "Bio-Gastronomie" einlassen wollen... %0 Generic %A Braun, Philipp %A Kreuzer, Sepp %A Bartel-Kratochvil, Ruth %A Leitner, Heidrun %D 2008 %F orgprints:16657 %N 3/2008 %P 31-33 %T Regionale Bio-Lebensmittel in der Gastronomie – Stärken, Schwächen, Chancen, Risiken %U http://orgprints.org/16657/ %X In den letzten Jahren ist seitens der KonsumentInnen eine stetig steigende Nachfrage nach biologischen und regionalen Lebensmitteln zu verzeichnen. Trotzdem gibt es bisher nur wenige Kooperationen zwischen der Biolandwirtschaft und der örtlichen Gastronomie. %0 Generic %A Briggs, Stephen %D 2008 %F orgprints:13557 %K Organic farming system, soil, nitrogen supply, nitrogen fixation, nitrogen recycling, green manures, organic manures, crop rotation %T Nitrogen Supply and Management in Organic Farming %U http://orgprints.org/13557/ %X This topic review aims to summarise knowledge and experience of Nitrogen supply and management in organic farming systems, including : Nitrogen fixation; Nitrogen recycling; the effect of the length of the fertility building phase or ley and the effect of green cover management; green manures – type and management; soil management; the impact of undersowing; seasonality of crops and the impact of manure use and management. It is based on a review of the organic research commissioned by Defra and that undertaken elsewhere and incorporates field experiences in the conclusions. %0 Generic %A Brock, Christopher %A Hoyer, Uta %A Leithold, Günter %A Hülsbergen, Kurt-Jürgen %D 2008 %F orgprints:16447 %K BÖL, BOEL, FKZ 03OE084/1, FKZ 03OE084/2, Verbundprojekt, Humusbilanzierung, Humusbilanzmethoden, Humusversorgung, Humusdynamik, Boden, Bodenbearbeitung, Stickstoffkreislauf, Fruchtfolge %T Entwicklung einer praxisanwendbaren Methode der Humusbilanzierung im ökologischen Landbau %U http://orgprints.org/16447/ %X Ziele des Projektes waren die Untersuchung von systemspezifischen Besonderheiten und Anforderungen an die Humusreproduktion unter Bedingungen des ökologischen Landbaus, sowie die Anpassung oder Erarbeitung einer Humusbilanzmethode zur Anwendung im ökologischen Landbau. Die Untersuchungen wurden unter Einbeziehung von 8 Praxisbetriebspaaren (ökologisch vs. konventionell), 3 ökologischen Versuchsbetrieben und 16 Dauerfeldversuchen durchgeführt. Ergebnisse: 1. Eine Absicherung von Unterschieden in Niveau und Entwicklung der Humusgehalte unter konventioneller und ökologischer Bewirtschaftung war sowohl unter Praxisbedingungen, wie auch in den Dauerfeldversuchen kaum möglich. Hier wurde die Notwendigkeit einer differenzierten Betrachtung der Bewirtschaftungssysteme deutlich. 2. Aufgrund der dargestellten Sachverhalte konnten höhere Humusgehalte unter ökologi¬scher Bewirtschaftung im Vergleich zu konventionell bewirtschafteten Flächen dann abgesichert werden, wenn sich die verglichenen Bewirtschaftungssysteme in Fruchtfolge und/oder Düngung wesentlich unterschieden. 3. Die Ergebnisse zur Bedeutung der Humusdynamik für die Ertragsbildung bei ökologischer und konventioneller Bewirtschaftung ergaben kein einheitliches Bild. Allerdings wurden in der Auswertung der Dauerfeldversuche engere Korrelationen zwischen durchschnittlichem Marktfruchtertrag und fast allen Indikatoren der Humusdynamik bei den ökologischen Parzellen gegenüber den konventionell bewirtschafteten festgestellt. 4. Ein quantitativer Einfluss einer differenzierten Intensität der Grundbodenbearbeitung auf die Humusdynamik konnte weder in Praxisbetrieben noch in Dauerfeldversuchen festgestellt werden. 5. Die im Rahmen des Projektes entwickelte modellbasierte Humusbilanzmethode (HUMOD) ist eine Weiterentwicklung der dynamischen Humuseinheitenmethode und zeigte in der Anwendung in Dauerfeldversuchen und Praxisbetrieben eine akzeptable Aussagequalität. Eine wesentlich bessere Erfassung der Humusreproduktion von Anbausystemen als mit den aktuell etablierten Methoden wird zwar noch nicht erreicht. Der große Vorteil der neuen Methode ist jedoch die Möglichkeit der reproduzierbaren Ermittlung von Humusreproduktionskoeffizienten für Fruchtarten in unterschiedlichen Anbausystemen unter Berücksichtigung der Standortbedingungen. %0 Conference Paper %A Brock, Christopher %A Hoyer, Uta %A Leithold, Günther %A Hülsbergen, Kurt-Jürgen %D 2008 %F orgprints:12077 %K humus balance, methods, management assessment %T A New Approach to Humus Balancing in Organic Farming %U http://orgprints.org/12077/ %X Humus balances provide a profitable approach for humus dynamics assessment in farming practice. Nevertheless, there is a clear demand for methodological adaptation. This article presents a new approach to humus balancing using reproducible algorithms for the estimation of balance coefficients. Humus balance coefficients for crops and organic fertilizers are estimated according to a bipartite algorithm. Humus demand is calculated on the basis of crop yields referring to the nitrogen household in the plant-soil system. Humus supply is derived from organic matter input with plant material and fertilizers. The new approach facilitates the adaptation of the method to new situations. %0 Conference Paper %A Brock, Christopher %A Leithold, Prof. Dr. Günter %D 2008 %F orgprints:12536 %K humus dynamics, farming systems, long-term field experiments %T The Impact of Site and Management Factors on Humus Dynamics in Long-term Field Experiments %U http://orgprints.org/12536/ %X The impact of management and environmental site factors on quantitative and qualitative indicators of humus dynamics was investigated in eight long-term field experiments in Germany and neighbouring countries. Humus dynamics were basically influenced by environmental site conditions, but at a given site differences between farming systems could be ascerted. Mixed farming systems with farmyard manure application as a rule had a more favourable impact on humus dynamics than stockless systems. Whether an advantageous performance of humus dynamics in organic farming as compared to conventional farming will occur or not, is dependent on the respective farm types of both systems that are related to each other. %0 Generic %A Brockamp, Leona %A Benduhn, Bastian %D 2008 %F orgprints:16413 %K Erdbeeren, Himbeeren, Brombeeren, Stachelbeeren, Heidelbeeren, Schwarze Johannisbeeren, Bodenvorbereitungsmaßnahmen, Erdbeersorten, Abmulchen, Rutenmanagement, Beikrautregulierung, Anbausysteme Himbeeren, BÖL, BOEL, FKZ 06OE221 %T Anbausysteme und Kulturführung im ökologischen Erdbeer- und Strauchbeerenanbau zur Erhöhung der Bestandessicherheit (incl. Strategien gegen Verunkrautung) - Zwischenbericht 10.04.07 bis 31.03.08 %U http://orgprints.org/16413/ %X Das Projekt beinhaltet Versuche zu unterschiedlichen Bodenvorbereitungsmaßnahmen, verschiedenen Abmulchterminen und Sortenprüfungen im ökologischen Erdbeeranbau. Zusätzlich werden verschiedene Anbausysteme und Schnittmaßnahmen bei Himbeeren bewertet und Pflanzenschutzversuche bei Brombeeren und Stachelbeeren durchgeführt. Am Standort Jork werden Versuche zur Beikrautregulierung und zum Ertragsverhalten im Heidelbeeranbau und im Anbau von Schwarzen Johannisbeeren bearbeitet. %0 Generic %A Brockamp, Dipl. Ing. (FH) Leona %A Benduhn, Dipl. Ing. (FH) Bastian %D 2008 %F orgprints:15079 %K Erdbeeren, Himbeeren, Brombeeren, Stachelbeeren, Heidelbeeren, Schwarze Johannisbeeren, Bodenvorbereitungsmaßnahmen, Erdbeersorten, Abmulchen, Rutenmanagement, Pflanzenschutz, Beikrautregulierung, Anbausysteme Himbeeren, BÖL, BOEL, FKZ 06OE221 %T Anbausysteme und Kulturführung im ökologischen Erdbeer- und Strauchbeerenanbau zur Erhöhung der Bestandssicherheit (inkl. Strategien gegen Verunkrautung) %U http://orgprints.org/15079/ %X Das Projekt beinhaltet Versuche zu unterschiedlichen Bodenvorbereitungsmaßnahmen, verschiedenen Abmulchterminen und Sortenprüfungen im ökologischen Erdbeeranbau. Zusätzlich werden verschiedene Anbausysteme und Schnittmaßnahmen bei Himbeeren bewertet und Pflanzenschutzversuche bei Brombeeren und Stachelbeeren durchgeführt. Am Standort Jork werden Versuche zur Beikrautregulierung und zum Ertragsverhalten im Heidelbeeranbau und im Anbau von Schwarzen Johannisbeeren bearbeitet. %0 Conference Paper %A Brodt, Sonja %A Klonsky, Karen %A Jackson, Louise %A Brush, Steve %A Smukler, Sean %D 2008 %F orgprints:12026 %K biodiversity, ecosystem services, adoption, multifunctionality %T Opportunities and Obstacles in Adoption of Biodiversity-Enhancing Features on California Farms %U http://orgprints.org/12026/ %X The USDA National Organic Program requires the conservation of biodiversity and the maintenance or improvement of natural resources on organic farms. On-farm biodiversity-enhancing features such as border plantings can provide many of these ecosystem services. However, which practices farmers currently use to manage non-cropped edges, why and how they use these practices, and how subsidies and technical assistance affect farmers’ ability and willingness to manage farm edges for biodiversity are little studied topics. Our study set out to identify the range of practices currently used to manage non-cropped field edges, roadsides, pond edges, and banks of permanent watercourses (sloughs, canals, ditches) in a case study area in California. Secondary objectives were to gauge local farmers’ awareness of planted hedgerows and vegetated waterways and to gather preliminary information about the range of incentives and constraints to installing such features. %0 Conference Paper %A Brodt, Sonja %A Schug, Donald %D 2008 %F orgprints:12394 %K developing countries, extension, Farmer Field Schools, Green Revolution, organic conversion %T Challenges in Transitioning to Organic Farming in West Bengal, India %U http://orgprints.org/12394/ %X This paper uses a case study of small-scale rice and vegetable producers in West Bengal, India to argue that some of the same infrastructural and technical roots to problems that plague small farmers attempting to use chemically-intensive farming methods also hinder their ability to fully convert to global-style organic farming. In particular, problems in accessing knowledge and technical inputs are likely to translate into difficulties in adopting and maintaining organic production practices. This case study raises the question of whether the global organic model, which is highly dependent on specialized, knowledge-intensive techniques and expensive inputs, offers a true alternative for the developing country context. A locally developed model based on low-cost, local resources and disseminated through local information networks with substantial farmer participation may offer a more viable alternative. %0 Generic %A Buck, Holger %D 2008 %F orgprints:15311 %K BÖL, BOEL, FKZ 03OE056/1, Zwiebel, Säzwiebel, Steckzwiebel, Pflanzverfahren %N 1/2008 %T Zwiebeln säen oder pflanzen? – Bewertung und Rentabilitätsvergleich der beiden Anbauverfahren %U http://orgprints.org/15311/ %X Das Pflanzen von Zwiebeln hat sich in der Praxis als Alternative zum Standardverfahren „Zwiebeln säen“ in den letzten Jahren bewährt. Die Ergebnisse eines 3 jährigen BLEProjektes (2004-2006, 03OE056/1), durchgeführt vom Ökoring/KÖN auf norddeutschen Bio-Praxisflächen, stützen diese Aussage. Das Pflanzverfahren ist sowohl für kleine als auch für Betriebe mit großflächigem Anbau interessant. %0 Generic %A Burger, H. %A Schloen, M. %A Schmidt, W. %A Geiger, H. H. %D 2008 %F orgprints:15795 %I Springer Netherlands %K BÖL, BOEL, FKZ 03OE651/2, ökologischer Landbau, Züchtung, Sorten, Mais, Organic farming, Quantitative genetic parameters, Selection response, Specific adaptation, Zea mays L. %N 3 %P 501-510 %T Quantitative genetic studies on breeding maize for adaptation to organic farming %U http://orgprints.org/15795/ %V 163 %X Organic farming has gained in importance in Germany during recent years.Therefore an increasing demand exists for varieties with specific adaptation to this farming system. In the present study we therefore conducted comparative field experiments with modern maize breeding materials under organic versus conventional farming conditions (ORGandCON, respectively) to estimate quantitative genetic parameters needed for developing optimal breeding strategies and to investigate the perspectives of selection for specific adaptation to ORG. Starting from two broad samples of elite germplasm, consisting of 178 flint and dent lines, respectively, fractions of 11 flint and 11 dent lines were selected based on their testcross performance under ORG. A corresponding set of lines was selected under CON. Testcross performance was evaluated in three regions of Germany and selection of superior lines was practiced across two stages in 2004 and 2005, respectively. The specifically selected lines were crossed in a factorial manner for production of experimental interpool single-cross hybrids which were field-tested under ORG and CON in two regions in 2006. Average grain yields were about 16% lower under ORG than under CON.Variance components and entry-mean heritability coefficients under ORG largely resembled those obtained under CON. Phenotypic correlations between ORGandCONweremoderate for grain yield and strong for grain dry matter content. No consistent estimates were obtained for the corresponding genotypic correlation for grain yield. At the first stage of testcross selection no evidence of specific adaptation to ORG or CON was observed whereas the factorial crosses tested in 2006 displayed distinct, yet non-significant, advantages when evaluated under the respective target farming system. A small top fraction of hybrids showed outstanding performance under both ORG and CON. The chances of detecting such broadly adapted genotypes are increased if ORG test sites are included in the regular testing system. Quelle: Burger, H. et. al (2008): Quantitative genetic studies on breeding maize for adaptation to organic farming. Euphytica 163(3): S. 501-510. %0 Thesis %A Burger, Henriette %B Institut für Pflanzenzüchtung, Saatgutforschung und Populationsgenetik %D 2008 %F orgprints:15793 %I Universität Hohenheim, Stuttgart %K BÖL, BOEL, FKZ 03OE651/2, ökologischer Maisanbau, Pflanzenzüchtung, Züchtungsstrategien, Ökozüchtung, Sorten, Mais %T Methodenvergleich zur Entwicklung von Maissorten für den Ökologischen Landbau %U http://orgprints.org/15793/ %X Der Ökologische Landbau hat in den letzten Jahren in Deutschland stetig an Bedeutung gewonnen. Die Entwicklung hierfür geeigneter Sorten stellt daher eine wichtige Aufgabe der Pflanzenzüchtung dar. In diesem Zusammenhang ist zu überprüfen, ob die Zuchtziele, der Sortentyp und die Züchtungsstrategie auf die Anforderungen der ökologischen Wirtschaftsweise abgestimmt werden müssen. Dazu wurde von der Universität Hohenheim und der KWS SAAT AG von 2004 bis 2006 bei Mais ein Forschungsprojekt durchgeführt, in dessen Rahmen die vorliegende Arbeit entstand. Die wichtigsten Fragestellungen hierbei waren: (1) Können durch züchterische Selektion spezifisch an die Bedingungen des Ökologischen Landbaus angepasste Sorten entwickelt werden und welche Selektionsstrategie ist hierfür am besten geeignet? (2) Trägt die Sortenstruktur zur Eignung für die ökologische Wirtschaftsweise bei? (3) Besitzt aus Landrassen entwickeltes Zuchtmaterial ein erhöhtes Anpassungspotential und eignet es sich deshalb besonders gut als genetische Basis für die Züchtung von Sorten für den Ökologischen Landbau? Zur Beantwortung dieser Fragestellungen wurden Feldversuche mit modernem Elite- sowie mit Landrassenzuchtmaterial in drei Regionen Deutschlands (Einbeck/Niedersachsen, Stuttgart/Baden-Württemberg und Erding/Bayern) vergleichend unter ökologischen und konventionellen Anbaubedingungen durchgeführt. Ausgehend von zwei breiten Stichproben modernen Elitezuchtmaterials, die aus 178 Flint- bzw. Dentlinien bestanden, wurden für jede Wirtschaftsweise die 11 besten Flint- und die 11 besten Dentlinien in einem zweistufigen Verfahren selektiert, um daraus im Winter 2005/2006 zwei Sets spezifisch angepasster Hybriden (ÖKO-Hybriden, KON-Hybriden) aufzubauen. Aus dem gleichen züchterischen Ausgangsmaterial wurden vier im Hinblick auf Komponentenzahl (22, 44, 88) und Vermehrungsgeneration (Syn-2, Syn-3) unterschiedliche Synthetics entwickelt. Die Selektion der für den Aufbau von Experimentalhybriden und Synthetics geeigneten Linien erfolgte nach deren Testkreuzungsleistung in den Jahren 2004 und 2005. Zu diesem Zweck wurden in den Jahren 2004 und 2005 jeweils vier Materialsätze gebildet, von denen jeweils zwei aus Testkreuzungen der Flint- bzw. Dentlinien bestanden. Im Jahr 2004 wurden alle Linien der beiden Ausgangsstichproben getestet, 2005 dagegen nur die im Vorjahr unter den jeweiligen Anbaubedingungen etwa 25 % besten. Das Testen der Flintlinien erfolgte mit Denttestern und das der Dentlinien mit Flinttestern. Im ersten Versuchsjahr wurden jeweils eine Einfachkreuzung, im zweiten je zwei verschiedene Linien als Tester eingesetzt. Die Leistungsprüfungen wurden als 10×10- bzw. 10×8 Gitter mit zwei Wiederholungen in allen drei Regionen angelegt. In einer abschließenden Leistungsprüfung 2006 wurden die beiden Sets spezifisch entwickelter Hybriden (ÖKOHybriden, KON-Hybriden) zusammen mit den vier Synthetics getestet. Zwei weitere Feldversuche in den Jahren 2005 und 2006 dienten der Untersuchung des natürlichen Anpassungspotentials von aus Landrassen entwickeltem Zuchtmaterial an die ökologische Wirtschaftsweise. Anhand einer Testkreuzungsserie mit Linien, die mittels invivo-Haploidentechnik aus Landrassen entwickelt worden waren, sollten 2005 erste Kombinationsfähigkeitsdaten gewonnen werden. In einem abschließenden Versuch 2006 wurde die Testkreuzungsleistung von Linien, die aus den Populationssorten (Landrassen) ‘Gelber Badischer Landmais’ und ‘Schindelmeiser’ entwickelt worden waren, mit derjenigen von veralteten und modernen Elite-Linien verglichen. Die Versuche wurden in beiden Jahren in allen drei Regionen als 10×10 Gitter angelegt. Anhand der 2006 geprüften Sets spezifisch entwickelter Hybriden (ÖKO-Hybriden, KONHybriden) konnte gezeigt werden, dass durch gezielte Selektion eine Anpassung an die ökologische Wirtschaftsweise erreicht werden kann. Bei ökologischer Wirtschaftsweise erreichten die ÖKO-Hybriden einen um durchschnittlich 2,2 % höheren Kornertrag als die KON-Hybriden. Umgekehrt waren die KON-Hybriden den ÖKO-Hybriden unter konventionellen Anbaubedingungen um durchschnittlich 1,6 % überlegen. Im Hinblick auf die Wahl der optimalen Selektionsstrategie lässt sich anhand der vorliegenden quantitativ-genetischen Parameter keine abschließende Aussage treffen. Die für die ökologische Wirtschaftsweise ermittelten Varianzkomponenten- und Heritabilitätsschätzwerte waren den unter konventionellen Bedingungen ähnlich. Die geschätzten phänotypischen Korrelationen zwischen ökologischer und konventioneller Wirtschaftsweise waren mäßig straff für den Kornertrag und straff für den Korn-TSGehalt. Für die entsprechenden genotypischen Korrelationskoeffizienten ergaben sich keine konsistenten Schätzwerte. Wie aufgrund ihrer Struktur erwartet, zeigten die neu entwickelten Populationssorten (Synthetics) eine überdurchschnittliche Anpassung an die ökologische Wirtschaftsweise. Der Ertragsrückgang von konventioneller zu ökologischer Wirtschaftsweise betrug hier durchschnittlich nur 8 %, hingegen 15 % für die Vergleichshybriden. Allerdings war die Ertragsfähigkeit der Synthetics deutlich (ca. 23 %) geringer als die der Hybriden. Mittels DH-Technik aus den Landrassen ‘Gelber Badischer Landmais’ und ‘Schindelmeiser’ entwickelte Linien lagen in der Testkreuzungsleistung bei 73 bzw. 79 % der Leistung moderner Elitesorten. Bezogen auf die Leistung von Linien aus der Anfangsphase der Hybridzüchtung (First-Cycle-Linien) erzielten die aus Landrassen entwickelten DH-Linien eine um durchschnittlich 4 % bessere Testkreuzungsleistung bei ökologischer im Vergleich zu konventioneller Wirtschaftsweise. Diese Ergebnisse bestätigten, dass aus Landrassen entwickeltes Zuchtmaterial eine wertvolle genetische Ressource für die Züchtung von Öko Sorten darstellt. Die aus den Landrassen ‘Gelber Badischer Landmais’ und ‘Schindelmeiser’ entwickelten Linien befanden sich in der Testkreuzungsleistung auf einem ähnlichen Ertragsniveau wie die berühmte First-Cycle-Linie ‘F2’, die auf die Französische Population ‘Lacaune’ zurückgeht. Die Landrassen ‘Gelber Badischer Landmais’ und ‘Schindelmeiser’ bieten somit ähnlich gute Nutzungsperspektiven wie ‘Lacaune’. Außerdem konnte gezeigt werden, dass mit der DHTechnik ein Werkzeug zur Verfügung steht, das es erlaubt, Landrassen effektiv als genetische Ressource für die Pflanzenzüchtung einzusetzen. %0 Generic %A Burke, Geoffrey %D 2008 %F orgprints:13566 %K Animal health, animal growth, mixtures, varieties, herbal pastures %T The role and management of herbal pastures for animal health, productivity and product quality %U http://orgprints.org/13566/ %X This review seeks to address the role and management of herbal pastures for animal health, productivity and product quality. It aims to do this by way of reviewing available Defra funded and other research and identifying key and relevant aspects. In particular the target issues are: •Impact on animal health and growth • Mixtures/varieties • Meat quality • Production/yield; and • Climate change issues. There is however a clear variation in the number of papers focused on these various issues, with the majority of research being concerned with the impact on internal parasites and animal production performance primarily in sheep and deer. There is however more recently some research coming out of New Zealand concerning climate change issues with respect to dairy cows. This review highlights the key findings of individual papers, areas of knowledge and weakness along with opportunities for additional research. In section 2 the key points (in terms of this review) from the relevant papers are identified and presented. In section 3 the key advantages of mixed species pasture (MSP) and individual components are listed along with areas of weakness and opportunities for further research. %0 Book %A Buschhaus, Ute %A van Elsen, Thomas %A Joest, Ralf %A Krieger, Alfons %A Meyerhoff, Eva %A Petersen, Birgit %A Quade, Kendra %B FiBL-Merkblatt %C CH-Frick %D 2008 %E Bioland, %E KÖN, %E Demeter, %E Forschungsinstitut für biologischen Landbau, (FiBL) %F orgprints:18026 %I Forschungsinstitut für biologischen Landbau (FiBL) %T Die Hofstelle naturnah und attraktiv gestalten %U http://orgprints.org/18026/ %X Der Leitfaden bietet zahlreiche Anregungen und praktische Tipps für Landwirte zur naturnahen Gestaltung des Hofgeländes. Der Inhalt reicht von der Pflanzung von Gehölzen, der Begrünung von Fassaden und Dächern, Ideen für den Garten über die Gestaltung von Zäunen und Mauern oder der Nutzung von Wasser bis hin zur gezielten Förderung von Insekten, Vögeln und Fledermäusen. %0 Conference Paper %A Bussemas, R. %A Weissmann, F. %D 2008 %F orgprints:12087 %K Organic piglet production, prolonged suckling period, weaning age, performance, health aspects, BÖL, BOEL, FKZ 03OE378 %T Prolonged suckling period in organic piglet production – Effects on some performance and health aspects %U http://orgprints.org/12087/ %X The organic piglet suckling period typically takes about 6 weeks due to the minimum requirement of the EEC Regulation 2092/91 of 40 days. But piglets weaned in such a period are often characterized by inferior performance and health status. It is the aim of the present study to examine whether a prolonged suckling period of 63 days results in better performance and health status of the piglets. Therefore 36 sows were divided into 2 groups of 18 sows each as a control group with 42 days suckling period and a test group with 63 days suckling period. The rearing period for both the control group and the test group ended on day 77 p.n., which was also the end of the piglets´ data collection period. Three farrowing cycles with 108 litters were recorded. The extended suckling period resulted in an improved growth rate and in a reduced number of medically treated piglets and did not negatively affect the body condition and teats of the sows. Hence a prolongation of the suckling period compared to the minimum requirement of the EEC Regulation 2092/91 seems to be advisable. %0 Generic %A Butler, Gillian %D 2008 %F orgprints:16019 %I Wiley-Blackwell %K organic milk, dairy products, PUFA, CLA, human health, food quality %P 104-107 %T Spoilt for choice — is organic milk really any different? %U http://orgprints.org/16019/ %X Many of us buy organic milk and other produce simply through a gut feeling that “it is better for you”. We base our feeling on little more than prejudice. But it is a widespread prejudice: demand for organic milk grew by 40 million litres last year. Are there any grounds for that prejudice? And what does “better for you” mean? Gillian Butler has the evidence. %0 Generic %A Butler, Gillian %A Nielsen, Jacob H. %A Slots, Tina %A Seal, Chris %A Eyre, Mick D. %A Sanderson, Roy %A Leifert, Carlo %D 2008 %F orgprints:16010 %I Wiley-Blackwell %K milk, low-input farming, organic farming, fatty acid profiles %P 1431-1441 %T Fatty acid and fat-soluble antioxidant concentrations in milk from high- and low-input conventional and organic systems: seasonal variation %U http://orgprints.org/16010/ %V 88 %X BACKGROUND: Previous studies showed differences in fatty acid (FA) and antioxidant profiles between organic and conventional milk. However, they did not (a) investigate seasonal differences, (b) include non-organic, lowinput systems or (c) compare individual carotenoids, stereoisomers of α-tocopherol or isomers of conjugated linoleic acid. This survey-based study compares milk from three production systems: (i) high-input, conventional (10 farms); (ii) low-input, organic (10 farms); and (iii) low-input non-organic (5 farms). Samples were taken during the outdoor grazing (78 samples) and indoor periods (31 samples). RESULTS: During the outdoor grazing period, on average, milk from the low-input systems had lower saturated FAs, but higher mono- and polyunsaturated FA concentrations compared with milk from the high-input system. Milk from both the low-input organic and non-organic systems had significantly higher concentrations of nutritionally desirable FAs and antioxidants – conjugated linoleic (60% and 99%, respectively) and α-linolenic (39% and 31%, respectively) acids, α-tocopherol (33% and 50%, respectively) and carotenoids (33% and 80%, respectively) – compared with milk from the high-input system. Milk composition differed significantly between the two low-input systems during the second half of the grazing period only; withmilk from non-organic cows being higher in antioxidants, and conjugated linoleic acid, and that from organic cows in α-linolenic acid. In contrast, few significant differences in composition were detected between high-input and low-input organic systems when cows were housed. CONCLUSIONS: Milk composition is affected by production systems by mechanisms likely to be linked to the stage and length of the grazing period, and diet composition, which will influence subsequent processing, and sensory and potential nutritional qualities of the milk. (c) 2008 Society of Chemical Industry %0 Conference Paper %A Cabilovski, dipl ing Ranko %A Manojlovic, Prof Maja %A Bogdanovic, Prof Darinka %A Bavec, Prof Martina %D 2008 %F orgprints:12085 %K lettuce, fertilization, yield, profit %T Economic aspects of the application of different organic materials as N-sources in organic production of lettuce %U http://orgprints.org/12085/ %X In a field experiment on a farm registered for organic production, we studied the effect of the application of different organic materials (OM): farmyard manure (FYM), guano (G), soybean seed (S), forage pea seed (P) on lettuce yield. Besides yield, we also analyzed the economic profitability of the application of different OM. Fresh lettuce yield was significantly higher with OM treatments than with the treatments without fertilization. The highest yield was obtained with the FYM treatment (43.7 t ha-1), and the lowest with the application of P (42.0 t ha-1). The highest additional profit was obtained with the FYM treatment (1123 EUR ha-1) and the lowest with the application of P (475 EUR ha-1). %0 Conference Paper %A Callesen, I. %A Østergård, H. %D 2008 %F orgprints:12222 %K net primary production (NPP), natural ecosystems, biomass extraction, carbon storage, energy balance %T Energy efficiency of biomass production in managed versus natural temperate forest and grassland ecosystems %U http://orgprints.org/12222/ %X In a conceptual model study based on literature data from Danish ecosystems, energy yield from biomass production was compared in two semi-natural ecosystems (broadleaved forest and grassland) and their managed counterparts. The highest net energy yield of harvested biomass was obtained in the managed grassland system. The energy efficiency in terms of output:input ratios were about 190:1 in the managed beech forest and 6:1 in the managed grassland. This is discussed in relation to nitrogen cycling, carbon storage and energy efficiency of biomass production. %0 Conference Paper %A Canavari, Prof. Maurizio %A Cantore, Dr. Nicola %A Lombardi, Dr. Pamela %D 2008 %F orgprints:12577 %K Organic farming, ethnocentrism, local origin. %T Factors explaining farmers’ behaviours and intentions about agricultural methods of production. Organic vs. conventional comparison %U http://orgprints.org/12577/ %X We investigate the factors explaining behaviours and attitudes of farmers towards organic practices. Among a wide set of motivational, economic and environmental variables, we focus on those factors related to ethnocentrism of farmers and the importance of local origin labels. We find that ethnocentrism cannot explain neither the present status of farmers (organic vs. conventional) nor their future intentions about the adoption of agricultural methods of production. However, the absence of local origin labels is significantly affecting the choice of conventional farmers who do not convert to organic farming. %0 Generic %A Carcea, Marina %A Samson, Marie-Françoise %A Abecassis, Joël %A INRAN Roma (Italy), %A INRA Montpellier (France), %C Roma and Montpellier %D 2008 %F orgprints:16531 %I INRAN and INRA %T AGTEC-Org Technological Handbook of Methods %U http://orgprints.org/16531/ %X A common handbook was conceived in the CORE Organic AGTEC-Org project in order to give some elements on technological treatments and analyses which will be led in the project. %0 Generic %A Carlsgart, M.Sc. Josefine %D 2008 %F orgprints:13692 %K Ascaris suum, parasit, biogas, manure, survival, degasification %T Parasitter hæmmes i biogasanlæg %U http://orgprints.org/13692/ %V 401 %X Tilbageførsel af afgasset husdyr-gødning til afgrøder i økologisk jordbrug, kan medvirke til spredningen af husdyrparasitter på landbrugsarealer - til gene for menneskers og husdyrs helbred. I FØJO-projektet BIOCONCENS, undersøges overlevelsen af Ascaris suum (svinets spolorm) i økologisk drevne mesofile (35-40°C) og termofile (>45°C) biogasanlæg. Asgaris suum er meget sejlivet og derfor en velegnet indikatororganisme i projektet, hvor især temperaturens indflydelse på overlevelsen bliver undersøgt. Projektet vil bidrage med solid viden om, hvordan husdyrgødning kan recirkuleres uden risiko for dyr og menneskers sundhed. %0 Generic %A Carneiro Neto, José Alves %A Andrade, Eunice Maia de %A Rosa, Morsyleide de Freitas %A Mota, Francisco Suetônio Bastos %A Lopes, José Frédson Bezerra %D 2008 %F orgprints:20372 %K Análise fatorial, Agricultura sustentável, Impacto ambiental, Factorial analysis, Sustainable agriculture, Environmental impacts Agrovoc code: 10729 Factorial analysis, 33561 Sustainable agriculture, 24420 Environmental impact %N 4 %P 1272-1279 %T Índice de sustentabilidade agroambiental para o perímetro irrigado Ayres de Souza. %U http://orgprints.org/20372/ %V 32 %X Uma análise integrada do atual uso dos recursos naturais do Perímetro Irrigado de Ayres de Souza, localizado no Vale do Acaraú, Ceará, foi realizada através do desenvolvimento de um índice de sustentabilidade agroecológica. Os dados dessa pesquisa foram oriundos de questionários aplicados a 33 produtores agrícolas beneficiados pelo projeto de irrigação. Os indicadores de sustentabilidade foram estimados pelo emprego de análise fatorial, método da análise fatorial/análise de componentes principais. O índice de sustentabilidade estimado a partir dos indicadores selecionados registrou uma situação de sustentabilidade fragilizada ou de insustentabilidade reversível. As unidades produtivas apresentaram um porcentual de 60,6% com alguma sustentabilidade; e os demais 39,4% estão em condições de insustentabilidade. Os resultados também mostraram que os fatores dominantes do índice de sustentabilidade foram: nível da atividade agrícola praticada, agricultura familiar, condições atuais do sistema água-solo e infraestrutura,fontes alternativas de renda e experiência em tratos culturais. %0 Conference Paper %A Carter, Mette S. %A Johansen, Anders %A Haugaard-Nielsen, Henrik %A Ambus, Per %D 2008 %F orgprints:15844 %K N2O, bio-energy, maize %T Consequences of agro-biofuel production for greenhouse gas emissions %U http://orgprints.org/15844/ %X The objective of the study was to examine the effect on N2O and CH4 emissions when residues from bio-energy production are recycling as organic fertilizer for a maize energy crop. The study showed that the N2O emission associated with the cultivation of the maize crop offset a considerable faction of the fossil CO2, which was avoided by producing the biofuels. %0 Conference Paper %A Casagrande, Marion %A David, Christophe %A Etienne, Catherine %A Makowski, David %A Valantin-Morison, Muriel %A Jeuffroy, Marie-Hélène %D 2008 %F orgprints:11825 %K organic winter wheat, Grain Protein Content, limiting factors, diagnosis %T Agronomic and environmental factors explaining Grain Protein Content variability in organic winter wheat %U http://orgprints.org/11825/ %X A regional agronomic diagnosis was implemented to identify factors responsible for low values of Grain Protein Content (GPC) in a network of 35 organic winter wheat fields in South-Eastern France. The influence of water nutrition, radiation and temperature, weed density at flowering, nitrogen (N) status of crop at flowering and variety type were studied. Two statistical methods were used successively: classical linear regression and a mixing model approach based on a weighted sum of all possible linear combinations of explanatory variables. GPC was significantly related to variety type, crop N status and weed density. An analysis of variance showed that weed density was related to soil type and nitrogen supply. %0 Conference Paper %A Caturano, E. %A Roccuzzo, G. %A Canali, S. %A Adamo, S. %A Giuffrida, F. %A Leonardi, C. %D 2008 %F orgprints:12651 %K survey, fertilisation, vegetable, intensive cultivation, idrolised proteins %T Organic vegetable production in Southern Italy: soil fertility management and fertilisation strategies. %U http://orgprints.org/12651/ %X Despite the importance of the organic sector in Italy, there are still many difficulties in crop management amenable to weed control, plant protection and soil fertility keeping. Concerning this last aspect and focusing attention to the vegetables crops, the subject is even more complex for the intensive cultivations, the difficulty of rotations implementation, etc. To develop research programmes, we have in a preliminary phase carried out, in a representative area in the south of Italy, a survey aimed at better understanding the main characteristics of organic vegetable agrosystems in terms of plant nutrition and fertility maintenance. The picture concerning about fifty farms is presented and discussed. %0 Generic %A Celette, Florian %A Peigne, Joséphine %A Thomsen, Ingrid Kaag %A Carcea, Marina %A Aveline, Anne %A Hellou, Guénaëlle %A Mäder, Paul %A Hiltbrunner, Jürg %A Mayer, Jochen %A Dubois, David %A Thommen, Andreas %A Schweinzer, Agnes %A Friedel, Juergen K. %A David, Christophe %A ISARA-Lyon (France), %A Aarhus University (Denmark), %A INRAN Roma (Italy), %A ESA Angers (France), %A ART Zürich (Switzerland), %A FiBL Frick (Switzerland), %A BOKU Vienna (Austria), %C Lyon %D 2008 %F orgprints:16461 %I ISARA %K methodology; monitoring; field trials; soil fertility; wheat crop; %T AGTEC-Org Agronomy Handbook of Methods %U http://orgprints.org/16461/ %X A common handbook was conceived in the CORE Organic AGTEC-Org project in order to give some elements of field trial monitoring. %0 Generic %A Charão, Pablo Santini %A Olivo, Clair Jorge %A Meinerz, Gilmar %A Pereira, Lilian Elgalise Techio %A Scaravelli, Luciene Fernanda de Barros %A Ziech, Magnos Fernando %A Both, José Francisco %A Dullius, Ana Paula %D 2008 %F orgprints:21912 %K Avena strigosa, Lolium multiflorum, Pastagens mistas, Pennisetum purpureum, Sistemas de produção. Avena strigosa, Lolium multiflorum, Mixed pastures, Pennisetum purpureum, Production systems. %N 4 %P 1092-1098 %T Valor nutritivo de pastagens de capim-elefante manejadas sob sistema convencional e agroecológico. %U http://orgprints.org/21912/ %V 38 %X O capim-elefante é utilizado, na sua grande maioria, em sistemas convencionais de produção animal. O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar o valor nutritivo do capimelefante em sistemas de manejo agroecológico e convencional, quanto a proteína bruta (PB), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) e digestibilidade in vitro da matéria seca (DIVMS). Foram usados quatro piquetes, com 0,12ha cada um. No sistema convencional, o capim-elefante foi estabelecido singularmente. No sistema agroecológico, o plantio foi feito em linhas afastadas de 3m. Nas entrelinhas, estabeleceu-se a aveia e o azevém no período hibernal, enquanto que no período estival permitiu-se o desenvolvimento de espécies espontâneas. A adubação foi feita com fertilizantes orgânicos (150kg ha-1 de N). No sistema agroecológico, foram conduzidos sete pastejos, de 24/04/2004 a 05/05/2005. Na pastagem convencional, usouse a mesma quantidade de N (uréia), sendo conduzidos quatro ciclos de pastejo, de 06/10/2004 a 05/05/2005. Para ambos os sistemas foram utilizadas vacas da raça Holandês, recebendo complementação alimentar de 3,5kg dia-1 de concentrado com 20% de proteína bruta, constituindo-se nos animais experimentais. Nas avaliações, considerou-se a massa de forragem inicial com base na matéria seca (MS), os componentes botânicos da pastagem e estruturais do capimelefante. As análises de qualidade foram feitas em amostras de pastejo simulado. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado com dois tratamentos, convencional e agroecológico, duas repetições (piquetes) e em parcelas incompletas subdivididas no tempo (pastejos). Houve interação (P<0,05) entre tratamentos e pastejos em todas as variáveis. Na pastagem agroecológica, o modelo que melhor se ajustou foi o cúbico para todas as variáveis, em função do tempo de pastejo. Na pastagem convencional, a PB e a DIVMS ajustaram-se melhor ao modelo linear, com taxa positiva de crescimento, sendo observado comportamento inverso para FDN, com o decorrer dos pastejos. Tanto na pastagem convencional quanto na agroecológica encontraram-se associações negativas entre lâmina foliar do capim-elefante com PB e DIVMS e positiva com FDN. Ambos os sistemas apresentaram teores qualitativos elevados das pastagens, considerando-se a adubação, o manejo e o tempo de utilização. %0 Conference Paper %A Cheng, Hongyuan %A Friis, Alan %D 2008 %F orgprints:19729 %K Expansion, Extrusion, whole wheat flour, modelling %T Expansion of the whole wheat flour extrusion %U http://orgprints.org/19729/ %X A new model framework is proposed to describe the expansion of extrudates with extruder operating conditions based on dimensional analysis principle. The Buckingham pi dimensional analysis method is applied to form the basic structure of the model from extrusion process operational parameters. Using the Central Composite Design (CCD) method, whole wheat flour was processed in a twin-screw extruder with 16 trials. The proposed model can well correlate the expansion of the 16 trials using 3 regression parameters. The average deviation of the correlation is 5.9%. %0 Conference Paper %A Chirinda, Mr Ngonidzashe %A Olesen, Professor Jørgen, E. %D 2008 %F orgprints:11700 %K soil organic matter, crop yield, crop rotation, soil microbiology %T Effects of organic matter input on soil microbial properties and crop yields in conventional and organic cropping systems %U http://orgprints.org/11700/ %X Unlike conventional cropping systems, which are characterised by targeted short-term fertility management, organic farming systems depend on long-term increase in soil fertility and promotion of soil biodiversity. This study sought to investigate long-term effects of organic matter inputs on various cropping systems in a 10-year-old experiment. Results show that in the long-term high C and N inputs enhance microbial activity. Microbial biomass N and the potential nitrification rate were higher in cropping systems based on green manure than in those reliant on inputs from animal manure and mineral fertilizer. Soil microbiological properties were affected by the individual crops in the rotation. The high microbial activity with increased organic matter inputs did not transform to enhanced crop productivity. %0 Conference Paper %A Chirinda, Mr Ngonidzashe %A Olesen, Professor Jørgen, E. %A Porter, Professor John, R %D 2008 %F orgprints:14656 %K soil organic matter, crop yield, crop rotation, soil microbiology. %P 56-59 %T Effects of organic matter input on soil microbial properties and crop yields in conventional and organic cropping systems %U http://orgprints.org/14656/ %V Volume 1 %X Unlike conventional cropping systems, which are characterised by targeted short-term fertility management, organic farming systems depend on long-term increase in soil fertility and promotion of soil biodiversity. This study sought to investigate long-term effects of organic matter inputs on various cropping systems in a 10-year-old experiment. Results show that in the long-term high C and N inputs enhance microbial activity. Microbial biomass N and the potential nitrification rate were higher in cropping systems based on green manure than in those reliant on inputs from animal manure and mineral fertilizer. Soil microbiological properties were affected by the individual crops in the rotation. The high microbial activity with increased organic matter inputs did not transform to enhanced crop productivity. %0 Generic %A Christensen, Tove %D 2008 %F orgprints:15153 %T Ansvaret for sikre fødevarer %U http://orgprints.org/15153/ %V 411 %X Kan efterspørgslen efter henholdsvis økologi og fødevaresikkerhed kaldes politisk forbrug – eller er det snarere tværtimod? %0 Conference Paper %A Ciaccia, Dr Corrado %A Di Bartolomeo, Dr Emanuela %A Calabretta, Dr M.L. %A Intrigliolo, Dr Francesco %A Tittarelli, Dr. Fabio %A Canali, Dr. Stefano %D 2008 %F orgprints:12570 %K Compost, citrus-processing, organic matter quality %T Quality assessment of citrus-processing industry waste compost for organic and conventional farming %U http://orgprints.org/12570/ %X The aim of the work was to verify the potential of citrus by-products for the production of a quality compost to be used in both conventional and organic farming. Two different composts were produced utilizing Pastazzo (mixture of citrus pulp and skins). One of them, to be used in conventional farming, was prepared adding sludges obtained from citrus industry waste water treatment to pastazzo. The other one, whose final destination was organic farming, was produced without the addition of sludge as starting raw material. Chemical parameters were used to evaluate the characteristics of the final product. Results obtained demonstrated that organic residues from citrus-processing industry could be considered as raw materials for the production of quality composts for both conventional and organic farming. %0 Conference Paper %A Ciavatta, C. %A Gioacchini, P. %A Montecchio, D. %D 2008 %F orgprints:12101 %K Organic Carbon Sequestration, Organic farming, Pear orchard %T Can Organic Farming Contribute to Carbon Sequestration? A Survey in a Pear Orchard in Emilia-Romagna Region, Italy %U http://orgprints.org/12101/ %X The effect of organic fertilisation on the level of total organic carbon (TOC) in an 18-years old pear orchard (cv. Abate Fetel) was evaluated vs. a conventional pear orchard mineral fertilized (control). In both orchards soil samples (Typic Udochrept loamy soil) were taken at two depths (0-15 and 30-50 cm) along the row (tilled and mainly amended with compost) and in the inter-row space (grassed with different Graminaceae species in the organic orchard, bare in the conventional orchard). The area (elevation 20 m), located in Bologna province, Emilia-Romagna Region (Italy), is characterised by mean annual temperature 13.1 °C and rainfall around 750 mm. In the horizon 0-15 cm of the row an increase of about 14 tons ha-1 of TOC has been calculated after 18-years of cultivation and amendment compared to the control soil, which had received just mineral fertilisation. A significant increase of TOC (about 6.3 tons ha-1) was also measured in the top layer (0-15 cm) in the grassed inter-row, where this C sink is exclusively due to the cover crop. A survey of the role of organic vs. conventional farming on soil C sink/source is started in 2007 in 8 typical organic orchard farms located in Emilia-Romagna Region and it is still running. %0 Conference Paper %A Cisilino, Federica %A Madau, Fabio A. %D 2008 %E Brasili C., Fanfani R., Rastoin JL., %F orgprints:14142 %I BUP Bologna %K Comparative Analysis, FADN Sampling, Organic Farming, Efficiency Analysis %T A Comparative Analysis of Organic and Conventional Farming trough the Italian FADN %U http://orgprints.org/14142/ %X This paper presents some results from a wider research on economic and environmental sustainability of organic farming. It aims to compare organic and conventional farming in order to identify some of the main differences between those groups of farms that participated in the official Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN)-2003. The study is organized in two sections. The first part, after a brief literature review of the most recent statistical methodologies applied to identify the two similar groups of farms, presents some key economic variables (production, costs and revenues) and the most widely-used structural, economic and balance sheet indexes. The second part describes findings from a case study on the Italian fruit-growing sector. A non-parametric input-oriented frontier analysis (Data Envelopment Analysis, DEA)was used to evaluate which technique makes better use of their disposable productive inputs. Findings show that organic farmers can (partially) overcome the productivity gap (with respect to conventional ones) by more efficient use of their inputs (with respect to their own frontier). %0 Conference Paper %A Clarke, Dr S.M. %A Jones, Dr. H %A Haigh, Miss Z %A Boyd, Miss H %A Wolfe, Prof. M.S. %D 2008 %F orgprints:11788 %K husked oats; varieties; variety mixtures; diseases; crop cover %T Effects of husked oat varieties, variety mixtures and populations on disease levels, crop cover and their resulting yields %U http://orgprints.org/11788/ %X Two seasons (2005/06 and 2006/07) of field experiments which aimed to study the suitability of new and established husked oat varieties, variety mixtures and a husked oat population for organic systems were established at two sites in the west and east of the UK. The ground cover and leaf area indices of the varieties had significant effects on final yields in the 2005/06. Mixtures generally yielded similarly to the means of component varieties but the mixtures in 2005/06 and 2006/07 had 25 % and 18 % less disease, respectively, than the average of the component varieties at one site. %0 Generic %A Claudi-Magnussen, C. %D 2008 %F orgprints:14745 %K økologi; sortbrogede; kastration; kødkvalitet; grise; sæsonproduktion %T Økologiske sæsongrise - kødkvalitet for sæson 2007 %U http://orgprints.org/14745/ %X Kødkvaliteten for sæsonproducerede økologiske små hangrise (ca. 30 kg slagtevægt), store sogrise (100, 90 og 70 kg) og søer slagtet efter første læg (120 og 80 kg) er undersøgt for to sotyper (Landrace x Yorkshire = LY og Sortbroget Dansk Landrace = SB) og tre krydsninger af han- og sogrise (LYxDuroc = LYxD, SBxD og SBxSB). De sortbrogede grise og i lidt mindre grad SBxD har mørkere kød end LY / LYxD grisene og kødfarven er mørkere end hos konventionelle og økologiske slagtesvin ved normal slagtevægt. De sortbrogede grise har måske lidt mindre mørt kød, men forsøgets stikprøve er for lille til at sige noget sikkert. De sortbrogede grise har en speciel smag i fedtet karakteriseret som nøddeagtig og sød. Der er ikke konstateret specielt høj eller lav pH i kødet. De sortbrogede små hangrise har for nogle produkter noget stærkere griselugt og –smag (måske også hangriselugt og –smag) end LYxD krydsningen. Det kan hænge sammen med et højere indhold af skatol i fedtet. Der skal dog en væsentlig større stikprøve til at sige noget sikkert om forekomsten / frekvensen af hangriselugt for de enkelte krydsninger. Androstenon har også betydning for hangriselugt men er ikke analyseret i denne undersøgelse. %0 Conference Paper %A Claudi-Magnussen, C. %A Kongsted, A.G. %D 2008 %F orgprints:14746 %P 66-67 %T Boar taint in very small organic entire male pigs - preliminary results %U http://orgprints.org/14746/ %X Very small entire male pigs can be part of a new concept of organic seasonal production of pigs. The concept includes outdoor production of small entire male pigs, very large female pigs and sows slaughtered after first litter. The entire males and the sows are slaughtered in the summer and the female pigs gilts in December. The purpose of the very small entire male pigs is to avoid castration and boar taint at the same time. In order to make the concept special regarding product quality and image, different crossbreeds are considered including a traditional Danish breed. Two seasons (2007 and 2008) are planned. Results of the 2007 season are presented. %0 Thesis %9 PhD %A Clottu, Ophélie %D 2008 %F orgprints:17263 %I Vetsuisse Fakultät der Universität Bern %K viscum album, Misteltherapie, Equine Sarcoid, mistletoe %T Treatment of equine sarcoid with the mistletoe extract ISCADOR(R) P (viscum album austriacus) : a double-blind placebo controlled study %U http://orgprints.org/17263/ %X Background: The Equine Sarcoid (ES) is the most common skin tumour in horses. It is difficult to treat: recurrence rate is high and no single universally effective treatment for ES is known. Viscum album extracts (VAE) are used as adjunct in the treatment of some human cancers without known side effects. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that the long-term therapy with VAE (Iscador® P) is effective in Equine Sarcoids as a single treatment or as an adjunct treatment to selective surgical excision. Material and methods: Of 53 horses with ES, 42 were treated solely with VAE as monotherapy and 11 were treated after selective excision of ES. Horses were randomly assigned to the treatment group (VAE; n=32) or control group (Placebo; n=21). The horses received rising concentrations of Iscador® P extract from 0.1 mg per ml to 20 mg per ml or physiological NaCl solution 3 times a week over 105 days s.c. Number, localization, size and type of the ES were documented over 12 months. Horses were grouped in 3 classes: individuals with <3 ES, 3 to 9 ES and >9ES. Statistical analysis of effects was divided in horse level and sarcoid level analysis. In horse level analysis effects were assessed considering the development of all 3 tumours found in the horse. Outcome of this analysis was cure, improvement (decrease of tumour size by 50% or more in at least half of the tumours), unchanged status or deterioration, respectively. Sarcoid level assessment included analysis of 1 to 7 clinically relevant sarcoids per horse comparing parameters of size and quality of single tumours in both treatment groups. All analyses were performed using statistical package STATA ver.9.2. Significance level was set at p<0.05. Results: Horse level: In the VAE group, 13 horses (40.6%) showed an improvement. Of these, 9 patients showed complete remission (28.1%). In the control group only 3 cases (14%), all showing complete remission, were classified as improved. Significantly better results were observed after VAE treatment in horses with 3 to 9 ES compared to those with <3 ES or >9 ES. Sarcoid level: After one year observation time in the VAE group 27 ES showed complete remission (37.5%) and there was an improvement in 48 (66.7%) ES. In contrast, in the control group 9 ES with complete remission (13.2%; n.s.) and 17 ES (39.5%; p=0.005) with improvement were found. The only side effects observed after VAE were slight oedema at the injection site in 5 of 32 cases, which disappeared spontaneously within two to three days. Conclusions: VAE (Iscador® P) represent a safe and effective treatment for ES, particularly in cases with multiple sarcoids. %0 Conference Paper %A Connolly, Liam %A McDonnell, James %D 2008 %F orgprints:19876 %I Teagasc, Ireland %P 97-106 %T Financial Performance of Organic Cattle Farming %U http://orgprints.org/19876/ %X FFI/ha on organic cattle rearing farms was 56% higher than on conventional farms due entirely to lower costs of production (€240/ha v €640/ha). However the organic farms were selected as monitor farms and therefore represent the better producers whilst the conventional farms were selected at random. Output and direct payments per ha were higher on conventional farms but not sufficient to cover the additional costs. Organic farms were 24% larger than conventional farms. Organic drystock cattle producers had a more viable socio-economic profile, whilst technical performance was higher on the conventional farms. Organic dairy farms had 7% higher farm income over conventional dairy farmers in 2007. However, these data are based on a small sample and should therefore be interpreted with caution. %0 Conference Paper %A Conte, Dr. Luca %A Chiarini, Dr. Francesca %D 2008 %F orgprints:11881 %K Tetranychus urticae, Phytoseiulus persimilis, biological control, water %T The two-spotted spider mite can be controlled by water %U http://orgprints.org/11881/ %X The effects of a fogging system on the control of the two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae) were studied in greenhouse cultivation of eggplant, cucumber and strawberry during the period 1999-2006. At the beginning the pest and the phytoseiid predator Phytoseiulus persimilis were released on the crops and then observations were made on the development of the populations of both mites. Fogging system effects were found in terms of lowering the T. urticae population and hindering the growth of powdery mildew fungus. Furthermore there was a yield increase in the cases of strawberry and cucumber in 2001 but no negative impact on pest management was ever detected, particularly on the biological control of the melon aphid (Aphis gossypii) achieved using multiple releases of parasitoids. %0 Conference Paper %A Cooper, J.M. %A Schmidt, C.S. %A Lueck, L. %A Shotton, P.N. %A Leifert, C. %D 2008 %F orgprints:11747 %K organic production, pesticides, Delia radicum, Sclerotinium sclerotiorum, Phytophthora infestans %T Effects of crop management factors and the environment on pest and disease incidence in vegetables %U http://orgprints.org/11747/ %X The Nafferton Factorial Systems Comparison (NFSC) experiments are part of a long-term field trial that compares organic and conventional systems of crop rotation, crop protection and fertility management, in a factorial design. Pest and disease incidence in vegetables in the 2005, 2006 and 2007 season are reported. Cabbage root fly damage was always reduced under organic crop protection, but there were no consistent trends for the effects of fertility management on this pest. Sclerotinia in lettuce was consistently higher under conventional fertility management. Blight in potatoes was enhanced in the 2007 season by the combination of conventional fertility management and organic crop protection practices. Mechanisms for these effects, including the role of plant nutrition and the environment, are discussed. %0 Conference Paper %A Cooper, Julia M. %A Melchett, Peter %D 2008 %F orgprints:11425 %K organic farming, soil organic carbon, carbon sequestration, greenhouse gas emissions %T Should organic farmers be rewarded for sequestering C in soil? %U http://orgprints.org/11425/ %X The question of whether farmers, and organic farmers in particular, should be rewarded for sequestering C in soils is controversial. A review of the literature on long term experiments comparing organic and conventional systems, demonstrates that soils under organic management tend to have higher soil organic carbon (SOC) contents than conventionally managed soils. But the logistics of designing a system that compensates individual farmers for this ecosystem service are challenging. Agreements would have to be reached on the baseline system used for calculation of relative gains in SOC, values for emissions of other GHGs from soils (e.g. methane and nitrous oxide), the direct and indirect CO2 emissions associated with energy use and crop production inputs in the C sequestering system, and emissions associated with sources of SOC imported onto the farm. Alternatively, the evidence for generally higher SOC under organic management could justify an additional payment, for example under the UK Government’s Organic Entry Level Scheme. %0 Conference Paper %A Coppola, F. %A Haugaard-Nielsen, H. %A Bastianoni, S. %A Østergård, H. %D 2008 %F orgprints:11381 %K Organic and conventional production, soil type, wheat, emergy, sustainability assessment %T Sustainability assessment of wheat production using Emergy %U http://orgprints.org/11381/ %X Sustainability of crop production has to be given high priority when global biomass resources are limited. Here emergy evaluation is applied in order to assess sustainability of crop production exemplified by winter wheat. Emergy evaluation takes into account all inputs involved in a production system (i.e. renewable and non-renewable, local and imported) and transforms them into a common measure of direct and indirect solar energy requirement. The evaluation of winter wheat production is conducted by comparing conventional and organic management on two soil types using Danish reference conditions. The resource use efficiency of wheat production per kg biomass is higher using conventional management practices. This is due to high yield based on large use of non-renewable resources. The environmental loading ratio from organic management practices is about a third of the conventional implying that the organic management can be considered more sustainable. %0 Conference Paper %A Cornish, Peter %A Obersen, Astrid %D 2008 %F orgprints:12830 %K Phosphorus, certification, research, farming system, environment %T New Approaches to Phosphorus Regulation and Management %U http://orgprints.org/12830/ %X Phosphorus (P) conservation and the environmental, ecological and economic issues related to over-use and under-use of P on organic farms are addressed. Re-examination of Certification Standards is recommended to ensure the conservation and efficient use of P through adaptation of organic management to local conditions, ecology, culture and scale. Changes that will conserve P and minimise environmental risk are identified, along with the necessary research to make this possible. %0 Conference Paper %A Costa, Dr Cecilia %A Lodesani, Dr Marco %A Serra, Dr Giorgia %A Colombo, Mr Roberto %A Sabatini, Dr Anna Gloria %D 2008 %F orgprints:11653 %K beeswax / organic / coumaphos / fluvalinate / acaricide %T Survey of acaricide residues in Italian organic and conventional beeswax %U http://orgprints.org/11653/ %X According to EU Regulation 1804/99, beekeepers converting to organic production methods must replace old combs, which contain residues of lipophilic acaricides used to control infestation of Varroa destructor, with residue-free wax. This poses problems due to difficulty in obtaining organic wax, passage of residues from old wax to new residue-free foundations and the risk of contamination of foundations in the wax transforming firms. To monitor the residue levels of Italian beeswax, samples produced between 1990 and 2006 were analysed for residues of most commonly used acaricides. The samples analysed for the two most commonly used active ingredients, coumaphos and fluvalinate, were classified according to the production method (organic, conventional or converting) and according to the kind of wax (melted or foundation). For all the considered a.i. the average levels of residues in all kinds of samples (organic and conventional) grouped by year, decreased during the considered time period. Classification according to production method showed that organic beekeeping practices have definitely reduced levels of residues, although these persist in wax for a long time. Average levels of acaricide residues in organic melted cap beeswax were used by most Italian Control Bodies for fixing thresholds levels for use of wax in organic beekeeping (200ppb for coumaphos and 100ppb for fluvalinate). %0 Thesis %9 Masters %A Cotrim, Décio Souza %C Porto Alegre %D 2008 %F orgprints:21741 %I Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS %K Pescadores artesanais, Agroecologia, Pesca, Análise da sustentabilidade Fishermen, Agroecology, Fisheries, Sustainability analysis %T Agroecologia, sustentabilidade e os pescadores artesanais: o caso de Tramandaí (RS). %U http://orgprints.org/21741/ %X A presente dissertação de mestrado se concentrou na análise da comunidade de pescadores artesanais de Tramandaí-RS. A complexidade do objeto de estudo levou a opção metodológica do uso do enfoque sistêmico para a operacionalização da pesquisa A adaptação da teoria de sistemas agrários para o trabalho com pescadores foi o caminho escolhido. Desta forma, através da reconstituição da evolução e diferenciação de sistemas pesqueiros foi possível a identificação de quatro fases, ou sistemas pesqueiros, que constituíram os momentos de desenvolvimento comunitário com características próprias e diferenciais. No último sistema pesqueiro, o contemporâneo, foi realizada uma divisão tipo lógica dos atuais sistemas de produção na pesca e as suas descrições. Foram encontrados seis sistemas que se diferenciaram entre eles por peculiaridades de seus sistemas técnicos de captura, de suas estratégias de reprodução social ou por sua relação com a Natureza. Após a identificação e descrição dos sistemas de produção foi realizada uma análise da sustentabilidade com base em indicadores sociais, econômicos, ambientais e políticos que foram construídos fundamentados na Agroecologia. O método de avaliação da sustentabilidade lançou mão de biogramas e índices para auxiliar a compreensão das implicações sistêmicas do tema. %0 Conference Paper %A Creemers, P. %A Van Laer, S. %A Van Mechelen, A. %A Vorstermans, B. %A Hauke, K. %D 2008 %E Boos, Markus %F orgprints:13648 %K Scab, Powdery mildew, salts %P 76-81 %T Evaluation of the users value of salts against apple scab and powdery mildew for fruit production %U http://orgprints.org/13648/ %X The research was aimed at finding anti resistance strategies for Integrated fruit growing. As the salts tested may be approvable for organic farming, the trial results are also of value for the development of scab an mildew control strategies for organic fruit growing. As new fungicides are mainly unisite action fungicides, the problem of fungicide resistance development is becoming more important every year. Combining chemical fungicides, which is the best anti-resistance strategy, is not always possible or recommended in the case when the number of available chemical fungicides are limited or a reduction in fungicide use is asked for. Therefore the use of salts as an anti-resistance strategy was looked upon. The salts evaluated were K(HCO3), KH2PO3, KHPO4 and K2SiO3. When using these salts as an anti-resistance strategy the efficacy obtained when spraying the compounds alone was often to low to be used in rotation with chemical fungicides. Only with K(HCO3)2 a good efficacy can be observed in some years. The variation in efficacy with K(HCO3)2 observed is higher for powdery mildew. K(HCO3)2 can be considered as a ideal product for scab control in organic orchards at moments of low infection risk. %0 Conference Paper %A Cuijpers, Ir. W.J.M. %A van der Burgt, Ir. G.J.H.M. %A Voogt, Dr. W. %D 2008 %F orgprints:15862 %K greenhouse, modelling, nitrogen balance %T Nitrogen balances in Dutch organic greenhouse production %U http://orgprints.org/15862/ %X The organic greenhouse production in the Netherlands is limited with regard to the number of growers, but plays an important role in EU organic greenhouse production. In the high-technology greenhouses a high production level is realized but nitrogen balances of this production system have been questioned. In order to document and improve the nitrogen balance, the production of seven greenhouses was monitored and soils were repeatedly analysed. The model “Bemestingsrichtlijn biologische kasteelten” (Fertilization Guide Organic Greenhouse Production) has been developed to simulate nitrogen availability and to fine-tune manure applications to crop demand. In the course of four years the overall nitrogen surpluses decreased sharply, but due to the observational character of the research no statistical analyses can be made. Part of the high surpluses in the first years can be explained by initial investments in soil organic matter. Calculation of the dynamic balance gives more possibilities to fine-tune farmers’ fertilization strategies. Growers that followed the model-based advise for manure application, realized a substantial reduction of nitrogen surpluses. %0 Generic %A Cuijpers, Willemijn %A Hospers-Brands, Monique %D 2008 %F orgprints:13259 %K hulpmeststoffen, additional fertilizers %T Helpmeststoffen: Beschikbaarheid en opname van stikstof in de biologische teelt van zomertarwe %U http://orgprints.org/13259/ %X In 2007 heeft het Louis Bolk Instituut onderzoek gedaan naar de eigenschappen van 12 hulpmeststoffen die gebruikt kunnen worden in de biologische landbouw: verenmeel, vinasse (restproduct uit de verwerking van suikerbieten),protamylasse (restproduct uit de winning van aardappelzetmeel), Maltaflor (restproduct op basis van moutkiemen van gerst en vinasse), ricinusschroot (restproduct uit de winning van wonderolie uit de plant Ricinus communis), luzernebrok, koolzaadschroot, Condit (restproduct op basis van melkwei op een drager van zaagsel en tarwestro, met toevoeging van zeoliet), twee kippenmesten, een digestaat op basis van co-vergisting van rundveemest met energiemaïs en kuilgras, en een digestaat op basis van puur energiemaïs. De meststoffen zijn toegepast in een bemestingsexperiment in zomertarwe (Lavett) op zeeklei met een organische stofgehalte van 4,6%. De tarwe is bemest met een najaarsgift van 10 ton vaste rundermest. De hulpmeststoffen zijn vlak na uitstoeling van de tarwe toegediend, met een gift van gemiddeld 138 kg N/ha. De proef is aangelegd in een compleet gerandomiseerde blokkenproef met 4 herhalingen, na het inzaaien van de tarwe. Elk veld is daarna in tweeën gesplitst, waarbij de helft van het veld met tarwe begroeid was, en de andere helft door branden en schoffelen braak werd gehouden. De weersomstandigheden zijn dit jaar erg extreem geweest, met een zeer droge (12 weken) en warme periode vroeg in het voorjaar. Dit heeft gezorgd voor een slechte kieming en uitstoeling van de tarwe. Daarnaast was de onkruiddruk met het wortelonkruid Akkermelkdistel in het proefveld zeer hoog. De opbrengsten waren laag; variërend van 1,4 ton/ha (koolzaadschroot) tot 3,9 ton/ha (controle zonder hulpmeststoffen). De hoogste opbrengsten in de velden zonder hulpmeststoffen werden ook gevonden in een onafhankelijk experiment met zomertarwe op hetzelfde bedrijf. De veel hogere onkruiddruk in de bemeste percelen kan een mogelijke verklaring geven voor de verschillen in opbrengst. Er zijn significante verschillen gevonden in kwaliteit van de tarwe tussen de verschillende meststoffen, maar door de extreme weersomstandigheden, kunnen hier geen harde conclusies uit getrokken worden. De eiwitgehalten van de tarwe liepen uiteen van 10,4% (controle) tot 14,0% (luzernebrok). Zeleny-sedimentatiewaarden liepen uiteen van 39 (digestaat uit co-vergisting) tot 53 ml (luzenebrok). De valgetallen van de tarwe waren allemaal hoog, tussen 343 (digestaat uit co-vergisting) en 400 (verenmeel). De hectoliter gewichten waren laag, variërend van 69 (vinasse) tot 76 (zowel in de controle als in de behandeling met Condit). Besmettingsniveaus met Fusarium liepen uiteen van 9% (controle) tot 18% (vinasse). Het gehalte aan nitraat in de bodem is op 4 momenten tijdens de teelt bepaald, zowel in de met tarwe begroeide als in de braak percelen. In de met tarwe begroeide veldjes werden de stikstofgehalten, ondanks de hoge giften, bij de laatste twee metingen zo laag, dat er geen significante verschillen tussen de behandelingen waren. In de braak percelen traden wel significante verschillen in nitraat gehalten op tussen de verschillende meststoffen. Hieruit valt af te leiden dat met name uit vinasse, protamylasse en condit, veel stikstof snel beschikbaar komt. Deze worden gevolgd door verenmeel, ricinusschroot en digestaat uit co-vergisting. Voor een meer gestage stikstoflevering door het seizoen lijken met name luzernebrok, koolzaad en Maltaflor geschikt. Daarbij kan de stikstoflevering wellicht versneld worden door inwerken van de korrels, waardoor deze sneller uit elkaar vallen. De kippenmesten en digestaten bevatten net zoals vinasse veel N-mineraal in het product, maar hier kan mogelijk ook veel verloren gaan naar de atmosfeer. Na 6 weken hadden de kippenmesten, digestaten en condit juist de laagste gehaltes aan beschikbaar stikstof in de bodem. Bij protamylasse, digestaat uit co-vergisting, condit en verse kippenmest was na 6 weken bovendien een aanzienlijke hoeveelheid stikstof verdwenen ten opzichte van de controle behandeling. %0 Generic %A Cuijpers, Willemijn %A Janmaat, Leen %A van der Burgt, Geert-Jan %D 2008 %F orgprints:15035 %K bodemkwaliteit, bodemgezondheid,ziektewerendheid, schimmels %T Bodemgezondheid in de biologische kasteelt, Deel 2: ziektewerendheid tegen bodemgebonden schimmels. %U http://orgprints.org/15035/ %X In dit tweede deel van dit literatuuronderzoek naar bodemgezondheid in de biologische glastuinbouw is informatie verzameld over 6 belangrijke schimmelpathogenen die in de biologische vruchtgroententeelt van belang zijn: Fusarium, Phomopsis (zwartwortelrot), Pyrenochaeta (kurkwortel), Pythium, Sclerotinia (rattenkeutelziekte) en Verticillium. Behalve aan het herkennen van de ziekte en de ecol ogie van de pathogenen, is specifiek aandacht besteed aan mogelijkheden die biologisch werkende glastuinders hebben om met teeltmaatregelen de ziekten te bestrijden. Afhankelijk van het soort pathogeen zal de keuze op een andere set maatregelen vallen. • Algemene maatregelen zijn het gebruik van compost of andere organische toevoegingen, en de introductie van wisselgewassen. • Specifiekere maatregelen zijn het introduceren of stimuleren van antagonisten. • Tenslotte zijn er nog maatregelen die als laatste redmiddel een plek hebben in de biologische teelt, zoals solarisatie, biofumigatie of stomen. Ter afsluiting wordt in tabelvorm een samenvattend overzicht gegeven aan de teler met handvatten voor sturing op het gebied van bodemgezondheid. %0 Generic %A Cuijpers, Willemijn %A Smeding, Frans %A van der Burgt, Geert-Jan %D 2008 %F orgprints:15034 %K bodemkwaliteit, bodemgezondheid, ziektewerendheid %T Bodemgezondheid in de biologische kasteelt Deel 1: definitiestudie %U http://orgprints.org/15034/ %X Bodemkwaliteit is een containerbegrip dat biologische, chemische en fysische componenten omvat. Bodemgezondheid is een nauwer begrip dat beschreven kan worden vanuit een ecosysteem benadering. De begrippen stabiliteit en zelfregulatie, vitaliteit, ecologische veerkracht, organisatiegraad en biodiversiteit worden ten opzichte van elkaar gepositioneerd. Ziektewerendheid is een weer nauwere invulling van het begrip bodemkwaliteit en heeft uitsluitend betrekking op het vermogen van gronden om, ondanks de aanwezigheid van pathogenen, de expressie van de pathogeen in het gewas laag te houden. Negen mechanismen waarop de ziektewerendheid gebaseerd kan zijn worden beschreven. Het feitelijk vaststellen (meten) van ziektewerendheid gebeurt in biotoetsen met specifieke plant-pathogeen combinaties. Dat is duur en tijdrovend. Daarom wordt gezocht naar afgeleide indicatoren en parameters. Resultaten uit de literatuur worden gepresenteerd. Uiteindelijk is het van belang of telers de ziektewerendheid daadwerkelijk kunnen sturen door teeltmaatregelen. Vijf (groepen van) teeltmaatregelen worden besproken. In deel 2, ziektewerendheid tegen bodemgebonden schimmels, worden zes schimmelziektes meer gedetailleerd besproken. %0 Generic %A Cuijpers, Willemijn %A van der Burgt, Geert-Jan %D 2008 %F orgprints:14821 %K bedekte teelt, bodem, structuur, wormen, bodemvitaliteit %T Bodemvitaliteit in de biologische kasteelt: Effect van grondbewerking en introductie van regenwormen op de bodemstructuur %U http://orgprints.org/14821/ %X In 2006 en 2007 is in een tweejarig project het effect op de bodemstructuur van grondbewerking, van organische bemesting en van het uitzetten van wormen gemeten. Het ging om een proefopzet met proefstroken zonder herhalingen op een praktijkbedrijf en de uitkomsten zijn alleen indicatief. Door alleen te spitten en niet daarna nog te frezen werd de structuur van het bodemprofiel over het geheel verbeterd, afgemeten aan de parameters indringingsweerstand, waterinfiltratie en bulkdichtheid. De opbrengst nam substantieel toe. Het effect op de structuur was echter tijdelijk van aard: kort na de grondbewerking kon het gemeten worden (april – mei), maar in oktober was een verschil niet meer meetbaar. De vervanging van compost door stalmest, gecombineerd met een halvering van de basisbemesting stikstof uit hulpmeststoffen gaf geen opbrengstreductie terwijl de hoeveelheid toegediende en beschikbare stikstof aanzienlijk verlaagd was. Of dit komt door de verbeterde bodemkwaliteit of door een overmaakt stikstof in de standaard werkwijze kan op basis van deze bevindingen niet uitgemaakt worden. Het uitzetten van grauwe wormen is succesvoller dan het uitzetten van rode wormen. Hierdoor, en gezien het verschil in ecologische functie van die twee typen wormen mag van het uitzetten van rode wormen weinig effect verwacht worden op de bodemstructuur. %0 Conference Paper %A Curto, G. %A Reggian, A. %A Vergnani, S. %A Caruso, S. %A Ladurner, E. %D 2008 %E Boos, Markus %F orgprints:13711 %K Codling moth, Cydia pomonella, biological control, entomopathogenic nematodes, Steinernema. %P 271-276 %T Effectiveness of entomopathogenic nematodes in the control of Cydia pomonella larvae in Northern Italy %U http://orgprints.org/13711/ %X Since 2006, a large scale research on the effectiveness of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) in the control of codling moth (CM), Cydia pomonella, overwintering larvae has been performed on about 35 ha of pear orchards per year in Emilia-Romagna, Northern Italy. Steinernema carpocapsae and Steinernema feltiae activity was checked after spray applications of EPNs to the trunk and branches. In 2006, the treatment was applied either in spring or in autumn at different doses, before CM pupation; in 2007 the EPN treatment was applied only in autumn at 1.5 x 109 I.J. ha –1. Every year it was distributed by means of a conventional mist blower. The larval mortality was assessed directly on sentinel larvae in card boards on the trunks and indirectly on the eggs laid by the females of the first CM generation in spring. Moreover, each year, a trial was performed applying only S. carpocapsae on sentinel larvae with the aim of testing this nematode at suitable temperatures but at different water volumes. The CM sentinel larvae were effectively parasitized after autumnal EPN application. Moreover, the egg assessment demonstrated a good decrease in CM population in spring 2007, when EPNs had been applied at the best weather conditions (t° 12-14 °C and rain) in the previous autumn. %0 Conference Paper %A Dabbert, Prof. Dr. Stephan %A Lippert, Dr. Christian %A Schulz, Ms. Tatjana %A Zorn, Mr. Alexander %D 2008 %F orgprints:12111 %K Organic inspection and certification, transaction costs, organic regulation %T CERTCOST – Economic Analysis of Certification Systems for Organic Food and Farming at EU level %U http://orgprints.org/12111/ %X With the ongoing growth of the organic sector and the spread of organic production across the EU, the field of organic certification has become a maze of competing labels and logos. This diversity reflects the specific conditions in different regions and countries, but can also lead to confusion for producers and consumers, as well as create a variety of costs. It is imperative to conduct a comprehensive economic analysis of the variety of existing certification systems and their impact on the internal European market for organic goods. This project proposes to combine the experience and knowledge of both researchers and SMEs to analyse the implementation of organic certification systems and to estimate all relevant expenditures or transaction costs for different certification systems along the organic food supply chain. Benefits of certification will also be analysed, using data on consumers’ recognition and willingness to pay for different organic logos and trademarks. Finally, recommendations will be drawn for the EU Commission, national competent authorities and private actors in organic food and farming on how to increase effectiveness and efficiency of organic certification. %0 Conference Paper %A Dalgaard, T. %A Kjeldsen, C. %A Kristensen, I.T. %D 2008 %F orgprints:14805 %I Dansk Landbrugsrådgivning & Det Jordbrugsvidenskabelige Fakultet. %P 164-165 %T Hvordan kan økologisk jordbrug være med til at styrke vækst og udvikling i landdistrikterne? %U http://orgprints.org/14805/ %V 1 %X Øget økologisk jordbrug kan, hvis omlægningen designes rigtigt, bidrage til udviklingen i landdistrikterne. Dette belyses med en række eksempler. En kortlægning af økologisk jordbrugs udbredelse i Danmark viser, at de områder, hvor der i dag er meget økologisk jordbrug, i vid udstrækning er sammenfaldende med de områder, hvor der er et særligt behov for udvikling i landdistrikterne. Det er således et vigtigt at belyse, hvorledes den økologiske jordbrugsproduktion bedst tilrettelægges, så den bidrager til landdistriktsudviklingen i disse områder. %0 Generic %A Dalgaard, Tommy %A Kjeldsen, Chris %A Kristensen, Inge T. %A Kristensen, Ib Sillebak %C Foulum %D 2008 %E Alrøe, Hugo Fjelsted %E Halberg, Niels %F orgprints:16263 %I Internationalt Center for Forskning i Økologisk Jordbrug og Fødevaresystemer, ICROFS %P 131-152 %T Potentialet for omlægning til økologisk jordbrug i Danmark %U http://orgprints.org/16263/ %X Potentialet for omlægning til økologisk jordbrug i Danmark. %0 Conference Paper %A Dalgaard, T. %A Hutchings, N. %A Kjeldsen, C. %D 2008 %F orgprints:14806 %I Dansk Landbrugsrådgivning & Det Jordbrugsvidenskabelige Fakultet. %P 288-289 %T Samspillet mellem landbrugets strukturudvikling og naturbeskyttelse i forskellige EU-lande %U http://orgprints.org/14806/ %V 1 %X Strukturudviklingen har vidt forskellige konsekvenser i forskellige dele af EU. I nogle områder ’afvikles’ traditionelt landbrug og giver mulighed for etablering af ’ny natur’. I andre områder intensiveres den konkurrencedygtige landbrugsproduktion. Samtidig indføres miljøforbedrede produktionssystemer, men der er alligevel behov for særlige planlægningstiltag for at give plads til den sårbare natur i disse områder. I denne præsentation gennemgås en række eksempler på, hvordan strukturudviklingen i landbruget kan spille sammen med naturbeskyttelsen. Eksemplerne er hentet fra en række forskellige EU-lande, som DJF har forskningsprojekter sammen med. %0 Generic %A Dan, Clavin %C Oakpark %D 2008 %E Teagasc, %F orgprints:18624 %I Teagasc %P 1-121 %T Teagasc Organic Production Research Conference Proceedings 2008 %U http://orgprints.org/18624/ %X Teagasc (Irish Agriculture and Food Develpoment Authority) conference on organic farming research in Ireland. %0 Generic %A Daniel, C. %A Dierauer, H. %A Schärer, F. %A Ramseier, H. %A Bovigny, C. %A Jossi, W. %A Humphrys, C. %D 2008 %F orgprints:15106 %I FiBL Forschungsinstitut für biologischen Landbau, CH-Frick; BIO SUISSE (Vereinigung Schweizer Biolandbau-Organisationen) %K Planzenschutz: Schädlinge, Nützlinge, Entomologie, Funktionelle Biodiversität, Bioraps %N 6 %P 6-8 %T Colza – La discipline reine des grandes cultures bio %U http://orgprints.org/15106/ %X La culture du colza est risquée mais intéressante: elle permet de réaliser une marge brute aussi élevée qu’avec du blé. Et la demande d’huile de colza pressée à froid est nettement supérieure à l’offre. Les temps sont donc favorables pour ceux qui – bien préparés – désirent s’attaquer à la «discipline reine» des grandes cultures biologiques. Depuis 2005, la surface des cultures biologiques de colza a passé en Suisse de 5 à 150 hectares. Une histoire à succès qui continue: les coopératives Biofarm et PROGANA cherchent de nouveaux producteurs pour couvrir la demande durablement forte d’huile de colza biologique pressée à froid. %0 Generic %A Daniel, C. %A Dierauer, H. %A Schärer, F. %A Ramseier, H. %A Bovigny, C. %A Jossi, W. %A Humphrys, C. %D 2008 %F orgprints:15108 %I FiBL Forschungsinstitut für biologischen Landbau, CH-Frick; BIO SUISSE (Vereinigung Schweizer Biolandbau-Organisationen) %K Pflanzenschutz: Schädlinge, Nützlinge, Entomologie, Funktionelle Biodiversität, Bioraps %N 6 %P 10-12 %T Raps – die Königsdisziplin im Bioackerbau %U http://orgprints.org/15108/ %X Der Rapsanbau ist risikobehaftet, aber durchaus interessant: Es lässt sich ein ähnlich hoher Deckungsbeitrag erwirtschaften wie mit Weizen. Und die Nachfrage nach kalt gepresstem Biorapsöl übersteigt das Angebot deutlich. Gute Zeiten für Einsteigerinnen und Einsteiger die sich – gut vorbereitet – an die «Königsdisziplin» des Bioackerbaus wagen wollen. Die Anbaufläche von Bioraps in der Schweiz konnte seit dem Jahr 2000 von 5 auf 150 Hektaren gesteigert werden. Eine Erfolgsgeschichte mit Fortsetzung: Die Biofarm Genossenschaft sucht weitere Produzenten, um die anhaltend grosse Nachfrage nach kalt gepresstem Biorapsöl zu decken. %0 Conference Paper %A Daniel, C. %A Wyss, E. %D 2008 %E Boos, Markus %F orgprints:13650 %K Rhagoletis cerasi, Biocontrol, Beauveria bassiana, Paecilomyces fumosoroseus %P 87-92 %T Field applications of entomopathogenic fungi against Rhagoletis cerasi %U http://orgprints.org/13650/ %X Two myco-insecticides, Naturalis-L (Beauveria bassiana) and PreFeRal®WG (Paecilomyces fumosoroseus), were applied against adult R. cerasi (Diptera: Tephritidae) in two orchards in north-western Switzerland in summer 2006. Both products were applied at a concentration of 5.75x104 CFU / ml. With four applications at seven day intervals the whole flight period of R. cerasi was fully covered. During this period (5th June – 6th July) the temperature averaged 19.2°C, total precipitation was 60 mm. Under these conditions Naturalis-L significantly reduced the number of damaged fruit (efficacy: 69-74%), whereas damage was not significantly reduced with PreFeRal®WG (efficacy: 27%). Fungus infested flies were found on the yellow sticky traps proving that the myco-insecticides worked as predicted. Climatic conditions were different in 2007: temperature averaged 15.9°C (16th May – 4th July), total precipitation was 281 mm. In 2007 only Naturalis-L was tested: with five applications an efficacy of 73% and 78% was obtained on the cherry varieties Langstieler and Dolleseppler, respectively. However, for the latest ripening and most infested variety Schauenburger only an efficacy of 18% was observed. In these cherries a high number of young larvae were found indicating that the efficacy was low at the end of the treatment period. In conclusion a control of R. cerasi with myco-insecticides seems possible. However, application regime still has to be improved and should not only be adapted to the flight period of R. cerasi, but also to the cherry varieties. %0 Book %A Daniel, Claudia %A Haseli, Andi %B FiBL-Merkblatt %C CH Frick %D 2008 %F orgprints:18027 %I Forschungsinstitut für biologischen Landbau (FiBL) %K Entomologie, Biocontrol, Entomologie Obstbau, Kirschenfliege, %T Kirschenfliege %U http://orgprints.org/18027/ %X Die Kirschfruchtfliege ist der wichtigste Schädling im Süsskirschenanbau. Unbehandelte Bäume können vollständig befallen sein. Der Handel toleriert aber höchstens 2 %. In einem vom Landwirtschaftlichen Zentrum Ebenrain BL unterstützten Forschungsprojekt des FiBL wurden neue Methoden zur Regulierung der Kirschenfliege im Bioanbau erarbeitet, die jetzt kurz vor der Praxiseinführung stehen. Das Merkblatt erklärt die Biologie der Fliege und zeigt die neuen Bekämpfungsmassnahmen. %0 Conference Paper %A DANIEL, Maud %A SIRIEIX, Lucie %A BRICAS, Nicolas %D 2008 %F orgprints:12146 %K Ethical labels, fair trade, organic agriculture, consumers’ representations %T CONSUMERS PERCEPTIONS OF COMBINED “FAIR TRADE” AND “ORGANIC AGRICULTURE” LABELS ON FOOD PRODUCTS %U http://orgprints.org/12146/ %X Responsible, ethical, sustainable, citizen consumptions, those terms refer to new consumption behaviours more and more visible on supermarket shelves, society debates as well as in sociological and marketing research. This study is in the line with previous studies made on ethical consumption in the last ten years. We focused on the question “How do consumers perceive the combined ethical labels and particularly, the accumulation of « organic agriculture » and « fair trade » labels on the same product?” A qualitative survey, combining interviews and focus groups, showed the high diversity of representations and the interactions linked to those two concepts and their combinations for the consumers. If those two labels are used by food chain stakeholders as complementary, they have been differently perceived by consumers: more, some consumers perceived some contradictions between them. We can distinguish six different profiles of consumers on the basis of perceived specific interactions: from the total synergy to the contradiction between “organic agriculture “and “fair trade”. %0 Generic %A Daniel, Claudia %D 2008 %F orgprints:20495 %K Meligethes aeneus %T Versuchsbericht Raps 2008 %U http://orgprints.org/20495/ %X Obwohl der Flug der Rapsglanzkäfer im Jahr 2008 schon im Februar einsetzte, blieben die Käfer an den meisten Standorten unter der Schadschwelle. Die kühle Witterung bis Ende April bremste die Aktivität der Käfer. Ende April waren bereits die ersten Rapsblüten geöffnet, sodass die Rapsglanzkäfer kaum noch Schäden verursachen konnten. Zu kritischen Situationen kam es in nur warmen Lagen mit schwerem, kühlen Boden (Fricktal): Die warmen Temperaturen sorgten für eine starke Käferaktivität, während die kühlen Böden das Pflanzenwachstum und die Blütenentwicklung bremsten. %0 Generic %A Daniel, Claudia %A Keller, Siegfried %A Wyss, Eric %D 2008 %F orgprints:20266 %K Diptera, Tephritidae, Rhagoletis cerasi, biocontrol, entomopathogenic fungi, Paecilomyces fumosoroseus, Beauveria bassiana. %P 265-268 %T Einatz entomopathogener Pilze gegen die Kirschfruchtfliege Rhagoletis cerasi – Erste Feldresultate %U http://orgprints.org/20266/ %V 16 %X Field efficacy of entomopathogenic fungi to control Rhagoletis cerasi. Two myco-insecticides, Naturalis-L (Beauveria bassiana) and PreFeRal®WG (Paecilomyces fumosoroseus), were applied against adult R. cerasi Loew (Diptera: Tephritidae) in two orchards in north-western Switzerland in summer 2006. Both products were able to cause mycosis on adult flies under field conditions. However, only Naturalis-L significantly reduced the number of damaged fruits (efficacy: 69-74%), whereas damaged fruits were not significantly reduced with PreFeRal (efficacy: 27%). For B. bassiana living fungal propagules were still detectable seven days after application while the fungal propagules of P. fumosoroseus remained only three days. A control of R. cerasi with myco-insecticides seems possible under field conditions; however, the application regime still has to be improved. %0 Generic %A Daniel, Claudia %A Keller, Siegfried %A Wyss, Eric %D 2008 %F orgprints:20265 %K Rhagoletis cerasi, Beauveria bassiana, Paecilomyces fumosoroseus. %P 191-194 %T Field applications of entomopathogenic fungi against Rhagoletis cerasi %U http://orgprints.org/20265/ %V 31 %X Two myco-insecticides, Naturalis-L (Beauveria bassiana) and PreFeRal®WG (Paecilomyces fumosoroseus), were applied against adult R. cerasi Loew (Diptera: Tephritidae) in two orchards in north-western Switzerland in summer 2006. Both products were applied at a concentration of 5.75x104 CFU/ml. With four applications at seven day intervals the whole flight period of R. cerasi was fully covered. During this period the relative humidity averaged 66.3% (5th June – 6th July), the temperature averaged 20.5°C. Under these conditions only Naturalis-L significantly reduced the number of damaged fruit (efficacy: 69-74%), whereas damaged fruits were not significantly reduced with PreFeRal (efficacy: 27%). For B. bassiana living fungal propagules were still detectable seven days after application, while the fungal propagules of P. fumosoroseus remained only three days. A control of R. cerasi with myco-insecticides seems possible under field conditions. However, application regime still has to be improved. %0 Generic %A Daniel, Claudia %A Keller, Siegfried %A Wyss, Eric %D 2008 %E Ehlers, Ralf-Udo %E Enkerli, Jürg %E Glazer, Itamar %E Lopez-Ferber, Miguel %E Tkaczuk, Cezary %F orgprints:20264 %K Rhagoletis cerasi, Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium, anisopliae, Paecilomyces, fumosoroseus, Paecilomyces farinosus, Pflanzenschutz und Biodiversität, Entomologie Obstbau, Regulierung der Kirschfruchtfliege %P 228-233 %T Susceptibility of Rhagoletis cerasi to entomopathogenic fungi %U http://orgprints.org/20264/ %V 31 %X The effects of six fungus strains (Deuteromycotina: Hyphomycetes) on the mortality of different life stages of the European cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis cerasi Loew (Diptera: Tephritidae), were assessed in a series of laboratory experiments. All fungus strains were able to cause mycosis to larvae and adults of R. cerasi. However, virulence varied considerably among the strains. Effects on L3-larvae were negligible. In contrary, adults were highly susceptible to fungus infection. Beauveria bassiana and Paecilomyces fumosoroseus caused 90 to 100% mortality and had a strong influence on fecundity. Metarhizium anisopliae also showed reliable effects. The pathogenicity of Paecilomyces farinosus was low. Higher conidia concentrations lead to higher mortality, whereas B. bassiana was most efficient at low concentrations. Young flies showed lower mortality rates than older flies but, sub-lethal effects on eclosion rate off eggs were greater in young than in older flies. %0 Generic %A Daniel, Claudia %A Keller, Siegfried %A Wyss, Eric %D 2008 %F orgprints:20268 %K Diptera, Tephritidae, Rhagoletis cerasi, Biocontrol, entomopathogenic fungi, Paecilomyces fumosoroseus, Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, Paecilomyces farinosus %P 313-317 %T Wirkung entomopathogener Pilze gegen die Kirschfruchtfliege Rhagoletis cerasi. %U http://orgprints.org/20268/ %V 16 %X Susceptibility of different life stages of Rhagoletis cerasi to entomopathogenic fungi. The effects of six fungus strains (Deuteromycotina: Hyphomycetes) on the mortality of different life stages of the European cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis cerasi Loew (Diptera: Tephritidae), were assessed in a series of laboratory experiments. All fungus strains caused mycoses in larvae and adults of R. cerasi. Virulence however varied considerably between the strains. Effects on L3-larvae were negligible; none of the fungus strains caused mortalities of more than 25% of larvae. Adults by contrast were highly susceptible to fungal infection. Beauveria bassiana and Paecilomyces fumosoroseus caused 90 to 100% mortality and had a strong influence on fecundity. Metarhizium anisopliae also showed reliable effects. The pathogenicity of Paecilomyces farinosus was low. Higher conidia concentrations lead to higher mortality, whereas B. bassiana was most efficient at low concentrations. Young flies showed lower mortality rates than older flies but, sub-lethal effects on eclosion rate of eggs were greater in young than in older flies. %0 Conference Paper %A Danielsson, Hanna %A Nadeau, Elisabet %A Gustavsson, Anne-Maj %A Jensen, Søren K. %A Soegaard, Karen %A Nilsdotter-Linde, Nilla %D 2008 %F orgprints:19768 %P 432-434 %T Contents of α-tocopherol and β-carotene in grasses and legumes harvested at different maturities %U http://orgprints.org/19768/ %V 13 %X Concentrations of α-tocopherol and β-carotene in forage species at various maturities were studied in Scandinavia. Red clover (RC)/timothy (TI), RC/meadow fescue (MF), and birdsfoot trefoil (BT)/TI mixtures were grown in Skara and Umeå, Sweden. RC/TI,RC/perennial ryegrass (PR), white clover/PR and BT/TI were grown in Foulum, Denmark. Forages in Sweden were cut one week before heading (BH), at heading and one week after heading of TI. The regrowth was cut six and eight weeks after each harvest in the spring growth cycle. In Denmark, one first harvest and three regrowths were taken. Results from Skara and Foulum are presented. Highest concentrations of α-tocopherol and β-carotene (mg kg-1 DM) in legumes were found in BT grown in Skara (49.8 and 69.6 in spring growth cycle,48.1 and 79.8 in regrowth) and in Foulum (81.3 and 89.2). MF had more α-tocopherol and β-carotene than TI in the spring growth cycle (73.5 and 54.2 vs. 46.9 and 43.0 mg kg-1 DM). Highest concentrations of vitamins in the regrowth were found six weeks after BH with 71.8 and 104.8 mg α-tocopherol and 99.6 and 73.1 mg β-carotene kg-1 DM in legumes and grasses,respectively. %0 Conference Paper %A Dapena de la Fuente, Enrique %A Fernández-Ceballos, Alfonso %D 2008 %E Boos, Markus %F orgprints:13740 %K apple, thinning, potassic soap, calcium polysulfide. %P 319-323 %T Thinning of Organic Apple Production with Potassic Soap and Calcium Polysulfide at the North of Spain. %U http://orgprints.org/13740/ %X Asturias, in the North West coast of Spain, is a region with old tradition at cultivation of apple and its transformation to cider. The production of apple is mainly done under traditional uses and semi-extensive or semi-intensive system and with local cultivars. Thinning strategy is little practiced and the biennial bearing cycle is one of the main problems for the farmers. The production of apple under organic techniques in Asturias is still limited but increasing. Since 2005, experiments have been conducted on several cultivars (‘Raxao’, ‘Xuanina’ and ‘Gold-Rush’) to evaluate the effects of Potassic Soap (with or without olive oil) and Calcium Polysulfide as thinning products. We present here the first promising results of these experiments. With different concentrations of both products we have increased the apple production of two cultivars for the period 2006- 2007. There were positive effects on the vegetative growth of the trees and on the quality of apples. In the spring 2007 we initiated new experiments with other cultivars (‘Durona de Tresali’, ‘Solarina’, ‘Raxao’, ‘Regona’) in order to confirm our results. The new experiments also include the comparison of their effects with those of commonly used chemical products and with those of manual thinning techniques. %0 Conference Paper %A Darlong, Vincent %D 2008 %F orgprints:12554 %K Shifting cultivation, jhum, PGS, Northeast India %T Harmonizing Jhum (Shifting Cultivation) with PGS Organic Standards in Northeast India: Key features and characteristics of Jhum for process harmonization %U http://orgprints.org/12554/ %X Shifting cultivation, known as ‘jhum’ in Northeast India is widely distributed upland slash and burn agricultural system. Efforts to address jhum remained challenging tasks, more so due to its shortening cycle but continued livelihoods dependency for a large population of upland communities. With organic foods gaining popularity, harmonizing jhum with Participatory Guarantee System (PGS) organic standards may provide enhanced opportunities for improved livelihoods and environmental security in Northeast India. The paper explores these opportunities and focuses on the features and characteristics of jhum that would require in meeting the PGS organic standards. %0 Generic %A Darnhofer, Ika %A Zollitsch, Werner %A Bartel-Kratochvil, Ruth %A Lindenthal, Thomas %C Wien %D 2008 %F orgprints:16655 %N 11/2008 %P 22-23 %T Droht dem Biolandbau die Konventionalisierung? %U http://orgprints.org/16655/ %X Wenn Biobauern bei auftretenden Problemen vermehrt auf konventionelle Lösungsansätze zurückgreifen, könnte der Biolandbau seine eigenständige Identität und so die Unterstützung der Konsumenten und der Politik verlieren... %0 Conference Paper %A Darolt, Dr. Moacir Roberto %A Constanty, Hadrien %D 2008 %F orgprints:11771 %K Organic consumers, network organic farmer, consumers organization %T Producers and Consumers Relationship Strategies in the Organic Market in Brazil %U http://orgprints.org/11771/ %X The paper deals with marketing strategies in different sales channels and organic producers and consumers relationship. The empirical study was conducted on 41 organic horticultural farms in 16 municipalities within the Curitiba Metropolitan Area, Paraná, Brazil. Two types of farmers were identified: 1-Rural, with origins and life trajectories in the rural area and 2-Neorural, with urban area background having migrated to the rural milieu. Farmers who sell directly to consumers use more than 3 marketing channels, their production systems are diversified (+ than 20 products), management is complex and the farm is versatile (inn, restaurant, pick-and-pay, rural tourism) and producer/consumer relationship is bigger. Integrated farmers (indirect sales) have only one sales channel. Farmers follow production plans from the buying companies and the output is marketed through supermarket chains. Farming systems are simple (- than 5 products) and relationship with consumers is insignificant. Events such as visit to organic farms, advanced buying, producer/consumer direct credit and organic farming courses or field days, have strengthened producer/consumer relationship and provided consumer support to an organic farms network. %0 Conference Paper %A Daugbjerg, Carsten %A Halpin, Darren %D 2008 %F orgprints:13951 %K interest groups, UK, Denmark, policy %T Governing growth in organic farming: The evolving capacities of organic groups in the United Kingdom and Denmark %U http://orgprints.org/13951/ %X The question of the ‘policy capacity’ of interest groups is increasingly gaining prominence as a key variable in governing and transformative capacities. This raises the issue of whether group policy capacities can be developed. While group scholars have long talked of group capacity, this has largely amounted to compiling a ‘shopping list’ of possible capacities general to all groups. There has not been much attention to variations in capacity among groups, or with the development of capacity by a single group over time. This paper takes a tentative step towards filling this gap. In pursuing this general line of inquiry we argue that (i) initial ‘selection’ of group type shapes scope of capacity development, (ii) groups seek to adapt capacity to changing policy contexts, and (iii) adaptive efforts are shaped by the ‘legacy’ of the originating type – change is bounded unless the group engages in ‘radical’ organisational changes (e.g. redefinition of entire purpose). This general argument is fleshed out by comparing and contrasting the evolution of the key organic interest groups in both the UK and Denmark. %0 Generic %A Daugbjerg, Carsten %A Halpin, Darren %D 2008 %F orgprints:16161 %K policy %N 4 %T Sharpening Up Research on Organics: Why We Need to Integrate Sectoral Policy Research into Mainstream Policy Analysis %U http://orgprints.org/16161/ %V 29 %X As a fast growing state sponsored industry, the organic food sector is likely to attract the increased attention of policy analysts who are interested in industry development. We critically review the European comparative research on growth in the organic sector, focusing on policy analysis. A common element in these accounts is that findings are by no means clear on why variation in organic growth between countries exists. The literature provides a range of possible variables explaining divergent patterns of organic sector development but solid conclusions are elusive. We suggest that future policy orientated research on organic sector apply existing theories on public policy and carefully design studies in accordance with the prescriptions of the comparative research method. This would enable policy researchers to reach more robust conclusions on policy relevant factors influencing growth of the organic sector than are currently found in the literature. %0 Generic %A Daugbjerg, Carsten %A Sønderskov, Kim Mannemar %D 2008 %F orgprints:16160 %N 420 %T Kendskab til økologi er højt %U http://orgprints.org/16160/ %X Spørgeskemaundersøgelse i fire lande viser, at forbrugere har et overraskende godt kendskab til økologi. %0 Conference Paper %A Daugbjerg, Carsten %A Tranter, Richard %A Holloway, Garth %D 2008 %F orgprints:13954 %K organic farming, policy %T Organic farming policies and the growth of the organic sector in Denmark and the UK: a comparative analysis %U http://orgprints.org/13954/ %X There has been little systematic analysis of the extent to which organic farming policies have influenced growth in the organic sector. Analyses of organic farming policy instruments, for the most part, provide extensive and detailed reviews of instruments applied either in a single country or across countries. Hence, there is a great need to examine systematically whether there is a relationship between the introduction of organic farming policies and the growth of the organic food sector, and whether particular designs of organic farming policies are more effective than others. In this paper, we take the first step in the endeavour of analysing the effects of organic farming by undertaking an econometric analysis of the relationship between organic farming policies in Denmark and the UK and their effects on the number of farmers and growers converting to organic production. %0 Generic %A Daugbjerg, Carsten %A Halpin, Darren %D 2008 %F orgprints:13955 %K policy %N 4 %P 393-404 %T Sharpening Up Research on Organics: Why We Need to Integrate Sectoral Policy Research into Mainstream Policy Analysis %U http://orgprints.org/13955/ %V 29 %X As a fast growing state sponsored industry, the organic food sector is likely to attract the increased attention of policy analysts who are interested in industry development. We critically review the European comparative research on growth in the organic sector, focusing on policy analysis. A common element in these accounts is that findings are by no means clear on why variation in organic growth between countries exists. The literature provides a range of possible variables explaining divergent patterns of organic sector development but solid conclusions are elusive. We suggest that future policy orientated research on organic sector apply existing theories on public policy and carefully design studies in accordance with the prescriptions of the comparative research method. This would enable policy researchers to reach more robust conclusions on policy relevant factors influencing growth of the organic sector than are currently found in the literature. %0 Generic %A David, Christophe %A Joud, Stéphane %D 2008 %F orgprints:19481 %P 21-25 %T État des lieux de la collecte du blé biologique panifiable en France %U http://orgprints.org/19481/ %V 159 %X The collect sector of the organic winter wheat is in deep evolution following a widening of the outlets, on arrival of new operators resulting from the conventional sector and with a strong fluctuation in prices. The technological quality of organic wheat is predicted, in a restrictive way, from the protein content of the grains. The requirements of food safety and traceability lead to an increase in controls, beyond the constraints of certification. The consolidation of the wheat-flour-bread chain in France induces (I) a reinforcement of the partnerships amongst the actors, (II) the definition of new criteria to assess the quality adapted to organic production but also, (III) new investments from collectors to guarantee technological quality and safety requirement. %0 Conference Paper %A Dawson, J.C. %A Murphy, K.M. %A Jones, S.S. %D 2008 %F orgprints:12053 %K nitrogen use efficiency, plant breeding, winter wheat, dryland systems %T Breeding for nitrogen use efficiency in organic wheat systems %U http://orgprints.org/12053/ %X Improving crop nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) is important to reducing the environmental impacts of agriculture, for both perennial and annual crops. This study tested winter wheat breeding lines developed in organic and conventional systems, historic wheat varieties and perennial wheat under organic management. There were significant differences among selection categories and among genotypes. However, standard methods of measuring NUE may not be appropriate when the breeding objectives are to reduce N use. Alternative methods of evaluating breeding materials, including regression analysis of grain protein deviation (GPD) and principal component analysis (PCA) were explored. GPD was not found to discriminate well between genotypes in this study, but PCA showed promise in examining the relationship among measured variables and among genotypes. %0 Conference Paper %A de Wit, Jan %A de Vries, Anneke %D 2008 %F orgprints:11663 %K omega-3, CLA, grass pellets, roughage quality %T Feed composition and strategies to improve poly-unsaturated fatty acid levels in organic cow milk %U http://orgprints.org/11663/ %X Like in various other countries, organic milk in the Netherlands has higher levels of poly-unsaturated fatty acids, particularly CLA and omega-3, than conventional milk. Monitoring results from a total of 25 farms between 2004 till 2007 are presented. Regression analysis indicates a negative effect of maize silage and positive effects of feeding fresh grass, grass pellets, red clover and addition of oil on CLA levels in milk fat. Results with omega-3 are similar, but omega-3 levels in milk fat seem less related to feed characteristics: the model with feed composition, seasonal effects and farm effects as major parameters, explains a smaller part of the variation, while farm influence is much larger with omega-3 compared to CLA. Farm influence might be caused by genetic differences and constant factors influencing roughage quality. Genetic influences are likely but could not be investigated as milk samples were not taken from individual cows. The influence of grass quality is suggested by the large effect of sampling date found in this study. Moreover, some high residual values and statistical estimates for individual farms seem often related to silage quality, botanically rich pastures and red clover feeding. %0 Generic %A Deittert, Christine %A Müller-Lindenlauf, Maria %A Athmann, Miriam %A Köpke, Ulrich %D 2008 %F orgprints:13567 %K BÖL, BOEL, FKZ 03OE414, Milch, Kraftfutter, Betriebszweigergebnis, Umweltwirkung, Szenarien, milk, concentrates, scenarios, LCA, economic return %T Ökobilanz und Wirtschaftlichkeit ökologisch wirtschaftender Milchviehbetriebe mit unterschiedlicher Fütterungsintensität und Produktionsstruktur %U http://orgprints.org/13567/ %X Ziel des Projekts war die Analyse von Umweltwirkungen und Wirtschaftlichkeit unterschiedlicher Typen von ökologisch wirtschaftenden Milchviehbetrieben in Deutschland. Im Vordergrund standen dabei die Auswirkungen unterschiedlicher Fütterungsintensität. Es wurden sechs modellhafte Betriebstypen formuliert, um die Bandbreite der Produktionssysteme innerhalb der ökologisch wirtschaftenden Milchviehbetriebe in Deutschland abzubilden. Die Modelle basieren auf einer Praxiserhebung von 39 Betrieben über 5 Wirtschaftsjahre und wurden aus Klassen von Betrieben auf vergleichbaren Standorten und mit ähnlicher Fütterungsintensität abgeleitet. Intensive Fütterung wirkt sich in der Umweltwirkungskategorie Treibhauseffekt positiv aus, auf Ackerbaustandorten auch im Bereich Energieverbrauch. Risiken bestehen bezüglich der regionalen und lokalen Umweltwirkungskategorien. Auf Ackerbaustandorten ist intensive Fütterung in ökologisch vertretbarer Weise möglich, wenn das erhebliche Stickstoff-Emissionsrisiko minimiert werden kann. Auf Grünlandstandorten ist extensivere Produktion aus ökologischer Sicht vorzuziehen. Maßgeblich ist der Kraftfutterimport je Flächeneinheit, der etwa 11 dt TM/ha nicht überschreiten sollte. Intensiv fütternde Betriebe sind zugleich größer und produzieren zu geringeren Stückkosten, könnten aber durch Erhöhung des Weideanteils in der Ration sowie eine Verbesserung der Kraftfuttereffizienz ökologisches wie ökonomisches Potential aktivieren. Extensiv fütternde Betriebe haben ihre ökologischen Stärken vor allem im biotischen Bereich. In der Umweltwirkungskategorie Treibhauseffekt sind sie, insbesondere wenn energieintensive Verfahren zur Grundfuttertrocknung eingesetzt werden, jedoch kritisch zu bewerten. Die Stückkosten der Milchproduktion sind bei diesen Betriebstypen, vor allem bei kleineren, vielfältig strukturierten Betrieben auf Ackerbaustandorten, sehr hoch. Derartige Betriebe sind nur dann langfristig existenzfähig, wenn die Mehrkosten durch entsprechende Vermarktungsmöglichkeiten wie z.B. Direktvermarktung oder Zuschläge für Silagefreie Fütterung bestehen, oder durch Umverteilung öffentlicher Direktzahlungen kompensiert werden können. Optimierungspotential bei diesen Betriebstypen besteht in der Kontrolle der Grundfutterqualität und in der Arbeitswirtschaft. %0 Conference Paper %A Delate, Dr. Kathleen %A Cambardella, Dr. Cindy %A Chase, Dr. Craig %A Turnbull, Robert %D 2008 %F orgprints:12441 %K Crop rotations, soil quality, corn, soybean, economics %T Beneficial System Outcomes in Organic Fields at the Long-Term Agroecological Research (LTAR) Site, Greenfield, Iowa, USA %U http://orgprints.org/12441/ %X In 1997, Iowa State University established the first U.S. Land Grant University permanent faculty position in organic agriculture to assist farmers in the rapid expansion of organic production in that state. Research agendas, developed in consultation with organic farmers and processors, led to the establishment of the Neely-Kinyon Long-Term Agroecological Research (LTAR) site in Greenfield, Iowa, in 1998 to study the long-term effects of organic production in terms of yield and economic performance, in addition to other system effects. Over nine years of comparison, there was no significant difference in corn or soybean yields in the organic and conventional systems. Organic corn yields in the longest rotation (C-S-O/A-A) over a 9–yr period were 9914 kg/ha compared to 10113 kg/ha in the conventional system and organic soybeans in the same rotation yielded 3043 kg/ha while conventional yields averaged 2906 kg/ha. Soil quality remains high in the organic system, with soil organic carbon and mineralizable nitrogen greater in the organic rotations relative to conventional, demonstrating greater C sequestration potential and N-use efficiency in the organic system. Over nine years, revenues generated from organic corn crops increased average revenues by a factor of 1.67 over conventional corn, while organic soybean revenues were 2.32 times greater than conventional soybean revenues. %0 Generic %A Denver, Sigrid %D 2008 %F orgprints:15152 %I Økologisk Landsforening %T Ø-mærket skaber høj forventning %U http://orgprints.org/15152/ %V 402 %X Forbrugere tillægger den økologiske produktion egenskaber, der ikke indgår i Ø-mærket. %0 Conference Paper %A Di Marco, S. %A Osti, F. %D 2008 %F orgprints:12134 %K Trichoderma, root development, disease, organic nursery %T Effects of Trichoderma applications on vines grown in organic nursery %U http://orgprints.org/12134/ %X A two-year trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of applications of commercial formulations of the fungus Trichoderma on graftlings of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) in a commercial nursery where plants were grown under organic management. Treatments were carried out at callusing, rooting and callusing+rooting. Effects on the host-plant morpho-physiological characteristics were observed and depended on the type and timing of Trichoderma application. Treatment at rooting was the most effective whilst application at callusing and combination of treatments gave controversial results. The most noticeable effect of application of Trichoderma was an increase of quantitative-qualitative characteristics of the root system, with a consistent development of root hairs. Compared to untreated plants the percentage of certifiable plants treated at rooting was higher. %0 Book %A Dierauer, Hansueli %B FiBL-Merkblatt %C CH-Frick %D 2008 %E Forschungsinstitut für biologischen Landbau, (FiBL) %F orgprints:18033 %I Forschungsinstitut für biologischen Landbau (FiBL) %K Biomais, Beratung und Bildung, Sortenwahl %T Biomais %U http://orgprints.org/18033/ %X Merkblatt über den Biomaisanbau mit Hinweisen zu Anbauansprüchen, Sortenwahl, Aussaat und Pflege bis hin zur Ernte. %0 Generic %A Dietze, Klaas %A Werner, Christina %A Sundrum, Albert %D 2008 %F orgprints:13816 %K BÖL, BOEL, FKZ 05OE019, ökologische Schweinehaltung, Tiergesundheit, Gesundheitsmanagement, Tiergesundheitspläne (TGP), Ferkelerzeugung, Sauenhaltung, CCP-Konzept %T Umsetzung eines Tiergesundheitsplanes unter Berücksichtigung sozio-ökonomischer Gesichtspunkte auf ökologisch wirtschaftenden Ferkelerzeugerbetrieben %U http://orgprints.org/13816/ %X Ziel der vorliegenden Untersuchung war es, den Status quo bezüglich der Tiergesundheit auf ökologisch wirtschaftenden Ferkelerzeugerbetrieben zu ermitteln. Darauf aufbauend sollten betriebsindividuelle Tiergesundheitspläne (TGP) erarbeitet werden. Deren Umsetzung wurde über 1 Jahr begleitet. Die Status quo-Analyse auf 17 Betrieben anhand eines modifizierten CCP-Konzeptes ergab: Lediglich 12 der 17 Betriebe verfügten über eine Auswertung von gesetzlich vorgeschriebenen Produktionsdaten. 10 der 17 Betriebe benötigten eine Ausnahmegenehmigung, da insbesondere Ausläufe häufig fehlten. Qualität und Intervall von R & D-Maßnahmen variierten erheblich zwischen den Betrieben. 16 Betriebe führten eine regelmäßige Entwurmung ihrer Tierbestände - jedoch ohne Effektivitätskontrolle - durch. Futteranalysen ergaben v.a. bei den laktierenden Sauen keine bedarfsdeckende Zusammenstellung der Rationen. Der aus diesen Ergebnissen hervorgehende betriebsindividuelle TGP bestand aus kurz-, mittel- und langfristig umzusetzenden Maßnahmen. Zu Projektende hatte lediglich die Hälfte der Betriebe mehr als 50% der kurzfristigen Maßnahmen aus dem Tiergesundheitsplan umgesetzt. 14 Betriebe konnten sich in den o.g. Managementbereichen zumindest partiell verbessern. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass für das Gesundheitsmanagement auf vielen Betrieben erheblicher Optimierungsbedarf besteht. Der TGP hat sich als nützliches Instrument erwiesen, um Problemfelder zu identifizieren und Optimierungsstrategien zu entwickeln. Die derzeitigen Defizite bezüglich der Tiergesundheit erscheinen jedoch allein anhand von Beratungsangeboten nicht verbesserungsfähig. Es wird geschlussfolgert, dass sich der Gesundheitsstatus in den ökologischen Sauenbeständen ohne die Vorgabe von tiergesundheitlichen Zielgrößen nicht markant verbessern wird. %0 Generic %A Dietze, Klaas %A Werner, Christina %A Sundrum, Albert %D 2008 %F orgprints:13591 %K BÖL, BOEL, FKZ 05OE019, ökologische Schweinehaltung, Tiergesundheit, Gesundheitsmanagement, Tiergesundheitspläne (TGP), Ferkelerzeugung, Sauenhaltung, CCP-Konzept %T Umsetzung eines Tiergesundheitsplanes unter Berücksichtigung sozio-ökonomischer Gesichtspunkte auf ökologisch wirtschaftenden Ferkelerzeugerbetrieben %U http://orgprints.org/13591/ %X Ziel der vorliegenden Untersuchung war es, den Status quo bezüglich der Tiergesundheit auf ökologisch wirtschaftenden Ferkelerzeugerbetrieben zu ermitteln. Darauf aufbauend sollten betriebsindividuelle Tiergesundheitspläne (TGP) erarbeitet werden. Deren Umsetzung wurde über 1 Jahr begleitet. Die Status quo-Analyse auf 17 Betrieben anhand eines modifizierten CCP-Konzeptes ergab: Lediglich 12 der 17 Betriebe verfügten über eine Auswertung von gesetzlich vorgeschriebenen Produktionsdaten. 10 der 17 Betriebe benötigten eine Ausnahmegenehmigung, da insbesondere Ausläufe häufig fehlten. Qualität und Intervall von R & D-Maßnahmen variierten erheblich zwischen den Betrieben. 16 Betriebe führten eine regelmäßige Entwurmung ihrer Tierbestände - jedoch ohne Effektivitätskontrolle - durch. Futteranalysen ergaben v.a. bei den laktierenden Sauen keine bedarfsdeckende Zusammenstellung der Rationen. Der aus diesen Ergebnissen hervorgehende betriebsindividuelle TGP bestand aus kurz-, mittel- und langfristig umzusetzenden Maßnahmen. Zu Projektende hatte lediglich die Hälfte der Betriebe mehr als 50% der kurzfristigen Maßnahmen aus dem Tiergesundheitsplan umgesetzt. 14 Betriebe konnten sich in den o.g. Managementbereichen zumindest partiell verbessern. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass für das Gesundheitsmanagement auf vielen Betrieben erheblicher Optimierungsbedarf besteht. Der TGP hat sich als nützliches Instrument erwiesen, um Problemfelder zu identifizieren und Optimierungsstrategien zu entwickeln. Die derzeitigen Defizite bezüglich der Tiergesundheit erscheinen jedoch allein anhand von Beratungsangeboten nicht verbesserungsfähig. Es wird geschlussfolgert, dass sich der Gesundheitsstatus in den ökologischen Sauenbeständen ohne die Vorgabe von tiergesundheitlichen Zielgrößen nicht markant verbessern wird. %0 Generic %A Dinnage, Gerard %D 2008 %F orgprints:13562 %K Poultry, rations, nutrition, feeding, laying hen, broiler, turkey %T Organic Poultry Nutrition and Rations %U http://orgprints.org/13562/ %X The scope of the review is to consider recent sources of information relating to the feeding of organic laying hens, broilers and turkeys. In particular it reviews all the research commissioned by Defra together with other UK and European work and collates the results of that work in the light of commercial experience, providing advisers with a summary of the key recommendations. The study will in particular focus on determining the suitability and availability of organic ingredients and the ways in which farmers can make the best use of these. Best practice i.e. the use of 100% organic ingredients should be at the forefront of all feed formulation. The main problem faced by producers is the sourcing of organic ingredients that provide adequate levels of essential amino acids (AA) such as methionine and lysine without introducing higher levels of anti-nutritional factors (ANF) into the diet. For these reasons many diets are formulated using the non-organic allowance i.e. 15% annual dry mater intake can be approved nonorganic ingredients, permitted until 31st December 2007. After that date the level falls to 10% then 5% two years later and finally 100% organic from 1st January 2012. Genotype, the birds’ ability to utilise naturally occurring ingredients and factors governing the use of range will be reviewed. The review will indicate the ways in which farmers can optimise performance taking into account the types of bird available, the feed that can be provided on the farm and the management of the range. There will be some consideration of the cost of feed and the ways in which this may change. %0 Generic %A Dinnage, Gerard %D 2008 %F orgprints:5976 %K Animo acids, wheat, soya, diet formulation, non-organic allowance %T Organic Poultry Nutrition and Rations %U http://orgprints.org/5976/ %X The scope of the review is to consider recent sources of information relating to the feeding of organic laying hens, broilers and turkeys. In particular, it reviews all the research commissioned by Defra together with other UK and European work and collates the results of that work in the light of commercial experience, providing advisers with a summary of the key recommendations. The study focuses on determining the suitability and availability of organic ingredients and the ways in which farmers can make the best use of these. Best practice i.e. the use of 100% organic ingredients should be at the forefront of all feed formulation. The main problem faced by producers is the sourcing of organic ingredients that provide adequate levels of essential amino acids (AA) such as methionine and lysine without introducing higher levels of anti-nutritional factors (ANF) into the diet. For these reasons many diets are formulated using the non-organic allowance i.e. 15% annual dry mater intake can be approved non-organic ingredients, permitted until 31st December 2007. After that date the level falls to 10% then 5% two years later and finally 100% organic from 1st January 2012. Genotype, the birds’ ability to utilise naturally occurring ingredients and factors governing the use of range are reviewed. The review indicates ways in which farmers can optimise performance taking into account the types of bird available, the feed that can be provided on the farm and the management of the range. There will be some consideration of the cost of feed and the ways in which this may change. %0 Conference Paper %A Dippel, Sabine %A Leeb, Christine %A Hagmüller, Werner %A Winckler, Christoph %D 2008 %F orgprints:18700 %K CORE Organic, CorePig, Tiergesundheit, Bioschweinebetriebe, HACCP %T CorePig - Prävention ausgewählter Erkrankungen und Parasiten in biologischen Schweinebetrieben durch ein HACCP basiertes Management- und Überwachungssystem %U http://orgprints.org/18700/ %X The overall objective of the project CorePig is to promote animal health and welfare in organic pig herds in Europe. The variation in pig health between organic herds is likely to be caused by different management routines in the herds. To improve animal welfare it is therefore important to investigate the correlation between management and parasite/disease occurrence, and based on this, to develop a disease management tool applicable on farm. This will be achieved by carrying out the following three components: • To conduct an international knowledge synthesis for identifying needs for future research into disease and parasite prevention in organic pig production • To estimate risk factors for selected diseases and parasites in pigs in European organic herds by conducting an epidemiological survey in European organic pig herds. • To develop and evaluate a HACCP based management and surveillance system for organic pig herds that will enable the organic pig farmer to prevent selected pig diseases and welfare problems by monitoring and controlling the risk factors The results obtained in this study will benefit animal health and welfare of pigs in organic production systems, as well as the productivity in these herds. Knowledge of risk factors for disease in organic pigs will facilitate efforts to improve animal health in organic pig production, and organic pig producers will benefit from improved animal welfare on-farm by applying an efficient and feasible disease management tool. This will assist in promoting more sustainable farming systems and supporting the rural economy with special relevance to small farmers. The expected improvement in animal welfare in organic pig production is expected to enhance consumer interest in organic pork, and consequently lead to an increased market share of organic meat for the benefit of the economy in organic pig production. Furthermore, the project aims to identify relevant research needs related to parasite and disease management in organic pig production. This can be applied to target future research to the actual problems experienced in commercial organic production. %0 Conference Paper %A Diskin, Michel G. %A Kelly, Frank %D 2008 %F orgprints:18633 %I Teagasc %P 26-41 %T Reproductive Management of Dairy Cows with Particular Reference to Organic Systems %U http://orgprints.org/18633/ %X Reproductive efficiency is a major factor affecting production and economic efficiency indairy herds. In seasonally calving herds the requirement of good reproductive performance is of greater importance than in other production systems in order to maximally exploit the use of grazed grass in the diet of the cow. Reproductive performance of lactating dairy cows worldwide has declined over the past 30 years in association with selection for milk yield. There is increasing and consistent evidence to suggest that at least some part of the decline in cow reproductive performance is related to underlying changes in reproductive physiology caused by high milk production and or negative energy balance (NEB) in early lactation. Organic systems of milk production demand high tight seasonal calving patterns, maximal production from grazed grass, low involuntary culling rates and the continuous genetic improvement of the herd for commercially important traits. Organic milk production systems should also allow for replacement rates of 25% - 30% to ensure a young herd age structure and low somatic cell counts (SCC). The objective of this paper is to review the role of management factors in herd reproductive performance with particular reference to organic herds. %0 Generic %A Dresbøll, D.B. %A Bjørn, G.K. %A Thorup-Kristensen, K. %D 2008 %F orgprints:8003 %K production system, vegetables, organic, conventional, yield, quality, pests, cultivars %P 770-776 %T Yields and the extent and causes of damage in cauliflower, bulb onion, and carrot grown under organic or conventional regimes. %U http://orgprints.org/8003/ %V 83 %X The effect of organic versus conventional growing practise on yield, quality, pests and diseases of three vegetable crops were examined. Cultivars of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L. convar. Botrytis), bulb onions (Allium cepa L.) and carrots (Daucus carota) were grown organically and conventionally during the years 2000-2003. Differences in cultivar yield, quality and resistance towards pests were determined. However, none of the cultivars were observed to be superior in the conventional compared to the organic growing system. Yields of conventional cauliflower and onions were higher than when grown organically, whereas no differences in carrot yields were observed between the two systems. A larger percentage of the harvested conventional onions were discarded, reducing the difference in net yield between the two systems. Generally, the reasons for discarding varied between the two systems. In organic cauliflower damage by slugs and loose curds were the main reasons for discarding. Loose curds can be explained by nitrogen deficiency while the damage by slugs is ascribed to the warm and humid environment created under insect nets used in the organic growing system. In both systems, the most severe reason for discarding of onions was exterior watery scales. Rot and mold were more pronounced in the conventional system whereas thick-necked onions were more frequent in the organic system due to larger distance between the onions. Conventional carrots were significantly more damaged by carrot flies than organic carrots even though the flies were present in the organic system and pesticides were applied in the conventional system. In contrast, more deform carrots were seen in the organic system. Generally, less organically crops were discarded due to pests, which presumably can be explained by the resistance of organic crops towards pests due to the increased diversity of microbial biomass and presence of insect natural enemies. On the contrary, the lower yields in organically grown vegetables can mainly be explained by morphological defects probably created by changes in growing system design in order to facilitate weed management. %0 Thesis %A Driouech, Noureddin %B Vegetable Production %D 2008 %F orgprints:13838 %I University of Tuscia, Viterbo %K Annual self-reseeding legumes Trifolium spp., Medicago spp., biological nitrogen fixation, green manure, rotation, subsequent crops, soil fertility %T Annual self-reseeding legumes and their application into mediterranean cropping systems. %U http://orgprints.org/13838/ %X Soil fertility management is a major concern in organic farming. According to the EEC Regulation 2092/91, soil fertility must be maintained and/or increased by legumes cultivation. Native Mediterranean legumes ecotypes are more persistent than commercial varieties but their use in catch crop sequences is still limited. The N2-fixing legumes crops as a local resource can be considered as an alternative to improve nitrogen nutrition and to increase crop yields. This study aimed to investigate the agronomic performance of seven annual self-reseeding legumes and the short–term effect of nitrogen supply on the subsequent crops. Results are presented from field experiment on sandy-clay soil, pH 8.1 and 1.6% of organic matter, in the south of Italy, where the self-reseeding legumes were evaluated during two cropping cycles for their adaptability and integration into Mediterranean cropping systems. Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF)performance was also measured using 15N isotopic dilution method. For the first cropping cycle, Trifolium spp. performed better than Medicago spp. and of the seven tested species, five were more suitable to the site conditions. These species could be used for managing soil fertility and enhancing biodiversity in orchards. Trifolium angustifolium and Medicago polymorpha were the most performing species. They fixed 132 and 90 kg N ha-1 of BNF, produced 1976 and 731 kg ha-1 of seeds and 8.7 and 5.5 t ha-1 of dry biomass (DM) respectively. In contrast, Medicago radiata and M. rigidula were the least performing species. For the second cropping cycle, their self-establishment capacity and their effect as green manure on two subsequent crops of zucchini and lettuce were investigated. Results showed again that Trifolium spp. performed better than Medicago. Except for M. radiata and M. rigidula, regenerated species appear to sustain optimum level of soil-available nitrogen and induced positive effects on both zucchini and lettuce growth parameters. Zucchini and lettuce marketable yield significantly increased influenced by the preceding legumes, on average 53% and 24% respectively over the control. T. angustifolium was again the best performing and promising species producing the highest DM (7.74 t ha-1) and fixing nitrogen (146.7 kg N ha-1) symbiotically. It induced the best effect on all zucchini and lettuce parameters including crop yield (42.66 and 48 t ha-1 respectively). In contrast, M. polymorpha was less performing (0.3 t ha-1 of DM and 11.5 kg ha-1 of BNF). Given the overall performance of all species, it was determined that T. angustifolium had the greatest potential for further development in this environment. %0 Conference Paper %A Driouech, Noureddin %A Abou Fayad, Fady %A Ghanem, Ala'a %A Al-Bitar, Lina %D 2008 %F orgprints:12276 %K annual self-reseeding legumes, Trifolium spp., Medicago spp., biological nitrogen fixation, Mediterranean region %T Agronomic performance of annual self-reseeding legumes and their self-establishment potential in the Apulia region of Italy %U http://orgprints.org/12276/ %X The agronomic performance, biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) ability and self-establishment potential of seven species of annual self-reseeding legumes were investigated in Apulia region, Italy. For the first cropping cycle (2005-2006) preliminary results showed that Trifolium spp. performed better than Medicago spp. Among the seven species, five were more suitable to the site’s conditions. T. angustifolium and M. polymorpha gave the best results. T. angustifolium fixed 131.7 kg ha-1 year of nitrogen (15N isotope dilution method), produced 1976 kg ha-1 of seeds and 8.7 t ha-1 of dry matter (DM). M. radiata and M. rigidula were the less performing. During the second cropping cycle (2006-2007) results showed that Trifolium spp. self-established better than Medigaco spp. Regenerated species appeared to sustain optimum level of BNF. Again T. angustifolium was the best performing species producing the highest DM (7.7 t ha-1) and fixing nitrogen (146.7 kg) N ha-1 symbiotically. In contrast, M. polymorpha, was the less performing (0.3 t ha-1 of DM and 11.5 kg ha1 of BNF) while M. rigidula and M. radiata did not regenerate. Given the overall performance of all species, it was determined that T. angustifolium had the greatest potential for further development in this environment. %0 Conference Paper %A Driouech, Noureddin %A Abou Fayad, Fady %A Ghanem, Ala'a %A Al-Bitar, Lina %D 2008 %E Neuhoff, Daniel %E Halberg, Niels %E Alfodi, Thomas %E Lockeretz, William %E Thommen, Andreas %E Rasmussen, Ilse.A. %E Hermansen, John %E Vaarst, Mette %E Lueck, Loran %E Caporali, Fabio %E Hogh Jensen, Henning %E Migliorini, Paola %E Willer, Helga %F orgprints:13835 %I ISOFAR %K annual self-reseeding legumes, Trifolium spp., Medicago spp., biological nitrogen fixation, Mediterranean region %N 1 %P 396-399 %T Agronomic performance of annual self-reseeding legumes and their self-establishment potential in the Apulia region of Italy. %U http://orgprints.org/13835/ %V Organic crop production %X The agronomic performance, biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) ability and self-establishment potential of seven species of annual self-reseeding legumes were investigated in Apulia region, Italy. For the first cropping cycle (2005-2006) preliminary results showed that Trifolium spp. performed better than Medicago spp. Among the seven species, five were more suitable to the site’s conditions. T. angustifolium and M. polymorpha gave the best results. T. angustifolium fixed 131.7 kg ha-1 year of nitrogen (15N isotope dilution method), produced 1976 kg ha-1 of seeds and 8.7 t ha-1 of dry matter (DM). M. radiata and M. rigidula were the less performing. During the second cropping cycle (2006-2007) results showed that Trifolium spp. self-established better than Medigaco spp. Regenerated species appeared to sustain optimum level of BNF. Again T. angustifolium was the best performing species producing the highest DM (7.7 t ha-1) and fixing nitrogen (146.7 kg) N ha-1 symbiotically. In contrast, M. polymorpha, was the less performing (0.3 t ha-1 of DM and 11.5 kg ha1 of BNF) while M. rigidula and M. radiata did not regenerate. Given the overall performance of all species, it was determined that T. angustifolium had the greatest potential for further development in this environment. %0 Generic %A Duarte Júnior, José Barbosa %A Coelho, Fábio Cunha %D 2008 %F orgprints:20405 %K Crotalaria juncea, Saccharum oficinalis, Agricultura sustentável Agrovoc code: 1978 Crotalaria juncea, 33561 Sustainable agriculture, 3375 Green manures, 7501 Sugarcane %N 3 %P 723-732 %T Adubos verdes e seus efeitos no rendimento da cana-de-açúcar em sistema de plantio direto. %U http://orgprints.org/20405/ %V 67 %X O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar adubos verdes e seus efeitos no rendimento da cana-de-açúcar em sistema de plantio direto (SPD). O trabalho foi realizado em Campos dos Goytacazes (RJ), no período de dezembro de 2003 a julho de 2005. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram: feijão-de-porco (Canavalia ensiformis), mucuna-preta(Mucuna aterrimum), crotalária (Crotalária juncea) em plantio direto e vegetação espontânea em preparo convencional (testemunha). Com crotalária aos 35 dias após emergência (DAE) houve maior taxa de cobertura do solo – 87% – e, aos 92 DAE produziu 17.852 kg ha-1 de matéria seca, respectivamente, 41%, 78% e 407% superior ao feijão-de-porco, mucuna e vegetação espontânea, além de superá-las em acúmulos de K, Mg, S, Zn e Fe. O feijão-de-porco e a mucuna proporcionaram o maior teor de N na parte aérea. Com feijão-de-porco, os teores de P e Ca foram maiores que a crotalária e a mucuna. Com vegetação espontânea, o maior teor de K foi na parte aérea. As leguminosas acumularam maiores quantidades de N e Cu do que a vegetação espontânea. A crotalária e o feijão-de-porco acumularam 66% a mais de P na parte área que a mucuna. O SPD utilizando a adubação verde contribuiu significativamente para a maior produtividade de cana-de-açúcar, 135.863 kg ha-1, sendo 37% superior ao PC com a vegetação espontânea. %0 Generic %A Egelyng, H. %A Vaarst, M. %A Hermansen, J.E. %A Høgh-Jensen, H. %D 2008 %F orgprints:14814 %I Politiken %K økologi; fødevareproduktion %T Afrika – Fremtidens Økologiske Kontinent? %U http://orgprints.org/14814/ %X Afrikanske bønders forbrug af fossil energi er lavt – og deres forurening med nitrat, sprøjtegifte og klimagasser er begrænset. %0 Conference Paper %A Egelyng, Henrik %D 2008 %F orgprints:15400 %T Alternative Markets as Proxy’s for Global Governance of the World Food System: the case of strengths and weaknesses of certified organics as institutional vehicle for sustainable development %U http://orgprints.org/15400/ %X Abstract available at http://www.eadi.org/fileadmin/Documents/Events/General_Conference/2008/paper_Egelyng.pdf %0 Conference Paper %A Egelyng, Henrik %A Høgh-Jensen, Henning %A Kledal, Paul Rye %A Halberg, Niels %D 2008 %F orgprints:12508 %K Organic Agriculture, Development Policy. WDR ´08. OECD DAC ´06 %P 364-367 %T Organic Agriculture: A New Field of International Development Policy %U http://orgprints.org/12508/ %V 2 %X This paper reviews strategically selected global policy documents and development literature and analyse perspectives on the role of organic agriculture (OA) as a possible vehicle for sustainable development in developing countries. It shows that not only has compliance assessed organics made entry in terms of projects and programmes in many LICs. OA is also gaining position in formal policies and strategies of international donor agencies and organisations. If agriculture is generally “back” in development business, organic farming has certainly “arrived”. %0 Conference Paper %A Eichert, Christian %D 2008 %F orgprints:11894 %K Organic farming policy, Policy evaluation, Organic action plans %T Meta-evaluation of action plans – The case of the German Federal Organic Farming Scheme %U http://orgprints.org/11894/ %X Meta-evaluation can be seen as a quality control measure of policies or programs. For that purpose, a formal methodology is used when assessing the quality of an evaluation work. The presented meta-evaluation is based on an adapted version of the evaluation standards used by DEGEVAL (German evaluation society). The well-balanced design of the DEGEVAL standards makes them widely applicable and useful also for conducting meta-evaluations. This paper presents the results of a meta-evaluation undertaken on the evaluation of the German Federal Organic Farming Scheme. Concerning most sections the quality of the underlying study is excellent. %0 Conference Paper %A Eichert, Christian %D 2008 %F orgprints:15003 %K Transparenz, Qualität, Regionalität, Ökologisierung, Auslaufen der Milchquote, 2. Säule %T Wie gestaltet sich die Zukunft der heimischen Agrarerzeugung vor dem Hintergrund eines sich wandelnden Weltmarktes? %U http://orgprints.org/15003/ %X Der Vortrag ist geglieder in eine Schilderung der politischen Rahmenbedingungen (Faktenlage und Statements), daraus abgeleiteten Schlussfolgerungen, den Kapiteln "Markt für Bioenergie", "Märkte für Lebensmittel" (International, heimischer Markt), sowie einer kritischen Diskussion und einem Ausblick auf die zukünftige Ausgestaltung gerade auch des Milchmarktes. %0 Conference Paper %A Eichert, Christian %A Mayer, Evelyn %D 2008 %F orgprints:14674 %I Österreichische Gesellschaft für Agrarökonomie %K Domestic Fair Trade, Wertediskussion, Wertewandel %P 131-132 %T Relevanz wirtschaftsethischer Konzepte für den Ökologischen Landbau %U http://orgprints.org/14674/ %X Im Zuge des Milchstreiks im Sommer 2008 rückten Fragen einer fairen Entlohnung für die Erstellung und den Handel landwirtschaftlicher Erzeugnisse in den Fokus der gesellschaftlichen Diskussion und wurden in den Feuilletons der großen Tageszeitungen diskutiert. Vor diesem Hintergrund stellt sich die Frage, ob aufgrund seiner Entstehungsgeschichte innerhalb des Sektors Ökologischer Landbau ein anderes Wirtschaftsverständnis vorherrscht beziehungsweise welche Modelle und Systeme einer Fair-Preisgestaltung momentan existieren. %0 Generic %A Eilenberg, Jørgen %A Jensen, Annette B. %A Meyling, Nicolai V. %D 2008 %F orgprints:14190 %T Hvem gavner hvem i marken? %U http://orgprints.org/14190/ %X I det dyrkede land ønsker vi en høj produktion af sunde fødevarer samtidig med, at økosystemets biologiske mangfoldighed er så høj som muligt. Naturlige fjender er med til at holde skadedyrene nede uden brug af pesticider. Men når nogle svampearter angriber de nyttige insekter som rovinsekterne og bierne, kan det indirekte hæmme fødevareproduktionen. %0 Generic %A Eilenberg, Jørgen %A Jespersen, Jørgen B. %D 2008 %E Hansen, Michael B. %F orgprints:14148 %I Jordbrugsakademikerne %K Biological control; Bacillus thuringiensis %N 2 %P 4-7 %T Status og nye udfordringer: Biologisk bekæmpelse af skadedyr %U http://orgprints.org/14148/ %V 6 %X Biologisk bekæmpelse var en succes, da det blev introduceret første gang i 1880'erne i Californien. I artiklen defineres forskellige strategier og vi gør status over den faktiske brug af biologisk bekæmpelse, både i Danmark og globalt. Der er fortsat et stort potentiale for biologisk bekæmpelse, og metoden er mere aktuel end nogensinde. Der er dog fortsat behov for at vide mere om organismerne og deres samspil med andre arter og deres omgivelser. %0 Conference Paper %A Ekholm, Petri %D 2008 %F orgprints:16047 %I Nordic Association of Agricultural Scientists %K phosphorus, losses, eutrophication %P 20-24 %T Agricultural phosphorus losses and eutrophication in Nordic-Baltic countries %U http://orgprints.org/16047/ %X The P losses from agriculture are controlled by natural characteristics, agricultural practices and national and international agricultural as well as agri-environmental policies. To reduce the P losses the measures should be targeted at the areas and activities that are responsible for the highest actual losses of bioavailable P. The response of an aquatic ecosystem to agricultural activities is a result of complex interactions between physical, chemical and biological processes. %0 Conference Paper %A Ekholm, Petri %D 2008 %F orgprints:16039 %I Nordic Association of Agricultural Scientists %K phosphorus, losses, eutrophication %T Agricultural phosphorus losses and eutrophication in Nordic-Baltic countries %U http://orgprints.org/16039/ %X Management of phosphorus: management actions have to be environmentally sustainable, economically viable, technologically feasible, socially desirable (or at least tolerable), legally permissible, administratively achievable and politically expedient (Ducrotoy & Elliott, 2008). %0 Conference Paper %A EL JIATI, Abdelazize %D 2008 %F orgprints:12073 %K olive- Otiorhynchus cribricollis – monitoring – non-chemical - weevil %T A non-chemical method for monitoring adult olive weevil populations in Tadla-Azilal plain in Morocco %U http://orgprints.org/12073/ %X The olive weevil becomes one of the major olive pests in Tadla-Azilal in Morocco. The chemical control is expensive and of low efficiency. Its application at night complicates the task for olive growers. An alternative non-chemical method has been developed using polyester fiber as a trap. It has a high efficiency, low cost and might be advised to organic olive farmers. %0 Generic %A El-Naggar, Ahmed %A El-Araby, Ahmed %A de Neergaard, Andreas %A Høgh-Jensen, Henning %D 2008 %F orgprints:18305 %P 49-60 %T Crop responses to 15N-labelled organic and inorganic nitrogen sources %U http://orgprints.org/18305/ %V 80 %X A major challenge for low¬-external-input farming systems is to secure the N supply. Lack of synchrony between mineralization of organic N sources and plant N requirements is causing many growers to use different techniques to overcome this problem. One of these techniques is the application of soluble water extracts of different farm residues and plants. A field study was conducted to study the crop uptake of applied 15N-labeled alfalfa and clover extracts as compared to the N uptake from15N-glycine and three levels of 15N-(NH4)2SO4. The results show that total N accumulation in the field crops, squash and lettuce, was primarily affected by the amount of added N (P<0.05) and not by the form in which the N was applied (P>0.05). The utilization efficiencies of N (pNdff) from plant extracts and glycine increased (P<0.05) gradually from 10, 20, to 30 days after application in contrast to (NH4)2SO4 which peaked in utilization efficiencies of 56% around 20 days after application. The pNdff reached 60%, 40% and 36% of the applied glycine, alfalfa and clover extracts, respectively in lettuce. Squash showed the same pattern during at 10, 20 and 30 days however the proportion of N derived from most of the treatments was higher in squash than in lettuce (p<0.05). These results indicate that plant extracts of clover and alfalfa can be used as efficient N fertilisers in low-external-input agroecosystems. %0 Generic %A Elmholt, S. %A Schjønning, P. %A Munkholm, L.J. %A Debosz, K. %D 2008 %F orgprints:14642 %K soil structure, aggregates, organic farming, carbohydrates, clay, hyphal length %N 3-4 %P 455-467 %T Soil management effects on aggregate stability and biological binding %U http://orgprints.org/14642/ %V 144 %X In order to improve our understanding of soil aggregation, we have studied the relative importance of bonding and binding mechanisms, especially how they scale according to aggregate size and how they are influenced by farming system and different management options. Topsoil samples were collected from four arable sandy loam soils found as two pairs (FP1 and FP2) of neighbouring fields. One of the fields in FP2 had been grown for decades with annual cash crops without application of organic manures, while the other three fields had been managed with diversified crop rotations and manure dressings. Aggregates were segregated from the bulk soil by promoting brittle failure. The samples of soil structural units were fractionated to 4-8 mm, 0.5-1 mm and 0.063-0.25 mm aggregates during a process of air-drying with minimum energy input (e.g. short sieving times). We measured microbial biomass, ergosterol, clay dispersibility, hot-water extractable carbohydrates, and hyphal length. Generally, all four soils showed no significant differences among aggregate size classes in the content of microbial biomass, hot-water extractable carbohydrates and hyphal length. The FP2 soil grown with annual cash crops had significantly lower values for all soil attributes than its neighbouring soil, while a more complex pattern was observed for the FP1 soils. Our results do not indicate scaling according to aggregate size of the binding and bonding mechanisms studied. Results from the three fields with diversified crop rotations indicate satisfactory levels of bonding and binding agents for creation of stable aggregates. Exhaustion of soil organic matter as found in the cash crop system seems to change the way that clay particles interact with the biotic agents in aggregation. %0 Generic %A Elmholt, S. %D 2008 %E Karlovsky, P. %F orgprints:7400 %I Springer Verlag, Heidelberg %K trichothecenes, zearalenone, fumonisins, aflatoxins, ochratoxins, patulin, soil %N III %P 167-203 %T Mycotoxins in the soil environment %U http://orgprints.org/7400/ %V 14 %X The paper outlines the current knowledge concerning fate of mycotoxins in the soil environment, including - outline of mycotoxins addressed (trichothecenes, zearalenone, fumonisins, aflatoxins, ochratoxins and patulin) - routes by which the mycotoxins enter the soil environment - routes by which they are immobilised or removed from the soil environment - mycotoxigenic fungi and mycotoxins in the soil environment %0 Generic %A Elsgaard, Lars %D 2008 %F orgprints:13047 %T Landet rundt noter %U http://orgprints.org/13047/ %X Note om kartoflers optag af N fra placeret gylle Økologiske spisekartofler er en højværdi-afgrøde som har et betydeligt potentiale for at kunne give bedre rentabilitet i økologisk planteavl. Et hyppigt problem er dog, at mange økologiske kartofler er umodne, når de nedvisner som følge af skimmelangreb. Derfor er det vigtigt, at kartoflerne kommer tidligt i gang i foråret, og at der er næringsstoffer til rådighed tidligt i vækstperioden. Her viser nye undersøgelser, at placering af gylle direkte under kammen øger N-optagelse i afgrøden. Ved begyndende skimmelangreb blev der som gennemsnit optaget 117 og 124 kg N pr. ha i afgrøden dyrket i Jyndevad, mens der blev optaget 148 og 164 kg N pr. ha i afgrøden dyrket i Foulum, når gyllen var henholdsvis udbragt på normal vis eller placeret. %0 Generic %A Elsgaard, Lars %D 2008 %F orgprints:13122 %N 5 %T Nyt om forskning i økologisk jordbrug %U http://orgprints.org/13122/ %X Noter om: (1) Malkerobot i marken; (2) Økologisk mad til børn/unge; (3) Tillid fremmer økologien, (4) Flest regnorme i økologisk jord %0 Generic %A Engström, Agr Lena %A Lindén, AgrD Börje %D 2008 %F orgprints:13095 %K ekologisk höstraps, fånggröda, sen plöjning, organic winter oilseed rape, catch crop, ploughing late %T Kväveförsörjning i ekologiska odlingssystem med vall - höstraps - vete. %U http://orgprints.org/13095/ %X I fem treåriga fältförsök (2001-2006), belägna i Bohuslän och Halland, studerades efterverkan av klövergräsvall, utnyttjad som slåttervall och gröngödslingsvall, vid odling av höstraps som efterföljande gröda. I en av tre behandlingar av vallen togs två skördar, innan vallen bröts efter andraskörden. I ett annat led togs första skörden tillvara, medan återväxten plöjdes ned vid tidpunkten för andraskörden. I den tredje behandlingen utnyttjades vallen helt för gröngödsling, med en putsning vid tiden för första vallskörden. Efter vallbrottet såddes höstraps. Vidare undersöktes i vilken utsträckning flytgödseltillförsel till höstrapsen på våren förbättrade dess kväveförsörjning och avkastning. Efterverkan av vallen och höstrapsen studerades efter höstrapsåret, dels i höstvete (med relativt tidig plöjning efter rapsskörden) och dels i vårvete, med och utan stubbearbetning efter rapsskörden samt med och utan fånggröda (rödklöver+engelskt rajgräs) som såtts in i höstrapsen. I de led där vårvete skulle sås plöjdes marken på senhösten eller våren därefter. I de led där två skördar togs av klövergräsvallarna fördes i medeltal drygt 160 kg N/ha bort med den skördade grönmassan, och endast stubb innehållande närmare 20 kg N/ha brukades ned vid vallbrottet. Där förstaskörden togs tillvara bortfördes med denna drygt 80 kg N/ha, och närmare 80 kg N/ha i grönmassa samt kväve i stubb plöjdes ned i samband med vallbrottet. I det rena gröngödslingsledet fastställdes en total kväveproduktion på ca 300 kg N/ha i form av avslaget växtmaterial och stubb, som lämnades kvar på marken fram till plöjningen av vallen. Den större anhopningen av mineraliserat kväve i marken till följd av vallbrottet togs väl tillvara av den sådda höstrapsen, där denna utvecklades bra (med ett N-upptag i blasten på i medel-tal 47 kg N/ha på senhösten). I totalt sett fyra försök (utöver de fem nämnda), där det var för torrt för att rapsfröet skulle gro väl, förblev emellertid det mineraliserade kvävet outnyttjat och mängden mineralkväve (min-N) inom 0-90 cm markdjup på senhösten ökade från i medeltal 20 kg N/ha till ca 90 kg N/ha, vilket var nästan dubbelt så mycket som på senhösten i försöken med väl etablerad höstraps. Torkans verkan blev särskilt påtaglig, genom att vallen tidigare tömt marken på vatten. Slutsatsen av detta är, att man bör ta den andra vallskörden och bryta vallen så tidigt som möjligt, så att det blir större chans att nederbörd hinner fukta upp jorden inför höstrapssådden. Efterverkan av vallen möjliggjorde en fröskörd av höstrapsen på i medeltal 1720 kg ts/ha. De olika vallbehandlingarna (ett led med två bärgade vallskördar, ett led med en bärgad skörd + andra skörd utnyttjad som gröngödsling och ett tredje led med gröngödslingsvall som putsats en gång) hade mot förmodan ingen tydlig inverkan vare sig på höstrapsens avkastning eller på min-N på senhösten efter vallbrottet, under våren därpå eller vid skörden av höstrapsen. Förklaringar kan vara ammoniakavgång vid putsningen av vallen, N-utlakning efter mineralisering av kväve i det nedplöjda vallmaterialet och/eller att kväve härstammande från vallens rotsystem är en viktig komponent i dess N-efterverkan. Den nötflytgödsel som tillfördes på våren till rapsen (i medeltal 76 kg N/ha som ammoniumkväve) hade ganska liten skördestegrande verkan, men skörden blev ändå signifikant större än i ogödslade led, i medeltal 300 kg rapsfrö per ha mer. Flytgödseln ökade höstrapsens N-upptag med 21 kg N/ha, vilket motsvarade 28 % av ammoniumkväveinnehållet. Eftersom det inte alltid är farbart tidigt på våren med tunga traktorekipage utrustade med flytgödselspridare, tvingas man ofta sprida lite väl sent i förhållande med rapsens tillväxtrytm, vilket förutom ammoniakavdunstning och denitrifikation av kväve kan vara en orsak till den låga merskörden. Fånggrödan (rödklöver+rajgräs) och den stora mängden spontan vegetation (i ett led utan stubbearbetning och med sen plöjning) innehöll 30-40 kg N/ha vid provtagning under senhösten. Detta var tre ochfyra gånger mer kväve än i den spontana vegetationen efter stubbearbetning respektive i höstvetebrodden på senhösten. I leden med den kraftigaste höstvegetationen minskade mineralkvävemängderna till ca 28 kg N/ha, vilket var omkring 50 % mindre på senhösten än i leden med höstvete och tidig plöjning. Det fanns en tendens till större höstmineralisering efter flytgödseltillförseln till höstrapsen våren dessförinnan. Den uteblivna tidiga jordbearbetningen i leden med fånggröda och sen plöjning medverkadetroligtvis till att hålla N-frigörelsen på en låg nivå, medan plöjning och harvning inför höstvetesådden, eller tidig stubbearbetning följd av sen plöjning, stimulerade N-mineraliseringen, med ökad N-utlakningsrisk som följd. Då det efter höstraps normalt återfinns mer mineralkväve i marken på hösten än efter stråsäd, är uppenbarligen fånggröda och senarelagd jordbearbetning viktiga åtgärder för att minska vinterns kväveförluster efter denna gröda. Höstvetet avkastade i genomsnitt 3870 kg/ha (15 % vattenhalt) och vårvetet 3530-3790 kg/ha i de olika leden, vilket är förhållandevis bra skördar i jämförelse med officiell skördestatistik för ekologisk odling. Orsaken är troligen bl.a. god N-efterverkan av både klövergräsvallen och höstrapsen, med så mycket som 120-130 kg utnyttjbart kväve från mark och förfruktsgrödor. Skörden av höst- och vårvetet påverkades dock inte av den flytgödsel som spritts till höstrapsen, och vårveteskörden ej heller av jordbearbetningen efter rapsskörden och av fånggrödan. Trots mindre min-N på senhösten genom fånggrödan och utebliven jordbearbetning fram till sen plöjning, och eventuellt större N-förluster över vintern i de övriga leden (med dubbelt så mycket min-N på senhösten), erhölls ingen tydlig efterverkan i form av större kväveinnehåll i vårvetet vid mognad och ej heller någon merskörd av detta i något av leden. En tendens till mer växttillgängligt kväve, som vårvetet kunde utnyttja, fanns dock efter fånggrödan. Som framgått blev skörden av höstvetet i genomsnitt lika stor som i medeltal för vårvetet, men proteinhalten var signifikant högre i vårvetet. Med ett pris för ekologisk vårvete som de senaste fem åren varit ca. 0,50 kr/kg högre än för höstvete blev det ekonomiska utbytet av vårvete efter höstraps bättre än med höstvete efter höstraps. %0 Generic %A Epe, C. %A Holst, C. %A Koopmann, R. %A Schnieder, T. %A Larsen, M. %A von Samson-Himmelstjerna, G. %D 2008 %F orgprints:14751 %I Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institut (vTI), D-Braunschweig %K biological control, Duddingtonia flagrans, sheep, goat, gastrointestinal nematodes %N 3 %P 191-202 %T Investigation on the influence of nematophagous fungi as feed additive on nematode infection risk of sheep and goats on pasture %U http://orgprints.org/14751/ %V 58 %X Gastrointestinal nematodes in small ruminants cause high economic losses. Thus on most farms anthelmintic treatment is required. In response to increasing problems with anthelmintic resistance, biological control, for example the use of nematophagous fungi, has received significant attention. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Duddingtonia flagrans orally applied to small ruminants on natural infection with gastrointestinal nematodes in a field study in Northern Germany. 20 goats and 20 sheep were fed daily for 3 months with 5x105 spores of D. flagrans per kg bodyweight. Differences in body weight, faecal egg count and larval development in faeces and on pasture in comparison with same-sized control groups were analysed. After 3 months the control goats showed significantly higher mean faecal egg count than the fungus-fed group. No significant difference was found between the two sheep groups. The maximum in larval reduction in faeces was 81.3 % in the sheep groups and 67.9 % in the goat groups (not significant). At the end of the study the body weight gain in the fungus-treated groups was 1.7 kg higher in goats and 0.7 kg higher in sheep than in the control groups (not significant). Regarding the first-year-grazing goats only, the bodyweights revealed significant differences (p<0.05). No statistically significant differences were observed in pasture larval counts. In the study presented here, no clear effect of fungus could be observed. A modified feeding regimen, perhaps with permanent release boluses or feed blocks, may improve the efficacy. Furthermore, it seems that climatic conditions during the study period could have influenced the results and displayed how sensitive the fungus application may be on such parameters. %0 Conference Paper %A Eriksen, J %A Askegaard, M %A Søegaard, K %D 2008 %F orgprints:14641 %P 556-558 %T Productivity and N-leaching in organic dairy grass-arable crop rotations %U http://orgprints.org/14641/ %V 13 %X Due to increasing size of Danish organic dairy farms uniform grazing of all cropped land becomes inexpedient due to long distance to the milking facilities. We investigated nutrient dynamics and feed production in two dairy crop rotations with internal differences in proportion of grazing and cutting. One six year crop rotation represents close to the farm buildings (barley [Hordeum vulgare L.] undersown with grass-clover [Lolium perenne L.–Trifolium repens L.] - 4 years of grass-clover - spring barley/catch crop) and another represents further away (barley undersown with grass-clover, 2 years of grass-clover -barley/catch crop - maize [Zea mays L.]/catch crop - lupin [Lupinus angustifolius]/catch crop). In each of the crop rotations was made five treatments concerning grazing/cutting strategy and manure application. Results from the first experimental year shows that herbage production was high in year 1-4 of grass-clover. Nitrate leaching in the crop rotations were highest in grazed and manured 2-4 years old grasslands, but also following maize and lupin considerable losses occurred despite the presence of catch crops. Following grassland cultivation, a barley silage crop undersown with Italian ryegrass [Lolium multiflorum L.] reduced leaching to a minimum. %0 Conference Paper %A Eriksen, J %A Askegaard, M %A Søegaard, K %A Hansen, E M %D 2008 %F orgprints:14643 %P 333-334 %T Planteproduktion og miljø på store økologiske kvægbrug %U http://orgprints.org/14643/ %X Store besætninger kræver meget græs tæt på gården. Udnyttelse og tab af kvælstof i græsintensive sædskifter kan delvis kontrolleres vha. management %0 Generic %A Eriksen, J. %D 2008 %F orgprints:16295 %P 24-24 %T Sådan findes den optimale balance mellem øko-græsproduktion og miljø %U http://orgprints.org/16295/ %X Græsmarker af længere varighed, forbedret management, strategisk gødskning og artsblandinger er nøgleord, når den optimale balance mellem produktion og miljø skal findes på stadig større kvægbrug. %0 Generic %A Eriksen, J. %A Askegaard, M. %A Søegaard, K. %D 2008 %F orgprints:16282 %P 373-382 %T Residual effect and nitrate leaching in grass-arable rotations: Effect of grassland proportion, sward type and fertilizer history %U http://orgprints.org/16282/ %V 24 %X A key point in designing grass-arable rotations is to find the right balance between number of cultivations versus the length of the grass phase. In a field experiment, we investigated the effect of cropping history (grazed grass-clover and ryegrass, proportion of grassland and previous fertilizer use) on crop growth and nitrate leaching in two years following grassland cultivation. In the final year, the effect of perennial ryegrass as a catch crop was investigated. The nitrogen fertiliser replacement value (NFRV) of grassland cultivation was higher at 132 kg N ha-1 in the rotation with 75% grassland compared to on average 111 kg N ha-1 in rotations with 25 and 38% grassland and the NFRV of ryegrass in the rotation was higher than that of grass-clover. Nitrate leaching following cultivation was not affected by grassland proportion in the crop rotation or sward type. However, there was considerable effect of having a ryegrass catch crop following the final barley crop as nitrate leaching was reduced from 60 to 9 kg N ha-1. When summarising results from the crop rotations over a longer period (1997-2005) management in both grassland and arable phases appears to be the primary measures for avoiding nutrient losses from mixed crop rotations irrespective of grass proportion. In the arable phase the huge potential of catch crops has been demonstrated, but it is also important to realise that all parts of the grass-arable crop rotations must be considered potentially leaky. %0 Conference Paper %A Eronen, Liisa %D 2008 %F orgprints:17968 %I Nordic Association of Agricultural Scientists %K beet cyst nematodes, sugar beet, machine rings %N 3 %P 20 %T Inventory of beet cyst nematode on sugar beet farms of three machine rings in Finland 2004-2006 %U http://orgprints.org/17968/ %V 4 %X The effect of harvester ring in the spreading of beet cyst nematodes was studied during the growing season 2004 to 2006. Three rings, three farms per ring and three fields per farm were taken to inventory. %0 Conference Paper %A Erriquens, F.G. %A Ceglie, F.G. %A Diacono, M. %A Verrastro, V. %A Ferri, D. %A Debiase, G. %A Mastrangelo, M. %D 2008 %F orgprints:19052 %K agricoltura biologica, compost di qualità, matrici organiche, sansa denocciolata %T Innovazioni di processo per la produzione di compost di qualità idonei alla conservazione del suolo e alla sostenibilità in agricoltura biologica %U http://orgprints.org/19052/ %X La tutela della risorsa suolo è tra gli aspetti fondamentali del metodo di produzione biologico. L’applicazione di compost di qualità coniuga la necessità del recupero di materia da scarti organici con l’esigenza di reintegrare il contenuto di sostanza organica dei suoli. Tali premesse sono la base di una ricerca finalizzata alla produzione di compost tramite un sistema innovativo, alla caratterizzazione del prodotto finito e alla realizzazione di prove sperimentali in ambiente confinato e in pieno campo, idonee ad individuare un codice di buona pratica agricola per l’utilizzo del compost in agricoltura biologica. Il protocollo sperimentale ha previsto la produzione di 4 tipi di compost (C1, C2, C3, C4) ottenuti da una miscela di partenza contenente: sansa umida denocciolata (sn), stallatico (st) e residui ligneocellulosici triturati (lc). I compost C1 (C/N=30) e C3 (C/N=45) sono stati ottenuti dalla miscelazione di sn :st: lc nel rapporto 7:1:5 (p/p) e 1:5:5 (p/p). C2 e C4 derivano rispettivamente da C1 e C3 per essiccazione all’aria in strato sottile alla fine della fase di biossidazione accelerata (BA). L’essiccazione è stata effettuata al fine di rallentare le attività microbiche ed i processi di evoluzione della sostanza organica ottenendo matrici a due stadi di maturazione. I parametri di processo monitorati sono stati: umidità, temperatura, pH, e solidi volatili. Ad inizio processo (T0), alla fine della fase di BA (T1) e alla fine della fase di curing (T2), sono stati prelevati campioni rappresentativi dai cumuli per la misurazione dell’indice respirometrico dinamico (IRD). I 4 compost, prodotti presso l’impianto di compostaggio sperimentale IAMB, sono stati applicati su una rotazione biennale farro - cece da granella e su una coltivazione di spinacio, entrambi condotti con metodo di produzione biologico. La fase di BA, della durata di 35 gg per C1 e C2 e 18 gg per C3 e C4, è stata condotta in cassone areato non movimentato. La fase di curing (86 gg per C1 e 65 gg per C3) è stata condotta in cumulo statico. L’umidità è stata controllata settimanalmente e corretta al fine di garantire valori di processo tra 50 e 60%, la temperatura massima raggiunta è stata di 72 °C per C1 e 76 °C per C3. L’IRD, partendo da valori compatibili con i dati di letteratura nella miscela iniziale (T0: 4.171 mgO2 gSV-1 h-1 per C1 e C2; 5.955 mgO2 gSV-1 h-1 per C3 e C4), ha raggiunto livelli di piena stabilità per tutti i materiali già alla fine della fase di BA (T1: 424 mgO2 gSV-1 h-1 per C1e C2 e 789 mgO2 gSV-1 h-1 per C3 e C4). I diversi rapporti C/N e i contributi della matrice sn nelle due miscelazioni hanno comportato differenze nei tempi di processo e negli andamenti dei picchi di temperatura giornalieri, risultando più brevi per C3-C4 rispetto a C1-C2. In attesa dei risultati finali relativi all’applicazione in pieno campo, si ipotizza che il prolungarsi del processo in C1-C3 rispetto a C2-C4 comporterà una diversa disponibilità di elementi nutritivi nelle relative tesi sperimentali per effetto del procedere dei processi di biossidazione ed evoluzione della sostanza organica. %0 Conference Paper %A Etone Epie, Kenedy %A Santanen, Arja %A Stoddard, Frederick %A Virtanen, Seija %A Simojoki, Asko %D 2008 %F orgprints:17969 %I Nordic Association of Agricultural Scientists %K reed canary grass, acid suphate soils %N 3 %P 19 %T Sustainable bioenergy cropping: growing reed canarygrass in acid suphate soils %U http://orgprints.org/17969/ %V 4 %X The response of reed canary grass to water logging, acidity and dissolved metals will be studied in the field as well as in a controlled environment using large monoliths of undisturbed acid suphate soil taken into PVC tubes. %0 Conference Paper %A Eyre, Dr M.D. %A Labanowska-Bury, Ms D. %A White, Mr R. %A Leifert, Prof C. %D 2008 %F orgprints:11474 %K Beneficial invertebrates; organic vegetables; field margins; farm management %T Beneficial Invertebrate Activity in Organic and Conventional Vegetable Fields in Eastern England %U http://orgprints.org/11474/ %X Beneficial invertebrate activity was assessed in 2005 and 2006 in three organic and one conventional vegetable field using pitfall and pan traps. Data was generated from a total of 208 trapping sites in cauliflower, leek, cabbage, purple sprouting broccoli and calabrese crops and 80 sites in planted field margins. More activity of epigeal invertebrates was found in Brassica fields compared with leek fields and there was more in organic than conventional Brassica fields. Activity of useful invertebrate groups in the field margins decreased with vegetation development and there appears to be a need for management of margins in order to optimise activity of the most appropriate beneficial groups for the crop planted. %0 Conference Paper %A Eyre, Dr M.D. %A Shotton, Mr P.N. %A Leifert, Prof C. %D 2008 %F orgprints:11478 %K Ground beetles, Carabidae, Fertiliser, Crop Protection, Organic farming %T Crop Type and Management Effects on Ground Beetle Species (Coleoptera, Carabidae) Activity in an Extensive Plot Trial %U http://orgprints.org/11478/ %X The effects of crop type, and of fertility and crop protection management within crops, on ground beetle species activity were investigated using the Nafferton Factorial Systems Comparison Experiment, using pitfall traps in 2005. Thirteen species gave significant responses to crop type, with seven showing a preference for cereals and none for grass/clover. There were 22 significant responses to fertility and six to crop protection within crop types. Sixteen of the responses to fertility and four to crop protection resulted in more activity in organically managed plots. Fertility effects were found most in wheat, barley and grass/clover whilst crop protection effects were mainly in beans and vegetables. A better knowledge of the effects of fertility management is required following changes from conventional to organic farming. %0 Conference Paper %A Eyre, Dr M.D. %A Shotton, Mr P.N. %A Leifert, Prof C. %D 2008 %F orgprints:11479 %K Spiders, Araneae, Organic farming, Fertiliser, Crop protection %T Spider (Araneae) Species Activity, Crop Type and Management Factors in an Extensive Plot Trial %U http://orgprints.org/11479/ %X Spider species activity in five crop types, with organic and conventional fertility and crop protection management, was assessed using pitfall traps in 2005. Significant differences in activity between crop types were seen with 16 species, with 14 most active in grass/clover and 12 least active in vegetable plots. Within crops there were 20 significant responses to fertility, with 16 more active in conventional plots. Crop protection management produced four significant models, with three preferences for organic management. Small linyphiid species showed a distinct preference for the densest vegetation on conventionally fertilised plots, whilst the larger lycosid species were more active on the more open organic plots. In general, there was more activity in conventionally managed crops, in contrast to other reports. %0 Conference Paper %A Facknath, Dr S %A Hurree, Miss B %D 2008 %F orgprints:12696 %K Abelmoschus esculentus, Allium cepa, Azadirachta indica, pests, NPK, soil health, organic %T Crop protection and soil fertility in organic okra cultivation in Mauritius %U http://orgprints.org/12696/ %X Okra was grown in organic and conventional systems. The organic plots included an intercrop system, using onion in alternate rows. Well-decomposed manure was used as a soil amendment, and mulching was done with cane straw. A bird net prevented damage by birds to seeds. Neem extract was applied as and when needed based on economic threshold values of important pests. Parameters studied included plant height, leaf area index, soil pH, soil NPK, and yield and quality of harvested okra fruits. Okra was grown in the conventional plots in a monocrop system, fertilised with synthetic NPK fertilisers, and sprayed with synthetic pesticides. Comparison of soil, plant and yield parameters showed that leaf area index, plant height (from week 10) and fruit yield and quality were higher in the organic system compared to the conventional system, while pest damage was equal in the two systems. Soil pH and phosphorus levels were lower in the organic plots, while available nitrogen and potassium were higher in the organic plots. %0 Generic %A Fall, Nils %A Forslund, Kristina %A Emanuelson, Ulf %D 2008 %F orgprints:14869 %I Elsevier B.V. %K Organic dairy cow, Reproduction, Health, Longevity %N 1-2 %P 11-19 %T Reproductive performance, general health, and longevity of dairy cows at a Swedish research farm with both organic and conventional production %U http://orgprints.org/14869/ %V 118 %X Data from a 12-year longitudinal study was used to compare reproductive performance (RP), general animal health, and longevity in conventionally managed dairy cows and organically managed dairy cows. All cows were held at the same farm and managed by the same personnel. The management of the groups was basically alike, with the main exception being differences in feed composition and feeding regimes. Management of the organic group was done according to the Swedish standards for organic farming, which are certified by the International Federation of Agricultural Movements. The data for this study included all cows calving from September 1, 1990 to August 31, 2001; in total 154 organically and 156 conventionally managed animals. Calving-to-first insemination and calving interval were recorded to characterize RP. Animal health was studied by recording the number of veterinary treated cases of disease. Finally, we studied the length of productive life, from 1st calving to removal. Multivariable models were applied in the analyses to account for variables such as milk yield, parity, breed, calving season, and year of calving. Conventionally managed dairy cows in 3rd lactation or more were found to have longer time from calving-to-first service than organically managed dairy cows. Beside that difference, the groups did not differ in any aspect of RP. Comparisons of number of veterinary treated cases of disease per lactation and the length of productive life revealed no significant differences or trends. With this unique study design, applied in a well managed herd, we were not able to demonstrate any obvious differences in RP, general health or longevity between organically and conventionally managed dairy cows. %0 Generic %A Fall, Nils %A Gröhn, Yrjö T. %A Forslund, Kristina %A Essén-Gustafsson, Birgitta %A Niskanen, Rauni %A Emanuelson, Ulf %D 2008 %F orgprints:14873 %I The American Dairy Science Association, Stanford University, USA %K organic dairy cow, metabolic profile %N 10 %P 3983-3992 %T An Observational Study on Early-Lactation Metabolic Profiles in Swedish Organically and Conventionally Managed Dairy Cows %U http://orgprints.org/14873/ %V 91 %X The aim of this observational study was to compare indicators of energy balance in early lactation in organically managed dairy cows (OMC) and conventionally managed dairy cows (CMC) under field conditions. The diets of OMC and CMC differ as a consequence of the rules and principles of organic dairy farming. The study was based on clinical examinations and blood samples from cows within the range from 2 wk prepartum to 6 wk postpartum, collected from 20 organic and 20 conventional dairy farms with 3 visits at each farm. The farms were located in a southeastern area of Sweden and ranged in size from 45 to 120 cows. The blood parameters selected to reflect energy metabolism were nonesterified fatty acids, β-hydroxybutyrate, glucose, and insulin. At clinical examination body condition score was registered. The shape of the lactation curve in early lactation was modeled to assess potential differences that could explain the blood parameter profiles. The conventionally managed cows increased their milk yield faster than OMC within the first 2 wk of lactation. Blood nonesterified fatty acid concentrations were similar between the management types, but with a tendency of lesser concentrations in OMC, primarily in early lactation. Postcalving β-hydroxybutyrate concentrations were constantly lesser in OMC during the first 6 wk of lactation. An interaction between season and insulin concentration necessitated stratification on season. During spring the profiles overlapped, but there was a significant difference in the first 4 d post-calving, when organically managed cows had greater insulin concentrations and in d 30 to 34 when conventionally managed cows had greater insulin concentrations. During fall the profiles overlapped completely and there was no significant difference at any point in time. Glucose concentrations tended to decrease slightly postcalving followed by a gradual elevation to a concentration just under the precalving concentration during the study period. Body condition scores decreased slightly over the study period. No differences were found between the management types with regard to glucose concentrations or registered body condition score. In conclusion, the OMC did not show a greater extent of mobilization of body tissue than CMC as expressed by our study variables. Hence, OMC adjusted the production amount according to feed intake. %0 Generic %A Fall, DVM Nils %A Emanuelson, Professor Ulf %A Martinsson, Kjell %A Jonsson, Simon %D 2008 %E Erb, Professor Hollis %F orgprints:13099 %I ELSEVIER B.V. %K Mastitis; Somatic-cell count; Cattle; Disease %N 2 %P 186-195 %T Udder health at a Swedish research farm with both organic and conventional dairy cow management %U http://orgprints.org/13099/ %V 83 %X Our aim was to compare udder health in groups of organically and conventionally managed cows, using data from a longitudinal study in a Swedish dairy-research farm. Management of the groups was identical except for feed composition and the feeding regimen. Our dataset included all lactating cows calving from 1 September 1990 to 31 August 2001 (145 organically and 151 conventionally managed cows). Udder health was assessed by the geometric average somatic-cell count (SCC) within 150 days after calving, by the number of monthly SCC tests >200,000 cells/ml within 150 days after calving and by presence of lactations with veterinary-treated cases of clinical mastitis. The effect of animal group was analysed by multivariable linear, Poisson and logistic-regression models, controlling for factors such as lactation number, breed, year, season and milk yield. The groups did not differ in any measure of udder health. We had power to rule out differences of at least 33,000 cells/ml in the geometric average somatic-cell count, an incidence rate ratio of 0.65 in the incidence of high-SCC milk-testing occasions, and an odds ratio of 0.43 in veterinary treated cases of mastitis. %0 Conference Paper %A Fallon, Richard %A Leavy, Elaine %D 2008 %F orgprints:19848 %I Teagasc, Ireland %P 50-54 %T Organic Beef Production - Sire Breed Comparison %U http://orgprints.org/19848/ %X The results to date, from this sire breed comparison study indicate that with the contrasting Aberdeen Angus and Charolais sire breeds that is possible to achieve animal performance data comparable to well managed conventional suckler calf to beef systems (300 kg carcass for heifers in Nov and 400 kg carcass for steers in March). Similarly the responses to sire breed type, sex and date of slaughter for the organic beef animals are biologically compatible. Organic beef is produced under organic rules in response to consumer demand for organic product. The organic system contributes to the protection of the environment and animal welfare. “We have not inherited the world from our forefathers we have borrowed it from our children” (Kashmiri proverb). %0 Generic %A Fanti, Michele Gabriela Nogueira %A Almeida, Keila Emílio de %A Rodrigues, Alexandre Mariani %A Silva, Roberta Claro da %A Florence, Ana Carolina Rodrigues %A Gioielli, Luiz Antônio %A Oliveira, Maricê Nogueira de %D 2008 %F orgprints:20410 %K Leite, Agricultura orgânica, Composição, Ácido linoléico conjugado, Milk, Organic agriculture, Composition, Conjugated linoleic acid Agrovoc code: 15911 Organic agriculture, 4826 Milk, 331025 Composition, 4352 Linoleic acid %N supl %P 259-265 %T Contribuição ao estudo das características físico-químicas e da fração lipídica do leite orgânico. %U http://orgprints.org/20410/ %V 28 %X Produtos orgânicos consistem em uma alternativa para uma alimentação saudável. Considera-se leite orgânico aquele produzido em sistema no qual é vedado o uso de agrotóxico sintético ou outros insumos artificiais tóxicos e organismos geneticamente modificados, visando à oferta de produtos saudáveis e de elevado valor nutricional. Existem poucos dados disponíveis sobre leite orgânico na literatura, mas há indicações de que este apresenta maior teor nutritivo quando comparado ao leite produzido em sistema convencional. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar a composição físico-química, o perfil de ácidos graxos e ácido linoléico conjugado (CLA) em leites pasteurizados integrais oriundos de agricultura orgânica brasileira. Os leites orgânicos foram analisados durante o período de doze meses e os resultados comparados com aqueles obtidos de leites pasteurizados integrais provenientes de sistemas convencionais. A sazonalidade e o manejo dos animais afetaram a composição química dos leites estudados no período de doze meses. Os teores de proteína foram maiores em leite orgânico, porém tendência inversa foi observada nos níveis de gordura. Os principais ácidos graxos do leite não apresentaram diferenças significativas durante as estações do ano e entres os leites. Entretanto, foi verificado maior teor de CLA em leites orgânicos (2,8 vezes maior que em leite convencional), provavelmente devido à dieta dos animais. %0 Generic %A Fanti, Michele Gabriela Nogueira %A Almeida, Keila Emílio de %A Rodrigues, Alexandre Mariani %A Silva, Roberta Claro da %A Florence, Ana Carolina Rodrigues %A Gioielli, Luiz Antônio %A Oliveira, Maricê Nogueira de %D 2008 %F orgprints:22589 %K Leite, Agricultura orgânica, Composição, Ácido linoléico conjugado. Milk, Organic, Composition, Conjugated linoleic acid. %N suppl %P 259-265 %T Contribuição ao estudo das características físico-químicas e da fração lipídica do leite orgânico. %U http://orgprints.org/22589/ %V 28 %X Produtos orgânicos consistem em uma alternativa para uma alimentação saudável. Considera-se leite orgânico aquele produzido em sistema no qual é vedado o uso de agrotóxico sintético ou outros insumos artificiais tóxicos e organismos geneticamente modificados, visando à oferta de produtos saudáveis e de elevado valor nutricional. Existem poucos dados disponíveis sobre leite orgânico na literatura, mas há indicações de que este apresenta maior teor nutritivo quando comparado ao leite produzido em sistema convencional. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar a composição físico-química, o perfil de ácidos graxos e ácido linoléico conjugado (CLA) em leites pasteurizados integrais oriundos de agricultura orgânica brasileira. Os leites orgânicos foram analisados durante o período de doze meses e os resultados comparados com aqueles obtidos de leites pasteurizados integrais provenientes de sistemas convencionais. A sazonalidade e o manejo dos animais afetaram a composição química dos leites estudados no período de doze meses. Os teores de proteína foram maiores em leite orgânico, porém tendência inversa foi observada nos níveis de gordura. Os principais ácidos graxos do leite não apresentaram diferenças significativas durante as estações do ano e entres os leites. Entretanto, foi verificado maior teor de CLA em leites orgânicos (2,8 vezes maior que em leite convencional), provavelmente devido à dieta dos animais. %0 Generic %A Fávero, Claudenir %A Lovo, Ivana Cristina %A Mendonça, Eduardo de Sá %D 2008 %F orgprints:20074 %K Agroecologia, Regeneração natural e sucessão de espécies, Agroecology, Natural regeneration and species succession Agrovoc code: 92381 Agrooecology, 330982 Agroforestry systems %N 5 %P 861-868 %T Recuperação de área degradada com sistema agroflorestal no Vale do Rio Doce, Minas Gerais. %U http://orgprints.org/20074/ %V 32 %X O Vale do Rio Doce, MG, apresenta um histórico de ocupação e uso do solo que favorece a degradação ambiental, em que predominam pastagens sob o uso constante de queimadas. Os sistemas agroflorestais têm se mostrado eficientes na recuperação de áreas degradadas. Neste estudo foram avaliados os efeitos de um sistema agroflorestal na recuperação do solo em área degradada por pastagem na comunidade de Ilha Funda,Município de Periquito, Minas Gerais. A implantação do sistema se deu em 1994 e está sendo conduzido segundo os princípios agroecológicos, potencializando a regeneração natural e a sucessão de espécies. Em 1998, foram coletadas amostras de solo na área em recuperação e em duas áreas adjacentes: uma área degradada, que se encontrava em condições semelhantes às da área em recuperação no início do processo, e outra ocupada por pastagem. Foram determinados atributos químicos do solo e realizada a caracterização da matéria orgânica. O solo da área em recuperação com sistema agroflorestal mostrou-se em melhores condições do que o solo sob pastagem e o da área degradada, apresentando maior dinâmica do carbono orgânico e maior disponibilidade de nutrientes. Embora o teor de carbono orgânico total apresentado pelo solo sob pastagem tenha sido maior que nas demais condições avaliadas, o solo do sistema agroflorestal já está se igualando ao da pastagem no acúmulo das formas mais estáveis de carbono e apresentando maior dinâmica das frações orgânicas menos estáveis. Este estudo comprovou a eficiência dos sistemas agroflorestais, conduzidos segundo os princípios agroecológicos, na recuperação de áreas degradadas. %0 Conference Paper %A Ferrante, Dr Valentina %A Baroli, Dr Daniela %A Lolli, Dr Susanna %A Di Mauro, Dr Francesca %D 2008 %F orgprints:12007 %K organic poultry, broilers, behaviour production, reactivity %T Broilers welfare, health and production in organic and conventional systems. %U http://orgprints.org/12007/ %X Animal welfare, product quality and organic or niche production system rise to more and more interest. Organic farming has grown rapidly in European and Italian agriculture during the last decade. The aim of the trial was to compare five organic and five conventional broiler farms from the productive, health and behavioural point of view. The productive performance showed that conventional broilers (CB) consumed significantly less feed then organic broilers (OB) and the first got a better FCR.. These different figures could be due to the different environment and life style. OB are more exposed to natural climate, they can move much more and then they increase feed consumption and FCR become worsen. The different age at slaughter determined the significant difference observed for the final body weight of 2.943±0.2 CB vs 4.486±0.2 of OB (P=0.0003). The same trend was observed for carcass and chest weight. The first weighed 3.530±0.2 g for CB vs 4.410±0.2 for OB (P=0.01) and the second 2.450±0.15 for CB and 3.150±0.15 for OB (P= 0.01). The mortality was similar and the main cause was SDS related to genetic factors. From the behavioural point of view the result might indicate that less intensive farming and the presence of an enriched environment, as in organic farming, seems to promote a better adaptation of animals, both to the environment and to man presence, ensuring better welfare conditions. %0 Generic %A Finatto, Roberto Antônio %A Salamoni, Giancarla %D 2008 %F orgprints:20090 %K Agricultura familiar, Agroecologia, Desenvolvimento rural sustentável, Family agriculture, Agroecology, Sustainable rural development Agrovoc code: 92381 Agroecology, 14343 Smallholders, 35332 Sustainable development %N 2 %P 199-217 %T Agricultura familiar e agroecologia: perfil da produção de base agroecológica do município de Pelotas/RS. %U http://orgprints.org/20090/ %V 20 %X O segmento da agricultura familiar apresenta características específicas na sua organização, como a utilização de mão-de-obra familiar, menor dimensão territorial da unidade produtiva e a lógica ou racionalidade camponesa está voltada em atender as demandas da própria família e não, de imediato, as necessidades do mercado. Estes são alguns dos traços que permitiram sua reprodução ao longo do processo de desenvolvimento capitalista. Por outro lado, estas características representam a possibilidade de transição de um modelo de agricultura convencional, pautado no excessivo uso dos recursos naturais não-renováveis, para um sistema de produção agroecológico, que tem como base os pilares da sustentabilidade (ecológica, econômica, social, cultural, espacial/geográfica). A agroecologia pretende, assim, restabelecer as relações harmônicas entre o homem e seu espaço natural, minimizando o impacto das atividades agrícolas no ambiente e ampliando os benefícios da agricultura para além do espaço rural. Desta forma, este trabalho, pretende traçar um perfil da produção de base agroecológica no município de Pelotas/RS, fazendo uma caracterização geral da mesma, identificando sua situação e importância enquanto estratégia produtiva para os agricultores familiares do município. %0 Conference Paper %A Fischer-Arndt, Meike %A Neuhoff, Dr. Daniel %A Köpke, Prof. Ulrich %D 2008 %F orgprints:12547 %K food quality, weed control, vegetable production, microbiology, farm yard manure %T Effects of weed management strategies on quality and enteric pathogen contamination of organic lettuce %U http://orgprints.org/12547/ %X Quality requirements for raw edible produce like lettuces include nutritional value and hygienic quality. Organic lettuce is often considered to cause a potential health risk for immunocompromised individuals due to assumed pathogen transfer from organically manured soils into lettuce heads (Lactuca sativa, var. capitata). The effect of different weed management strategies (rotary tiller, mouldboard plough combined with flame weeding, plastic mulch and straw layer, resp.) on pathogen transfer from fresh and composted farm yard manure were assessed in four field experiments in 2006 and 2007. Results gave no hint on any pathogen transfer given by the assumed pathways (contaminated soil particles transported by mechanical tools and/or splash effect of rain drops). Nitrate contents in lettuce were low ranging from 269 mg/kg to 828 mg/kg in fresh matter respectively. A new method for measuring leaf tissue firmness is being developed by using an artificial denture. Substantial negative effects of manure on lettuce quality were not recorded. %0 Conference Paper %A Fitzgerald, J. %A Cross, J. %A Berrie, A. %A Cubison, S. %D 2008 %E Boos, Markus %F orgprints:13682 %K apple, Venturia inaequalis, Podosphaera leucotricha, Dysaphis plantaginea, susceptibility %P 213-215 %T An assessment of apple varieties for their suitability in organic production systems %U http://orgprints.org/13682/ %X Twenty seven varieties of apple were assessed for their susceptibility to apple scab, mildew and rosy apple aphid in a replicated experiment at East Malling Research. The varieties most affected by mildew were Goldrush, DL11, Liberty, Bohemia and Pinova. Ceeval, Discovery, Edward VII, Howgate Wonder, Rajka, Rebella and Topaz had the lowest incidences of mildew. The highest incidence of scab occurred on Pilot and Pinova, but infestation was low throughout the assessment period. In 2006 when aphid populations were high, Liberty, Goldrush and Delorina had no aphid infestations, and low infestations were seen on Edward VII, Resi and Santana. %0 Generic %A Fliessbach, Andreas %A Schmid, Heinz %A Niggli, Urs %D 2008 %F orgprints:13031 %I Stiftung Ökologie und Landbau %K Anbautechnik einjährige Kulturen, Bodenfruchtbarkeit, DOK, Kommunikation, Zeitschriften, Ökologie & Landbau, Emmission, Klimaerwärmung, ökologischer Landbau %N 1/2008 %P 17-19 %T Die Vorteile des Öko-Landbaus für das Klima %U http://orgprints.org/13031/ %X Die Landwirtschaft ist durch die Produktion von Kohlendioxid, Lachgas und Methan mitverantwortlich für die Klimaerwärmung. Humusreiche Bio-Böden können das Klima jedoch entlasten. %0 Conference Paper %A Fonseca, Maria Fernanda %A Wilkinson, John %A Egelyng, Henrik %A Mascarenhas, Gilberto %D 2008 %F orgprints:12356 %K standards and regulations, conformity assessment mechanisms, organic agriculture and fair trade, economy of conventions, social network analysis %P 368-369 %T The institutionalization of Participatory Guarantee Systems (PGS) in Brazil: organic and fair trade initiatives %U http://orgprints.org/12356/ %V Vol. 2 %X Since the nineties the Brazilian organic movements have been looking for alternatives to certification. They have argued that in and of itself or alone certification of family farms and small enterprise is not enough to promote either the learning processes associated with organic production or stimulate development of the local market. The discussion on a Brazilian System for Fair Trade began in 2004, and PGS were considered helpful for organizing farmers, providing guarantees and improving the market. In 2007, a draft of PGS regulation for use in organic was elaborated. The same actors who helped build the Organic System are also discussing Fair Trade System. With the help of public resources, NGOs and family farmers have established systems that provide credibility to consumers with regard to organic qualities and fair trade criteria. The use of PGS is a trend for family farmers trying to access quality markets and also helps participatory research. To some, one perceived challenge is to integrate the two policies (organic and fair trade) since the target publics are similar and the international cooperation agencies give support to both. However, current international initiatives for regulating PGS do not take into account the position of local movements. In the nineties a strategy blind to such a weakness split the organic movements in Latin America and it is unlikely that a similar strategy will promote harmonization or equivalence in the future. %0 Generic %A Fonseca, Renata Borchetta Fernandes %A Carvalho, Lucia Maria Jaeger de %A Rangel, Carolina Netto %A Bizzo, Humberto Ribeiro %D 2008 %F orgprints:20413 %K Citrus, Beverages, Analysis, Organic agriculture, Frutos cítricos, Bebidas, Análises, Agricultura orgânica Agrovoc code: 15911 Organic agriculture, 1641 Citrus fruits, 896 Beverages, 49928 Analysis %P 166-169 %T Microfibers for juice analysis by solid-phase microextraction. %U http://orgprints.org/20413/ %V 28 %X In view of the interest in analyzing volatile compounds by SPME, the following five microfibers were tested, polydimethylsiloxane; polyacrylate; polydimethylsiloxane/divinylbenzene; carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane, and carbowax/divinylbenzene, to select the one which presents the best performance for the adsorption of the volatile compounds present in the headspace of acid lime juice samples. Sample stabilization time variations (30 and 60 minutes) were assessed as well the addition of NaCl to the samples. It was verified that the chromatogram with the most adsorbed volatile compounds was obtained with PDMS/DVB microfiber at 30 minutes and the addition of 0.2 g NaCl. %0 Conference Paper %A Fontaine, Laurence %A Rolland, Bernard %A Bernicot, Marie-Hélène %D 2008 %F orgprints:12262 %K variety, winter wheat, breeding, screening, organic farming %T Contribution to organic breeding programmes of wheat variety testing in organic farming in France %U http://orgprints.org/12262/ %X Bread winter wheat is one of the most important cash crops for French organic farmers. Nevertheless, most of varieties available on the market were bred for conventional farming systems (with high inputs of mineral fertilizers and chemicals for crop defense). In order to obtain correct levels of yield and quality, it is important i) to screen current varieties to find the best suited for organic conditions, and ii) to rapidly obtain suitable varieties that are specifically bred for organic farming conditions. Bread wheat variety trials under organic conditions have been coordinated since the year 2001, to centralize and evaluate results at national level. The ringtest not only aims to compare varieties, but also to support organic breeding, as it provides an opportunity to evaluate the ability of advanced lines bred for organic farming to meet the needs of farmers and millers for agronomic and quality traits. Trials are also used to study specific traits required for organic farming (such as weed competitiveness), so that they can become selection criteria in specific breeding programmes. In addition, protocols and results obtained in variety trials in organic farming give information to discuss about possibility of low input VCU testing (Value for Cultivation or Use). %0 Conference Paper %A FONTANELLI, DR. M. %A FRASCONI, DR. C. %A LULLI, DR. L. %A ANTICHI, DR. D. %A BIGONGIALI, DR. F. %A CARLESI, DR. S. %A BARBERI, PROF. P. %A PERUZZI, PROF. A. %D 2008 %F orgprints:12315 %K physical weed control, operative machines, vegetable crop rotation, fresh market spinach, biodegradable plastic mulch %T Innovative crop and weed management strategies in organic spinach: machine performances and cultivation costs %U http://orgprints.org/12315/ %X Weed competition is one of the most serious problems in vegetable crops. Physical and cultural methods represent the only adoptable solutions in organic farming systems. A two-year (2006-08) on-farm research is being carried out to test innovative operative machines for physical weed control on a typical vegetable crop sequence in the Arno Valley (Pisa, Italy). In this work we present the first results, obtained on organic fresh market spinach (Spinacia oleracea). The new strategy is compared with the standard crop and weed management system, characterised by the use of biodegradable maize starch mulch, and with a system in which the use of improved physical methods is coupled with the use of a subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum) living mulch. Performances of the operative machines, labour time requirement and cultivation costs of the three crop and weed management systems are reported. The two innovative strategies showed interesting results, determining effective weed control and a significant reduction of costs for working and hand labour (-70%). %0 Generic %A Frederiksen, Pia %A Langer, Vibeke %D 2008 %F orgprints:7890 %I InderScience %K Diversity, pluriactivity, organic farming, Denmark, resource use, rural development, part-time farming %N 1-2 %P 96-109 %T Patterns of resource use on Danish organic farms - aspects of farm based rural development %U http://orgprints.org/7890/ %V 7 %X With changing societal goals for the rural areas, the question what role organic farming may play in rural development arises. Based on interviews with 10% of Danish organic farms, we explore which types of organic farms exist in terms of resources used for agricultural activity, what role do other types of income activities play and how are the different strategies co-existing or complementing eachother. Based on resource use on organic farms by farmer and spouse, less than half of the farms can be characterzed as full-time farms, with part-time farms making up one third and hobby farms 17%. More than half of the organic farms are managed by a farmer with the main income from off-farm work, and half of the farms engage in Other Farm-based Activities (OFAs). Direct marketing is the single most frequent OFA, whereas OFAs with no link to agriculture is the most frequent group. Engagement in OFAs seem to be coexisting with expansion in farmed area. This increasing diversity in farm households presents a challenge to rural development policies. %0 Conference Paper %A Fretté, Xavier C %D 2008 %F orgprints:14667 %K fatty acid, CLA, grazing, milk, Holstein and Jersey cows %T Effect of grazing white clover pasture on milk composition of Holstein and Jersey cows %U http://orgprints.org/14667/ %X Abstract: Because of its high saturated fatty acid (FA) content milk fat is considered hypercholesterolemic (Ulbricht and Southgate, 1991). Intake of unsaturated FA (UFA) reduces the plasma cholesterol concentrations (Fernandez and West, 2005). Especially conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) have shown positive effects on cardiovascular diseases (Valeille et al., 2004), prevention of cancer (Ip et al., 1994) and obesity (Park et al., 1997). The aim of our project was to investigate how grazing could enhance the content of these beneficiary FA in milk from Holstein and Jersey cows. For both types of cow races we observed no direct effect of increased grazing in the diet on the short chain FA (SCFA) content in milk, implying that the de novo synthesis of these FA remained unaffected. Regarding the content of CLA c9,t11 there was a strong positive effect on Holstein milk (R2 = 0.88), but almost none on Jersey milk when the percentage of grazing increases in the diet, thus suggesting that the mammary gland 9-desaturase activities of these two cow races react differently to increasing pasture grazing. %0 Conference Paper %A Fretté, Xavier C %D 2008 %F orgprints:14668 %T Effect of grazing white clover pasture on milk composition of Holstein and Jersey cows %U http://orgprints.org/14668/ %X Because of its high saturated fatty acid (FA) content milk fat is considered hypercholesterolemic (Ulbricht and Southgate, 1991). Intake of unsaturated FA (UFA) reduces the plasma cholesterol concentrations (Fernandez and West, 2005). Especially conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) have shown positive effects on cardiovascular diseases (Valeille et al., 2004), prevention of cancer (Ip et al., 1994) and obesity (Park et al., 1997). The aim of our project was to investigate how grazing could enhance the content of these beneficiary FA in milk from Holstein and Jersey cows. For both types of cow races we observed no direct effect of increased grazing in the diet on the short chain FA (SCFA) content in milk, implying that the de novo synthesis of these FA remained unaffected. Regarding the content of CLA c9,t11 there was a strong positive effect on Holstein milk (R2 = 0.88), but almost none on Jersey milk when the percentage of grazing increases in the diet, thus suggesting that the mammary gland 9-desaturase activities of these two cow races react differently to increasing pasture grazing. %0 Generic %A Fretté, Xavier C %A Sørensen, John %A Nielsen, Jacob H %D 2008 %F orgprints:14669 %I Kvægbrugets Forsøgscenter og Aarhus Universitet, Det Jorbrugsvidenskabelige Fakultet i samarbejde med Dansk Kvæg %N 1 %P 2 %T Græsmarksafgrødernes sammensætning – en kompleks sag %U http://orgprints.org/14669/ %X Ønsker man at producere mælk med en given sammensætning, er det vigtigt både at fokusere på anvendelsen af forskellige græssorter samt at have fokus på planternes udviklingstrin. %0 Generic %A Fretté, Xavier C. %A Kristensen, Troels %A Eriksen, Jørgen %A Søegaard, Karen %A Sørensen, John %A Nielsen, Jacob H. %D 2008 %F orgprints:14796 %T Effect of Herbage on Milk Composition %U http://orgprints.org/14796/ %X A grazing study was performed in 2006 over three two-week periods in May, June and August at the organic research station Rugballegaard, Denmark, where a herd of 48 Holstein dairy cows was split into four groups of 12 cows. Each group grazed one of four swards: 1) lucerne, 2) red clover, 3) white clover and 4) white clover with chicory, all four in mixture with perennial ryegrass. Milk and grass samples were analyzed to study the effect of each sward type on milk composition as well as seasonal variations. %0 Conference Paper %A Freyer, B. %D 2008 %F orgprints:12114 %K conventionalisation, differentiation, IFOAM-principles, organic agriculture, values %T The Differentiation Process in Organic Agriculture (OA) – between Capitalistic Market System and IFOAM Principles %U http://orgprints.org/12114/ %X The organic food chain is in a differentiation process, in between of external (society and conventional agriculture) and internal driving forces (IFOAM principles). Seven external tension fields were identified, which affected the differentiation process. One of the most important internal driving forces was the development out of the four IFOAM principles. It is recommended to address all stakeholders in the organic movement and to identify possibilities for transferring aspects of the IFOAM principles into standards/ guidelines. Furthermore, it is necessary to intensify the network with key societal players. %0 Conference Paper %A Freyer, B. %D 2008 %F orgprints:12121 %K ethic, IFOAM-principles, organic agriculture, values %T IFOAM principles in the light of different ethical concepts %U http://orgprints.org/12121/ %X The IFOAM principles of health, ecology, fairness and care are a product of debates on ethical values done by the organic movement from the last years. The paper discusses how the values are embedded and linked with ethical concepts. Furthermore, the question of how to transfer these values into practice is reflected. %0 Conference Paper %A Freyer, B. %A Haberkorn, A. %D 2008 %F orgprints:12130 %K attitudes, organic food consumption patterns, children, morphologic interview %T Influence of Young Children (3-6 years) on Organic Food Consumption in their Families %U http://orgprints.org/12130/ %X Our interest was to analyse families with young children (3-6 years) to understand their consumption patterns of organic foods. To understand the influence of children on organic food consumption, as well as the role and impact of kindergarten, we studied the attitudes, habits and behaviour of 24 mothers and one couple through qualitative interviews. We found that children positively influence the consumption of organic food in the families, and that organic foods served in kindergartens is highly accepted by the parents. Five consumer types were identified based on the criteria of motivation, knowledge and economic aspects. Three conflict fields influencing the decision making process for organic food. Consumption of organic products is not a linear development process but can change in different life periods. %0 Conference Paper %A Freyer, B. %A Weik, S. %D 2008 %F orgprints:14832 %K greenhouse-gas emissions, CO2-equivalents, organic farming, nutrition patters, scenarios %T Impact of different Agricultural Systems and Patterns of Consumption on Greenhouse-Gas Emissions in Austria %U http://orgprints.org/14832/ %X Agricultural systems as well as consumer patterns influence the green house gas emissions. Therefore, we analysed different farming systems, consumption patterns and seasonal oriented food consumption. Whereas conventional production and the current meat oriented nutrition patterns lead to high green house gas emissions, there is a tremendous reduction potential, if products are organically produced and if there is a shift to vegetarian-based diets.. Nevertheless, there is a need for research in terms of data quality, and a differentiation of farming systems as well as nutrition patterns. %0 Conference Paper %A Friedel, Jürgen K. %A Gollner, Manfred %A Hrbek, Regina %A Jakupaj, Shpresa %A Flamm, Clemens %A Oberforster, M. %A Zechner, E. %A Kinastberger, A. %A Löschenberger, F. %D 2008 %F orgprints:11892 %K Arbuscular mycorrhiza, root colonisation, root length density, plant morphology, drought tolerance %T Mycorrhization of winter wheat cultivars in organic farming %U http://orgprints.org/11892/ %X The root length density, arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) colonisation and the total AM root length density of 12 winter wheat cultivars have been studied at seven sites in eastern Austria under organic farming. Root length density did not differ between the cultivars whereas AM colonisation and total AM root density did. Site effects were more pronounced than cultivar effects. All three traits generally were on a higher level in calcaric Phaeozems than in Cambisols. The AM colonisation and total AM root density decreased with increasing plant height and were positively correlated with crop yield. On calcaric Phaeozems, root length density in the subsoil was obviously more important for drought tolerance than AM colonisation in the topsoil. %0 Conference Paper %A Fritsch, E. %A Undorf-Spahn, K. %A Huber, J. %A Kienzle, J. %D 2008 %E Boos, Markus %F orgprints:13704 %K Plant protection, codling moth granulovirus, Cydia pomonella, tank mixture, virus inactivation %P 252-255 %T Impact of different Agents on the Efficacy of Codling Moth Granulovirus in Tank Mixtures %U http://orgprints.org/13704/ %X In the control of codling moth it is common to combine the granulovirus with other agents, especially fungicides, in spray application. Therefore the knowledge about the influence of these agents on the efficacy of the virus in tank mix is very important. Studies on this subject were part of a project supported by BMELV (German Federal Ministry for Food, Agriculture and Consumer protection) at the Institute for Biological Control of JKI in Darmstadt. The granulovirus of Cydia pomonella (L.) (CpGV) was mixed with 10 different agents at concentrations as applied in the field. After the exposure the virus activity was calculated from larval mortality determined in bioassays with neonates of a susceptible codling moth strain. Only two agents with a pH of 11 (sodium silicate (water glass) and calcium polysulfide (lime sulphur)) reduced the virulence of CpGV significantly. %0 Conference Paper %A Früh, B %A Hagmueller, W %A Aubel, E %A Simantke, C %A Schwarz, P %A Baumgartner, J %D 2008 %F orgprints:12079 %K organic farming, pig production, lactating sows, group housing, animal health, BÖL, BOEL, FKZ 03OE379 %T Group suckling in organic sow units %U http://orgprints.org/12079/ %X Group suckling - a combined system of single and group housing of lactating sows - appears a suitable system for organic pig production. The aim of the study was to describe the status quo of group suckling in organic farms. 31 organic sow units in Germany, Austria and Switzerland were investigated. Stockmen were interviewed, stables were inspected and animals were examined during three visits on each farm enterprise, respectively. The majority of farms kept three sows with piglets in one group suckling unit. 76 % of the group suckling sows (n=192) were in a good nutritional condition, 18 % were considered thin and 8 % of sows were too fat. Relatively few sows showed skin lesions caused by poor housing conditions. Only 18 of 203 sows behaved anxiously or aggressively. On average 9.1 piglets per sow and litter were weaned. Amongst the investigated farms, none was optimally managed. However, no plausible correlations between biological performance, animal health, human-animal relationship on the one hand and farm-specific production conditions (housing, management, feeding, watering) on the other hand were determined. It can therefore be deduced that the “success” or “failure” of the study farms can be attributed to the interaction of different factors rather than to individual production factors. %0 Conference Paper %A Früh, B. %A Hagmüller, W. %A Aubel, E. %A Simantke, C. %A Schwarz, P. %A Baumgartner, J. %D 2008 %F orgprints:13271 %K Beratung, pig production, lactating sows, group housing, animal health, organic farming, BÖL, BOEL, FKZ 03OE379 %T Group suckling in organic sow units %U http://orgprints.org/13271/ %X Group suckling - a combined system of single and group housing of lactating sows - appears a suitable system for organic pig production. The aim of the study was to describe the status quo of group suckling in organic farms. 31 organic sow units in Germany, Austria and Switzerland were investigated. Stockmen were interviewed, stables were inspected and animals were examined during three visits on each farm enterprise, respectively. The majority of farms kept three sows with piglets in one group suckling unit. 76 % of the group suckling sows (n=192) were in a good nutritional condition, 18 % were considered thin and 8 % of sows were too fat. Relatively few sows showed skin lesions caused by poor housing conditions. Only 18 of 203 sows behaved anxiously or aggressively. On average 9.1 piglets per sow and litter were weaned. Amongst the investigated farms, none was optimally managed. However, no plausible correlations between biological performance, animal health, human-animal relationship on the one hand and farm-specific production conditions (housing, management, feeding, watering) on the other hand were determined. It can therefore be deduced that the “success” or “failure” of the study farms can be attributed to the interaction of different factors rather than to individual production factors. %0 Generic %A Früh, Barbara %D 2008 %F orgprints:13312 %K Bildung, Beratung, Ebermast, Silberdistel, tierfreundlich, Kastration %N 1/08 %P 4-7 %T Ebermast: Silberdistel lässt Ferkel unversehrt %U http://orgprints.org/13312/ %X 1,3 Millionen männliche Ferkel werden jährlich in der Schweiz kastriert – ohne Betäubung. Weil 5 bis 10 Prozent von ihnen den unangenehmen Ebergeruch entwickeln, der den Konsumierenden den Appetit verdirbt. Alternativen sind im Gespräch (vgl. bioaktuell 9/07, Seiten 12/13), die tierfreundlichste ist zweifellos die Ebermast. Die Brüder Cäsar und Oliver Bürgi haben einen Weg gefunden. %0 Book %A Früh, Barbara %A Klocke, Peter %A Maeschli, Ariane %A Maurer, Veronika %B FiBL-Merkblatt %C CH-Frick %D 2008 %E FiBL, %E Bio Suisse, %F orgprints:18047 %I Forschungsinstitut für biologischen Landbau (FiBL) %K Blauzungenkrankheit, hochansteckende Tierseuche, Stechmücke, Tiergesundheit, Tierzucht und Tierhaltung, Rinder, Schafe %T Blauzungenkrankheit %U http://orgprints.org/18047/ %X Die Blauzungenkrankheit ist eine hochansteckende Tierseuche. Sie befällt vor allem Schafe und Rinder. Es steht im Moment noch kein Impfstoff zur Verfügung. Überträgerin der Krankheit ist eine Stechmücke. Bei der vorbeugenden Bekämpfung geht es somit darum, Mückenstiche möglichst zu verhindern. Das Merkblatt zeigt wie. %0 Conference Paper %A Frøseth, Randi Berland %A Hansen, Sissel %A Bakken, Anne Kjersti %D 2008 %E Neuhoff, Daniel %E Halberg, Niels %E Alföldi, Thomas %E Lockeretz, William %E Thommen, Andreas %E Rasmussen, Ilse A %E Hermansen, John %E Vaarst, Mette %E Lueck, Lorna %E Caporali, Fabio %E Jensen, Henning Hogh %E Migliorini, Paola %E Willer, Helga %F orgprints:14240 %I International Society of Organic Agriculture Research (ISOFAR), University of Bonn %K cereals, plant residue, N recovery, soil N, ØKOKORNSIP %P 388-391 %T Contribution of N from frequently chopped green manure to a succeeding crop of barley %U http://orgprints.org/14240/ %V 1 %X The aim of the present work was to study to what extent N in mulched green manure herbage contributes to spring barley grain yield the subsequent year. The green manure herbage was either chopped and left on stubble (GML) or removed (GMR). On silty clay loam with spring incorporated green manure the subsequent barley grain yield was 10% higher with GML than with GMR. The additional grain N yield of 4 kg ha-1 with GML corresponded to only 3 % of N in above-ground green manure biomass. On loamy soil with late autumn incorporated green manure the treatments did not affect the grain yield the subsequent year. How large part of the N that was lost through leaching or gaseous emissions and how large part that was built into soil organic matter was not measured. However, this investigation confirms that potential N losses from mowed green manure might be large. Alternative ways of using the herbage should be found. %0 Generic %A Fuchs, Jacques %C A-Linz %D 2008 %F orgprints:18011 %I ARGE Kompost & Biogas Österreich %K Kompost, Gärgut, Bodenwissenschaften, Bodenfruchtbarkeit, Planzengesundheit, Umwelt, Phytopathologie, Interaktion Boden-Pflanzenkrankheiten, Grundlagen Pathologie Kompost, %N 2 %P 28-30 %T Wirkung von Kompost und Gärrückstand auf den Boden %U http://orgprints.org/18011/ %X Im rahmen des BAFU-Projektes "Wirkung von Komposten und Gärgut auf die Umwelt, die Bodenfruchtbarkeit und die Planzengesundheit" wurde, neben der detaillierten Charakterisierung von 100 repräsentativen Komposten und Gärgut aus der Schweiz, der mittelfristige Einfluss von Kompost und Gärgut auf die Bodeneigenschaften in zwei Feldversuche untersucht. Im speziellen wurden dabei die Auswirkung der verschiedenen Produkte auf die Stickstoffverfügbarkeit und die biologische Bodenaktivität untersucht. %0 Generic %A Fuchs, Jacques G. %C CH-Winterthur %D 2008 %F orgprints:17971 %I Verlag LANDI-Medien %K Alternative Dünger, Mineraldünger, Bodenwissenschaften, Bodenfruchtbarkeit, Kompost, Gärgut %N 11 %P 44-45 %T Alternative Dünger im Aufwind %U http://orgprints.org/17971/ %X Mit den steigenden Preisen für Mineraldünger hat das Interesse an Kompost und Gärgut zugenommen. Neben der Nährstoffversorgung der Pflanzen verbessern diese alternativen Dünger die Bodenstruktur und den pH-Wert. Besonders in Spezialkulturen fördern sie die Pflanzengesundheit. Eine Stickstoffblockade lässt sich in Risikofällen durch eine geringe Ergänzungsdüngung verhindern. %0 Conference Paper %A Fuchs, Jacques G. %D 2008 %F orgprints:17966 %K Bodengesundung, Bodenwissenschaften, Bodenfruchtbarkeit, Kompost, Biofumigation, Mikroorganismen, Phytopathologie, Interaktion Boden-Pflanzenkrankheiten, Kompostqualität %T Bodengesundung mit Kompost, Biofumigation und Mikroorganismen %U http://orgprints.org/17966/ %X Der Boden ist ein komplexes, lebendiges Wesen. Die verschiedenen Bodeneigenschaften beeinflussen direkt und indirekt seine Fruchtbarkeit: Struktur, Luft- und Wasserhaushalt, Nährstoffgehalte und –verfügbarkeit, pH, Salzgehalt, Humusgehalt und –qualität, biologische Aktivität, … Dabei interagieren die Bodenparameter stark miteinander und die Veränderung eines Parameters, zum Beispiel der Nährstoffgehalt, kann auch alle anderen Parameter verändern, sodass ein Dominoeffekt entstehen kann. Darum muss uns immer bewusst sein, dass jede unserer Aktionen, wie zum Beispiel eine Düngung, das ganze Bodengleichgewicht beeinflusst. In Bezug auf die Bodenfruchtbarkeit spielen die Mikroorganismen eine zentrale Rolle. Sie beeinflussen direkt und indirekt die Pflanzengesundheit, und zwar positiv wie auch negativ. Ein positives biologisches Gleichgewicht ist für das Pflanzenwachstum von erster Bedeutung. Dieses Gleichgewicht wird durch die Kulturmassnahmen stark beeinflusst. Meistens wird beobachtet, dass die Intensivierung der Produktion ein unstabiles Gleichgewicht mit sich bringt. Durch gezielte, fachgerechte Zugaben von Mikroorganismen oder von hochwertigem Kompost kann nachgeholfen werden, dieses biologische Gleichgewicht und somit die Bodenfruchtbarkeit zu erhöhen beziehungsweise zu sichern. %0 Generic %A Fuchs, Jacques G. %C CH-Zürich %D 2008 %F orgprints:17973 %I JardinSuisse, der Unternehmerverband Gärtner Schweiz %K Boden, mineralische substanz, organische Substanz, Humus, lebenden Organismen, Bodenwissenschaften, Bodenfruchtbarkeit, Kompost %N 10 %P 4-5 %T Der Boden, ein lebendiges Wesen %U http://orgprints.org/17973/ %X Der Boden ist ein sehr komplexes Wesen. Er enthält 85 bis 95 Prozent mineralische und 5 bis 15 Prozent organische Substanz, bestehend aus Humus, lebenden und toten Organismen. Die lebenden Organismen mit ihrem Anteil von nur wenigen Prozent sind hauptverantwortlich für die Bodenfruchtbarkeit. %0 Generic %A Fuchs, Jacques G. %C CH-Winterthur %D 2008 %F orgprints:17972 %I Verlag LANDI-Medien %K Engrais, résidus de méthanisation, engrais minéraux, compost, activité biologique, Bodenwissenschaften, Bodenfruchtbarkeit, Kompost %N 11 %P 44-45 %T Plus que des engrais %U http://orgprints.org/17972/ %X COMPOSTS ET RÉSIDUS DE MÉTHANISATION Compte tenu de l'augmentation du prix des engrais minéraux, il se manifeste un intérêt croissant pour les composts et les résidus de méthanisation. En plus de leur effet nutritif, ces produits de substitution stimulent l'activité biologique dans le sol et peuvent exercer une action favorable sur le pH. %0 Conference Paper %A Fuchs, Jacques G. %A Baier, Urs %A Berner, Alfred %A Mayer, Jochen %A Schleiss, Konrad %D 2008 %F orgprints:17981 %K composts, digestates, soil fertility, plant health, Swiss, organic matter, nutrient, Bodenwissenschaften, Bodenfruchtbarkeit, Kompost, Phytopathologie, Interaktion Boden-Pflanzenkrankheiten, Grundlagen Pathologie Kompost %T Effects of digestate on the environment and on plant production - results of a research project %U http://orgprints.org/17981/ %X Composts and digestates can influence soil fertility and plant health. These influences can be positive or negative, depending of the quality of the composts. A currently important question is to know, if digestates differ from composts in these aspects. A Swiss project is concerned with the estimation of the potential of Swiss composts and digestates to influence soil fertility and plant health positively. For this, one hundred composts and digestates representative of the different composting systems and qualities available on the Swiss market were analyzed. The organic matter and nutrient content of the composts varied greatly between the composts and the digestates; the materials of origin were the major factor influencing these values. The respiration rate and enzyme activities also varied greatly; they are particularly important in digestates. The organic matter of digestates is less stable than that of composts. The N-mineralization potential from the majority of the digestates added to soil is high, in comparison to young composts. When digestates are not correctly treated or stored, however, they can immobilize nitrogen in the soil. This problem is hardly correlated with the management of the digestate in the first stage after leaving the fermenter. Especially products which have become too dry during this period lost their ammonia-nitrogen, and hence immobilized nitrogen in the soil. The risk of phytotoxicity is higher in digestates than in composts. This limits the possibility for use of digestate. With a post-treatment of digestate, it is possible to produce high quality compost with a high compatibility with plant growth and with a more stabilized organic matter. In field experiments, digestates increased the pH-value and the biological activity of soil to the same extent than composts. These effects were observable also one season after compost application. No immobilization of nitrogen was observed. %0 Generic %A Fuchs, Jacques G. %A Berner, Alfred %A Mayer, Jochen %A Schleiss, Konrad %D 2008 %F orgprints:14198 %K Pflanzenschutz, Pflanzenkrankheiten, Interaktion Boden-Pflanzenkrankheiten, Grundlagen Pathologie Kompost, Bodenfruchtbarkeit, Pflanzenwachstum, Nitratgehalt, Stickstoff, Phytotoxizität %N 6 %P 276-281 %T Einfluss von Komposten und Gärgut auf die Bodenfruchtbarkeit %U http://orgprints.org/14198/ %V 15 %X Um den Einfluss von Kompost und Gärgut auf die Bodenfruchtbarkeit und auf das Pflanzenwachstum abschätzen zu können wurden hundert, für die Schweiz repräsentative, Proben untersucht. Die Gehalte an Nährstoffen und an Salz waren vom Ausgangsmaterialien abhängig. Die Gehalte an organischer Substanz sowie die Atmungs- und Enzymaktivitäten nahmen mit zunehmender Kompostreife ab. Bei einigen jungen Komposten konnten Stickstoffblockaden beobachtet werden. Der Nitratgehalt im Kompost erlaubt jedoch vorherzusagen, ob eine N-Immobilisierungsgefahr besteht oder nicht. Die Phytotoxizität der Komposte variierte auch bei den reiferen Produkten sehr stark. Dies weist auf die grosse Bedeutung der Rotteführung und der korrekten Lagerung der Produkte hin. Während die Mehrheit der Gurkenpflanzen von Komposten gegen Pythium ultimum geschützt wurden, reduzierten nur wenige Komposte die Inzidenz von Rhizoctonia solani auf Basilikum. Die Art der Reifungsprozesse scheint bei diesem Vorgang eine entscheidende Rolle zu spielen. Im Feldversuche verursachten junge, landwirtschaftliche Komposte deutliche Stickstoffblockaden, was sich negativ auf das Maiswachstum ausgewirkte. Mit einer Zusatzdüngung war es jedoch möglich, diese negativen Effekte zu korrigieren. Gärgut und Komposte zeigten positive Effekte auf pH-Wert und biologische Aktivität im Boden welche auch nach der Maisernte noch deutlich beobachtet werden konnten. %0 Conference Paper %A Fuchs, Jacques G. %A Berner, Alfred %A Mayer, Jochen %A Schleiss, Konrad %A Kupper, Thomas %D 2008 %F orgprints:17982 %K compost, digestate, EU, soil fertility, plant health, Pathologie, Interaktion Boden-Pflanzenkrankheiten, Kompostqualität, Bodenwissenschaften, Bodenfruchtbarkeit, Kompost %T Effects of compost and digestate on environment and plant production – results of two research projects %U http://orgprints.org/17982/ %X A yearly amount of 9.3x106t compost and digestate derived from separately collected organic waste is produced in the 25 European Union member states. The improvement of soil properties is a major benefit of compost application. However, little is known about the occurrence of organic pollutants in compost. In order to estimate the potential of Swiss composts and digestates to influence soil fertility and plant health, one hundred products representative for the different composting systems and qualities available on the Swiss market were analyzed in two research projects. In the first study, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), ortho substituted and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs, DL PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/F), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD), tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), perfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS), pesticides, chlorinated paraffins (CPs), phthalates and nonylphenol (NP) were analyzed. All compound classes were detected except for NP. PFAS, HBCD, TBBPA, some compounds out of PBDEs and pesticides were found in compost and digestate for the first time. Concentrations of most compounds were in the low ppb range. Contents of PAHs were between 600 and 12473 μg/kg dry weight (dw) and contents of HBCD and CPs between 17 and 384 μg/kg dw. Tests with springtails (Folsomia candida) have been shown to be a versatile tool for ecotoxicological assessment. Within these tests, inhibiting and stimulating effects due to compost application were observed. Except for high PAHs contents, no major problem with regard to contamination of compost and digestate was identified. In the second study, the physical, chemical and biological properties of the composts and digestats, and their influence on soil fertility and plant growth, were characterized. The organic substance and the nutrient content of the composts varied largely between the composts with the feedstock materials as major influencing factors. The respiration rate and enzyme activities exhibited large variations as well, particularly in the youngest composts. These differences decreased when the composts became more mature. Maturity, the degradation stage of the organic matter, depended not only on the age of the compost, but also on the management of the process. The N-mineralization potential of compost added to soil showed that a high proportion of young composts immobilized the nitrogen in the soil. Two compost parameters allowed to predict the risk of nitrogen immobilization in soil: the NO3- and the humic acids contents. The phytotoxicity of the composts varied largely even in mature composts, showing that the storage of the compost plays a decisive role. While the majority of composts protected cucumber plants against Pythium ultimum, only a few composts suppressed Rhizoctonia solani in basil. With respect to disease suppression, the management of the maturation process seems to play a major role. In field experiments, some biologically immature composts immobilized nitrogen in soil and reduced growth of maize. With additional fertilization, however, it was possible to compensate this effect. Digestates and composts increased the pH-value and the biological activity of soil. These effects were observable also one maize season after compost application. In conclusion, the management of the composting process seems to influence the biological quality of the composts and digestats to a higher extent than the feedstock materials or the composting system. More attention should be paid to this biological quality, in order to produce composts with more beneficial effects on crops. %0 Conference Paper %A Fuchs, Jacques G. %A Berner, Alfred %A Mayer, Jochen %A Smidt, Ena %A Schleiss, Konrad %D 2008 %E Fuchs, Jacques G. %E Kupper, Thoman %E Tamm, Lucius %E Schenk, Kaarina %F orgprints:17977 %I Research Institute of Organic Agriculture %K compost quality, plant growth, soil fertility, plant health, Bodenwissenschaften, Bodenfruchtbarkeit, Kompost, Phytopathologie, Interaktion Boden-Pflanzenkrankheiten, Kompostqualität, BUWAL %P 101-110 %T Influence of compost and digestates on plant growth and health: potentials and limits %U http://orgprints.org/17977/ %X Composts can influence soil fertility and plant health. These influences can be positive or negative, depending of the quality of the composts. In order to estimate the potential of Swiss composts to influence soil fertility and plant health, one hundred composts representative of the different composting systems and qualities available on the market were analyzed. The organic substance and the nutrient content of the composts varied greatly between the composts; the materials of origin were the major factor influencing these values. The respiration rate and enzyme activities also varied greatly, particularly in the youngest composts. These differences decreased when the composts become more mature. Maturity, the degradation stage of the organic matter, depended not only on the age of the compost, but also on the management of the process. The Nmineralization potential of compost added to soil showed that a high proportion of young composts immobilized the nitrogen in the soil. Two compost parameters allow to predict the risk of nitrogen immobilization in soil: the NO3- and the humic acids contents. The phytotoxicity of the composts varied very much even in mature composts, showing that the storage of the compost plays a decisive role. While the majority of composts protected cucumber plants against Pythium ultimum, only a few composts suppressed Rhizoctonia solani in basil. With respect to disease suppression, the management of the maturation process seems to play a major role. In field experiments, some biologically immature composts immobilized nitrogen in soil and reduced growth of maize. With additional fertilization, however, it was possible to compensate this effect. Digestates and composts increased the pH-value and the biological activity of soil. These effects were observable also one maize season after compost application. In conclusion, big differences were observed in the quality of composts and digestates, and in their impact on soil fertility and plant health. The management of the composting process seems to influence the quality of the composts to a higher extent than the materials of origin or the composting system. More attention should be paid to biological quality of composts, in order to produce composts with more beneficial effects on crops. %0 Conference Paper %A Fuchs, R. %A Rehm, A. %A Salzeder, G. %A Wiesinger, K. %D 2008 %F orgprints:12544 %K underseeds, winter wheat, nitrogen catch crops, winter triticale, legumes %T Effect of undersowing winter wheat with legumes on the yield and quality of subsequent winter triticale crops %U http://orgprints.org/12544/ %X The study presents results of a series of trials investigating the effects of undersowing nitrogen fixing crops (legumes) into winter wheat on the performance of the subsequent crop winter triticale. Trials were carried out between 2003 and 2006 at two sites in southern Bavaria, Germany. All species tested - black medic, birdsfoot trefoil, red clover, white clover and a legume-grass mixture - proved to be suitable. Compared to the “not-undersown” control treatment the undersown N-fixing crops had no statistically significant effect on the yield, protein content and other grain quality characteristics of the winter wheat crop, except for one site where protein yield was significantly higher in one year. There was also no difference in disease incidence between “undersown” and “not-undersown” winter wheat. Depending on the seasonal rainfall pattern the establishment of N-fixing crops in wheat had either a negative or a positive effect on the yield of the subsequent crop of winter triticale. Reductions in yield only occurred in the 03/04 season, which had an extremely dry summer in 2003. In the seasons 04/05 and 05/06, which had a more favourable distribution of annual precipitation, the establish¬ment of certain legume crops increased the yield and protein content of winter triticale; however the effect was not statistically significant for all years and sites. %0 Conference Paper %A Gallandt, Eric %A Molloy, Thomas %D 2008 %F orgprints:12296 %K cropping system; green manure; weed seedbank %T Exploiting weed management benefits of cover crops requires pre-emption of seed rain %U http://orgprints.org/12296/ %X To manage weeds with reduced reliance on, or without herbicides, cropping systems require intervals during which rapid and significant reductions in the germinable portion of the weed seedbank occur or, if already small, management to maintain a low density. Cover cropping systems and component studies have identified single-season cover cropping practices that will lower the density of the germinable weed seedbank, offering an effective means for managing the weed seedbank while maintaining or improving soil health. Specifically, field experiments demonstrated that soil disturbance events associated with cover cropping encouraged germination and seedling establishment thereby reducing the density of germinable seeds in the weed seedbank. Of notable importance, however, are the disturbance events that preempt weed seed rain. If weeds are permitted to reach reproductive maturity in cash or cover crops, the “debits” to the seedbank resulting from early season disturbance will likely be overwhelmed by the resulting seed rain “credits.” %0 Conference Paper %A Galvan, Mr Guillermo %A Burger-Meijer, Mrs Karin %A Kuyper, Prof Dr Thom %A Kik, Dr Chris %A Scholten, Dr Olga E %D 2008 %F orgprints:11844 %K Onion, Allium cepa L., arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, low input farming, Allium fistulosum, Allium roylei %T Possibilities for breeding to improve responsiveness to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in onion %U http://orgprints.org/11844/ %X Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) play an important role in the uptake of nutrients and water from soil. However, some crops, for example onion, Allium cepa L., have a poorly developed root system. As a result, onion plants need a lot of fertiliser for growth, and they are sensitive to drought. The aim of this project is to study the beneficial effects of mycorrhizal fungi on the growth and development of Allium species and to determine whether it is possible to improve onions for mycorrhizal responsiveness by breeding. Variation among Allium species indicated that selection and thus breeding for high responsiveness to AMF is possible. Two years of experiments with genotypes of a population segregating for mycorrhiza responsiveness indicated that increase in dry matter may be a more reliable trait than responsiveness. %0 Conference Paper %A Gambelli, Dr Danilo %A Naspetti, Dr Simona %D 2008 %F orgprints:12306 %K trust-building, laddering, network analysis, consumer behaviour %T Evaluating trust in organic quality marks: a network approach using laddering data %U http://orgprints.org/12306/ %X A low level of information affects trust in organic quality in Italy. Since organic brands and labels credibility, depends on trust relationships that consumers perceive, it is crucial to understand which kind of relations are more relevant and which of them could have a positive or negative effect in the long-term. The purpose of this study is to examine trust relationship related to buying organic products, to better understand the consumer decision-making process and trust-builders inside the organic channel, using an innovative network approach based on laddering analysis. %0 Conference Paper %A Garibay, Salvador %D 2008 %F orgprints:13188 %K Internationale Zusammenarbeit, Organic Market, Retailers, Supermarkets, Latin America %T Organic retailer development in Latin America(general trends) %U http://orgprints.org/13188/ %X Preliminary conclusions: - Supermarkets focus the sale of organic products in the upper class - Consumer arguments: Health as main reason. - Supermarkets sales mostly national organic products but there are a trend to introduce imported organic products from abroad (Mexico, Costa Rica) - Perspectives: increments of the market volumes will continue. %0 Conference Paper %A Garibay, Salvador %A Amador, Manuel %A Castro, Jonathan %A Kilcher, Lukas %D 2008 %F orgprints:13207 %K Internationale Zusammenarbeit, Climate change, developing countries %T Organic agriculture and climate change in developing countries %U http://orgprints.org/13207/ %X Coffee is Nicaragua’s main organic product. There are 13,100 hectares of certified coffee. This area represents 10 percent of the total coffee production of Nicaragua and is managed by approximately 3,500 small producers. 90 percent of the organic coffee is sold for the export market. In Nicaragua a legal framework for organic farming as well as regulations for the development of environmental services payments exist (forest conservation, water management, biodiversity conservation, carbon sequestration). There are also studies on carbon sequestration and carbon emissions in agriculture, forestry and industry. However, there are no investigations relating specifically to organic agriculture and climate change. 2. Background investigation Since 2004, the Costa Rican Corporation for Training and Development CEDECO has been carrying out investigations on organic agriculture and climate change in Costa Rica, Cuba and Brazil. The research consists in comparison between organic and conventional systems in order to define climate relevant parameters. With this aim the project includes a model in which physical, chemical, socio-economical and biological parameters are taken into account as factors that can influence the GHG emissions, carbon sequestration and the energy efficiency of the evaluated cropping systems. Results of the Costa Rican research showed that organic coffee production reduces GHG emissions by 1 ton of carbon equivalent (Ceq) per hectare. If this is multiplied by the certified organic coffee area, we find a total GHG reduction of more than 13 thousand tons Ceq per year. In the voluntary carbon market this can represent approximately 300,000 USD yearly. For the 3,500 smallholder families this could deliver financial resources for projects to improve their livelihoods in their local communities. Moreover, results also show that, on average, organic coffee production needs 95% less total energy per ha than conventional coffee production. This presents further cost savings for the small organic coffee producers. As concerns carbon storage, the organic coffee production system accumulates more organic carbon in deep soil layers than conventional coffee production. Carbon sequestration is a further element that can be used as a parameter for environmental services. 3. Assessment and improvement of climate relevant techniques in organic coffee production Based on the above findings, CEDECO/UNA/FiBL proposes assessing and improving climate relevant techniques in organic coffee production in Nicaragua. A comparison of organic and conventional coffee production will be necessary in order to find out which parameters need to be taken into account along the full production chain. The results of the comparison between organic and conventional coffee production systems might offer the possibility to assess specifically which parameters and techniques can be used for environmental services in Nicaragua. A further aim of the proposal is to optimize climate relevant techniques during the life cycle and throughout the full value chain of organic coffee production. For example: how to obtain climate neutral coffee production, which compost technique has less GHG emissions and how can it be improved, how can the harvest residues be converted into biogas and energy that can be used in the rural areas etc. The following approaches will be used: 1. Research: on station and on farm 2. Dissemination: capacity building, exchange of experience, promotion, multiplication, networking 3. Policy dialogue The project processes shall include: 1. Participatory process 2. Linking stakeholders: producers, authorities, NGOs, research centres, etc. 3. Generating local know-how How development cooperation can promote organic agriculture as a solution for climate mitigation 1. Set up projects with smallholder groups to improve specific management techniques: • Fertility and carbon sequestration • Compost production • Biogas and energy production • Management of biodiversity • Management of wastes and natural resources 2. Research, dissemination and policy dialogue 3. Organic agriculture as excellent tool to mitigate climate change Organisation CEDECO: Corporación Educativa para el Desarrollo Costarricense, Costa Rica UNA: Universidad Nacional Agraria FiBL: 1FiBL 2 CEDECO %0 Conference Paper %A Gassner, B. %A Freyer, B. %A Leitner, H. %D 2008 %F orgprints:12102 %K labour quality, organic farming, ethic values, CSR-concepts %T Labour Quality Model for Organic Farming Food Chains %U http://orgprints.org/12102/ %X The debate on labour quality in science is controversial as well as in the organic agriculture community. Therefore, we reviewed literature on different labour quality models and definitions, and had key informant interviews on labour quality issues with stakeholders in a regional oriented organic agriculture bread food chain. We developed a labour quality model with nine quality categories and discussed linkages to labour satisfaction, ethical values and IFOAM principles. %0 Conference Paper %A Gaviglio, Anna %A Licitra Pedol, Martina %A Pirani, Alberto %D 2008 %F orgprints:11961 %K Organic milk and dairy products, innovation, consumer behaviour, Porter’s competitive analysis %T Interrelationships between organic food industry, innovation and consumer behaviour %U http://orgprints.org/11961/ %X The aim of this work is to investigate the relationship between organic foods firms and innovation with particularly attention to organic dairying productions and consumer’s behaviour. Using Porter’s competitive analysis and a special case history, the work wants to study which role innovation plays in a business strategy based on an upgraded concept of differentiation. %0 Conference Paper %A Gebauer, Dr. Jens %A Luedeling, M.Sc. Eike %A Hammer, Prof. Dr. Karl %A Buerkert, Prof. Dr. Andreas %D 2008 %F orgprints:11900 %K crop diversity, genetic erosion, indigenous knowledge, multicropping systems %T Plant genetic resources in mountain oases of northern Oman %U http://orgprints.org/11900/ %X In this study we assessed the genetic resources of three mountain oases in the al-Hajar range using a GIS-based field survey and farmer interviews. While arid conditions prevail throughout the mountain range, the different elevations of the oases in the Jabal al Akhdar mountains provide markedly differing agro-climatic conditions. Overall, 107 different crop species were identified belonging to 39 families. Species number was highest among fruits (33 spp.), followed by vegetables (24 spp.). Intensive irrigation allows cultivation of a broad range of species at all oases. However, the number of species varied significantly among sites. Fruit species diversity and homogeneity of the distribution of individual fruit species was highest at Balad Seet and lowest at Maqta, as indicated by respective Shannon indices of 1.00 and 0.39 and evenness values of 32% and 16%. Century plant, faba bean and lentil were identified as relict crops, supporting oral reports of past cultivation and providing evidence of genetic erosion. Overall greatest species similarity was found between Balad Seet and Al Jabal al Akhdar, as indicated by a Sørensen coefficient of similarity of 67%. Overall the study shows a location-specific but surprisingly diverse mosaic of crops in Omani mountain oases that merits further studies and conservation efforts. %0 Conference Paper %A Gengotti, S %A Censi, D %A Curto, G %D 2008 %F orgprints:11909 %K snails, slugs, iron phosphate, metaldehyde, P. hermaphrodita, organic lettuce %T Evaluation of active ingredients and nematodes against slugs and snails on organic lettuce %U http://orgprints.org/11909/ %X Three years trials were carried out to evaluate the efficacy of some molluscicides for the control of slugs (Arion sp.) and snails (Cepaea nemoralis and Helix aspersa) on organic lettuce in Emilia-Romagna (Italy). Iron phosphate has proven to be as effective as those based on metaldehyde. The nematodes Phasmarabditis hermaphrodita did not work against individuals as big as those employed in the trials. %0 Conference Paper %A Gengotti, S %A Tommasini, M. G. %D 2008 %F orgprints:12655 %K rocket, flea beetles, Phyllotreta spp., rotenone, pyrethrins %T Evaluation of natural active ingredients and agronomical techniques against flea beetle (Phyllotreta spp.) on open field organic garden rocket (Eruca sativa) %U http://orgprints.org/12655/ %X Natural pesticides and crop covering proved to be effective in containing flea beetle (Phyllotreta spp.) in a three-year trial of open-field organic garden rocket (Eruca sativa Miller) in Italy’s Emilia-Romagna Region. Although rotenone proved to be more effective than pyrethrins, it was still unsatisfactory. Crop cover with non-woven polypropylene sheets produced encouraging results in pest control. %0 Conference Paper %A Gengotti, S %A Tommasini, M.G. %A Antoniacci, L %A Bugiani, R %D 2008 %F orgprints:12654 %K lettuce, downy mildew, Bremia lactucae, copper, natural compounds %T Efficacy evaluation of copper formulations for the control of lettuce downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) %U http://orgprints.org/12654/ %X A four-year field trial was run to determine the effectiveness of copper fungicides and foliar fertilizers in controlling lettuce downy mildew (Bremia lactucae Regel) in Italy’s Emilia-Romagna Region. The experimental design was randomized blocks with 4 replicates using the highly susceptible Camaro cultivar. Eleven different fungicide formulae and foliar fertilizers with low copper concentration were compared. Tribasic copper sulphate (Cuproxat S.D.I.), copper sulphate (Poltiglia Caffaro 20) and copper oxychloride (Pasta Caffaro Nc) exhibited the best control; the effects of pentahydrate sulphate (Kay Tee) and hydroxyde (Kocide 2000) were less consistent. Hydroxide sulphate (Poltiglia disperses), tribasic sulphate (Cuproxat liquido) and the Special Kopper were less effective. The action of the foliar dressings Kendal TE, Fertileader rame and Labicuper showed the most promising results. The only non-copper-based alternative product, grapefruit seed extract, or DF 100 V, proved to be ineffective. Some of the tested foliar sprays were thus as effective as some copper-based fungicides and released less copper into the environment. %0 Generic %A Ghaouti, Linmiae %A Vogt-Kaute, Werner %A Link, Wolfgang %D 2008 %F orgprints:15259 %I Springer %K BÖL, BOEL, FKZ 03OE438, Sommerackerbohne, Winterackerbohne, Pflanzenzüchtung, Faba bean, Inbred lines, Local breeding, Organic farming, Participatory plant breeding, Synthetic cultivars Abbreviations %N 162 %P 257-268 %T Development of locally-adapted faba bean cultivars for organic conditions in Germany through a participatory breeding approach %U http://orgprints.org/15259/ %X Organic farming requires cultivars that are specifically adapted to this low input cropping system. Hence, organic farmers and scientists joined in a participatory breeding approach to develop region-specific genotypes of spring faba bean for organic conditions in Germany. A set of 49 genotypes with contrasting degrees of heterozygosity and heterogeneity was used in field trials across five locations in Germany during 3 years 2004, 2005 and 2006. The material involved 18 inbred lines, their 18 polycross progenies, one blend of inbred lines, one blend of polycross progenies, one blend of hybrids and ten checks. Inbred lines are uniform, thus giving the option to be specifically adapted; whereas the polycross progenies and synthetics (Syn-1; predicted from the inbred lines and polycross progenies performance) are partly heterogeneous and heterozygous, thus giving the option to evolve. Agronomic performance was assessed and a ‘‘personal appreciation’’ score of the material was assigned to each genotype by each partner. This personal appreciation was strongly influenced by biotic and abiotic constraints faced by the crop in each location and by the expected grain yield of the genotypes. Uniformity was apparently appreciated by organic farmers. In all locations, the highest yielding inbred line yielded slightly better than the predicted highest yielding synthetic. However, this slight disadvantage of the synthetic is very likely to disappear if the synthetic (Syn-1) is propagated during successive generations. %0 Conference Paper %A Giacinti, G. %A Rosati, R. %A Boselli, C. %A Tammaro, A. %A Amatiste, S. %A Ronchi, B. %D 2008 %F orgprints:12239 %K subclinical mastitis, phytotherapy, dairy cow %T Control of bovine sub-clinical mastitis by using herbal extract during lactation %U http://orgprints.org/12239/ %X Objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of feeding administration of herbal extracts for the control of bovine subclinical mastitis during lactation. A total of 36 Italian Friesian lactating cows with subclinical mastitis were randomly divided into three homogeneous groups: phyto-treated group, placebo-treated group, and control group. In phyto-treated group, cows received 5 gr. of standardised fluid extract of Spirea ulmaria L. and 6 gr. of standardised extract of Astragalus membranaceus BUNGE, administered orally as complex once daily for 15 days. Milk samples were collected from the mammary quarters before the beginning of the experiment, and then 14, 28 and 56 days after for analysis of bacteria, and somatic cells count (SCC). Milk flow and production were also recorded. The treatment positively influenced the health status of mammary glands, resulting particularly effective against Coagulase Negative Staphilococci. A reduction of infected quarters was highlighted in treated group ( 16.7% vs 30.2% and 37.5%, respectively in control and placebo groups; P<0.05). Further studies are needed to ascertain some aspects of herbal extracts action in ruminants and their effectiveness in different experimental and practical conditions. %0 Conference Paper %A Gieland, Andrea %A Kersting, Mathilde %A Kunert, Joachim %A Sailer, Oliver %A Busch-Stockfisch, Mechthild %D 2008 %F orgprints:15593 %K BÖL, BOEL, FKZ 03OE208, food acceptance, children, nutrition behavior, sensory prference, follow-up study %T Factors for sensory decisions by young children: Results of a 2-year follow-up study %U http://orgprints.org/15593/ %X Conclusion I - basics: -good acceptance of organic and conventional food by young children Conclusion II - further aim: -nutrition behaviour shows some hints at preferences, but food characteristics seem to be the main drivers for sensory preference Conclusion III - main results - weaning food history gives some hints at influence on later preferences, but breastfeeding history shows no apparent influence on preferences at ages of 2-7 years %0 Generic %A Gjettermann, B. %A Styczen, M. %A Hansen, H.C.B. %A Vinther, F.P. %A Hansen, S. %D 2008 %F orgprints:21148 %P 1506-1518 %T Challenges in modelling dissolved organic matter dynamics in agricultural soil using DAISY %U http://orgprints.org/21148/ %V 40 %X Because dissolved organic matter (DOM) plays an important role is terrestrial C-,N-and P-balances and transport of these three components to aquatic environments, there is a need to include it in models. This paper presents the concept of the newly developed DOM modules implemented in the DAISY model with focus on the quantification of DOM sorption/desorption and microbial-driven DOM turnover. The kinetics of DOM sorption/desorption is described by the deviation of the actual DOM concentration in solution from the equilibrium concentration, Ceq. The Ceq is soil specific and estimated from pedotransfer functions taking into account the soil content of organic matter, Al and Fe oxides. The turnover of several organic matter pools including one DOM pool are described by first-order kinetics. The DOM module was tested at field scale for three soil treatments applied after cultivating grass–clover swards. Suction cups were installed at depths 30, 60 and 90 cm and soil solution was sampled for quantification of dissolved organic C (DOC) and dissolved organic N (DON). In the topsoil, the observed fluctuations in DOC were successfully simulated when the sorption/desorption rate coefficient k was low. In the subsoil, the observed concentrations of DOC were steadier and the best simulations were obtained using a high k. The model shows that DOC and DON concentrations are levelled out in the subsoils due to soil buffering. The steady concentration levels were based on the Ceq for each horizon and the kinetic concept for sorption/desorption of DOC appeared aviable approach. If Ceq was successfully estimated by the pedotransfer function it was possible to simulate the DOC concentration in the subsoil. In spite of difficulties in describing the DOC dynamics of the topsoil, the DOM module simulates the subsoil concentration level of DOC well, and also — but with more uncertainty — the DON concentration level. %0 Conference Paper %A Gobin, B. %A Peusens, G. %A Moerkens, R. %A Leirs, H. %D 2008 %E Boos, Markus %F orgprints:13678 %K Forficula auricularia, biological control, population dynamics, apple, pear %P 208-212 %T Understanding earwig phenology in top fruit orchards %U http://orgprints.org/13678/ %X Earwigs, Forficula auricularia, are key generalist predators to a variety of orchard pests. However, numbers of earwigs have declined in both organic and IPM orchards in recent years. Both Integrated and Organic fruit growers have tried to re-establish earwig populations, thus far with little success. To understand earwig population dynamics and to find measures to increase natural orchard populations, we conducted a detailed phenological survey of earwigs in orchards. Earwigs were sampled while sheltering during daytime in artificial refuges. They move into the trees from the third nymph stage onwards. In most orchards, a small second brood is produced in summer, and this has a positive impact on population size in fall. We see only minor differences in phenology between apple and pear orchards, mainly caused by differences in alternative hiding places. Earwigs show an inexplicable reduction in numbers at the timing of moulting into adults. When earwig phenology is correlated with pest phenology in apple and pear, its use for pest control of major pests is clear. %0 Conference Paper %A Goessinger, Katharina %A Freyer, Bernhard %D 2008 %F orgprints:11978 %K Marketing, Corporate Social Responsibility, Organic farming, Ethical values, Food sector, FCP %T Corporate Social Responsibility and Organic Farming –Experiences in Austria %U http://orgprints.org/11978/ %X Although the market for organic products has been growing in Austria for a few years, the rising competition of so called regional, natural or sustainable products should be taken seriously. One solution in times of “conventionalisation” of organic farming could be higher ethical standards in organic farming and more effective communication of ethical values, as it has already been practised by a great number of medium-sized and large enterprises under the name of “Corporate Social Responsibility” (CSR). CSR refers to all services that are beyond legal requirements, performed on a voluntary basis. This article discusses the topic CSR and similar approaches in the Austrian organic sector on the basis of 30 interviews with Austrian organic farmers and processors. Its level of familiarity, its institutionalisation and the farmers´ and processors´ attitudes towards the Anglo-American concept are analysed. The article also points out which CSR services could be performed in the organic food chain by giving concrete examples and presents a typology of three different groups of organic farmers and processors concerning their exposure to written marketing of CSR or similar services. %0 Conference Paper %A Gössinger, Katharina %A Freyer, Bernhard %D 2008 %F orgprints:16125 %K Marketing, Corporate Social Responsibility, Organic farming, Ethical values, Food sector, FCP %T Corporate Social Responsibility and Organic Farming –Experiences in Austria %U http://orgprints.org/16125/ %X Although the market for organic products has been growing in Austria for a few years, the rising competition of so called regional, natural or sustainable products should be taken seriously. One solution in times of “conventionalisation” of organic farming could be higher ethical standards in organic farming and more effective communication of ethical values, as it has already been practised by a great number of medium-sized and large enterprises under the name of “Corporate Social Responsibility” (CSR). CSR refers to all services that are beyond legal requirements, performed on a voluntary basis. This article discusses the topic CSR and similar approaches in the Austrian organic sector on the basis of 30 interviews with Austrian organic farmers and processors. Its level of familiarity, its institutionalisation and the farmers´ and processors´ attitudes towards the Anglo-American concept are analysed. The article also points out which CSR services could be performed in the organic food chain by giving concrete examples and presents a typology of three different groups of organic farmers and processors concerning their exposure to written marketing of CSR or similar services. %0 Conference Paper %A Gottwald, Prof. Dr. Franz-Theo %A Borgen, I. %D 2008 %F orgprints:12158 %K Innovations within the processing sector may stimulate, extend and stabilize new business relations with agricultural enterprises. Due to their regional focus, medium-sized businesses in organic food production are eminently dependent on collaboration. On the basis of three examples, this paper demonstrates how new and sustainable revenues can be built up by entering economic collaborations with innovative businesses of the processing sector %T Innovations within the organic food sector – basis for novel business relations between agricultural and processing enterprises %U http://orgprints.org/12158/ %X Innovations within the processing sector may stimulate new, and extend and stabilize existing business relations with agricultural enterprises along the market chain. Due to their regional focus, small and medium-sized businesses in organic food production are eminently dependent on collaboration. On the basis of the evaluation of 140 applications for the Innovation Contest, this paper demonstrates how new and sustainable revenues can be built up by entering economic collaborations with innovative businesses of the processing sector. %0 Generic %A Govaerts, Wim %A van Eekeren, Nick %D 2008 %F orgprints:14999 %K Produktionskosten, Ziegenhaltung %T Berechnung der Produktionskosten von biologischer Ziegenmilch %U http://orgprints.org/14999/ %X Eine Prognose der Produktionskosten für das Jahr 2008 ergibt durchschnittlich 80,27 je 100 Liter Milch, umgerechnet auf 7 % Fett und Eiweiß, während die Prognose des gezahlten Milchpreises bei den heutigen Absprachen möglicherweise den Durchschnittswert von 68,80 je 100 Liter Milch, umgerechnet auf 7 % Fett und Eiweiß, erreichen könnte. Im Fazit können wir die Aussage vertreten, dass die Produktionskosten für biologisch produzierte Ziegenmilch weit über dem Milcherzeugerpreis liegen und dass diese Schere sich in Anbetracht der Entwicklungen im Hinblick auf Milchpreis-Steigerungen und Kostenbeherrschung in der jüngsten Vergangenheit erst ganz geringfügig schließt. %0 Conference Paper %A Graeff, S. %A Stockmann, F. %A Weber, A. %A Berhane, B %A Mbeng, K.J. %A Rohitrattana, R. %A Salazar, P. %A Shoko, P. %A Kaul, H.-P. %A Claupein, W. %D 2008 %F orgprints:11650 %K asparagine, acrylamide, pseudocereals, cultivar, food products %T Potential Risk of Acrylamide Formation in Different Cultivars of Amaranth and Quinoa %U http://orgprints.org/11650/ %X Acrylamide (AA), a potential human carcinogen, is formed in strongly heated carbohydrate-rich food as a part of the Maillard-reaction. The amino acid asparagine (Asn) and reducing sugars are considered to be the main precursors for AA formation. So far, research in AA has mainly focused on potato and cereal products, indicating the relevance of species, cultivars, amount of N fertilizer, and climatic conditions. Potential additional sources of acrylamide in food products might be pseudocereal grains (e.g. amaranth, quinoa). As amaranth and quinoa are often cultivated as cash crops in organic production systems, the aim of this study was to investigate the potential of acrylamide formation in different amaranth and quinoa cultivars. Grain samples were collected from field trials in Germany and Austria consisting of 6 amaranth and 3 quinoa cultivars. The results indicated significant differences in the potential for acrylamide formation of quinoa cultivars and also slight differences between tested amaranth cultivars. It is obvious that the selection of cultivars with a low AA formation potential would offer a suitable strategy for the minimization of AA in foodstuffs. %0 Conference Paper %A Granatstein, David %A Kirby, Elisabeth %A Willer, Helga %D 2008 %F orgprints:14664 %K Organic fruit, Statistics, FiBLOWC2008 %T Current World Status of Organic Temperate Fruits %U http://orgprints.org/14664/ %X Consumption of organic food has steadily increased in the primary markets of the European Union and North America. However, the statistical information base to describe this growth is either incomplete or inaccessible, and sometimes inaccurate. In the U.S., fruits and vegetables make up 40% of organic food sales, implying that the expanding overall market has also increased demand for organic temperate fruits such as apple, grape, and strawberry. Organic fruit in several European countries comprises over 5% of all fruit sales. Data on organic temperate fruit production have been compiled by FiBL and Washington State University. In 2006, there were at least 250,000 ha of organic temperate fruit (pome, stone, grapes, and berries) under production worldwide (fully converted plus in conversion). Expansion rates vary by the fruit type and geographic location. In Washington State, USA, a leading producer of apple, pear, and cherry, organic production will soon comprise 10% of all apple and pear hectares. Over 5% of the grape hectares in Italy are under organic management. Major organic temperate fruit production is spread around the globe but often is most successful with semi-arid, dry summer climates due to reduced disease problems. Leading producers include Italy, Turkey, USA, France, Spain, Poland, and Germany, which together accounted for about three-quarters of the global organic temperate fruit hectares in 2006. %0 Conference Paper %A Granstedt, Assoc Professor Artur %A Kjellenberg, L. %D 2008 %F orgprints:12625 %K biodynamic farming, carbon sink, humus, organic farming, soil fertility %T Organic and biodynamic cultivation - a possible way of increasing humus capital, improving soil fertility and providing a significant carbon sink in Nordic conditions %U http://orgprints.org/12625/ %X In Sweden three different sets of long-term comparative trials have been carried out at the Biodynamic Research Institute since 1958. With biodynamic farming an average annual increase corresponding to 500 – 800 kg soil carbon per ha is documented. %0 Generic %A Graß, Rüdiger %D 2008 %E AgrarBündnis e.V., %F orgprints:15421 %I ABL-Verlag, D-Hamm / AgrarBündnis e.V. %K Biogas, Bioenergie, Bodenhaushalt, Fruchtfolgen, Artenvielfalt %P 95-99 %T Energie aus Biomasse im Ökolandbau - Weiterentwicklung oder Konventionalisierung der Ökobetriebe? %U http://orgprints.org/15421/ %X Der in den letzten Jahren in der gesamten Landwirtschaft zu verzeichnende Boom der regenerativen Energieerzeugung hat zu einer starken Zunahme von landwirtschaftlichen Biogasanlagen geführt. Auch im Ökologischen Landbau ist das Thema von wachsender Bedeutung. Der vorliegende Beitrag diskutiert die Chancen und Risiken der energetischen Biomassenutzung speziell unter den Bedingungen und Vorgaben des Ökologischen Anbaus. Welche Nutzungsformen sind „kompatibel“ mit dem Ökolandbau? Welche Erfahrung konnten bislang gemacht werden und wo sind Fehlentwicklungen zu beobachten? Wie werden Bodenhaushalt, Artenvielfalt und betriebliche Kreislaufprozesse durch die Biogaserzeugung direkt oder indirekt beeinflusst? Es werden Voraussetzungen genannt, unter denen eine ertragreiche und umweltverträgliche Energiegewinnung aus Biomasse im Ökologischen Landbau möglich ist. Der Beitrag zeigt aber auch, dass es auf diesem Feld keine Patentrezepte gibt. Es gilt vielmehr, auf jedem Betrieb individuell zu prüfen, welches System der regenerativen Energieerzeugung aus Biomasse für den jeweiligen Hof und seine Entwicklungsziele passend ist. %0 Conference Paper %A Griffon Briceño, Diego %A Torres-Alruiz, Ma.Daniela %D 2008 %F orgprints:11931 %K Stability, Food webs, Network analysis, Agroecosystem architecture. %T On the inherent instability of the monoculture %U http://orgprints.org/11931/ %X In the last decades has been recognized that monoculture has harmful consequences: genetic erosion, soil loss, pollution, land concentration, increased poverty and so on. But, there is another aspect that has been underestimated, the instability that results of the oversimplification of monoculture’s trophic structure. Here, using network analysis, we show why the trophic structure of monoculture is inherently instable. Considering an agroecosystem as a complex network, we propose that for the design of stable agroecosystems we must generate architectures with redundancy of relations and homogeneous connectivity, because this compensates and modulates perturbations. %0 Generic %A Grisa, Catia %A Schneider, Sergio %D 2008 %F orgprints:22701 %K Agricultura familiar, Autoconsumo, Reprodução social. Family farm, Self-consumption, Social reproduction. %N 2 %P 481-515 %T "Plantar pro gasto": a importância do autoconsumo entre famílias de agricultores do Rio Grande do Sul. %U http://orgprints.org/22701/ %V 46 %X O artigo discute a valoração e importância da produção para o autoconsumo na reprodução social das unidades familiares e caracteriza os alimentos autoconsumidos. Vale-se da pesquisa "Agricultura Familiar, Desenvolvimento Local e Pluriatividade" (UFRGS/UFPel/ CNPq-2003) que propiciou a formação de um banco de dados com informações sobre a dinâmica da agricultura familiar em quatro regiões distintas da geografia gaúcha, suas fontes e tipos de renda, entre estas o autoconsumo. Trazer este debate significa retomar um tema pouco discutido até então, e que, embora marginalizado ou considerado sem importância, desenvolve importante papel como renda não monetária, fortalece a segurança alimentar e adentra esferas da sociabilidade e identidade social. Além da introdução, apresenta-se o papel do autoconsumo na agricultura familiar, o cálculo da produção para o autoconsumo, discussão dos objetivos e resultados, e considerações finais. Os resultados demonstram que a produção para o autoconsumo é uma estratégia recorrente pelas unidades familiares e se diferencia de acordo com a dinâmica da agricultura familiar. Diferença esta expressa em valores relativos (%) e no número de estabelecimentos pertencentes a estratos diferenciados de autoconsumo, e pouco nos tipos de alimentos produzidos para este fim, observando-se uma homogeneidade dos hábitos alimentares. %0 Generic %A Gruber, Harriet %A Titze, Andreas %D 2008 %F orgprints:9052 %K Pflanzenbau, Sommerweizen, Unkrautbekämpfung, Düngung, Ertrag, Kainit "fein" %T Einfluss einer Kainit-Düngung auf Unkrautflora und Ertragsbildung bei Sommerweizen im ökologischen Landbau %U http://orgprints.org/9052/ %X In einem einfaktoriellen Versuch in Blockanlage mit Sommerweizen wurde von 2005 bis 2007 der Einfluss einer Kainitapplikation (Kainit „fein“, 8 dt/ha) auf den Unkrautdeckungsgrad und Ertragsparameter des Getreides untersucht. Die Kainitdüngung wurde mit dem Einsatz des Striegels kombiniert. Um die Dünge- und Unkraut bekämpfende Wirkung von Kainit „fein“ auf den Ertrag getrennt beurteilen zu können, wurde eine Variante gejätet. Bei am Standort vorliegender guter Kalium- und Magnesiumversorgung (C-D) und mittlerer bis geringer Verunkrautung führte die Kainitanwendung trotz gesicherter Effekte bei der Reduzierung der Unkräuter zu keiner signifikanten Ertragsbeeinflussung. Ebenfalls war kein Einfluss der Düngung auf die Inhaltsstoffe der Pflanze zu BBCH 29-31, im Korn und im Stroh sowie auf den Korn- und Strohertrag nachweisbar. %0 Conference Paper %A Gruber, Dr. Sabine %A Claupein, Prof. Dr. Wilhelm %D 2008 %F orgprints:11730 %K Soil tillage, weed management, crop rotation %T Effects of Conservation Tillage on Canada Thistle (Cirsium arvense) in Organic Farming %U http://orgprints.org/11730/ %X A long-term experiment was established to examine the crop yield and the weed infestation, focussed on Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense), as effect of different intensity of primary tillage (mouldboard plough deep or shallow, double-layer plough, chisel plough) in combination with or without stubble tillage. The most effective ways to keep the infestation of C. arvense at a low level were deep mouldboard ploughing and the use of a double-layer plough. After the experiment had run seven years, the thistle biomass was < 2 g DM m-2 in these treatments, compared to 23–26 g DM m-2 in the treatments with chisel ploughing or shallow ploughing. In all treatments, stubble tillage in addition to primary tillage significantly reduced the thistle biomass by 30–80 %. A high density of lucerne/grass re-growth occurred in the chisel plough treatment. The soil seed bank of thistles ranged between 220 (deep plough) and 6,400 seeds m-2 (chisel plough) in the sixth year of the experiment. Stubble tillage is essential if the chisel plough or shallow ploughing is used for conservation tillage in organic farming. The double-layer plough can control C. arvense comparable to deep ploughing. %0 Conference Paper %A Gruber, Dr. Sabine %A Claupein, Prof. Dr. Wilhelm %D 2008 %F orgprints:11729 %K agro-eco-systems, soil protection, landscape, bio-energy %T Wood Chips from Hedgerows – Biomass Potential for On-Farm Mulching and Bioenergy? %U http://orgprints.org/11729/ %X Hedgerows are landscape features with ecological value and agricultural benefits which are appreciated in organic farming. Biomass from periodical cutting down of hedgerows is often unutilized litter. The study assesses different ways how to use wood chips from hedgerows, and quantifies the biomass potential for either mulching arable land with wood chips or, alternatively, for bioenergy use. The calculations are based on experiments at the experimental station for organic farming Kleinhohenheim and on literature. The yield of wood chips was clearly too low to mulch the total arable land of the model farm. Hedgerows on an area equal to 1% of the farm area yielded wood chips for 0.05 ha if 160 m3 ha-1 were applied. This layer significantly reduced weeds. Hedgerows covering 5% or 20% of the farmland would provide wood chips for about 0.2 or 1 ha for mulching or, used as firewood, they would cover the corresponding fuel oil demand of more than one average household. Compared to poplars in short rotation coppice on the same area, the energy output is low. Since an energy use of wood chips is ecological and economical inefficient, mulching seems a reasonable way to use wood chips from cutting hedgerow, in spite of low yields. Wood chips should be applied to thoroughly selected areas, such as slopes (protection from soil erosion), crops with wide inter-row-distance or to perennial, high-value crops. %0 Conference Paper %A Grünbacher, Mag. Eva Maria %A Kromp, Dr. Bernhard %D 2008 %E Šarapatka, Bořivoj %E Samsonová, Pavlína %F orgprints:15755 %I Bioinstitut, Křížkovského 8, 771 46 Olomouc, CZ, www.bioinstitut.cz %K wheat bugs, landscape elements, spatial distribution, seasonal occurrence, winter quarters %P 98-101 %T Investigations on the occurrence of wheat bugs (Scutelleridae, Pentatomidae; Heteroptera) in organic farming of Eastern Austria %U http://orgprints.org/15755/ %X Wheat bugs, an umbrella term for a set of different species, damage wheat by sucking on semi-ripe grains. The proteolytic enzyme inserted with the saliva destroys the gluten. If more than 1.5 – 2% of the grains are infected, the ground wheat loses its baking quality. In 2003, for the first time since the fifties, a significant occurrence of wheat bugs was recorded in Eastern Austria. Since in organic farming no insecticides are available for direct control, the farmers were advised to grow quality wheat at the greatest possible distance to fallows, windbreaks and other uncultivated areas. To clarify their significance for the wheat bug occurrence, a diploma thesis was performed in the year 2004. The sampling sites were situated in Burgenland, Eastern Austria. The spatial and temporal distribution of the bugs (Scutelleridae, Pentatomidae) was evaluated by hand-searching the ground litter and by sampling with enclosures, sweep net and visual observations in windbreaks, forest edges, field margins, grasslands, fallows and winter–wheat fields (1, 10 and 60 meters from the field edge) and sporadically also in other crops (lucerne, barley, rye and spelt). As a total, 368 individuals from 22 species of bugs were collected. 316 individuals belonged to potentially harmful 10 wheat bug species, Eurygaster maura (67%), Aelia acuminata (16%) and E. austriaca (4%) being most abundant. The sweep net was the most efficient sampling method. The earliest wheat bugs occurred directly in the wheat fields. During the growing season, the species E. maura, A. acuminata und E. austriaca were found almost entirely in winter-wheat fields, whereas in the uncultivated habitats other species occurred. Our data do not suggest that landscape elements as well as fallows enhance wheat bug infestations. The wheat bug infestation of wheat fields might be influenced mainly by the weather conditions in spring and summer. After having compared the climatic conditions of 2003 with the “wheat bug years” 1953 and 1954, we suggest that the recent outbreak of wheat bugs might have been due to the significantly above average temperatures in the years 2000 to 2003. %0 Conference Paper %A Gullino, M. Lodovica %A Garibaldi, Angelo %A Pugliese, Massimo %A Clini, Corrado %D 2008 %F orgprints:12066 %K sustainable crop protection, international cooperation, organic agriculture, sustainable development, biodiversity %T Sustainable agriculture for environment protection: results of eight years of cooperation between China and Italy %U http://orgprints.org/12066/ %X In China most of the population (about 60%) lives in rural areas, in poor conditions and still relies on agriculture as the main source of income. Several environmental problems have been caused by shifting to more intensive and polluting agriculture in order to address the increasing demand for food and the need of higher incomes of rural communities. With the present Chinese economic growth, urbanization and increased leisure time, tourism and recreation activities in rural areas are also increasing. Additionally, in the restructuring process of economy in rural areas, one of the most obvious effects is the necessity to create job opportunities alternative to agricultural sector. The role of sustainable agriculture fro environment protection in a country such as China is highlihted. The experience gained in the framework of the Sino-Italian Cooperation Program for Environment Protection jointly launched by the Italian Ministry for the Environment, Land and Sea (IMELS) and the State Environment Protection Administration of China (SEPA) in the year 2000, through the implementation of several cooperation projects in different rural areas of China is critically discussed %0 Generic %A Gusberti, M. %A Jermini, M. %A Wyss, E. %A Lindner, Ch. %A Station de recherche Agroscope Changins-Wädenswil ACW, %A Institut de recherche de l’agriculture biologique (FiBL), CH Frick, %D 2008 %F orgprints:16987 %K ökologischer Weinbau, Entomologie, Scaphoideus titanus Ball, Homoptera, Cicadellidae, flavescence dorée, organic insecticide, predatory mite, Amblyseius andersoni, control strategy, organic vineyard %N 3 %P 173-177 %T Efficacité d’insecticides contre Scaphoideus titanus en vignobles biologiques et effets secondaires %U http://orgprints.org/16987/ %V 40 %X La flavescence dorée de la vigne et la lutte obligatoire contre son vecteur Scaphoideus titanus posent d’importants problèmes dans les vignobles conduits en culture biologique. Afin de développer une stratégie de lutte basée sur des insecticides compatibles avec la viticulture biologique, des essais en plein champ ont été conduits au Tessin en 2006-2007. Le Parexan N (pyréthrine + huile de sésame) s’est avéré le seul produit biologique efficace à plus de 90% contre les formes immatures de S. titanus, par contre il n’a eu aucun effet contre les adultes. L’application répétée de Parexan N s’est montrée toxique pour les typhlodromes de l’espèce Amblyseius andersoni. Malgré cette toxicité, la seule stratégie de lutte efficace et recommandée dans les vignobles biologique consiste en trois applications de Parexan N à un intervalle de dix jours dès l’apparition des premiers individus du 3e stade larvaire. %0 Generic %A Haas, Guido %D 2008 %F orgprints:13934 %I Forschungsring für Biologisch-Dynamische Wirtschaftsweise e.V. - Verlag Lebendige Erde, Darmstadt. %K Klima, Klimawandel, Treibhauseffekt, Anpassung Klimawandel, Temperatur, Niederschlag, Starkregen, Hagel, Betriebsorganismus, Betriebsmanagement, %N 4 %P 38-41 %T Klimawandel: Anpassung des Betriebes - Größere Extreme verlangen mehr Flexibilität. %U http://orgprints.org/13934/ %V 08 %X Klima und Witterung ändern sich: Es wird ganzjährig wärmer, im Winter nasser, im Sommer trockener, vor allem aber extremer, z. B. im Oberrheingraben, im Rheinland, in Ostdeutschland und Österreich. Rezepte zur Anpassung kann es daher keine geben. Auf den Klimawandel reagiert man am besten mit guter fachlicher Praxis des Ökolandbaus und Aufmerksamkeit unter zwei Prämissen: „Ertragsicherheit vor Maximalertrag“ sowie „Vielfalt vor Spezialisierung“. Zu bedenken ist, dass kleinräumig hat der Ökolandbau den größten Flächenanteil mit geringer Standortgunst hat. Doch gestalten Biobetriebe in der Regel vielfältige und damit stabilere Agrar-Ökosysteme. Die Nutzungsintensität in Produktion und Landschaft ist geringer, die Biotop- und Artenvielfalt höher. Eine vielfältige Fruchtfolge verteilt die Risiken. Betriebsfremde Betriebsmittel, die mit hoher Emission an Treibhausgasen hergestellt sind, kommen kaum zum Einsatz. Der weitgehend in sich geschlossene Betriebsorganismus wird Auswirkungen des Klimawandels besser abpuffern. Vermehrte Beobachtung der Feld- und Tierbestände auch im Hinblick auf den Klimawandel lassen für den eigenen Betrieb frühzeitig Chancen und Anpassungsmaßnahmen erkennen. Generell wird auch im Biologisch-Dynamischen Landbau die regelmäßige externe Reflektion z. B. durch Fachberatung und der horizontale Betriebsvergleich auf Basis einer selbstkritischen Analyse für eine effiziente und nachhaltige Bewirtschaftung immer wichtiger. %0 Generic %A Haas, PD Dr. Guido %D 2008 %F orgprints:13911 %K Ökologischer Landbau, Wasserschutz, Gewässerschutz, Klima, CO2-Emission, Klimawandel, Treibhauseffekt, Management, Stickstoff, Nährstoffbilanzen, Ökobilanzen, Nährstoffeffizienz, Sorten,Futterbau, Getreide, Untersaaten %T Publikationsliste Priv. Doz. Dr. habil. Guido Haas %U http://orgprints.org/13911/ %X Institut für Organischen Landbau - Universität Bonn Katzenburgweg 3 53115 Bonn AgrarIngenieurbüro Dr. habil. Guido Haas Am Weiher 78 53604 Bad Honnef %0 Conference Paper %A Haase, Thorsten %A Haase, Dr. Norbert U. %A Heß, Prof. Dr. Jürgen %D 2008 %F orgprints:12390 %K Nitrogen; Potassium; Preceding Crop; Pre-sprouting; Cultivar %T Impact of agronomic measures on yield and quality of organic potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) for industrial processing %U http://orgprints.org/12390/ %X Three field experiments were conducted during 2002 and 2004 on two sites in Germany in order to examine the impact of preceding crop, pre-sprouting, N- and K-fertilization and cultivar on total tuber fresh yields, tuber DM, glucose and fructose concentration, as well as the colour of crisps and the quality score of French fries at harvest and after storage. Generally, total tuber yields depended very much on the growing season. However, highest yields were obtained when horn grits were applied along with potassium sulphate. Increasing yields after cattle manure fertilization could be attributed to K rather than N. Combined N and K fertilization may cause DM concentration to fall short of the required minimum for crisps. Pre-sprouting and storage increased tuber DM concentration considerably. Cultivars belonging to the very early and early maturity type showed the largest relative increase of reducing sugars due to storage. On the whole, results suggest that the effect of agronomic measures such as fertilization, preceding crop and seed-tuber preparation may be rather small and the response of internal tuber quality and quality of fried products difficult to predict. The quality standards for tuber raw stock can be accomplished best when adequate cultivars suitable for storage are chosen. %0 Conference Paper %A Haigh, Z. E. L. %A Baddeley, J. A. %A Boyd, H. E. %A Clarke, S. %A Jones, H. %A Rees, R. M. %A Wolfe, M. S. %D 2008 %F orgprints:11908 %K wheat, agronomy, interactions, composite cross populations %T Organic winter wheat: optimising planting %U http://orgprints.org/11908/ %X Data from the second year of experiments at three sites (Wakelyns in SE and Sheepdrove in SW England; and Chapel Farm in SE Scotland) to investigate the effects of interactions among a range of agronomic practices (row spacing, seed density, weeding and undersowing with clover) on winter wheat performance are presented, and compared with first year results. Trends seen at all years and sites indicate that narrow row drill arrangements with high seed rates result in the highest yields. This combination also performed well for emergence and establishment. The effect of drill arrangement was significant (P<0.05) at two of the three experimental sites with establishment of 282 and 232 plants m-2 at Sheepdrove and Chapel farm respectively. There were significant interactions between row spacing and seed density at all three sites. A new composite cross population integrated into the experiment has performed well for a number of traits including canopy cover and grain yield. %0 Conference Paper %A Haj Seyed Hadi, Mohammad Reza %A Darzi, Mohammad Taghi %A Sharifi Ashoorabadi, Ebrahim %D 2008 %F orgprints:11941 %K Key words: Silybum marianum, production system, sustainability %T Study the effects of conventional and low input production system on quantitative and qualitative yield of Silybum marianum L. %U http://orgprints.org/11941/ %X This investigation was carried out in the spring of 2005 – 2007 in the Research Station of Rangelands in Hamand - Damavand region of IRAN to study the effects of conventional and low input production systems on seed yield and sylimarin percentage of Silybum marianum L. This experiment was done in split-split plot based on randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Treatments were 2 production systems (Conventional and Low input system) in the main plots, 3 planting time (25 of March, 4 and 14 of April) in the sub plots and 2 seed types (Improved and Native of Khoozestan) in the sub-sub plots. Results showed that there was a significant difference between production systems. The highest height (125.8cm) and number of capitols per plant (10.4) were obtained in conventional system. While other traits including capitol diameter (7.028cm), number of seed per capitol (125), 1000 seed weight (25.006g), seed yield (1888.072kg/ha), silymarin percentage (%7.711) and silymarin yield (150.443lit/ha) were recorded in the low input system. Results showed that because of using vermicopmpost and its effects on plant growth in low input system, highest seed yield and silymarin yield were obtained in this treatment. Seed planting in the first time of planting (25 of March) had the same effect on growth and yield. Highest values were recorded in the first time of planting (25 of March). Also, improved seed caused more seed and silymarin yield. Results showed that for getting highest seed and silymarin yield, using improved seed and low input production system is necessary. Also, according to the climatic condition, seed must be planted as early as possible. In this investigation, the best time of planting is 5 March). %0 Generic %A Halberg, N. %A Dalgaard, R. %A Olesen, J.E. %A Dalgaard, T. %D 2008 %F orgprints:15565 %K biogas, energy, life cycle assessment,greenhouse gas,rapeseed,crop rotation %N 1 %P 30-37 %T Energy self-reliance, net-energy production and GHG emissions in Danish organic cash crop farms %U http://orgprints.org/15565/ %V 23 %X Organicfarming(OF)principles include the idea of reducing dependence of fossil fuels, but little has been achieved on this objective so far in Danish OF. Energy use and green house gas (GHG)emissions from anaverage 39 ha cash crop farm were calculated and alternative crop rotations for bio-energy production were modeled. Growing rape seed on 10% of the land could produce bio-diesel to replace 50–60% of the tractor diesel used on the farm. Increasing grass-clover area to 20% of the land and using half of this yield for biogas production could change the cash crop farm to an etenergy producer, and reduce GHG emissions while reducing the overall output of products only marginally. Increasing grass-clover area would improve the nutrient management on the farm and eliminate dependence on conventional pig slurry if the biogas residues were returned to cash crop fields. %0 Conference Paper %A Halberg, Niels %D 2008 %F orgprints:13530 %I Centre National de Ressources en Agriculture Biologique %K energy use, efficency, saving, life cycle assessment, meat, vegetables %T Energy use and Green house gas emission in organic agriculture %U http://orgprints.org/13530/ %X Reduction of fossil energy use has a two-fold aim namely reducing the dependence of a limited, non-renewable resource and reduction of emissions of green house gasses (GHG). Consumers interested in reducing their carbon footprint from food consumption may consider whether a shift towards eating organic foods will do the job? This involves two questions: Is organic food more energy efficient and –given that one is dedicated to eating organic – which products and which producers results in a lower GHG emission. From a farmer perspective it is interesting to know how the carbon footprint of the production may be reduced. Over time the principles for organic agriculture has included specific references to the question of reducing the use of non-renewable energy (Woodward & Vogtman, 2004) and this is still an explicit part of the objectives of the Danish organic farming movement. It is, however, questionable to which degree these objectives have been achieved as regards the dependence on fossil energy in the present form of organic agriculture. The majority of farms still depend on fossil energy for traction and electricity and energy self-reliance seems not to be a major concern in practice. As regards fossil energy use, the major difference to conventional farming is that the rejection of chemical fertilizer reduces the indirect energy use in organic farming and that the yields are lower, thus reducing the solar energy captured in crops. However, as regards the emission of GHG the picture is more diverse and the net GHG emissions can be lower in organic agriculture compared with conventional. The aim of this paper is thus to discuss the different perspectives of reducing energy use and GHG emissions from organic agriculture by presenting results regarding · Different methods and results of comparison of energy use efficiency in organic agriculture · The potential for energy savings and self-reliance in organic agriculture · The relative importance of fossil energy use for emissions of GHG from production of different organic products · The relative importance of different organic and conventional food items for the total GHG emission of food consumption %0 Generic %A Halberg, Niels %D 2008 %F orgprints:15395 %K food security, Africa, developing country %N 4 %P 19-21 %T Wie ökologischer Landbau die Welt ernähren könnte %U http://orgprints.org/15395/ %V 148 %X Sind Bio-Produkte ein ungerechtfertiger Luxux für wohlgenährte Menschen in einer Welt, in der es gleichzeitig zu viele Hungerleidende gibt? Modelberechnungen zu möglichen Auswirkungen einer grossflächigen Ausweitung ökologischer Lebensmittelproduktion zeigen, dass dies nich der Fall ist. %0 Conference Paper %A Halberg, Niels %A Hermansen, John E. %A Kristensen, Ib Sillebak %A Eriksen, Jørgen %A Tvedegaard, Niels %D 2008 %E Köpke, Ulrich %E Sohn, Sang Mok %F orgprints:15585 %K environment, organic pig production %P 249-261 %T Comparative environmental assessment of three systems for organic pig production in Denmark %U http://orgprints.org/15585/ %X Organic pig production has emerged as an alternative to the intensive conventional pig production in Europe with the animals confined indoors and often an imbalance between livestock and land for feed production and manure utilisation. The organic systems aim at improving animal welfare by supporting the pig’s natural behaviour (Hermansen et al., 2003), and improving soil fertility by better linking crop and livestock production from an agro-ecological point of view. The differences between organic and conventional pig production is more fundamental than for example differences between dairy production systems, which may be why the share of pig herds within the organic holdings is considerably lower than the percentage of pig herds in conventional agriculture in both the UK (ADAS, 2001), Germany (Willer, et al., 2002) and Denmark (Plant Directorate, 2004b). However, the recent development has seen a dramatic increase in demand for organic pig meat in Denmark, Germany and the UK and present production cannot meet demand. Besides regulation on use of feedstuffs, the organic pig production has a main challenge in the regulation for housing. The sows need access to grazing in the summer time, and growing pigs need as a minimum requirement access to an outdoor run. In addition, the area requirements for indoor housing are higher than for conventional production. These requirements have a major impact on what systems to consider, both from economical and agro-ecological points of view. And therefore, efforts to improve organic pig production should focus on the integration of livestock production and land use, but considering environmental impacts on local and global scales. The most commonly used system in Denmark is to combine an outdoor sow production all year round with rearing growing pigs in barns with an outdoor run (Hermansen & Jakobsen, 2004). The type of stable most commonly used by full time producers in Denmark is a system with deep litter in the entire indoor area or deep litter/straw bed in half the area while the outdoor area consists of a concrete area. The use of a concrete covered area, from which the manure can be collected, is a way to comply with the environmental regulations stating that the outdoor run should be constructed in a way that prevents leaching. Research shows that very good production results can be obtained in such systems in terms of litter size, daily gain, feed consumption and health (Hermansen et al., 2003). However, two possible drawbacks exist. First, the space requirement per growing pig in housing facilities is considerable and, thus, capital demanding. For fattening pigs of 85-100 kg live weight, the indoor space required is equivalent to 1.3 m2/pig (of which at least 0.65 m2 must consists of a solid floor) and 1.0 m2 outdoors run (Council Regulation, 1999). In addition, each lying zone, i.e. straw bedding area, must be able to accommodate all pigs at a time. This put a heavy burden on costs of buildings (money and resource use) and at the same time it can be questioned if such rearing systems comply with the consumer expectations. Second, the outdoor sow production has been connected with high environmental burden in the form of N losses (Larsen et al., 2000; Eriksen et al., 2002). This made us to consider two alternatives to the organic pic system most often used presently. A system where all pigs were reared outdoors on grassland (and saving buildings) and a system where sows and growing pigs were kept in a tent system placed upon a deep litter area in order to reduce risk for N leaching. Both have been used under commercial conditions. In order to assess the possible trade-offs between environmental impacts on the one hand and the assumed advantages of these alternative systems (animal welfare, low investment) on the other hand an Environmental Impact Assessment was needed. Environmental assessment of livestock farming systems can be done on an area basis (e.g. nutrient losses per ha) or on a product basis (e.g. Green House Gas emission per kg meat or milk; Haas et al., 2001; van der Werf & Petit, 2002; De Boer, 2003; Halberg et al., 2005). The area based assessment is relevant for locally important emissions such as nitrate leaching but a product based assessment is more relevant for emissions, which have a less localised impact (acidification) or even a global character (Green House Gasses). Moreover, since the organic production is often considered a more sustainable alternative to conventional intensive pig production, from a consumer point of view it might be interesting to compare the eutrophication per kg meat produced from different organic and compared to conventional systems. The objective of this paper is to compare the environmental impact and green house gas emission of organic pig production systems with different levels of integration of livestock and land use. %0 Generic %A Halberg, Niels %A Harttung, Thomas %A Rebsdorf, Simon Olling %A Alrøe, Hugo Fjelsted %D 2008 %F orgprints:15529 %K Knowledge synthesis, organic sector, news, %N 1 %T ICROFS news 1/2008 - newsletter from ICROFS %U http://orgprints.org/15529/ %X News from ICROFS: N. Halberg: Welcome to a new international centre; presentation of the internatioanl board. Articles: T. Harttung: Organics as the future norm for sustainability; S.O. Rebsdorf: Development, growth and integrity of the organic sector in Denmark - a summary H.F. Alrøe: Organic futures - a scenario game N. Halberg: Strenghten research in strategically important areas %0 Conference Paper %A Hallmann, Dr. Ewelina %A Rembiałkowska, Prof. Ewa %D 2008 %F orgprints:12516 %K bell pepper, vitamin C, flavonols, carotenoids, organic cultivation, conventional cultivation %T The Content of Selected Antioxidant Compounds in Bell Pepper Varieties from Organic and Conventional Cultivation Before and After Freezing Process %U http://orgprints.org/12516/ %X Sweet bell pepper is one of the best sources of ascorbic acid and a fair source of carotenoids in human diets. The levels of vitamin C are very variable and may be affected by maturity, genotype and processing. Vegetable freezing is one of the most efficient and adequate preservation methods. Organic fresh vegetables contained more bioactive compounds than conventional ones. Two bell pepper cultivars (Roberta and Ożarowska) have been selected for analysis. Vegetables were cultivated on organic and conventional farms in Poland. Ripe bell peppers have been collected in the same week of ripening and were chemically analyzed twice: fresh before freezing and after six month of storage in -20°C. Vitamin C content, carotenoids also the total flavonols content have been determined in fruits. Organically produced bell peppers contained significantly more vitamin C and lutein than conventionally grown fruits. Processing with aid of freezing considerably decreases the content of the bioactive compounds in red bell peppers. %0 Generic %A Halpin, Darren %A Daugbjerg, Carsten %D 2008 %F orgprints:13956 %I Routledge %K policy, Australien, %N 2 %P 189-206 %T Associative Deadlocks and Transformative Capacity: Engaging in Australian Organic Farm Industry Development %U http://orgprints.org/13956/ %V 43 %X Recent work on industry policy argues that group and state capacity are important in underpinning (or undermining) the capacity to govern industrial development. Put simply, group capacity - alongside state capacity - is deemed an important ingredient in any recipe for (re)developing national industry. This article further develops the literature on governance and transformative capacity, adding deliberative networking as a key facet. Examining the development of the organic farming sector in Australia, it is argued that the absence of transformative capacity frustrates development. Specifically, although the state has slowly come to see a need for some interaction and facilitation of organic industry development, particularly of a national domestic standard, this intervention is made difficult by the absence of: (i) capable organic industry organisations; (ii) 'in-house' departmental expertise; and (iii) venues capable of fostering policy deliberation. We argue that the reworked concept of transformative capacity can have wider application in making sense of industry development in other infant industries. %0 Conference Paper %A Halpin, Darren %A Daugbjerg, Carsten %D 2008 %F orgprints:13949 %K Australia, Denmark, infant industry, Governance Capacity, Development, %T Generating Governance Capacity in Infant Industries: The Development of Organic Farming in Denmark and Australia %U http://orgprints.org/13949/ %X Organic farming is of increasing interest to policy makers as it has been linked to environmental, rural development and market related outcomes which have high political salience. As such, attention naturally turns to catalysing organic growth. Patterns of growth vary considerably among countries, but existing explanations of variation lack authority. This paper compares the development of organic farming sectors in Australia and Denmark, countries at polar ends of the organic sector development continuum. They provide a good comparison as both countries share key characteristics, such as a history of state-agricultural industry partnerships, an implicit post-1980’s consensus around a market model for agricultural industry development, and the general absence of consumer distrust over food quality. After ruling out a number of well worn explanations for differential growth we focus on the role of governance capacity. We argue that the Danish case, in contrast with Australia, demonstrates that when well-developed associative and state capacities can combine alongside interest intermediation then governance capacity is generated and infant industry development is made possible. %0 Conference Paper %A Halpin, Darren %A Daugbjerg, Carsten %D 2008 %F orgprints:13953 %K Australia, interest groups, policy, UK, Denmark %T Interest Groups and the Governance of Growth in Organic Farming %U http://orgprints.org/13953/ %X In this paper we probe the issue of developing capacity by exploring the organisational evolution of the key organic interest groups in Australia, the UK and Denmark. A comparison of the Organic Federation of Australia (OFA), the British Soil Association (SA) and the Danish National Association of Organic Farming, NAOF (later the National Organic Association, NOA) is particularly useful in investigating the nuts and bolts of interest group capacity development and adjustment. They emerged from a similar milieu; yet they developed their capacities very differently. While all three associations have developed capacities for the promotion of the organic sector in relation to consumers, farmers and government, they differ significantly in relation to capacity development as it pertains to policy implementation. The key differences can be explained by variation in the organic farm policies of the three countries. The comparison also demonstrates that existing groups can adapt capacities when policy changes, even where neo-liberal inspired policy strategies are deployed. %0 Conference Paper %A Hamade, Mr. Kanj %A Midmore, Prof. Peter %A Pugliese, Dr. Patrizia %D 2008 %F orgprints:12362 %K Western Balkans, organic support policy %T Institutions and Policy Development for Organic Agriculture in Western Balkan Countries: a Cross-Country Analysis %U http://orgprints.org/12362/ %X This paper uses a comparative qualitative approach to study the dynamic of institutional changes occurring in the organic movement, State agricultural institutions and policies, and in the organic supply chain, in six Western Balkan countries. It shows that the ‘Michelsen path’ (Michelsen et al., 2001) is identifiable in these countries, but in a different sequence. Additionally, a number of common trends are identified in the organic sector of the countries studied, leading to a converging trajectory in institutions and policy development for organic agriculture. %0 Conference Paper %A Hann, Dr. Patrick %A Grünbacher, Mag. Eva-Maria %A Trska, Mag. Claus %A Kromp, Dr. Bernhard %D 2008 %E Šarapatka, Bořivoj %E Samsonová, Pavlína %F orgprints:15730 %I Bioinstitut, Křížkovského 8, 771 46 Olomouc, CZ %K grassland, white grub damage, climate change, drought, Austria %P 62-65 %T Effects of climate change on the dispersion of white grub damages in the Austrian grassland %U http://orgprints.org/15730/ %X Recent changes in occurrence of agricultural pests in Austria might already reflect climate change phenomena. In this study, an inventory of white grub (Melolontha melolontha, Amphimallon solstitiale and Phyllopertha horticola) damages in Austrian grassland including organic cultivation was performed by questioning plant protection consultants of 74 Agricultural County Chambers. Altogether, a cumulated 14.800 hectares of white grub damages were recorded. From 2000 onwards, a steady increase of white grub damages occurred with a climax in the year of heat and drought 2003. The infested fields extended along the alpine main ridge from Vorarlberg up to the alpine foreland. Additionally, southern slopes of the Danube valley in Upper and Lower Austria were affected. Very likely, the damages were mainly due to the garden chafer P. horticola. From 2004 to 2006, the extent of damages decreased again all over Austria. By studying meteorological data, it became obvious that the damaged areas were mainly situated in regions with a strong precipitation deficit. On-farm investigations performed in 2007 strengthened the hypothesis that drought and elevated soil temperatures might be the decisive factors for a strong development of grub populations and subsequent feeding damages. Additionally, drought can increase the effects of grub damage by delaying the regeneration of the damaged sward. A strongly damaged sward on slopes can be dangerous for the farmers e.g. by slipping machines. %0 Conference Paper %A Hanrahan, J.P. %A Good, Barbara %D 2008 %F orgprints:19850 %I Teagasc, Ireland %P 55-58 %T Lamb Production:grazing management, breeding policy and parasite control %U http://orgprints.org/19850/ %X Internal parasitic infection can pose major health problems in young livestock and this is particularly so in the context of lambs in organic production systems. In the context of sheep production on an organic farm the challenge to control parasite infection is especially difficult in situations where crop production is absent or a minor element of the whole farm system. Our investigations, to date at Athenry, have concerned an exploration of lamb production in an all-grass farming setting with particular attention being paid to the breeds employed and the seasonal patterns of gastrointestinal parasite challenge. This flock (about 110 ewes plus replacements) is wintered indoors and lambs in early March each year. %0 Generic %A Hansen, L.L. %A Stolzenbach, S. %A Jensen, J.A. %A Henckel, P. %A Hansen-Møller, J. %A Syriopoulos, K. %A Byrne, D.V. %D 2008 %F orgprints:14768 %P 1165-1173 %T Effect of feeding fermentable fibrerich feedstuffs on meat quality with emphasis on chemical and sensory boar taint in entire male and female pigs %U http://orgprints.org/14768/ %V 80 %X Skatole, androstenone and other compounds such as indole cause boar taint in entire male pork. However, female pigs also produce skatole and indole. The purpose of this experiment was to minimise boar taint and increase overall impression of sensory quality by feeding entire male and female pigs with fibrerich feedstuffs. The pigs have been fed three organic diets for either 1 or 2 weeks prior to slaughter of which two diets contained different fermentable fibre-rich feedstuffs – 10–13.3% dried chicory roots or 25% blue lupines. These two treatments were compared with pigs fed with an organic control diet for either 1 or 2 weeks prior to slaughter. Lupines significantly reduced skatole in blood and backfat for both genders after 1 week. Moreover, lupines showed negative impact on growth rate and feed conversion whilst chicory showed no significant differences in this respect. However, the indole concentration was significantly lower in chicory than lupine fed pigs. From a sensory perspective, chicory and lupine feeding reduced boar taint since odour and flavour of manure related to skatole and urine associated to androstenone were minimised. The level of boar taint in the entire male pigs was most effectively reduced after 14 days by both fibre-rich feeds while lupine had the largest influence on ‘‘boar” taint reduction in female pigs. %0 Conference Paper %A Hansen, Sissel %A Bakken, Anne Kjersti %D 2008 %E Neuhoff, Daniel %F orgprints:11946 %I ISOFAR %K forage, dairy cattle, deficiency, grassland, ruminant, sheep, mineralsip %P 160-163 %T A discussion of norms for S supply in organic farming based on content in forage and ruminant performance in Norway %U http://orgprints.org/11946/ %V II %X The content of sulphur (S) in grassland on 27 Norwegian organic farms with dairy or sheep production was investigated in 2001 and 2002. The forage content of S was below the norms (2 g S kg DM-1) for both plants and animals in a large proportion of the samples. The average S content in forage at dairy farms was 1.4 g S kg DM-1 and at sheep farms 1.5 g. Even on grasslands with low plant S content (<1 g S kg DM-1), S-fertilization did not increase yields and increased the plants’ S content only very slightly. No indications of S deficiency were observed on the dairy farms. For one sheep farm with a forage S content of 1.1 ± 0.1g S kg DM-1, brittle and short winter wool was reported. %0 Generic %A Hansen, Stine Rosenlund %A Schmidt, Hannah W. %A Nielsen, Thorkild %A Kristensen, Niels Heine %D 2008 %F orgprints:13349 %K Organic food, youth, public procurement, health, school meal systems, iPOPY %T Organic and conventional public food procurement for youth in Denmark %U http://orgprints.org/13349/ %X This report is the first mapping of the activities and state-of-the-art on public organic food procurement for youth. The report, on the Danish activities, comes together with similar reports from Finland, Italy and Norway. These four reports will inform a comparative analysis conducted by DTU in workpackage 2 of the iPOPY project. The major focus of the reports is school meals and the use of and potentials for organic products in this setting. But also other important settings than schools are included. The perspectives of the reports are on the policies and the policy processes influencing the extension of organic school meals. The report is produced within the project “innovative Public Organic food Procurement for Youth”, iPOPY, and will be updated and revised during the project period (2007-2010). %0 Thesis %A Hansen, Stine Rosenlund %A Schmidt, Hannah Wirenfeldt %B Roskilde Universitetscenter %D 2008 %F orgprints:14871 %I Technical University of Denmark %K iPOPY, food, school, municipality, Denmark %T Muligheder og barrierer for brug af økologiske ingredienser i skolemadsordninger %U http://orgprints.org/14871/ %X The report considers the following aspects: 1. The arguments that two Danish municipalities mention in relation to using, or choosing not to use, organic ingredients in school meal systems. 2. The reasons for school meal companies to use, or not to use, organic ingredients in their production as well as the challenges they meet in relation to organic food. In relation to analyzing how the municipalities organize the school meal systems, we include issues such as the most common arguments used to legitimize their choice of meal system, objectives, involvement of users, most relevant decision makers etc. In the case of school meal companies, the project includes an analysis of barriers such as economy, supply of organic ingredients, structural conditions, cooperation with municipalities etc. %0 Generic %A Hansen, Preben Klarskov %A Willas, Jakob %A Kristensen, Kristian %D 2008 %F orgprints:11294 %I Blackwell Publishing %K cultivars, crop-weed interaction, competitive ability, variety testing, non-linear mixed modelling, weed suppression, sensor-based measurements, cereals %P 225-236 %T A weed suppressive index for spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) varieties %U http://orgprints.org/11294/ %V 48 %X A screening programme for crop variety competitiveness would ideally be based on only a few, non-destructive measurements of key growth traits. In this study we measured the weed suppressive ability of 79 varieties of spring barley in two ways: 1) directly, by weed coverage assessments under weedy conditions at three Danish locations in 2002-2004, and 2) indirectly, by non-destructive measurements of varietal growth traits under weed-free conditions in 17 other experiments in Denmark in 2001-2003. Based on just four varietal growth traits (reflectance, leaf area index, leaf angle and culm length), we successfully developed a method for indexing the weed suppressive ability of spring barley varieties. The suppressive index ranged from 12% in ‘Lux’ and 55% in ‘Modena’ in proportion to the 90% quantile coverage of all varieties. The index was validated against independent data from two locations in 2005 with 14 and 24 varieties and found valuable for future use in regular screening programmes. %0 Book %A Hanuš, O. %A Landová, H. %A Macek, A. %A Genčurová, V. %A Rozsypal, Roman %A Vorlíček, Zdeněk %A Roubal, P. %C Jihočeská univerzita České Budějovice %D 2008 %F orgprints:21308 %I Scientific Pedagogical Publishing %K ekologické zemědělství, mlékařství, kravské mléko, minerální složení mléka, anorganické hnojivo, vápník, hořčík milk, cow, mineral components, calcium, mangesium, organic %T The impact of organic farming on mineral composition of cow milk %U http://orgprints.org/21308/ %X Milk mineral matters are important in human nutrition, especially Ca, Mg and I. Increase of milk Mg along decrease of NPK soil fertilization under the Czech Republic (CR) conditions was predicted. This hypothetical prediction is based on antagonistic relationships between K fertilization, Mg level in cow roughage feeding and transfer of Mg into milk. In difference testing the conventional (C) cow milk was reference versus organic (O) milk. Holstein bulk milk samples (BMS) from winter and summer season in 4 C (n = 32 BMSs) and in 4 O (n = 16) herds were investigated. 6 herds were and 2 C were not grazed, other nutrition was typical under the CR conditions. Average MY of C herds was 7016±1068 and MY of O herds was 7037±422 kg per lactation. Macro- and microelements were investigated: Ca, P, Na, Mg and K (in mg kg-1); I (in μg l-1), Mn, Fe, Cu and Zn (in mg kg-1). Somatic cell count (SCC) was lower (P>0.05) in O herds (geometric mean 216 < 267 103 ml-1). There were differences (P<0.05) in Na (O higher), I (O lower), Mn (O lower), Cu (O higher) and Zn (O lower). Ca results C 1213 and O 1257 mg kg-1 are comparable to late result 1222 and higher than in bygone times 1160 mg kg-1 at lower MY and comparable SCC 243 103 ml-1. Results of Na and differences in Mg and Ca (P>0.05) in terms of trends confirm predicted hypothesis that Na, Ca and Mg will be higher after NPK fertilization decrease. Smaller investigated changes in mineral composition were better for human nutrition in O. Key words: organic farming, dairying, cow milk, mineral milk composition, inorganic fertilizer, calcium, magnesium %0 Generic %A Hanuš, O. %A Roubal, P. %A Vorlíček, Zdeněk %A Rozsypal, Roman %A Janů, L. %A Genčurová, V. %A Pozdíšek, J. %D 2008 %F orgprints:21323 %K organic farming, altitude, raw cow milk, breed, milk yield, herd size, reproduction performance, service period, insemination index, production disorders, longevity, milking equipment, milk quality, milk composition, solid non fat, fat, proteins, casein, urea, residues of inhibitory substances, total mesophilic bacteria count, somatic cell count, well, communal water pipes, drinking water quality, water hygiene indicators, nitrate, nitrite ekologické zemědělství, nadmořská výška, syrové kravské mléko, plemeno, mléčná užitkovost, velikost stáda, reprodukční vlastnosti, servis perioda, inseminační index, produkční poruchy, dlouhověkost, dojicí zařízení, kvalita mléka, složení mléka, sušina tukuprostá, tuk, bílkoviny, kasein, močovina, rezidua inhibičních látek, celkový počet mezofilních mikroorganismů, počet somatických buněk, studna, komunální vodovod, kvalita pitné vody, hygienické ukazatele vody, dusičnany, dusitany %N 1 %P 13-37 %T Possible roles, positions, factors and components of dairying in organic farming – a rewiev, mapping, survey and comparison in the Czech Republic %U http://orgprints.org/21323/ %V 181 %X The full-value experiment is questionable in evaluation organic dairying. It is problem to do a trial under comparable conditions for comparison of organic and conventional farming because of legislative reasons and necessity of long period of such event. Most of comparisons are carried out as practice descriptive observations and any of them has been carried out about milk production. That is main reason, why the aim of this work is to carry out a opening of monitoring of some production conditions and results of bio-dairying in the Czech Republic (CR). The quality aspects of sources, procedures and products are main topics of solution of projects about organic farming philosophy, in particular in solution of organic dairy foodstuff chain. There were choosen twelve organic dairy farms (survey II, 2006) for more detail research of production conditions according to results of exploratory questionnaire (2006, survey I, n = 85 pieces of questionnaire and 58 organic farms, which practicise dairying) in the CR. The climatology characteristics of selected organic dairy farms were as follows: (I) 562±149 m above sea level on the average (from 270 to 970 m a. s. l.); (II) 571.0±69.9 m above sea level, mean year temperature 6.0±1.1 ºC and average year rainfall sum 843.0±184.3 mm. It is clear according to previously mentioned figures that the organic (ecology) dairy farming is realized mostly in the mountain or sub-mountain areas (less favourable areas, LFAs) as compared to climatic conditions of CR mean profile. The results of investigation of organic farm (E) and breeder conditions and dairy cow health state, reproduction performance and milk quality in organic farms (I data file) as compared to conventional dairy cow herds (K) were: milk yield (E) was 14.2±3.4 kg of milk/cow/day on average and 5165±1112 kg/cow/year; E farms have 50 % free stables, some of them as different untraditional modifications (mostly in herds with low number of dairy cows); it is necessary to increase this amount for welfare improvement in the future; there are 52 % of binding stables in K herds; there (E) is high occurrence frequency of can milking equipments (46.4 %); there are 5.4 % cases of hand milking, 21.4 % of pipeline milking equipments and 26.8 % of milking parlours; there (K) are 3 % of can milking equipments, 50 % of pipeline milking equipments and 47 % of milking parlours; the average organic herd has 60±91 heads it means about 1/3 of K herd in the CR; geometrical average (xg) of organic herd size is 17 heads; daily milk deliveries were 1318±1475 kg in summer and 976±1368 kg in winter season (there is too high variability in the mentioned indicators); breed structure of E herds is 59.8 % of Bohemian Spotted cattle, 18.8 % of Holstein (H), 12.5 % of Jersey breed; H breed is dominating 47.5 % in K herds; average ratio of excluded milk (for secretion disorders or treatment) is 2.99 % in E herds and 4.6 % in K herds (P<0.01); also there (E) is lower occurrence of clinical mastitis 0.53±1.97 %; service period is 124.3 days in K and 98.7±46,1 days in E herds on average (P<0.01); there (E) is better insemination index 1.66±0.45 in comparison to K herds 2.07 (P<0.01); there is longer longevity as duration of production life of dairy cows in E herds (6.02 lactations, „about 141 % better”) in comparison to K herds (2.50 lactations, P<0.01); milk quality showed the average total mesophilic bacteria count (CPM) 36.0±26.8 ths. CFU/ml in organic farms (E), which is comparable to the conventional farms (K); somatic cell count (PSB) was 192±87 ths./ml in E herds and 256 ths./ml in K herds, which is in connection with the lower ratio of milk exclusion from delivery in E herds; an occurrence of residues of inhibitory substances (RIL) was not reported in E herds, which is more advantageous in comparison to the K herds (0.16 %) and it could be an impact of lowered antibiotica drug use; the average fat and lactose contents (T; 4.05±0.19 %) and (L; 4.83±0.15 %) are well comparable with K farms and the results show on higher energy deficiency in E herd nutrition. The water quality (II) is necessary in dairying as well. Drinking water is necessary for health of animals (their watering) and for milk quality (milking equipment sanitation) as well. Drinking water is asked in dairy farms by legislation. The E farm water quality: the nitrate level varied in the range from 1.63 to 28 mg/l with average 10.5 mg/l in ecological farms and standard limit 50 mg/l was not exceeded; the levels of nitrite and ammonia ions were mostly under detection limit of method; legislative limit <0.5 mg/l was not exceeded by nitrite and once by ammonia ions 0.81 mg/l. The microbiological indicators are more sensitive of course. In total the limits were exceeded 7× u in coliform bacteria, 3× in streptococci and Escherichia coli was confirmed 3× (in comparison to demand 0). Therefore it is necessary to take care of incidental water source sanitation. The effect of origin of water source (communal water pipes or own well in the organic farm area) which was used in the organic farming (II) was: the more marked result differences were not observed between own wells (S) and communal water supply (V) in E farms; an exception was stated in insignificantly better results of hygienic indicators of communal supply; therefore it is necessary to put the higher importance on sanitation of own water sources. There were identified eight own wells and four communal supply. E. g. nitrate levels were a little higher for wells 11.7 > 8.2 mg/l. The nitrites were not different. Chemical oxygen consumption was 0.45 and 0.52 mg/l. The more expressive differences were identified in chlorides, sulphates and Mg: 8.33 and 3.02 mg/l; 27.9 and 16.8 mg/l; 18.9 and 3.5 mg/l. %0 Generic %A Hanuš, O. %A Vorlíček, Zdeněk %A Sojková, K. %A Rozsypal, Roman %A Vyletělová, Marie %A Roubal, P. %A Genčurová, V. %A Pozdíšek, J. %A Landová, H. %D 2008 %F orgprints:21322 %K conventional farming; cow; environment; Holstein; macroelement; microelement ; milk yield; organic farming; technological property %N 3-4 %P 155-159 %T A COMPARISON OF SELECTED MILK INDICATORS IN ORGANIC HERDS WITH CONVENTIONAL HERD AS REFERENCE %U http://orgprints.org/21322/ %V 52 %X In a historical sense, current organic farming is an old-new alternative under changed world conditions. Organic dairying (O) is an alternative of friendly use of the environment in time of presupposed global climate changes. Potential impact of organic farming on raw cow-milk quality, composition and properties, as conpared to conventional milk production (C), were evaluatedin this paper on the basis of selectedm ilk indicators (MIs). Total solids, whey volume, pH of milk fermentation ability (FAM-pH), FAM streptococci, FAM noble lactic acid bacteria, I and Cu were higher in C milk (P<0.05). The alcohol stability (AS), titration acidity, curd firmness (CF), FAM titration acidity (FAM-T), Ca, P, Mg, K and Fe were higher in O milk (P<0.05). No differences( P>0.05) were observed in pH, rennet coagulation time, curd quality, FAM lactobacilli and streptococci/lactobacilli, Na, Mn and Zn. In general, the differences were a little more advantageous for O milk from both technological and nutritional point of view, particularly because of AS (0.46<0.58ml , C vs. O) , CF (1.88>1 .81m m), FAM-T (27.3< 33.8ml of 0.25mol . l ' rNaOH. I00ml r )F, AM-pH ( 5.1 > 4.6 ) , Ca (1172 < l257 mg.kg-1)P, ( 950 < l004 mg. kg-1) and Mg 107.4 1 in intercrops at wider row distance suggests facilitative interactions and some kind of compensation. %0 Conference Paper %A Kijlstra, Prof.Dr. Aize %A Bos, Dr. Bram %D 2008 %F orgprints:12253 %K animal welfare, food safety, dioxins, paratuberculosis, toxoplasma %T Animal welfare and food safety: danger, risk and the distribution of responsibility %U http://orgprints.org/12253/ %X Increased animal welfare may pose risks for public health, such as increased bacterial, viral or parasitic infections or an increased level of environmental contaminants in the food product. Examples include Campylobacter in organic boilers, Toxoplasma in pigs and poultry meat and Mycobacterium paratuberculosis in milk. Concerning environmental contaminants it is known that free-foraging laying hens will produce eggs that contain higher dioxin levels than hens kept in cages. Furthermore, outdoor chickens are considered to play an important role in the case of Avian flu outbreaks. This review indicates that it is possible to tackle each of the issues mentioned. Risk management is not only a responsibility of the government, but also should be divided amongst the participants in the food chain, including the consumer. To this end it is important that transparency about risks be maintained and optimal communication employed. %0 Generic %A Kijlstra, Prof.Dr. Aize %A Hoogenboom, Dr. Ron %A Traag, Dr. Wim %D 2008 %F orgprints:14797 %K eggs, dioxins %T Controlling egg dioxin levels from laying hens with outdoor run %U http://orgprints.org/14797/ %X After the first news items concerning raised dioxin levels in eggs from hens with outdoor access were published in the summer of 2001, Wageningen UR carried out intensive research activities to understand the problem and to find a way to manage the problem. In 2004 the first Wageningen UR report on this issue was published. It described the possible factors that were associated with high egg dioxin levels in organic poultry farms. The most striking feature was the number of laying hens on the farm. Small and middle sized farms regularly produced eggs that exceeded the dioxin levels set out by the EU. In a follow-up study the relationship between egg dioxin levels and flock size was further analyzed and on-farm control measures were tested. Flock size was shown to be correlated with the use of the outdoor run. Two explanations were found for this observation. The first explanation is that large farms only open the barn doors late in the morning or even at the beginning of the afternoon. Small farms, on the other hand, often do not have doors at all or open them early in the morning. Furthermore, it turns out that the amount of time spent in the outdoor run is inversely related with the size of the flock. Hens from a large flock spend no more than 20% of the available time outside. The increasing scale of organic poultry systems thus already diminishes the problem with dioxin levels. Especially since large-scale organic poultry farms have a market share of 99% in The Netherlands. Various observations from the current project confirm the hypothesis that duration of outdoor run use is related to egg dioxin levels. On one farm with the same flock of hens, but kept under three different management systems, we found a direct relation between duration of outdoor run use and egg dioxin levels. Secondly, on farms where we decreased the amount of time that the hens were allowed outside and fed them inside the barn, egg dioxin levels dropped markedly. Thirdly, we noted a marked lowering of egg dioxin levels after hens were confined inside the barn due to a potential threat of aviary influenza infection from wild birds. When outside, hens pick up soil, worms and insects. The dioxins present in these are transferred very efficiently to the hens’ eggs. The longer the hens stay outside, the higher the intake from these sources, which results in high egg dioxin levels. Historical pollution of the soil with dioxins is the main cause of dioxin in the eggs of hens kept in outdoor runs. We found a clear correlation between dioxin levels in soil and in eggs from chickens kept on this soil. This project showed that replacing contaminated soil with fresh sand resulted in a marked drop in the egg dioxin levels. Although worms and other micro fauna could contribute to the egg dioxin levels, we still do not know what the relative contribution from these sources is as compared to the contribution from soil uptake. The knowledge that was gained with this project can now be used to efficiently control egg dioxin levels in poultry with outdoor access, by taking measures mainly directed at the duration of outdoor run use. Thanks to these measures and the introduction of a dioxin monitoring protocol, dioxin levels can nowadays be managed quite easily. Small organic enterprises still need some attention, as they generally do not take part in the dioxin monitoring protocol, due to economic reasons. Their market share however, is less than 1%. %0 Generic %A Kijlstra, Prof.Dr. Aize %A Jongert, Dr. Erik %D 2008 %F orgprints:14798 %K toxoplasmosis, meat, uveitis, organic pigs %N 12 %P 1359-1370 %T Control of the risk of human toxoplasmosis transmitted by meat %U http://orgprints.org/14798/ %V 38 %X One-third of the human world population is infected with the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii. Recent calculations of the disease burden of toxoplasmosis rank this foodborne disease at the same level as salmonellosis or campylobacteriosis. The high disease burden in combination with disappointing results of the currently available treatment options have led to a plea for more effective prevention. In this review we describe Toxoplasma as a hazard associated with the consumption of undercooked meat or meat products and provide an analysis of the various options to control the risk of human toxoplasmosis via this source. Monitoring and surveillance programs may be implemented for pre-harvest control of Toxoplasma infection of farm animals, with the reduction of environmental oocyst load as the most important milestone. Alternatively, Toxoplasma safe meat can be obtained through simple post-harvest decontamination procedures, whereby freezing the meat may currently be the best option, although new technologies using irradiation or high-pressure treatment may offer promising alternatives. Influence of culture, religion and food handling customs may predispose a certain type of meat as an important source of infection, indicating that prevention needs to be tailored according to social habits in different regions in the world. The rationale for more stringent control measures to prevent toxoplasmosis both from disease and economic points of view is emphasized. %0 Generic %A Kijlstra, Prof.Dr. Aize %A Meerburg, Dr. Bastiaan %A Cornelissen, Jan %A De Craeye, Ste´phane %A Vereijken, Pieter %A Jongert, Dr. Erik %D 2008 %F orgprints:13828 %I Elsevier %K T. gondii; Rodent control; Pigs; Parasite reservoir; Rattus norvegicus; Mus musculus; Apodemus sylvaticus; Crocidura russula %T The role of rodents and shrews in the transmission of Toxoplasma gondii to pigs %U http://orgprints.org/13828/ %X Inadequate rodent control is considered to play a role in Toxoplasma gondii infection of pigs. This issue was addressed in the current study by combining a 4-month rodent control campaign and a 7-month longitudinal analysis of T. gondii seroprevalence in slaughter pigs. Three organic pig farms with known rodent infestation were included in the study. On these farms, presence of T. gondii in trapped rodents was evaluated by real-time PCR. All rodent species and shrews investigated had T. gondii DNA in brain or heart tissue. Prevalence was 10.3% in Rattus norvegicus, 6.5% in Mus musculus, 14.3% in Apodemus sylvaticus and 13.6% in Crocidura russula. Initial T. gondii seroprevalence in the slaughter pigs ranged between 8% and 17% and dropped on the three farms during the rodent control campaign to 0–10%, respectively. After 4 months of rodent control, T. gondii infection was absent from pigs from two of the three farms investigated and appeared again in one of those two farms after the rodent control campaign had stopped. This study emphasizes the role of rodents and shrews in the transmission of T. gondii to pigs and the importance of rodent control towards production of T. gondii-free pig meat. %0 Conference Paper %A Kilcher, Lukas %A Eisenring, Tobias %A Menon, Manoj %D 2008 %F orgprints:12987 %K Internationale Zusammenarbeit, Bildung, Beratung, Forschung, Market development, creating new local and regional markets, international and national trade barriers, impact of organic markets on food security %T Organic market development in Africa, Asia and Latin America: Case studies and conclusions for national action plans %U http://orgprints.org/12987/ %X Organic market strategies of many developing countries are mainly export oriented. On one hand, this is due to lack of local and regional market development. On the other hand, this is due to the fact that the organic market offers producers and trading companies in the South and East excellent export opportunities. How can developing countries develop local and regional markets? The promotion of organic markets ¬– both on local and international level – gets more and more attention in agricultural policies and in development cooperation. One big challenge is to support trade rules and favourable business conditions up to comprehensive national action plans in order to support the development of the organic market. Special focus needs the development of domestic markets for organic food products. There is a need for accompanying measures such as regional and national promotion activities, development of regional labels and capacity building. In each socio-economic environment, such initiatives and development programmes are differently. The paper analyzes examples of organic market development strategies, promotions programmes and projects in Asia, Africa and Latin America. %0 Conference Paper %A Kirk, Anne %A Fox, Dr. Stephen %A Entz, Dr. Martin %A Tenuta, Dr. Mario %D 2008 %F orgprints:11917 %K spring wheat, arbuscular mycorrhiza, heritage wheat, phosphorus %T Preliminary Findings on the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Colonization of Organic Wheat %U http://orgprints.org/11917/ %X Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi aid many crop plants in the uptake of phosphorus, which is one of the most limiting nutrients in organic crop production. Genotypic variation for mycorrhizal colonization exists in wheat cultivars. Mycorrhizal colonization and yield were studied in 5 modern wheat cultivars and 5 older wheat cultivars to investigate if differences in colonization exist between the cultivars. Cultivars that may be better suited for organic production are identified. %0 Conference Paper %A Kledal, Paul Rye %D 2008 %F orgprints:14738 %K Organic farming, Egypt, private sector development %T Økologisk og konventionelt landbrug i Egypten - eksportsamarbejdsmuligheder for danske frugt- og grønsagsproducenter %U http://orgprints.org/14738/ %X Overview of the organic sector in Egypt such as farm structure, number of farms, production area and location. Description of potential investments as well as guidelines for type of farms to cooperate with. %0 Generic %A Kledal, Paul Rye %D 2008 %F orgprints:14741 %K Økologisk jordbrug i Egypten %N 6 %P 320-321 %T Nilens vand er livsnerven i Egypten %U http://orgprints.org/14741/ %X En beskrivelse af den økologiske sektor i Egypten %0 Generic %A Kledal, Paul Rye %D 2008 %E Hansen, Mikael B. %F orgprints:14744 %I Jordbrugsakademikerne %K økologisk jordbrug i Kina, kapitalisme, landdistriktsudvikling %N 3 %P 10-13 %T Opbrud i Landdistrikterne %U http://orgprints.org/14744/ %X En beskrivelse af de hastige forandringer Kinas landdistrikter gennemgår og de problemer det kinsiske samfund står overfor både idag og i fremtiden. Case studierne fra GLOBALORG i Kina benyttes som til at illustrere mere detaljeret hvilke ændringer der foregår og som vil forandre Kina for altid. %0 Conference Paper %A Kledal, Paul Rye %D 2008 %F orgprints:14736 %K Development policy, organic agriculture as a private sector development %T Organic farming - an opportunity for Developing countries? %U http://orgprints.org/14736/ %X Within the academics of development policy organic farming is often regarded as a production for the rich, due to the fact that a major part of the organic production in the South goes to the wealthy North. However, the organic sector in developing countries are generally dominated by entrepreneurs with a high knowledge on the requirements for supplying global commodity chains to the North as well as all the obstacles in the South for obtaining such a position. Rather than being viewed as a niche production for the rich. the organic sector should be regarded as a potential locomotive for agricultural development in the South. %0 Conference Paper %A Kledal, Paul Rye %D 2008 %F orgprints:14739 %K Supermarket strategies, globalization %T Retailer globalization %U http://orgprints.org/14739/ %X Presentation on retailers who have gone global, the different strategies they have pursued and the drivers and motivations for the major retailer chains for going global. %0 Generic %A Kledal, Paul Rye %A el Araby, Ahmed %A G. Salem, Sherif %D 2008 %E Willer, Helga %E Yusseffi-Menzler, Minuo %E Sorensen, Neil %F orgprints:14743 %I IFOAM & Fibl %K Organic food and farming in Egypt %P 160-164 %T Organic Food and Farming in Egypt %U http://orgprints.org/14743/ %X Description of the organic Food and farm sector in Egypt, production and farmstructure, historical development, institutional set-up, certificiers, market trends for the domestic as well as export and future prospects for growth. %0 Generic %A Kledal, Paul Rye %A Meldgaard, Mette %D 2008 %F orgprints:14847 %K økologisk forarbejdningsindustri, økologisk svineproduktion, økologisk mælkeproduktion, økologisk kornvareproduktion, klyngeindustrier %T Den Økologiske Forarbejdningssektor i Danmark %U http://orgprints.org/14847/ %X An analysis of the organic processing industry in Denmark describing the present actors, the barriers and potentials for further growth as well as the development prospects. %0 Book %A Kleinheitz, Rebecca %A Hermanowski, Robert %D 2008 %F orgprints:14391 %I Forschungsinstitut für biologischen Landbau (FiBL), Frankfurt %K Leitfaden, Menschen mit Behinderung, Landwirtschaft, Betriebsporträts, Fördermöglichkeiten %T Zusammen schaffen wir was! - Beschäftigung von Menschen mit Behinderung in der Landwirtschaft %U http://orgprints.org/14391/ %X Sie haben noch nie in Erwägung gezogen, einen Menschen mit Behinderung auf Ihrem Betrieb zu beschäftigen? Warum eigentlich nicht? In diesem Leitfaden erfahren Sie, welche Möglichkeiten es gibt, wo Sie finanzielle Unterstützung beantragen können und was Sie beachten müssen. Welche Facetten die Beschäftigung von Menschen mit Behinderung hat, zeigen zusätzlich dreizehn Porträts von ganz unterschiedlichen Betrieben. So lernen Sie einen Hof kennen, auf dem zwei Männer in der sogenannten psychiatrischen Familienpflege leben sowie Betriebe, die Arbeitsplätze für Beschäftigte einer Werkstatt für behinderte Menschen anbieten. Was allen gemeinsam ist: Die Menschen, die dort arbeiten, sind nicht nur durch ihre Persönlichkeit eine Bereicherung für den Betrieb, sondern auch eine echte Hilfe bei der täglichen Arbeit. %0 Conference Paper %A Kleinschmidt, N. %A von Samson-Himmelstjerna, G. %A Demeler, J. %A Koopmann, R. %D 2008 %F orgprints:11872 %K Animal health, cattle, animal husbandry and breeding, gastro-intestinal nematodes %T Incidence of anthelmintic resistance in cattle farms in Northern Germany – first results %U http://orgprints.org/11872/ %X Anthelmintic resistance (AR) is an increasing problem worldwide especially for small ruminants and it is also rising in cattle. To maintain the efficacy of anthelmintics is an important objective. The current project aims at the investigation of the current efficacy of macrocyclic lactone anthelmintics for strongylid nematodes in first season grazing (FSG) calves in Northern Germany. On 8 participating farms in Northern Germany faecal egg count reduction tests (FECRT) with ivermectin (IVM) were performed. On 3 farms the efficacy of IVM was found to be ≤90% and on only 4 farms it was > 95% at 14 days post treatment (d.p.t.). Only 2 farms showed a reduction ≥ 95% at 21 d.p.t.. This survey reveals a rising problem of AR. The problem of drug resistance places the welfare of animals at risk. In organic farming, without a preventive treatment, livestock may harbour high worm counts. Therefore it is necessary to maintain powerful anthelmintic drugs to guarantee the welfare of animals that need salvage treatment. To investigate the AR problem in cattle more surveys with different anthelmintic drug classes are urgently needed. %0 Generic %A Klocke, Peter %A Biegel, Ulrike %A Clottu, Ophélie %A Ramos, Mac %A Gerber, Vinzenz %A Ruess-Melzer, Katja %D 2008 %F orgprints:17260 %I Elsevier %K viscum album, Mistel, Equines Sarkoid, Fibrosarkom, Katze Pferd, Krebs %N Suppl. %P 48 %T Using Viscum album extracts (ISCADOR) for successful management of neoplasms of the skin in horses and cats in consideration of aspects relevant to human medicine. %U http://orgprints.org/17260/ %V 1 %X Background: Mistletoe extracts (Viscum album extracts, VAE) such as ISCADOR, have been used successfully in human oncology for many years. In veterinary medicine, there have been reports of successful treatment, but scientific data on efficacy are lacking. Two studies were therefore conducted to assess whether VAE can serve as an adjunct to standard treatment in horses and cats. Methods: As part of a placebo-controlled double-blind study (study 1), 53 horses with equine sarcoid (a solitary or multifocal skin tumor) were treated with VAE pini (pine mistletoe) in progressively increasing doses (n=32) or with a sodium chloride solution (n=21). Three times a week for 15 weeks. All horses were observed over a period of 12 months for tumor recurrence and cure. In an observational study (study 2), 44 cats with fibrosarcoma, a very common skin tumor with a high rate of recurrence, were treated postoperatively with 0.1% (0.5ml per dose) oral VAE quercus (oak mistletoe) twice daily, and disease free survival was measured. Results: In study 1, treatment with ISCADOR led to significantly better results than placebo. Improvement was seen in 41% of the cases (placebo 14%), and cure was achieved in 28% of the cases (placebo 14%). In study 2, disease-free survival time in cats treated postoperatively with VAE quercus was 438 days compared with 365 to 475 days for conventional chemotherapies and 120 to 261 days for surgery alone, as seen in literature. Aggressive surgery combined with radiation and chemotherapy led to markedly superior results (661 to 986 days). Conclusion: The study 1 was able to demonstrate, for the first time, the efficacy of VAE compared to placebo control. This study also showed that the effect of VAE apparently extends considerably beyond the treatment period; unexpectedly, only very few recurrences were observed between the end of treatment and the 12th month of observation. The results of the study 2 show that oral administration of mistletoe preparations also yields satisfactory prophylactic effects. The discussion surrounding oral treatment and the question whether it can replace injection treatment must therefore be continued, even in human medicine. %0 Book %A Klocke, Peter %A Heil, Fritz %A Notz, Christophe %A Spranger, Jörg %A Stöger, Elisabeth %A Walkenhorst, Michael %A Striezel, Andreas %B Fiche technique %C Ch-Frick und CH-Lausanne %D 2008 %F orgprints:18057 %I FiBL und AGRIDEA %K santé animale, inventaire et médecine complémentaire,essais cliniques, vaches laitières, santé du pis, maladies des pis, antibiotique, Tiergesundheit, Komplementärmedizin %T La santé des mamelles dans les fermes laitières %U http://orgprints.org/18057/ %X Dans un projet de recherche sur 100 exploitations laitières le FiBL a développé et mis au point - avec l'aide financière du fonds Coop Naturaplan - un procédé alternatif, éthique et écologique pour l'assainissement des mamelles. La fiche téchnique contient des recommandations d' assainissement par étape des mamelles chez la vache laitière et conforme aux directives bio. Les mesures pour maintenir la santé des mammelles sans antibiotiques à long terme sont également présentées. %0 Conference Paper %A Knierim, U. %A Staack, M. %A Gruber, B. %A Keppler, C. %A Zaludik, K. %A Niebuhr, K. %D 2008 %F orgprints:11775 %K poultry, laying hens, pullet rearing, feather pecking, housing %T Risk factors for feather pecking in organic laying hens –starting points for prevention in the housing environment %U http://orgprints.org/11775/ %X Feather pecking still presents a major problem in organic laying hen farming. In order to identify important risk factors during the laying period as well as during the rearing period in an exploratory epidemiological approach, we followed birds from 23 organic rearing units in Austria and Germany to 46 laying units. Management and housing conditions were recorded during one day visits in the 16th to 18th and 30th to 40th week of age, respectively. As an indicator of feather pecking, feather conditions of random samples of 30 hens per laying farm were assessed. Average feather scores from 0 (best) to 3 (worst) were calculated. The average score of 0.73 (± 0.44) was not significantly different from the score of 0.77 (± 0.33) from 54 conventional farms assessed in the same way (p=0.247). 73 % of the total variance in feather score between the different organic farms could be explained by 6 variables. About 79 % of the explained variation was due to rearing conditions. The major risk factors for poor plumage were little elevated perch space, few drinking places and no regular scattering of grain during the rearing period, as well as poor litter quality during the laying period. It is concluded that these are feasible starting points for improved prevention strategies against feather pecking. %0 Conference Paper %A Koesling, Matthias %D 2008 %F orgprints:14988 %K Debio, sertifisering, utmelding, Opting out, deregistering, certification %T Mange forhold spiller sammen - resultater fra dybdeintervju med tidligere økobønder %U http://orgprints.org/14988/ %X Det ble gjennomført dybdeintervju for å belyse hvilke faktorer som spiller sammen når bønder melder seg ut av sertifisert økologisk produksjon. Det ble valgt ut fire brukere som har meldt seg ut mellom 2002 til 2007. Det ble valgt ut brukere med sauehold, kumelk, grønnsaker, poteter og urter og korn. I tillegg ble det intervjuet to økologiske ringledere og gått gjennom skriftlige tilbakemeldinger fra spørreundersøkelsen. %0 Generic %A Koesling, Matthias %A Flaten, Ola %A Lien, Gudbrand %D 2008 %E Darnhofer, Ika %E Schermer, Markus %E Schneeberger, Walter %F orgprints:14870 %I Inderscience Publishers Ltd. %K adoption; motivation; survey; multinomial logit; Norway; organic farming; crop farmers; dairy farmers; values; agricultural policy, ØKORISK %N Vol. 7; Issue 1/2 %P 78-95 %T Factors influencing the conversion to organic farming in Norway %U http://orgprints.org/14870/ %V Special Issue on: "Continuity and Change in Organic Farming - Philosophy, Practice and Policy" %X Determinants of the decision to convert to organic farming methods are examined by applying bivariate analyses and a multinomial logit model to a survey of 1018 Norwegian crop and dairy farmers. The results show that 4% of the conventional respondents plan to convert by 2009, which may imply that the national goal of 10% organically managed area will not be achieved. The analysis indicates that organic farmers, compared to their conventional counterparts, are more likely to have larger farms, more education, be located closer to urban areas, be crop farmers, have 'sustainable and environment-friendly farming' as a goal and hold favourable views about the values of organic farming methods. Even though the farmers who are planning to convert seem to be more business-minded and less organically oriented than the existing organic producers, policies for promoting organic farming which confine itself to financial considerations may miss important factors which prompt farmers to convert. %0 Conference Paper %A Koesling, Matthias %A Løes, Anne-Kristin %D 2008 %F orgprints:15359 %K organic food, school, lunch, Norway, fruit, milk, iPOPY %T Norwegian lunch packages - fruit and milk schemes - %U http://orgprints.org/15359/ %X About Norwegian lunch packages. Their history and current schemes for fruit and milk. %0 Conference Paper %A Koesling, Matthias %A Løes, Anne-Kristin %A Flaten, Ola %A Lien, Gudbrand %D 2008 %F orgprints:11898 %K organic farming standards, opting out, motivations for organic farming %T Dropping organic certification - effects on organic farming in Norway %U http://orgprints.org/11898/ %X From 2002 to 06, the annual dropout rate of certified organic farmers averaged 7.3%. A project was started in 2007 to explore farmer’s reasons for opting out of certified organic production. Important factors seem to be public regulations including standards for organic farming, agronomy, economy, and farm exit. While many organic farmers with relatively small holdings have opted out, farmers with more land and larger herds tend to convert to organic agriculture. The trend towards larger-scale farms in organic than in conventional agriculture, encouraged by the design of the organic farming payments, challenges the organic principles of diversity and fairness. Means should be considered to ensure that small organic enterprises are also economically viable. %0 Conference Paper %A Koesling, Matthias %A Løes, Anne-Kristin %A Flaten, Ola %A Lien, Gudbrand %D 2008 %E Alföldi, Thomas %E Caporali, Fabio %E Halberg, Niels %E Hermansen, John %F orgprints:13743 %I IFOAM %K opting out, Norway, motivation %P 378 %T Poster: Dropping organic certification - effects on organic farming in Norway %U http://orgprints.org/13743/ %V ISBN: 978-3-03736-024-8 %X Numerous studies have examined organic farmers’ characteristics, motives, attitudes and barriers related to the conversion from conventional to organic farming. Recent studies have also discussed the perceived problems and reasons stated by organic farmers for opting out of certified production. In Norway, farmers’ reasons for opting out of certified organic farming have so far just been explored on a regional level or limited to one production; most such analyses have not been published internationally. E.g., it has not been explored if the farmers in question return to conventional practices or exit farming altogether. %0 Conference Paper %A Köhl, J. %D 2008 %E Boos, Markus %F orgprints:13637 %K apple scab, biological control, antagonist, mass production, shelf life %P 23-28 %T New approaches in biological control of apple scab %U http://orgprints.org/13637/ %X Apple scab caused by Venturia inaequalis is a major disease in apple production. In organic farming scab control depends on the use of fungicides based on copper or sulphur. Since the use of copper will be restricted in the European Union and the use of sulphur often leads to insufficient control and phytotoxicity, alternative control measures are needed. The use of microbial antagonists may be an alternative to fungicides for scab control. Scab epidemics during summer are driven by conidia produced only on apple leaves. In this situation, antagonists present in the phyllosphere may interfere with conidia of the pathogen during sporulation or infection. Within the EU-funded project REPCO, more than hundred fungi were isolated from sporulating scab colonies and tested on apple seedlings for their potential to reduce sporulation of the pathogen. Since the aim of the study was to contribute to the development of a biocontrol product, only candidates were selected which fulfilled a range of additional criteria considering major constraints in development of biocontrol products. The best antagonists were applied under orchard conditions during two growing seasons. The antagonist H39 significantly reduced sporulation of V. inaequalis after most applications. However, in a few cases no effect was found. %0 Generic %A Köhler, Brigitte %A Kolbe, Hartmut %D 2008 %F orgprints:13628 %K BEFU, Humusbilanzierung, Nährstoffbilanzierung, Bodenqualität, Düngung %T PC-Programm BEFU, Teil Ökologischer Landbau: Verfahren zur Grunddüngung, Nährstoff- und Humusbilanzierung %U http://orgprints.org/13628/ %X Das PC-Programm BEFU zur Optimierung der Düngung, Nährstoff- und Humusbilanzierung wurde nun für ökologisch wirtschaftende Betriebe angepasst. Das Programm bietet Unterstützung bei der im Rahmen von Düngeverordnung und Cross Compliance geforderten Nährstoffvergleiche und Humusbilanzierungen. Gleichzeitig sind Berechnungen zur Betriebs- und Fruchtfolgegestaltung möglich. Damit erleichtert das Programm Landwirten die Erfüllung der zunehmenden Dokumentationspflichten auch im Bereich der Kontrolle zur EU-Öko-Verordnung. Darüber hinaus ist das Programm zum Einsatz in der vertieften Betriebsberatung geeignet. Es kann zur Aufdeckung von Schwachstellen und zur Optimierung des Nährstoffmanagements auf den Betrieben eingesetzt werden. Das PC-Programm ist für folgende Nutzergruppen vorgesehen: Landwirtschaftliche Praxis, Beratungseinrichtungen, Verbände, Kontrollstellen, Labore sowie Schule und Ausbildung. Die Anwendungsverfahren wurden von der Sächsischen Landesanstalt für Landwirtschaft auf der Grundlage langjähriger Erfahrungen beim Einsatz des Programms BEFU („Bestandesführung“) in der landwirtschaftlichen Praxis und umfangreicher Datenauswertungen aus dem ökologischen Landbau erstellt. BEFU – Teil ökologischer Landbau steht im Internet der LfL zum Download zur Verfügung. %0 Conference Paper %A Kokornaczyk, Maria %A Kahl, Dr. Johannes %A Roose, Marco %A Busscher, Dr. Nicolaas %A Ploeger, Prof. Dr. Angelika %D 2008 %F orgprints:11732 %K organic wheat, quality, lutein, total protein, biocrystallization %T Organic wheat quality from a defined Italian field-trial %U http://orgprints.org/11732/ %X Organic and conventional wheat grain (Triticum aestivum and Triticum durum) samples coming from a defined field trial in Italy were measured in 2005 and 2006 for their total protein content and the contents of lutein and zeaxanthin. Additionally the samples were analyzed by means of the biocrystallization method. The grain samples could be differentiated by the total protein content, which was higher in the conventional samples. The organic samples contained a higher lutein content in Triticum aestivum but lower in Triticum durum. Biocrystallization differentiated Triticum durum from Triticum aestivum and organic from conventional grown samples when visual evaluation was applied. Differentiation of farming systems was possible for biocrystallization evaluated with computerized texture analysis but not significant for all samples and years. %0 Generic %A Kolbe, Hartmut %D 2008 %F orgprints:13624 %K Kartoffeln, Düngung, Kompost, Stalldung, Gülle, organische Handelsprodukte, Ertrag, Qualität %T Wirkung organischer Düngemittel auf Ertrag und Qualität von Kartoffeln im Ökologischen Landbau %U http://orgprints.org/13624/ %X Für einen erfolgreichen ökologischen Kartoffelanbau müssen geeignete Düngemittel eingesetzt werden. In diesem Beitrag werden die Ergebnisse von 115 Versuchen über die Wirkung von Kompost, Stalldung, Gülle und organischen Handelsdüngemitteln ausgewertet. %0 Generic %A Kolbe, Hartmut %A Köhler, Brigitte %D 2008 %F orgprints:15101 %I Saechsisches Landesamt fuer Umwelt, Landwirtschaft und Geologie %K PC-Programm, Nährstoffmanagement, Bodenfruchtbarkeit, landwirtschaftliche Praxis, Nährstoffbilanzierung, Humusbilanzierung, Grunddüngung, legume N-Bindung %N 36 %P 1-253 %T Erstellung und Beschreibung des PC-Programms BEFU, Teil Ökologischer Landbau. Verfahren der Grunddüngung, legumen N-Bindung, Nährstoff- und Humusbilanzierung %U http://orgprints.org/15101/ %X Im Ökologischen Landbau stehen heute Aufgaben an, für die z. T. umfangreiche Kalkulationen erforderlich sind. So werden auf gesetzlicher Basis über die Düngeverordnung und Cross Compliance Berechnungen von Nährstoffvergleichen und eine Humusbilanzierung vorgeschrieben. Ebenso werden im Bereich der Kontrolle zur EU-Öko-VO sowie in der Betriebsberatung genaue Berechnungen zur Betriebs- und Fruchtfolgegestaltung angefordert. Um diese zunehmende Dokumentationspflicht erfüllen zu können, werden von Seiten der Praxis einfache PC-unterstützte Hilfsmittel nachgefragt. Diese Verfahren sollen darüber hinaus auch gehobenen Ansprüchen entsprechen, damit sie geeignet sind, z. B. bei der Aufdeckung von Schwachstellen sowie zur Optimierung des Nährstoffmanagements und der Bodenfruchtbarkeit in den Betrieben beizutragen. Auf der Grundlage langjähriger Erfahrungen beim Einsatz des Kalkulationsprogramms BEFU („Bestandesführung“) in Sachsen wurden in der vorliegenden Arbeit zunächst die wissenschaftlichen Grundlagen und Prinzipien zum Nährstoffmanagement für den Anwendungsbereich im ökologischen Landbau weiter entwickelt. Für den Teil ökologischer Landbau des PC-Programms BEFU - kurz „ÖKO-BEFU“ - wurden dann sowohl Verfahren für einfache Berechnungen als auch für die anspruchsvolle Betriebsberatung für folgende Anwendungsgebiete ausgearbeitet und genau beschrieben: - Humusbilanzierung - Nährstoffbilanzierung (Schlag-, Flächen-, Hoftorbilanz) - Symbiotische N-Bindung (Körner- u. Futterleguminosen) - Grunddüngung (P, K, Mg) - Kalkversorgung. %0 Generic %A Kolbe, Hartmut %D 2008 %F orgprints:13626 %K Humusbilanz, Bodenqualität, Anbaubedingungen, Methoden, Berechnungsweg, Berechnungsbeispiel %T Einfache Verfahren zur Berechnung der Humusbilanz für konventionelle und ökologische Anbaubedingungen %U http://orgprints.org/13626/ %X Bei der Humusbilanzierung wird der anbauspezifische Bedarf der Kulturarten der Humuszufuhr über organische Materialien gegenübergestellt, um so eine Veränderung der Humusvorräte im Boden zu ermitteln. Die Humusbilanz wird auf Basis der Daten einer Schlagbilanz berechnet und kann in zwei Fassungen ausgeführt werden. Die VDLUFA-Methode als Kurzfassung, die auch den gesetzlichen Mindestanforderungen entspricht und einer genaueren Methode, die die Humusreproduktionsleistung unter Beachtung von Standortfaktoren bewertet. Beide Versionen können „von Hand“ oder unter Nutzung eines PC-Programms gerechnet werden. %0 Generic %A Kolbe, Hartmut %D 2008 %F orgprints:15100 %T Fruchtfolgegrundsätze im Ökologischen Landbau %U http://orgprints.org/15100/ %X In diesem Faltblatt werden Grundregeln für die praktische Fruchtfolgeplanung in prägnanter, knapper Form zu folgenden Aspekten aufgeführt: - Fruchtfolgegrundgerüst und Anbaurangfolge der Fruchtarten - Fruchtartenspezifische Veränderung der Humusvorräte des Bodens - Vorfruchteignung der Fruchtarten - Anbaupausen der Fruchtarten - Fruchtfolgebeispiele %0 Generic %A Kolbe, Hartmut %D 2008 %F orgprints:13630 %K Nährstoffmanagement, Umstellung, Bodenstruktur, Fruchtfolge, organische Düngung, Grunddüngung, Kalkung, legume N-Bindung, Nährstoffbilanzierung, Humusbilanzierung, Bodenuntersuchung, Makrtfruchtbetrieb, Futterbaubetrieb %T Nährstoffmanagement im Umstellungsbetrieb %U http://orgprints.org/13630/ %X Anbauverfahren des ökologischen Landbaus bieten sowohl gute wirtschaftliche Einkommens- und Entwicklungsmöglichkeiten als auch deutliche Vorteile beim Schutz von Umwelt, Klima und Lebensmittelqualität. Hierfür kann auch ein an die natürlichen Bedingungen ausgerichtetes Nährstoffmanagement als wichtige Ursache angesehen werden. So erfolgt die Nährstoffbereitstellung über den Umsatz der organischen Substanz, die Nährstoffmobilisierung durch das Bodenleben, den Einsatz von betriebseigenen Wirtschaftsdüngern, den Anbau von Leguminosen und von Nichtleguminosen in einer weitgefassten Fruchtfolge. In diesem Artikel werden sowohl Grundzüge des Nährstoffmanagements aufgeführt als auch praktische Anpassungsmaßnahmen im Verlauf des Umstellungsprozesses beschrieben, damit ein erfolgreiches Wirtschaften gewährleistet werden kann: - Untersuchung der Bodenbeschaffenheit - Gestaltung der Fruchtfolge - Organische Düngung - Legume N-Bindung und Stickstoff-Bilanzierung - Humusbilanzierung - Grunddüngung und Kalkung - Checkliste zum Nährstoffmanagement. %0 Generic %A Kolbe, Hartmut %D 2008 %F orgprints:13627 %K N-Bilanzierung, Stickstoffbilanz, Stickstoffbindung, Stickstoffberechnung, Leguminosen, Berechnung %T Verfahren zur Berechnung der N-Bindung von Leguminosen im Ökolandbau %U http://orgprints.org/13627/ %X Eine große Rolle bei der N-Bilanzierung spielt die genaue Erfassung der Luftstickstoffbindung über den Leguminosenanbau, da dieser die wichtigste Stickstoffquelle im ökologischen Landbau darstellt. Deswegen wurden verbesserte Berechnungsgrundlagen zur Ermittlung der legumen N-Bindung ausgearbeitet. Je nach N-Bilanzierungsansatz bestehen für diese N-Bindungsgleichungen unterschiedlich hohe Anforderungen in der Datengrundlage, die in diesem Arbeitspapier für den praktischen Einsatz beschrieben werden: - Einfache Verfahren zur manuellen Berechnung - Berechnungsverfahren bei Nutzung des Personalcomputers. %0 Generic %A Kolbe, Hartmut %A Köhler, Brigitte %D 2008 %F orgprints:14925 %K Nährstoffbilanzierung, Schlagbilanz, Flächenbilanz, Hoftorbilanz, Stallbilanz, Stickstoff, Phosphor, Kalium, Magnesium, landwirtschaftlicher Betrieb, Beratung, Nährstoffmanagement %T Formen der Nährstoffbilanzierung in Praxis und Beratung des Ökologischen Landbaus %U http://orgprints.org/14925/ %X Eine Nährstoffbilanz ist eine Gegenüberstellung von zugeführten und abgeführten Nährstoffen (N, P, K) unter Zugrundelegung einer Bezugsebene (Betrieb, Schlag) und eines Bilanzzeitraumes (Jahr, Fruchtfolge). Sie dient als Instrument zur Überprüfung des Nährstoffeinsatzes und zur Beurteilung der Nährstoffeffizienz eines Landnutzungssystems. Mindestens ausgeglichene bis leicht positive Bilanzsalden sollten angestrebt werden. Welche Form der Nährstoffbilanzierung ausgewählt wird, ist in erster Linie abhängig von der Aufgabenstellung oder der gewünschten Zielaussage. So ist bei einer Düngungs- und Fruchtfolgeplanung eine Schlagbilanz sinnvoll. Schlagbilanzen stellen die kleinste Bezugsebene dar, um die Nährstoffsituation feldbezogen für jede Kultur oder über eine Fruchtfolgerotation zu erfassen. Als Voraussetzung hierfür müssen schlagbezogene Aufzeichnungen vorliegen (Schlagkarteien). Die organischen und mineralischen Dünger sowie die legume N-Bindung werden als Nährstoffzufuhr angerechnet. Auf der Entzugsseite werden die Erntemengen der pflanzlichen Produkte ausgewiesen. Zur Beurteilung des betrieblichen Durchschnitts sind Hoftor- und Flächenbilanzen von Vorteil. Die Flächenbilanz wird heute in Form des Nährstoffvergleichs genutzt, die den Vorgaben der Düngeverordnung entspricht. Bilanziert wird der Nährstofffluss zur und von der Gesamtbetriebsfläche. Die Hoftorbilanz bietet auf Grund ihrer hohen Datenqualität (Belege von Zu- und Verkäufen) gesicherte Aussagen und wird zur Erstellung von Betriebsvergleichen verwendet. Werden nur die Pfade der Tierhaltung des Betriebes betrachtet, so kann eine Stallbilanz berechnet werden. Für die Beurteilung der Bodenfruchtbarkeit, Nachhaltigkeit des Betriebes sowie auch zur Ermittlung der Umweltverträglichkeit sind möglichst vollständige Bilanzierungen durchzuführen. Beim Stickstoff müssen hierzu auch die Zufuhren über die Atmosphäre, Saat- und Pflanzgut und die asymbiotische N-Bindung berücksichtigt werden. Grundsätzlich ist es möglich, die beschriebenen Formen der Nährstoffbilanzierung „von Hand“ durchzuführen. Unter Nutzung elektronischer Schlagkarteiaufzeichnungen und des Personalcomputers kann der Arbeitsaufwand erheblich reduziert werden. In diesem Beitrag werden die wichtigsten Formen der Nährstoffbilanzierung aufgeführt, die in der landwirtschaftlichen Praxis und Beratung von Bedeutung sind. %0 Generic %A Kongsted, A.G. %D 2008 %F orgprints:14771 %P 12 %T Sortbrogede grise i økologi %U http://orgprints.org/14771/ %V 416 %X Den gamle svinerace, Dansk Sortbroget Landrace, har måske en fremtid i økologisk svineproduktion. Det er vigtigt, at økologisk svinekød adskiller sig markant fra konventionelt mht. smag, udseende og den måde grisene opdrættes på, hvis forbrugeren skal være villig til at betale en betydelig merpris. Det er idéen bag et flerårigt forskningsprojekt ved Aarhus Universitet, hvis formål er at bidrage til udvikling af en mere forskelligartet økologisk svinekødsproduktion med høje standarder for spisekvalitet og etisk kvalitet. %0 Conference Paper %A Kongsted, A.G. %A Claudi-Magnussen, C. %A Hermansen, J.E. %A Andersen, B.H. %D 2008 %F orgprints:12094 %K organic, pigs, pork, breed, male pigs %T Strategies for a diversified organic pork production %U http://orgprints.org/12094/ %X Possible reasons for the low market share of organic pork may be heavy price competition with conventional produced pork products combined with no or small distinctive characteristics in appearance and quality, both regarding eating quality (flavour, tenderness) and ethical quality (production methods). The overall aim of this study is to identify strategies for a diversified organic pork production with high credibility and superior eating quality based on pigs foraging in the cropping system, use of a traditional breed and no castration. Preliminary results indicate that the use of a traditional breed, the Danish Black-Spotted pig, might be a way to produce pork, which in appearance differ from conventional pork and at the same time improve the credibility of organic pig production. %0 Generic %A Kongsted, A.G. %A Hermansen, J.E. %A Claudi-Magnussen, C. %A Andersen, B.H. %D 2008 %E Kongsted, A.G. %E Claudi-Magnussen, C. %E Andersen, B.H. %F orgprints:14807 %K organic; pig; pork; seasonal production; castration; traditional breed %P 100 %T A diversified organic pork production – presentation of a concept based on seasonal outdoor rearing of very small entire males %U http://orgprints.org/14807/ %X The risk of boar taint in entire males is supposed to increase with increased age and weight. Thus, a method to reduce this risk may be to slaughter the pigs at a low age and weight. This strategy is investigated as part of a new concept for organic pig production. It is hypothesised that organic pork has to differ markedly from conventional in order to overcome the heavy price competition. A seasonal outdoor rearing system based on production of small entire males, large female pigs and sows slaughtered after their first litter is believed to be a feasible strategy for producing organic pork with high credibility and superior eating quality. The study included a traditional breed, the Danish Black-Spotted. 17 gilts farrowed in April. Within the first week after birth all male pigs, except 2 male pigs per litter, were castrated. The piglets were weaned at 10 weeks of age in June/July but stayed in the paddocks with access to the farrowing hut. The entire male pigs were slaughtered in July at approximately 40 kg live weight. The female pigs were slaughtered in the beginning of November. hvad med Preliminary results showed e.g. a higher daily gain for entire males compared to castrated (390 vs. 332 g per day) and indicated higher content of skatole in the traditional breed compared to a more modern breed. %0 Generic %A Kongsted, A.G. %A Claudi-Magnussen, C. %A Hermansen, J.E. %A Andersen, B.H. %D 2008 %E Neuhoff, D. %E Halberg, N. %E Alföldi, T. %E Lockeretz, W. %E Thommen, A. %E Rasmussen, I. %E Hermansen, J. %E Waarst, M. %E Lueck, L. %E Caporali, F. %E Jensen, H.H. %E Migliorini, %E Willer, H. %F orgprints:14772 %I Proceedings of the Second Scientific Conference of the International Society of Organic Agriculture Research (ISOFAR), held at the 16th IFOAM Organic World Congres - in Cooperation with the Internationl Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements (IFOAM) %P 190-193 %T Strategies for a diversified organic pork production %U http://orgprints.org/14772/ %X Possible reasons for the low market share of organic pork may be heavy price competition with conventional produced pork products combined with no or small distinctive characteristics in appearance and quality, both regarding eating quality (flavour, tenderness) and ethical quality (production methods). The overall aim of this study is to identify strategies for a diversified organic pork production with high credibility and superior eating quality based on pigs foraging in the cropping system, use of a traditional breed and no castration. Preliminary results indicate that the use of a traditional breed, the Danish Black-Spotted pig, might be a way to produce pork, which in appearance differ from conventional pork and at the same time improve the credibility of organic pig production. %0 Generic %A Kongsted, A.G. %A Hermansen, J.E. %D 2008 %F orgprints:18472 %K Multi-sire mating; Mating behavior; Mating quality; Reproduction; Organic production %P 1139-1147 %T The mating behavior and reproduction performance in a multi-sire mating system for pigs %U http://orgprints.org/18472/ %V 69 %X An important aim of organic animal production is to allow natural animal behaviour. Regarding reproduction techniques, artificial insemination is permitted but natural mating is preferred. The outdoor multi-sire system, where the sows are placed in large paddocks with a group of boars, is one example of a service system, which complies well with the organic ideals of facilitating natural animal behavior. However, very little knowledge is available about such system. Seven groups of in total of 47 sows and 31 boars were observed to study the mating behavior in an outdoor multi-sire mating system and the subsequent reproduction results. The time of start of courtship, behavior and the cause of disruption if the courtship was terminated, were recorded each time a boar courted a sow. All aggressive interactions between the boars were also recorded to estimate the boar ranking order. The observations revealed numerous poor quality matings, a huge variation in the number of times sows are mated, and overworked boars. Only 35% of all copulations lasted 2 min or more and 63% of all copulations were disrupted, mainly by competitor boars. The higher social status of the boar, the more copulations did it disrupt ( p < 0.05). The outcome was an unacceptable variation in reproduction results. Only 71% of all estrus sows conceived, corresponding to a pregnancy rate of 77% of all mated sows. A large inter-group variation in reproduction performance was observed, indicating scope for improvements. In some groups all sows showed estrus and all sows conceived. Recommendations for improvement of the system are proposed. %0 Generic %A Konvalina, Petr %A Capouchova, Ivana %A Moudry, Jan (Jr.) %A Zdrhova, I. %A Sramek, Jan %A Moudry, Jan %A Sterba, Z. %D 2008 %F orgprints:21273 %K bread wheat, baking quality, organic farming %N 1 %P 250-257 %T Selection of Bread Wheat Varieties for Organic Farming, Baking Quality Being Emphasized %U http://orgprints.org/21273/ %V 51 %X Organic methods growing bread wheat may have negative effects on the technological value, especially in the case of the crucial crude protein content. The aim of paper is to identify diferences in quality of 8 varieties recomended in conventional or organic conditions in Austria and 2 strains. Obvious effect of year on the quality, set up in statistics, was confirmed for qualitative parametres. The correlation analysis also provides similar figures. Effect of the year in a negative correlation to crude protein content (r=-0,66), whereas in a positive correlation to starch content (r=0,78) and falling number (r=0,86). Effect of the variety is represented by unclear correlation coefficients. Correlation analysis of selected qualitative parametrs of wheat shows an obvious relation between crude protein content and wet gluten content (r=0,93) and Zeleny - sedimentation value (r=0,82). On the other hand, starch content is in a negative correlation to crude protein content (r=-0,71), wet gluten content (r=-0,75) and Zeleny - sedimentation value (r=-0,62). According to the test results, any effect of the variety on the qualitative parametres was not obviously proved in statistics carried out in low-input systems (organic farming systems). It may be noted it is suitable to choose the content and quality of protein as selective criteria of the selection of varieties. Level of the qualitative parametres is never reduced below the quality level of worse-quality varieties grown in the same (similar, low-input) conditions. On the other hand, elite varieties provide grains characterized by better baking quality, but lower yield level than the other ones. This fact has to be taken into account, when suitable varieties for different use purpose being selected (food, feed and industry processing). %0 Book %A Konvalina, Petr %A Moudry, Jan %C České Budějovice %D 2008 %F orgprints:20813 %I Jihočeská univerzita v Českých Budějovicích %K ekologické zemědělství, pěstování, pšenice setá organic farming, growing, wheat, %T Pěstování pšenice seté v ekologickém zemědělství %U http://orgprints.org/20813/ %X Cílem předkládané metodiky je podpořit další rozvoj a rozšíření pěstování pšenice seté na orné půdě v ekologickém zemědělství. Metodika je proto určena především ekologickým farmářům s cílem napomoci jim ke zvýšení efektivity jejich hospodaření pomocí přenosu poznatků získaných při výzkumné práci autorů. V metodice je kladen důraz na volbu vhodných odrůd a odlišností v agrotechnice od konvenčního systému hospodaření. Velký důraz je kladen na strategii ochrany pšenice seté vůči škodlivým činitelům. %0 Book %A Konvalina, Petr %A Moudry, Jan %A Kalinova, Jana %A Capouchova, Ivana %A Stehno, Zdenek %C České Budějovice %D 2008 %F orgprints:20810 %I Jihočeská univerzita v Českých Budějovicích %K ekologické zemědělství, obilniny, pseudoobilniny organic farming, cereals, pseudocereals %T Pěstování obilnin a pseudoobilnin v ekologickém zemědělství %U http://orgprints.org/20810/ %X V metodice je zpracována problematika pěstování obilnin a pseudoobilnin jako hlavních tržních plodin ekologického zemědělství v ČR. První část zahrnuje obecné zásady pěstování rostlin (obilnin a pseudoobilnin). Zpracovány jsou základní legislativní normy a dotační tituly. Dále je důraz kladen na volbu vhodných druhů a odrůd. Významná je část věnovaná výživě a hnojení, osevním postupům, regulaci škodlivých činitelů, ale také finalizaci celoroční práce farmáře a to sklizni a posklizňové úpravě bioprodukce. V části věnované pěstování konkrétních druhů je kladen důraz na pěstování pšenice seté (ozimé i jarní formy), opomíjeny ale nejsou ani další pluchaté pšenice jako je špalda, dvouzrnka nebo jednozrnka. Další druhy jsou reprezentovány ječmenem, tritikalem, žitem, ovsem a v neposlední řadě zástupcem skupiny pseudoobilnin - pohankou. %0 Generic %A Konvalina, Petr %A Moudry, Jan (Jr.) %A Moudry, Jan %D 2008 %F orgprints:20775 %K wheat, emmer, landraces, baking quality %N 3 %P 539-545 %T Quality parametres of emmer wheat landraces %U http://orgprints.org/20775/ %V 9 %X Emmer wheat, Triticum dicoccum SCHUEBL, is an old variety of cereals which has been traditionally grown in aride areas. Nowdays, it is mainly grown in Italy, Spain, Turkey, Austria and in the Czech republic. This article deals with a study of quality parametres and selected economic parametres of 6 varieties coming from the genetic resources of emmer wheat. High crude protein content in grain was proved during the trials. Nevertheless, such a characteristic is not suitable for the classical bakery processing (production of leavened products). Low figure of the harvest index is supposed to be the most problematic economic character. However, emmer wheat is a suitable variety for organic farming system. Growing of emmer wheat contributes to an extension of the agrobiodiversity in the countryside and to the suistainable development of a region. %0 Conference Paper %A Koocheki, Professor Alireza %A Jahan, Instructor Mohsen %A Nassiri Mahallati, Associated Prof. Mehdi %D 2008 %F orgprints:11435 %K Keywords: Mycorrhiza, free leaving nitrogen fixing bacteria, conventional and ecologic cropping system, corn, photosynthesis. %T Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and free-living nitrogen- fixing bacteria on growth characteristics of corn(Zea mays L.) under organic and conventional cropping systems %U http://orgprints.org/11435/ %X In recent years, biological fertilizers have received special attention in sustainable agriculture. Inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and free-living nitrogen-fixing bacteria had significant effects on corn photosynthesis and yield; the highest photosynthesis rate and yield were obtained with dual inoculation with fungus plus bacteria. These outcomes were also affected by cropping systems, but to a lesser extent. Therefore in organic and low input cropping systems, a combination of mycorrhiza and free-living bacteria performed satisfactorily. %0 Conference Paper %A Koopmann, R. %A Ganter, M. %A Link, M. %D 2008 %F orgprints:11643 %K animal health, animal husbandry and breeding, animal treatment %T Veterinary treatment in organic husbandry %U http://orgprints.org/11643/ %X The organic farming regulations put emphasis on the preservation of animal health by prophylaxis in the agriculture. The No 5 of the regulation EC 1804/99 (EC organic regulation) Appendix I B defines the veterinary treatments in organic animal husbandry. The veterinarian can use any medicine, which is effective for the indication and the animal species. If possible, effective homeopathics, phytotherapeutics or the like should have priority. Problems of implementing the EC organic regulation into the daily farm practice arise mostly from the doubling of the withdrawal period and the restriction of the numbers of treatments. The strict ban on prophylactic treatments is not mentioned any longer in the new regulation 834/2007, which shall apply as from 1st January 2009. Clarification of the guidelines for animal treatments in organic farming seems to be useful for farmers, veterinarians and boards of control. %0 Conference Paper %A Koopmans, C.J. %A Zanen, M. %A Bokhorst, J. G. %D 2008 %F orgprints:14979 %K organic fertilisers, soil fertility %P 67-69 %T Organic fertilisers of the MAC trial and their impact on soil quality, environment and climate change. %U http://orgprints.org/14979/ %X After 8 years, the MAC field trial in Lelystad, the Netherlands, shows the effects of different fertiliser strategies, ranging from animal manure to plant compost to mineral fertiliser. The impact on yield, soil quality, soil health, environment and climate change is discussed. The trial is unique in monitoring th eeffect of so many types of fertilisers over so many years. %0 Conference Paper %A Koopmans, Dr. C.J. %A Smeding, Dr. F.W. %D 2008 %F orgprints:11619 %K Soil biology, soil management, biodiversity, sustainability, soil model %T A Conceptual Framework for Soil management and its effect on Soil Biodiversity in Organic and Low Input Farming %U http://orgprints.org/11619/ %X Learning how to manage beneficial soil biological processes may be a key step towards developing sustainable agricultural systems. We designed a conceptual framework linking soil management practices to important soil-life groups and soil fertility services like nutrient cycling, soil structure and disease suppression. We selected a necessary parameter set to gain insight between management, soil life and soil support services. The findings help to develop management practices that optimise yields, soil fertility and biodiversity in organic farming. %0 Conference Paper %A Köpke, Ulrich %A Cooper, Julia %A Petersen, Hanne Lindhard %A van der Burgt, Geert J. H. M. %A Tamm, Lucius %D 2008 %F orgprints:13378 %K organic, low input, crop production, soil fertility, food safety, Pflanzenschutz, Pflanzenkrankheiten, Interaktion Boden-Pflanzenkrankheiten, QLIF %T QLIF Workshop 3: Productivity of Organic and Low Input Systems (Crops) %U http://orgprints.org/13378/ %X A large amount of results on optimising organic and low-input production of crops for commodities such as wheat, apples, tomatoes and lettuce have been generated. However, the gap between the productivity of organic and conventional production systems persists as one of the main issues. In this workshop we want to analyse this gap, assess the impact of the QLIF results on yields and costs, and to spark a discussion on further approaches how to increase productivity and yield stability. %0 Conference Paper %A Köpke, Prof. Ulrich %A Schulte, Harald %D 2008 %F orgprints:12379 %K weed control, high residue reduced tillage, mulch, precrop oats, gross margin %T Direct Seeding of Faba Beans in Organic Agriculture %U http://orgprints.org/12379/ %X Field experiments carried out at two experimental sites over two years showed that temporary direct seeding (DS) of faba beans (FAB) is possible in Organic Agriculture (OA) when weed pressure of perennials is low. Weed density of DS treatments was significantly lower when compared with mouldboard plough (MP, control) although no clear effects on annual weeds were given by the precrop oats neither by the amount of crop residues (0, 4, 6 t ha-1) nor the sowing density of autumnal sown oats (0, 600, 1200, 1800 seeds m- ) simulating hail-shattered grains. No significant differences in grain yield but lower costs of labour and fuel were determined for DS compared with MP. Estimated DS gross margins exceeded MP gross margins when DS yield losses remained lower than 0.95 t ha-1 as compared with MP yields. %0 Conference Paper %A Köppler, K. %A Kaffer, T. %A Vogt, H. %D 2008 %E Boos, Markus %F orgprints:13653 %K Rhagoletis cerasi, bait sprays, GF-120, neem, spinosad %P 102-108 %T Bait sprays against the European cherry fruit fly Rhagoletis cerasi: Status Quo & Perspectives %U http://orgprints.org/13653/ %X Bait spray experiments against Rhagoletis cerasi were carried out in 2005 to 2007. The main principle of this method is to use food (e.g. sugar and proteins) as baits for the flies with small amounts of insecticides, which is applied on parts of the cherry tree. Main focus was aimed at laboratory and field cage experiments using the commercial GF-120 Naturalyte Fruit Fly BaitTM with the insecticide spinosad, which is registered against North American cherry fruit fly species in the US and Canada. Furthermore, additional bait spray formulations as alternatives to GF-120 were used to define the right food bait quality for a high attractiveness and low reproduction ability. Beyond, the negative effect on reproduction of flies for azadirachtin (neem) was shown. During this project, promising results, e.g. efficacies up to 99 % with infestation rates below the infestation threshold were obtained. From 2008 on, other insecticides, like azadirachtin (neem) and pyrethrine in an appropriate food bait mixture will be used. Questions like efficacy, adequate concentrations, persistence, rainfastness and practicability in commercial cherry orchards will be answered. %0 Conference Paper %A Kotcon, Dr. James %D 2008 %F orgprints:12438 %K Long-Term Experiments, Farming systems, soil biodiversity, rotations %T Impact of Organic Crop and Livestock Systems on Earthworm Population Dynamics %U http://orgprints.org/12438/ %X Earthworm population dynamics and diversity were evaluated in long-term farming systems experiments at the West Virginia University Organic Research Farm from 2000-2007. Farming systems included vegetable and field crop rotations, with versus without annual compost amendments. Field crop rotations with livestock included three years of clover-grassland. Earthworms were monitored by hand-sorting soil samples. Aporrectodea caliginosa and Lumbricus rubellus were the most common species observed. Cultivation adversely affected earthworm populations in all systems, while compost amendments either had no effect or increased earthworm populations. The population structure shifted toward younger age classes and lower biomass. Inclusion of clover-grassland in the rotation for pasture and hay production for sheep had no significant effects on populations in the field crop systems. %0 Conference Paper %A Kotschi, Johannes %D 2008 %F orgprints:13214 %K biodiversity, crop farming, climate change, genetic engineering, agri-cultural policy %T Agrobiodiversity is essential for coping with climate change %U http://orgprints.org/13214/ %X Agricultural biodiversity and climate change are rarely discussed in the same context. However, there are close mutual links. Biodiversity is reduced through climate change and – at the same time – is a strategic resource for coping with its consequences: The entirety of plants, animals and microorganisms in agricultural ecosystems and their genetic diversity represent the re-source base for food. With genetic resources gaining a new quality, present conservation approaches have to be re-vised. Instead of ex-situ conservation in gene banks a broader concept has to be envisaged which emphasises farmer conservation and is complemented by gene banks. The reason is twofold: As future needs are unknown, a maximum of genetic resources has to be conserved at the lowest possible public cost. On-farm conservation is not necessarily less costly, but the costs are mainly borne by farmers while it produces both private and public benefits; Secondly, adaptation of genetic resources to environmental change is necessary, a process that requires exposure to the environment, instead of being stored deep-frozen in a gene bank. Civil society organisations have taken a front-runner position in developing and spreading suit-able concepts at grassroots level. They have catalysed worldwide a boom of farmer initiatives that practise organic agriculture based on maintaining biodiversity, avoiding the use of hybrid seeds and prohibiting transgenic crops. Secondly, they are increasingly supporting local seed conservation initiatives that aim to empower local communities to protect their biodiversity and defend their community rights to seeds and knowledge. Thirdly, they have founded an alterna-tive market for plant breeding and seed production. Mainly in Europe, various initiatives have emerged that maintain, improve and make available open-pollinating varieties of cereals and vegetables, many of which are the result of crossbreeding and selection over centuries and in danger of being lost. All such activities make very clear: genetic resources must remain largely in the public domain with well-balanced benefit-sharing concepts among the various stakeholders that use and con-serve agro-genetic resources. Reference Kotschi, J (2007): Agricultural Biodiversity is Essential for Adapting to Climate Change. GAIA 16/2, 92-101. Further Reading Agrobiodiversity and climate change – a complex relationship. Issue Papers “People, Food and Biodiversity”, GTZ. Eschborn. %0 Conference Paper %A Kotschi, Johannes %D 2008 %F orgprints:12645 %K genetic engineering, biodiversity, developing countries %T How transgenic crops impact on biodiversity %U http://orgprints.org/12645/ %X Genetic engineering is heralded as key technology to intensify agriculture and the acreage under transgenic crops is increasing. Agricultural diversity, on the other hand, can be considered a global resource base for food and bio-energy that may be vital in responding to unknown future needs. The article discusses the impact of genetic engineering on agricultural biodiversity, concludes that GE crops have amplified the negative impact of farming on biodiversity and proposes alternatives. %0 Conference Paper %A Kowalska, Jolanta %D 2008 %F orgprints:11780 %K Leptionotarsa decemlineata, spinosad, temperature, control %T Laboratory Studies of the Activity of Spinosad against Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) Depending on Different Temperature %U http://orgprints.org/11780/ %X Mortality of the Colorado potato beetle larvae (Say) and adults caused by commercial formulation of spinosad at 15, 20 and 250C was determined under laboratory conditions. The insects and the leaves of potatoes were sprayed with the insecticide. Thus, the insecticide was toxic by exposure to treated surfaces and ingestion. Three concentrations of insecticide were used: 0.2%, 0.1% and 0.05%. The effect was assessed the 6th day after treatment. All concentrations caused mortality both adults and larvae; however mortality of tested insect stages increased as concentration of spinosad increased. For adults was observed the highest mortality in combination with 0.2% at 150C, whereas at this same temperature in combination with 0.1% was reached the lowest mortality. In tests with the larvae was observed that 0.2% of spinosad caused the lowest mortality at 250C, whereas concentration 0.1% of spinosad reached the best results at this same temperature. For adults and larvae concentrations 0.05% of spinosad reached the lowest mortality and differences between results in this combination depend on temperature were not observed. %0 Generic %A Kraaz, Iris %A Zingg, Daniel %A Meierhofer, Brigitte %A Fassbind, Daniel %A Wyss, Gabriela S. %D 2008 %F orgprints:13421 %K Pflanzenschutz: Schädlinge, Nützlinge, Biocontrol, Vorratsnützlinge %P 18-19 %T Nützlingseinsatz im Vorratsschutz %U http://orgprints.org/13421/ %X Die Andermatt Biocontrol und die Desinfecta evaluieren die Produktion und den Einsatz von Vorratsnützlingen im Rahmen eines Projektes (2006–2008) in Zusammenarbeit mit dem Forschungsinstitut für biologischen Landbau (FiBL). Für das durch den Coop NaturaplanFonds unterstützte Projekt kann nach den ersten knapp zwei Versuchsjahren eine positive Bilanz gezogen werden. %0 Conference Paper %A Krarup, Signe %A Christensen, Tove %A Denver, Sigrid %D 2008 %F orgprints:11534 %K Organic consumers, health, diets, consumer values %T Are Organic Consumers Healthier than Others? %U http://orgprints.org/11534/ %X Recent research results indicate that organic consumers have a healthier diet than other consumers. This suggests that there might be a positive relationship between organic consumption and a healthy lifestyle. One aim of an ongoing research project is to analyse whether consumers with a high organic consumption have a higher interest in nutrition and a healthy living than other consumers. In order to test whether such a causal relationship exists, purchase data from Danish households are combined with information on these households’ perception of organic food and their health concerns. %0 Generic %A Kristensen, Hanne L. %A Thorup-Kristensen, Kristian %D 2008 %E Ma, L. %E Ahuja, L.R. %E Bruulsema, T.W. %F orgprints:11459 %I CRC Press %P 245-258 %T Roots below one meters depth are important for nitrate uptake by annual crops %U http://orgprints.org/11459/ %X The root depths of annual crops vary from 0.2 m to more than 2 m depending on root growth rate and length of growing season. However, studies of root growth and N uptake are often restricted to a depth of 1 m or less, as root biomass is assumed to be negligible below this depth. We have studied the importance of root growth and N uptake to a depth of 2.5 m in fully grown field vegetables and cover crops by use of minirhizotrons and deep point placement of 15N. These data were used for calculation of the potential rate of nitrate uptake below 1 m depth. The rate was found to be significant for the six crops studied. The effect of root depth on soil N left by an annual crop was simulated with the EU-rotate N model. The results showed that deep rooted crops exploit deep N when it is available and thereby reduce the amount of nitrate that is prone to leaching. Therefore deep roots and N uptake need to be considered to understand and model N cycling in agro-ecosystems. %0 Conference Paper %A Kristensen, Kristian %A Bigongiali, Federica %A Østergård, Hanne %D 2008 %F orgprints:20887 %P 47-53 %T Efficiency of incomplete split-plot designs – a compromise between traditional split-plot designs and randomised complete block design %U http://orgprints.org/20887/ %X The paper shows, how incomplete split-plot designs can be constructed from -designs and how they can be analysed. The incomplete split-plot design can be regarded as both a practical and statistical compromise between traditional split-plot design and randomised complete block design. The efficiency of the design is compared to traditional split-plot design and randomised complete block design using data from 5 trials carried out using incomplete split-plot designs in Denmark through 2004-2007. The comparisons showed that the incomplete split-plot design were superior to traditional split-plot design in most cases – and in all cases when comparing differences among treatments in the whole-plot factor. The incomplete split-plot design was in many cases also better than the randomised complete block design. %0 Generic %A Kristensen, Kristian %A Ericson, Lars %D 2008 %F orgprints:20878 %K Additive effect, Conventional, Multiplicative effect, Organic, Regression, Variety performance %N 3 %P 367-380 %T Importance of growth characteristics for yield of barley in different growing systems: will growth characteristics describe yield differently in different growing systems? %U http://orgprints.org/20878/ %V 163 %X The interest in organic grown cereals has increased the need for variety tests under organic growing systems and/or the knowledge on whether growth characteristics describe yield differently under conventional and organic conditions. This paper is a contribution to that question by examining the relationships between some important growth characteristics in barley trials in both systems in Northern Sweden and in Denmark. Mixed model analyses were used for regressions of growth characteristics (or transformations of those) on yield (and log-transformed yield), allowing the slope to depend on the growing system. The analyses showed that diseases seemed to have a less negative effect on yield in the organic growing system than in the conventional growing system if pesticides were not applied. For other characteristics the effect depended on the country. This was the case for grain characteristics where the effect of volume weight in the Swedish trials was much larger in the conventional growing system than in the organic growing system, while a non-significant difference in the opposite direction was found for the trails from Denmark. For the trials from Denmark the effect of grain weight was much larger in the organic growing system than in the conventional growing system, but there was only a small and non-significant difference in the Swedish trials. In both countries there was a significant interaction between the two grain characteristics. %0 Generic %A Kristensen, Troels %A Eriksen, Jørgen %A Søegaard, Karen %D 2008 %F orgprints:19690 %T Græsmarkens sammensætning og mælkens smag %U http://orgprints.org/19690/ %X Enclosed files were presented at workshop april 3rd 2008 %0 Generic %A Kristiansen, P. %A Smithson, A. %A Monk, A. %A Henryks, J. %D 2008 %F orgprints:14039 %K organic; Australia; market research; farm-gate sales; retail sales %T Australian Organic Market Report 2008 %U http://orgprints.org/14039/ %X Being four years since the publication of a similar research document, the Australian Organic Market Report (AOMR) 2008 is a landmark report for the organic industry. The report will be invaluable for monitoring and planning the industry development during a period of high growth. Delivering consistent data for benchmarking growth across the various sectors of the industry, it will be a key tool for decision making by organic producers and marketers, along with interested parties such as government and media, in assisting in understanding the nature, size and development of the organic industry in Australia. Supply chain development has been hindered over many years by a lack of basic information about volumes, seasonality, continuity and quality, not only making it difficult for potentially new members of industry to feel confident about investing in organic, however also likely to cause overseas buyers to look for other countries with more comprehensive industry information. The report is an important base research document required by any growing industry. It has been commissioned by Biological Farmers of Australia (BFA), and has been carried out independently by the University of New England’s Organic Research Group. The report has the financial support of major sponsor Westpac Bank, all State Governments in Australia as well as many dedicated industry businesses. %0 Generic %A Kristiansen, P.E. %A Sindel, B.M. %A Jessop, R.S. %D 2008 %F orgprints:14037 %K organic; weed; Australia; mulch, paper; mulch, hay; tillage; plough, chisel; hand weeding; echinacea; lettuce; herbs; vegetables; costs %N 2 %P 120-135 %T Weed management in organic echinacea (Echinacea purpurea) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa) production %U http://orgprints.org/14037/ %V 23 %X Weed management is a major constraint in organic production. It can be expensive and time-consuming and severe crop yield losses may be incurred when weeds are not adequately controlled. Research on organic weed management (OWM) in herb and vegetable production is increasing internationally, although in Australia very little work has been done to assess current OWM knowledge among growers, and to test the efficacy and cost effectiveness of the weed management practices used by organic growers. The effect of hand weeding, tillage, hay mulch, pelletised paper mulch and an unweeded control treatment on weed growth, crop growth and cost effectiveness were evaluated in several field trials on the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales using lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) and echinacea (Echinacea purpurea Moench. [L.]). Weed management in lettuce was cost-effectively achieved using cheaper weeding methods such as tillage. More expensive methods such as hand weeding and hay mulching controlled weeds well, but were less cost effective. For echinacea, cheaper in-crop weeding methods (e.g. tillage, unweeded control) had poor weed suppression and low crop yields, while the more expensive weeding methods, hand weeding and hay mulch, controlled weeds well and were cost effective. Paper mulch controlled weeds very well but, again, had lower yields and was therefore not cost effective. The results highlight several important advantages and disadvantages of currently used OWM methods in the field. %0 Generic %A Krummenacher, Jolanda %A Maier, Birgit %A Huber, Franz %A Weibel, Franco %D 2008 %F orgprints:13337 %K Anbautechnik mehrjährige Kulturen, Agroforestry, Agroforstwirtschaft, nachhaltige Bewirtschaftung, Agroforstsysteme %N 3 %P 132-137 %T Ökonomisches und ökologisches Potenzial der Agroforstwirtschaft %U http://orgprints.org/13337/ %V 15 %X In der Landwirtschaft herrscht ein zunehmendes Spannungsfeld zwischen ökologischen und ökonomischen Vorgaben. Ein innovativer Ansatz, der sowohl Anforderungen an eine nachhaltige Bewirtschaftung wie auch an wettbewerbsfähige Produktion erfüllen kann, ist die Agroforstwirtschaft. Da es in der Schweiz noch keine Agroforstbetriebe gibt, haben wir in Deutschland anhand einer Fallstudie untersucht, wie in der Praxis die Wirtschaftlichkeit eines Agroforstsystems berechnet werden kann. Aufgrund einer genauen Betriebsanalyse mit der Kalkulationssoftware «Paracalc», einer Software von Agridea zur Kalkulation paralandwirtschaftlicher Projekte, konnten folgende Schlussfolgerungen erarbeitet werden: Agroforstsysteme haben ein interessantes Potenzial. Ein Grund dafür ist die interne Diversifikation des Agroforstsystems, die sowohl ökonomische als auch ökologische Vorteile bringen kann. Um der Gefahr einer finanziellen Überbelastung zu entgehen, ist eine spezifische Anbau- und Finanzplanung der Agroforstsysteme zwingend. Die Wirtschaftlichkeitsrechnung muss auch Risikobereiche wie Investitionen, Ertragsunsicherheit aufgrund mangelnder Erfahrung und Preisunsicherheit als Folge der Langfristigkeit berücksichtigen. Das «Paracalc»-Programm hat sich als geeignetes Werkzeug erwiesen, um solche Wirtschaftlichkeitsrechnungen durchzuführen. %0 Conference Paper %A Kuchtová, Perla %A Nerad, Daniel %A Škeřík, Josef %A Kas, Martin %A Mičák, Libor %A Kazda, Jan %A Baranyk, Petr %D 2008 %E Škeřík, Josef %F orgprints:21863 %K ozimá řepka, Guáno, Biokal, Lignohumát, ochrana, winter rapeseed, Guano, Biokal, Lignohumate, protection %N 1 %P 319-327 %T Technologie pro ekologickou řepku - pokusy 2006 - 2008 %U http://orgprints.org/21863/ %V 25 %X Odrůdy ozimé řepky reagují na podmínky lokality i úroveň intenzifikačních vstupů rozdílně. Zákonná omezení, která musí ekologický pěstitel respektovat, kladou vyšší nároky na volbu postupů i výběr odrůd, především z hlediska jejich schopnosti odolávat různým druhům stresu a schopnost poskytnout uspokojivý výnos i v extenzivních pěstitelských podmínkách. V technologické části pokusu byly zkoušeny přípravky ochrany rostlin povolené v ekologickém zemědělství u nás či v zahraničí. S cílem zlepšit výživové poměry pěstovaných rostlin byly testovány Guáno, Biokal a Lignohumát. Pro technologickou část pokusu byla vybrána ozimá odrůda Oponent. V pokusech se osvědčily především látky zlepšující výživný stav rostlin. Použití dalších intenzifikačních opatření se v extenzivních podmínkách také projevilo zvýšením výnosu. %0 Conference Paper %A Kuchtová, Perla %A Nerad, Daniel %A Škeřík, Josef %A Kazda, Jan %A Káš Martin, %A Mičák Libor, %A Baranyk Petr, %D 2008 %E Bečka, David %F orgprints:21851 %I Zemědělská společnost při ČZU v Praze - pobočka FYTO %K rapeseed, varieties, ecological technology, yield, ozimá řepka, odrůdy, ekologické technologie, houbové choroby, výnos %N 1 %P 103-109 %T Možnosti intenzifikace v ekologické pěstitelské technologii ozimé řepky %U http://orgprints.org/21851/ %V 2008 %X Odrůdy ozimé řepky reagují na podmínky lokality i úroveň intenzifikačních vstupů rozdílně. Zákonná omezení, která musí ekologických pěstitel respektovat, kladou vyšší nároky na volbu postupů i výběr odrůd, především z hlediska jejich schopnosti odolávat různým druhům stresu a schopnost poskytnout uspokojivý výnos i v extenzivních pěstitelských podmínkách. V technologické části pokusu byly zkoušeny přípravky ochrany rostlin povolené v ekologickém zemědělství u nás či v zahraničí, Polyversum s fungicidními účinky, Pyrethrum a další dva botanické insekticidy. S cílem zlepšit výživové poměry pěstovaných rostlin byly testovány Guáno, Biokal a Lignohumát. Pro technologickou část pokusu byla vybrána ozimá odrůda Oponent. V pokusech se osvědčily především látky zlepšující výživný stav rostlin. Použití dalších intenzifikačních opatření se v extenzivních podmínkách také projevilo zvýšením výnosu. V podmínkách ekologické pěstitelské technologie bylo testováno 10 liniových odrůd běžně pěstovaných na konvenčních plochách. Hodnocena byla odolnost vůči houbovým chorobám a výnos semen. Vyšší odolností k Fomové hnilobě se vyznačují odrůdy Caracas, Ontario, Liprima, Cando a Manitoba. Vůči Sklerotinii vykazují vyšší odolnost Ontario, Smart a Oponent. Nejvyšší průměrný výnos dosáhly v průměru dvou let odrůdy Caracas, Manitoba a Ontario. %0 Conference Paper %A Kucińska, Katarzyna %A Pelc, Irmina %A Golba, Jan %A Popławska, Anna %D 2008 %F orgprints:11916 %K organic agriculture, development, Kurpie, Podkarpacie, Poland %T The Prospects of Organic Agriculture Development in the Chosen Regions of Poland – Podkarpacie and Kurpie %U http://orgprints.org/11916/ %X Organic farming is developing dynamically in the European Union. In Poland its growth is dynamic but still not on a wide scale. The area of organic farms has just exceeded 1%. Research shows that the main obstacles of the dynamic development of organic farming are lack of properly educated young farmers, lack of efficient distribution system of organic products in Poland and abroad and a lot of small farms of low productivity. %0 Conference Paper %A Kuestermann, B. %A Huelsbergen, K.-J. %D 2008 %F orgprints:12813 %K greenhouse gas emission, carbon cycle, C sequestration, farming system %T Emission of Climate-Relevant Gases in Organic and Conventional Cropping Systems %U http://orgprints.org/12813/ %X In 81 commercial farms in Germany, emissions of the greenhouse gases CO2, CH4 and N2O from crop production have been computed by model-based analyses. The considered influence factors comprise farm structure, mass and energy inputs as well as cultivation methods. A linear correlation was found between energy input and greenhouse gas potential. Due to lower N and energy inputs and also higher C sequestration as a result of humus restoration, the organic farms revealed area-related emissions (785 kg CO2 eq ha-1 a-1) that were 2.75 times lower than the emissions from conventional farms (2165 kg CO2 eq ha-1 a-1). %0 Conference Paper %A Kuhl, Isabell %A Maisenbacher, Gregor %A Eichert, Christian %D 2008 %F orgprints:13187 %K Wandel des Biosektors, Strukturwandel Biosektor, Marktchancen für Naturkostläden, Naturkostläden, Ökomarkt %T Rosige Aussichten für kleinere und mittlere Bio-Läden? %U http://orgprints.org/13187/ %X The paper is based on the OrganiST (Organic Shops in Tübingen) project. Its aim is to develop and discuss marketing strategies for smaller and regional oriented organic shops in order to stay attractive for their customers. The competition on the market for organic food has dramatically increased. In the investigated town, the competition will increase further, because an organic supermarket of a big chain has opened in autumn 2007. Some of the small and medium sized organic shops have come into troubles. They have problems to hold their regular customers and strategies to gain new customers are often lacking. The outcomes and recommendations of OrganiST shall help the shop owners to get aware on possible additional values they can integrate into their marketing strategy. The study will also elaborate some positive, successful examples of (small scale and regional geared) organic marketing tools. The results of the project will be presented at the conference. %0 Conference Paper %A Kühne, Stefan %A Reelfs, Torben %A Ellmer, Frank %A Moll, Eckard %A Kleinhenz, Benno %A Gemmer, Christine %D 2008 %F orgprints:11806 %K Plant protection, insecticides, Colorado potato beetle, forecast model %T Efficacy of biological insecticides to control the Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotasara decemlineata) in organic farming %U http://orgprints.org/11806/ %X The Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotasara decemlineata Say) is one of the most important pests on potatoes (Solanum tuberosum). In the present study, we compared the efficacy of three biological insecticides – Neem (NeemAzal-T/S), pyrethrum/rapeseed oil (Spruzit Neu) and Bacillus thuringiensis var. tenebrionis (Novodor FC) – against this pest in field trials conducted from 2005 to 2007. The combined and temporarily shifted application of neem and B.t.t. reduced significantly the number of beetle larvae and the percentage of defoliation due to larval feeding, and increased the potato yield considerably. The SIMLEP3 forecasting model is useful for determining the optimal timing of the treatment. Pyrethrum/rapeseed oil did not lead to a significant reduction of Colorado potato beetle larvae. %0 Conference Paper %A Kummer, Susanne %A Ninio, Racheli %A Leitgeb, Friedrich %A Vogl, Christian Reinhard %D 2008 %F orgprints:12226 %K Farmers´ experiments, Organic farming, Local knowledge %T How do farmers research and learn? The example of organic farmers’ experiments and innovations: A research concept %U http://orgprints.org/12226/ %X Experimenting, adapting and innovating are central features of farmers’ activities all over the world. Farmers hold valuable knowledge about their environment, they actively do experiments, and have their own research traditions. The development of organic farming systems is continually evolving through the experiments and innovations of organic farmers. So far, there has been little attempt to study the nature, characteristics, and factors associated with the experimental processes of farmers in a systematic, comprehensive way. A current research project investigates learning processes of organic farmers in Austria, Cuba and Israel through researching the multifaceted experiments they conduct and the innovations they obtain as possible results. This paper presents the research concept of the project. %0 Conference Paper %A Kunz, S. %A Mögel, G. %A Hinze, M. %A Volk, F. %D 2008 %E Boos, Markus %F orgprints:13645 %K apple scab, Venturia inaequalis, curative treatment, Vitisan, OmniProtect %P 62-67 %T Control of apple scab by curative applications of biocontrol agents %U http://orgprints.org/13645/ %X In organic apple growing protective applications with copper, sulphur or lime sulphur are used for apple scab control. Protective applications have to be repeated when new leaves unfold. The timing of protective sprays depends on the weather forecast. If forecasted infection conditions fail to appear, treatments were for nothing. With curative control agents available, the number of treatments could be reduced. In greenhouse trials we tested control agents for their protective and curative efficiency against apple scab after artificial inoculation of potted apple trees. Applications were done 2 hours before inoculation, 5 hours after inoculation on wet leaves, 5 hours after inoculation during simulated rainfall or 24 hours after inoculation on wet or dry leaves. The optimal time of application differed between the preparations tested. Vitisan and OmniProtect had their highest activity when sprayed curative 24 hours after inoculation. Combinations were found, which revealed a high efficiency against apple scab from 2h before to 24 hours after inoculation. In a field trial apple scab was effectively controlled by curative applications of OmniProtect. %0 Conference Paper %A Kunz, S. %A Schmitt, A. %A Haug, P. %D 2008 %E Boos, Markus %F orgprints:13719 %I Fördergemeinschaft Ökologischer Obstbau.e.V., D-Weinsberg %K Fire blight, Erwinia amylovora, BlossomProtect, Myco-sin, Fruit russet, BÖL, BOEL, FKZ 03OE524/4, FKZ 03OE524/4F, FKZ 06OE336, Feuerbrandbekämpfung, ökologischer Obstbau %P 299-305 %T Field testing of strategies for fire blight control in organic fruit growing %U http://orgprints.org/13719/ %X In organic fruit growing effective control strategies are needed to prevent blossom infections by the fire blight pathogen Erwinia amylovora. Many potential control agents are under discussion and have been tested in vitro and in vivo. 19 out of 27 tested preparations showed a high efficacy against E. amylovora in vitro. Nevertheless, on detached apple blossoms only 7 of them led to a symptom reduction by more than 50%. In six field trials conducted according to the EPPO guideline PP1/166(3) BlossomProtect (82%), Myco-sin (65%) and Funguran (58%) had the highest efficiency. In 2006 and 2007, strategies to integrate BlossomProtect in spray schedules of organic apple production have been tested. The use of sulphur or lime-sulphur before or after BlossomProtect did not influence the efficiency of BlossomProtect, which showed that fire blight control is possible without compromising apple scab control. The addition of Cutisan to BlossomProtect reduced fruit russet. An alternating use of BlossomProtect and Myco-sin was shown to be possible. %0 Conference Paper %A Kurppa, Sirpa %D 2008 %F orgprints:15788 %K food supply, environment, life cycle assessment %N 7 %P 47-50 %T Interrelation of food supply, environment and security - a life cycle assessment approach %U http://orgprints.org/15788/ %V 4 %X LCA is giving us a profile of the categorised environmental impacts of a product or service through the whole production chain or chain of service activities. How comprehensive this is, depends on the system boundaries of the particular assessment. And at its best, LCA is not only restricted to principal system but covers or makes linkages to periferic systems of production of process inputs (for instance energy) and further processing of secondary or waste based products. LCA is a good tool for development of zero-waste or carbon neutral systems. LCA is a highly potential tool in benchmarking between various activity areas of society or economy (Nissinen et al 2007), and in a few years it will be developed as a tool to benchmark different food products and various brands of one category of food stuffs. By LCA such new issues as virtual water will be easily handled. LCA can be used in communication between food supply and demand. For that purpose, results of LCA must be carefully modified to the cognitive frame and decision making framework of consumer groups and stakeholders of a food chain. The information based on LCA thinking has to be given from different sources and variable aspects to consumers. The strongest progress will be taken if LCA is integrated into integrated product policy (IPP) and IPP would be taken as an approach to reorient environmental policy of food production. In that case, environmental policy would be directly linked to food product quantity and quality, and as such linked to food security. But, LCA and the other neighbouring assessment systems are linking food supply chain into more or less ‘unified’, standard environment. LCA is as poor in taking into account diversity in natural ecological framework and in human society. Therefore it is a fortune, that many progressive companies that first started to publish environmental reports have very quickly extended their approach to corporate social responsibility report. In terms of environmental assessment there is now a big challenge on one hand in trying to develop LCA towards assessment of impacts on biodiversity and natural resilience or ecosystem services and on the other hand to develop the qualitative environmental assessment and integrated that into socioeconomic/cultural approach of CRS assessments. %0 Conference Paper %A Ladurner, E. %A Benuzzi, M. %A Fiorentini, F. %A Franceschini, S. %D 2008 %E Boos, Markus %F orgprints:13651 %K Beauveria bassiana, Rhagoletis cerasi, cherry, organic farming, integrated pest management %P 93-97 %T Beauveria bassiana strain ATCC 74040 (Naturalis®), a valuable tool for the control of the cherry fruit fly (Rhagoletis cerasi) %U http://orgprints.org/13651/ %X Naturalis® is a bioinsecticide based on living conidiospores of the naturally occuring Beauveria bassiana strain ATCC 74040. The entomopathogenic fungus acts primarily by contact: once attached to the insect’s cuticle, the conidiospores germinate producing penetration hyphae, which enter and proliferate inside the insect’s body. The fungus invades and feeds on its host, causing its death due to dehydration and/or depletion of nutrients. Several years of laboratory, semi-field and field studies showed that also Tephritid flies (Ceratitis capitata, Rhagoletis cerasi, Bactrocera oleae) are susceptible to infection by B. bassiana strain ATCC 74040. The results of efficacy trials conducted in 2004-05 are reported. Naturalis was tested both alone and in an integrated pest management strategy. The product showed high efficacy in controlling R. cerasi, comparable to or higher than that of the chemical reference treatment. The B. bassiana-based product Naturalis can thus be considered an efficient tool for the control of the cherry fruit fly. %0 Conference Paper %A Laepple, Doris %D 2008 %F orgprints:18660 %I Teagasc, Ireland %P 114-121 %T Farmer attitudes towards converting to organic farming %U http://orgprints.org/18660/ %X Despite the considerable interest in organic farming the Irish organic sector remains small. Therefore to target support for the sector it is important to understand why farmers make decisions in favour or against organic farming as well as to identify drivers and barriers affecting that decision. Adoption of organic farming is assumed to be driven by a variety of different reasons such as economic and socio-economic, structural and institutional factors (e.g. Defrancesco et al., 2008; Burton et al, 2003). However, information gathering (e.g. Genius et al, 2006) and attitudes of the farmer (e.g. Willock et al, 1999, Hattam, 2006, Rehman et al, 2007) are also important in that decision. This paper focuses on the role that the attitudes of farmers play in identifying drivers and barriers to the intention to convert to organic farming using the theory of planned behaviour. To set this paper in context, it is part of a larger study which aims to explain the decision to adopt or not to adopt organic farming over time with respect to a variety of factors such as economic, institutional and socio-economic as well as comparing the attitudes and objectives of organic and conventional farmers. The results presented here suggest that, under current circumstances, large-scale conversion to organic farming by drystock farmers within the next five years is uncertain, but nevertheless 6% of drystock farmers state considerable interest in going organic. It appears that farmers do not have strong opinions about organic farming but equally the results here suggest that they feel they do not have a good level of knowledge about organic farming. Therefore an increase in information mainly focused on promoting organic farming as a profitable alternative to conventional farming could have a positive impact on the tendency for conversion. Future conversion to organics is most likely to be financially driven, but nevertheless the farmers’ perception that only rich people can afford to buy organic food remains a barrier and considerations might be given towards approaches that might alter this mindset. %0 Generic %A Lambion, Jérôme %A Amour, Clément %D 2008 %F orgprints:16701 %K Dicyphus, Macrolophus, mirids, functional biodiversity %T Biodiversité fonctionnelle en maraîchage biologique : comment favoriser les punaises prédatrices ? Compte-rendu d'essai 2008 %U http://orgprints.org/16701/ %X La biodiversité fonctionnelle consiste à implanter autour des cultures des espèces végétales qui vont attirer, héberger, nourrir les insectes auxiliaires indigènes (notamment les punaises prédatrices), participant au maintien des populations de ravageurs sous le seuil de nuisibilité économique. L'objectif est donc de transposer cette technique pour améliorer la lutte contre les aleurodes et les acariens tétranyques, qui sont parmi les principaux ravageurs sous abri dans le Sud de la France. Les espèces végétales les plus intéressantes globalement sont donc, dans l’ordre : Calendula officinalis, Dittrichia viscosa, Geranium robertianum, Achillea millefolium et Phacelia tanacetifolia. Les performances agronomiques de certaines plantes sont à évaluer en 2009, notamment sur la capacité de re-semis. Il est intéressant de noter que sur ces 5 espèces, 3 sont des vivaces, qui seraient plus adaptées à un dispositif sur plusieurs années, c'est-à-dire sur l’intervalle de temps où l’espace entre les tunnels n’est pas travaillé. Cet essai s’insère dans une étude de plus longue durée, et les efforts mis en œuvre sont donc à poursuivre pour les quelques années à venir, afin de confirmer ces premiers résultats. Ainsi, les années suivantes permettront de dire si P. tanacetifolia (annuelle) et G. robertianum (bisannuelle) peuvent se maintenir sur plusieurs années. L'impact sur les cultures avoisinantes, en termes de transferts d'auxiliaires et de contrôle des populations de ravageurs devra aussi être évalué. %0 Conference Paper %A Lamine, Dr. Claire %D 2008 %F orgprints:12579 %K food systems, consumers, food democracy, system redesign, trajectories %T Local food networks and the change of the agrofood system %U http://orgprints.org/12579/ %X Can alternative local food networks, through the relocalization of production and consumption and the higher proportion of organic practices, bring significant changes in the agrofood system? Drawing on the case of French Amaps, the distinction between an “input substitution paradigm” and a “system redesign” paradigm, which is at the crossroads of agricultural and social sciences, will help to assess the changes which occur in consumers and producers practices and in their interactions. %0 Generic %A Lang, Andreas %A Pfiffner, Lukas %A Chevillat, Véronique %D 2008 %F orgprints:20200 %K Pflanzenschutz und Biodiversität, Biolandbau, Schmetterlingsförderung, Wildtierfreundlicher Biolandbau, Artenvielfalt %T Schmetterlingsförderung auf Biogrünlandbetrieben %U http://orgprints.org/20200/ %X Im Rahmenprojekt „Wildtierfreundlicher Biolandbau“ startete das FiBL in 2007 das Teilprojekt „Schmetterlingsförderung in der Landwirtschaft“. In der Startphase wurde auf zwei Modellbetrieben im Jura, in Le Seignolet und Les Cerniévillers, die Schmetterlingsfauna erfasst (Papilionoidea, Hesperioidea, Zygaenidae). Zur Komplettierung der Artenliste wurden in 2008 zusätzliche Aufnahmen der Schmetterlingsfauna auf ausgewählten Flächen der beiden Betriebe durchgeführt. Die Betriebsleiter beider Betriebe wurden weiter beraten und eine Umsetzungskontrolle der vorgeschlagenen Massnahmen auf beiden Betrieben wurde durchgeführt. Insgesamt konnten in 2008 auf beiden Betrieben zusammen 28 Arten festgestellt werden, darunter 12 neue Nachweise im Vergleich zu 2007. Unter diesen Neunachweisen befanden sich vier „Rote-Liste-Arten“, der Baumweissling (Apatura crataegi), der Braunfleckige Perlmutterfalter (Clossiana selene), der Bergweissling (Pieris bryoniae) und eine Schillerfalter- Art (Apatura sp.), zusätzlich wurde das Hufeisenklee-Widderchen (Zygaena transalpina) beobachtet. Getrennt für beide Betriebe wurden für Les Cerniévillers in 2008 insgesamt 19 Arten nachgewiesen, darunter 7 Neunachweise inklusive zwei neuer Rote-Liste-Arten im Vergleich zu 2007, während für Le Seignolet insgesamt 16 Arten, darunter 5 Neunachweise und zwei neue Rote-Liste-Arten beobachtet wurden. Die Gesamtartenzahl (beide Betriebe, Erfassung von 2007 plus 2008) erhöhte sich damit auf 45 Arten, von denen 8 Arten auf der Roten Liste der Schweiz stehen. Die Zahlen für die Betriebe separat sind: 33 Arten und 4 Rote-Liste-Arten in Les Cerniévillers und 30 Arten und 5 Rote-Listen-Arten in Le Seignolet. Die Artenliste wurde für beide Betriebe in 2008 erfolgreich komplettiert und zusätzliche Arten der Roten Liste nachgewiesen. Von den neu nachgewiesenen Arten werden Vertreter als zusätzliche Ziel- und Leitarten für das Projekt vorgeschlagen. Das Artenspektrum der beiden Betriebe ist als hoch zu bezeichnen und es werden vorrangig Massnahmen zum Erhalt und zur Förderung abgestufter Waldränder und Niederhecken mit blütenreichen Säumen in Kombination mit einer extensiven Bewirtschaftung des Grünlandes empfohlen. %0 Conference Paper %A Lange, Dipl-Ing. agr. Katja %A Möller, Prof. Dr. Detlev %D 2008 %F orgprints:11686 %K sows, group housing, profitability, performance, construction costs of sow housing %T Profitability of sow husbandry in organic farming– Performance and construction costs for group housing of lactating sows %U http://orgprints.org/11686/ %X The group housing of lactating sows represents an economically interesting and also animal welfare alternative to the otherwise usual individual housing in this phase. Aim of this study is to fill existing information gaps and create more planning security. The performance efficiency of the housing system is determined on the basis of biological parameters, based on empirical data of a co-operation project. The influ-ence of the housing system on the construction costs for housing sows is examined by construction models, which are defined on the basis of empirical data and by an expert interview. Better performance data are reached by the group housing system analysed here compared to other studies. The results show that the housing system is both suitable and efficient on farm level. The group housing of lactating sows causes a reduction of construction costs. This difference is especially noticeable when modifying existing buildings. The saving potential is 993 € per housing place. %0 Conference Paper %A Langer, Vibeke %A Frederiksen, Pia %D 2008 %F orgprints:12580 %K crop diversity, farm diversity, indicator, biodiversity, mixed farming %T Diversity as a key concept for organic agriculture %U http://orgprints.org/12580/ %X Diversity is a key concept of organic agriculture and is intuitively perceived as having positive, but not always explicit, consequences for the internal functioning of the farm as well as for the impact on environment and farmland nature. In two groups of specialised organic farms (arable and dairy) and a group of mixed farms, links between production diversity and diversity at the scales above and below, as well as relations to potential farmland biodiversity, are examined. Results show that diversity in different scales are not consistently correlated, i.e. neither high diversity in farm household on-farm activities, nor diversity in agricultural production are linked to high crop and land use diversity. Furthermore, there are no simple relations between diversity measures and potential benefits for farmland biodiversity. %0 Generic %A Lauridsen, Charlotte %A Yong, Chen %A Halekoh, Ulrich %A Bügel, Susanne %A Brandt, Kirsten %A Christensen, Lars Porskjær %A Jørgensen, Henry %D 2008 %F orgprints:19725 %K organic food;conventional food;lipid oxidation; lipids; immunity;vitamin E %P 720-732 %T Rats show differences in some biomarkers of health when eating diets based on ingredients produced with three different cultivation strategies %U http://orgprints.org/19725/ %V 88 %X BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to identify health-related biomarkers affected by different growth conditions of plant foods. Rats were fed balanced diets composed of vegetables and rapeseed oil from three different cultivation systems (‘LIminusP’, low fertiliser input, without pesticides; ‘LIplusP’, low fertiliser input, with pesticides; and ‘HIplusP’, high fertiliser input, with pesticides) chosen to cover a broad range of management options, rather than representing actual food production systems. RESULTS: Rats fed LIminusP and LIplusP had a higher serum IgG concentration compared to rats fed HIplusP and 14% less adipose tissue. Rats fed LIminusP showed less movement during the day than the other treatments, with no differences during the night. The liver metabolic function and free malonedialdehyde concentration differed between the LIminusP and the LIplusP treatments. Despite similar fatty acid composition and vitamin E content of the rapeseed oil used for the LIminusP and HIplusP diets, plasma concentrations of oleic and linoleic acids, γ- and α-tocopherol and the liver concentration of lipid hydroperoxides differed between these two treatments. CONCLUSION: Differences between dietary treatments composed of ingredients from different cultivation methods caused differences in some health-related biomarkers, which, in future studies on this topic, should be assessed with respect to health implications. %0 Conference Paper %A Laurinen, Jaakko %D 2008 %F orgprints:15119 %I Nordic Association of Agricultural Scientists %K food, oat, environmental impact %N 3 %P 7 %T Consumer needs information about environmental impact of foods %U http://orgprints.org/15119/ %V 4 %X Raisio is Finnish food and feed company. Raisio has equipped its Elovena oats with a label that indicates the CO2 emissions of the product from cultivation through processing to store warehouse. %0 Conference Paper %A Lauvie, P. %A Bellon, S. %D 2008 %F orgprints:12593 %K marketing choice, techniques, values, price %T Construction of prices for organic products enhancing farmers’ profiles diversity in the South East of France %U http://orgprints.org/12593/ %X The Provence-Côte d’Azur region is a French leader for organic farming, both in term of bulk production and number of farmers. This study aims at identifying organic farmers’ profiles diversity within the region and at creating a framework in order to understand the construction of prices for organic food. Targeting technical, economical and marketing channel choices issues, elaboration of prices for organic commodities is studied through 20 interviews, where farmers’ values were also considered. As results, first enhancement of the organic products is highly correlated to the natural and logistic resources. Moreover, most organic farmers have elaborated innovative marketing channels in order to cope with the local supply and demand. Indeed, a large number of farmers are involved in direct selling, even in combination with other marketing channels, in order to enhance their production through prices. Finally, farmers’ values have an important influence on final prices. Indeed several organic farmers pay a great attention to social, ethical, environmental issues, beyond a basic compliance with the organic standards. As a result, fairness, environmental issues, or rural development lead farmers to implement innovative techniques and marketing strategies with a final incidence on price construction. %0 Conference Paper %A Leeb, Christine %A Hagmüller, Werner %A Wlcek, Sonja %A Winckler, Christoph %D 2008 %F orgprints:18701 %K Biologische Landwirtschaft, BEP, Tiergesundheit, Präventivmedizin, Komplementärmedizin, Bioschweinebetriebe %T Einführung und Monitoring von „Betriebsentwicklungs–Plänen (BEP) für Tiergesundheit und Wohlbefinden“ auf österreichischen Bioschweinebetrieben %U http://orgprints.org/18701/ %X Verbesserung von Gesundheit und Wohlbefinden und Reduktion des Tierarzneimitteleinsatzes in der österreichischen Bio-Schweineerzeugung als Teil eines Qualitätssicherungssystems durch (1) Einführung eines betriebsindividuellen dynamischen Beratungs- und Betreuungsinstrumentes (=BetriebsEntwicklungsPlan), (2) Verknüpfung von bereits vorhandenen landwirtschaftlichen und veterinärmedizinischen Beratungs- und Betreuungsleistungen (z.B. Berater-Datenbank Bio Austria) und (3) Beurteilung der Effektivität, Akzeptanz und betriebswirtschaftlichen Auswirkungen dieses Instrumentes %0 Generic %A Leeb, Christine %A Winckler, Christoph %D 2008 %F orgprints:18699 %K Tiergesundheit, Wohlbefinden, Tiergesundheitsplan, Bio-Schweinebetriebe, Biolandwirtschaft, Arzneimitteleinsatz %P 34-35 %T Wegweiser für Bio-Schweinehalter %U http://orgprints.org/18699/ %X Gesundheitsplan - In England längst Pflicht, sollen nun auch in Österreich eigene „Tiergesundheitspläne“ für Bio-Schweinebetriebe erprobt werden. Die von den Briten gemachten Erfahrungen werden bei der Erstellung solcher Pläne berücksichtigt. %0 Conference Paper %A Lehocka, Zuzana %A Klimekova, Marta %A Bielikova, Magdalena %D 2008 %F orgprints:12169 %K farming management system, organic system, conventional system, chemical, biological soil properties %T Soil quality indicators in organic and conventional farming systems in Slovakia %U http://orgprints.org/12169/ %X In this study we compare some chemical and biological soil properties using the organic and conventional systems. In 2003 and 2004 the soil characteristics were observed on the precise field experiment plots in Borovce (near Piešťany, in the western part of the Slovak Republic) where organic management has taken place since 1995. The soil representative is loam and clay, loam degraded Chernozem on loess. The chemical and biological soil properties were determined within two farming systems: organic and conventional. The lower values of soil reaction and the higher contents of organic matter and inorganic nitrogen in the soil were measured under organic treatment. Organic management also positively affected a number of the cellulolytic and ammonification bacteria as well as microbial biomass content, ammonification and nitrification activity. The earthworm population was more developed at the organic variant. During the years 2003 and 2004, after eight years of organic management utilisation, the tendency of increased biological activity in the soil under organic management was observed. %0 Generic %A Leiber, Florian %D 2008 %F orgprints:13176 %I Stiftung Ökologie & Landbau %K Forschungsmethodik Ganzheitlichkeit Holismus Analytik %P 52-54 %T Ganzheitlichkeit in der Forschung zum Öko-Landbau %U http://orgprints.org/13176/ %V 145 %X Dem Anspruch gerecht zu werden, „ganzheitlich“ forschen zu wollen/zu sollen, ist mitunter schwierig. Dabei muss es nicht immer um ein „Ganz-Lassen“ gehen. Die Aufgabe besteht vielleicht eher in einem „Ganz-Denken“. Das Herstellen von Sinnbezügen zwischen den (beispielsweise durch Analytik sichtbar gewordenen) Teilen lässt uns das „Ganze“ oft erst erkennen und somit auch darstellen und vermitteln. Dies ist ein kreativer Akt des individuellen Denkens, aber gerade durch diesen könnte sich die Forschung für den Öko-Landbau auszeichnen und ein wirkliches Gegengewicht zum wissenschaftlichen Reduktionismus schaffen. %0 Conference Paper %A Leiber, Florian %A Fuchs, Nikolai %D 2008 %F orgprints:11443 %K development of organic farming, scientific methods, holistic science %T Towards cognitive holism in organic research %U http://orgprints.org/11443/ %X In the course of the close interplay between any scientific approach and its object, research has a modifying impact on the latter. The same is true for agriculture as scientific object. This is a particularly evident problem in organic farming, as the worldview of organic farming, arguments in marketing and farming practice seem to be in contrast to contemporary academic science which is, however, of great significance for organic research. Thus, organic research often appears to be carried out on the same theoretical basis which is opposed by organic practice and its ethical and philosophical backgrounds. At various levels, the apparent antagonism between holism and reductionism is part of this problem. This paper discusses whether holistic science is necessarily in contradiction to analytic and reductionist methods, or whether different scientific approaches could be brought together and linked in a cognitive process of building wholeness in thinking and imagination. %0 Generic %A Leifert, C. %A Ball, K. %A Volakakis, N. %A Cooper, J.M. %D 2008 %F orgprints:16009 %I Wiley-Blackwell %K food borne disease, food hygiene, manure, quality assurance, risk reduction point, enteric pathogens, Salmonella, Yersinia, Campylobacter and Escherichia coli O157, HACCP, ready-to-eat vegetable crops, organic production systems, low input production systems %P 931-950 %T Control of enteric pathogens in ready-to-eat vegetable crops in organic and ‘low input’ production systems: a HACCP-based approach %U http://orgprints.org/16009/ %V 105 %X Risks from pathogens such as Salmonella, Yersinia, Campylobacter and Escherichia coli O157 have been identified as a particular concern for organic and ‘low input’ food production systems that rely on livestock manure as a nutrient source. Current data do not allow any solid conclusions to be drawn about the level of this risk, relative to conventional production systems. This review describes six Risk Reduction Points (RRPs) where risks from enteric pathogens can be reduced in ready-to-eat vegetables. Changes can be made to animal husbandry practices (RRP1) to reduce inoculum levels in manure. Outdoor livestock management (RRP2) can be optimized to eliminate the risk of faecal material entering irrigation water. Manure storage and processing (RRP3), soil management practices (RRP4) and timing of manure application (RRP5), can be adjusted to reduce the survival of pathogens originating from manure. During irrigation (RRP6), pathogen risks can be reduced by choosing a clean water source and minimizing the chances of faecal material splashing on to the crop. Although preventive measures at these RRPs can minimize enteric pathogen risk, zero risk can never be obtained for raw ready-to-eat vegetables. Good food hygiene practices at home are essential to reduce the incidence of food-borne illnesses. %0 Conference Paper %A Leifert, Carlo %A Koepke, Ulrich %A Bonde, Marianne %A Stanley, Richard %A Hamm, Ulrich %A Wyss, Gabriela %A Benbrook, Chuck %A Hajslova, Jana %A Lueck, Lorna %A Cooper, Julia %D 2008 %F orgprints:13379 %K organic farming, low input farming, environmental impact, food quality, health, food safety %T QLIF Workshop 2: Safety of foods from organic and low input farming systems %U http://orgprints.org/13379/ %X In this workshop, we will summarize the results of the QLIF project on food safety issues. The participants discuss safety problems related to organic and low input standards and techniques for both animal and plant products. They will relate the findings to consumers’ perception and concern. Improved production and processing techniques will be suggested. %0 Generic %A Leite, Andréia Araújo Lima %A Junior, Altamiro Souza de Lima Ferraz %A Moura, Emanoel Gomes de %A Aguiar, Alana das Chagas Ferreira %D 2008 %F orgprints:22635 %K Zea mays, Sustentabilidade, Produtividade, Sincronismo. Zea mays, Sustainability, Productivity, Synchrony. %N 4 %P 875-882 %T Comportamento de dois genótipos de milho cultivados em sistema de aléias preestabelecido com diferentes leguminosas arbóreas. %U http://orgprints.org/22635/ %V 67 %X O cultivo em aléias tem sido recomendado como alternativa para a substituição da agricultura de corte e queima, no trópico úmido, devido à grande capacidade de produção de matéria orgânica e de reciclagem de nutrientes, mas algumas dúvidas quanto à sustentabilidade e à competição interespecífica são persistentes. O objetivo no trabalho foi avaliar a viabilidade da cultura do milho em um sistema de cultivo em aléias de leguminosas arbóreas. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualisados, com quatro repetições dos tratamentos: aléias de sombreiro (Clitoria fairchildiana), ingá (Inga edulis), guandu (Cajanus cajan) e leucena (Leucaena leucocephala) e uma testemunha sem aléias. Foram avaliadas a remobilização de carbono e nitrogênio, massa de grãos, massa de mil grãos e competição interespecífica entre as cultivares de milho e as leguminosas. A produção de grãos foi maior nas parcelas com C. fairchildiana e L. leucocephala. A produtividade do híbrido de milho foi superior à da variedade em todos os tratamentos. A produtividade e a massa de mil grãos de milho não são negativamente afetadas pela distância da linha da leguminosa arbórea. Esse estudo conclui que o sistema de aléias com leguminosas arbóreas é uma alternativa importante ao manejo sustentável dos agroecossistemas no tropico úmido. Além disso, nessa região a produtividade em grãos na cultura do milho é favorecida no sistema de aléias preeestabelecidas com as leguminosas arbóreas sombreiro, ingá e leucena e pela utilização de genótipos eficientes no aproveitamento do nitrogênio, cujo sincronismo entre a liberação e a absorção do N aplicado por meio das leguminosas deve ser aprimorado. %0 Conference Paper %A Leitner, Dipl.-Ing. Heidrun %A Axmann, Dipl.-Ing. Paul %A Bartel-Kratochvil, Dr. Ruth %D 2008 %F orgprints:14943 %K Regionale Produktketten, Bio-Brotgetreide, Niederösterreich %T Regionale Produktketten von Bio-Brotgetreide in NÖ: Stärken, Schwächen, Chancen, Hemmnisse,Unterstützungsmaßnahmen %U http://orgprints.org/14943/ %X Regionale Produktketten - Produktketten, in denen zwischen den AkteurInnen(LandwirtInnen, BäckerInnen, MüllerInnen, KonsumentInnen) räumliche Nähe besteht – leisten besondere Beiträge zur Nachhaltigen Entwicklung (mehr Wertschöpfung und Arbeitsplätze in der Region, häufig niedrigerer Transportaufwand, Erhaltung der Kulturlandschaft, Stärkung regionaler Identität und Tradition). Zwischen Biolandbau und regionalen Produktketten gibt es ganz besondere Synergien: Die positiven Wirkungen und Ziele des Biolandbaus können auf regionaler Ebene besser umgesetzt und verstärkt werden; die KonsumentInnen setzen bei Bio-Produkten oft voraus, dass sie aus der Region stammen. In Niederösterreich (NÖ) wird - insbesondere nach dem „Umstellungsboom“ unter den Ackerbaubetrieben - viel Bio-Getreide produziert, gleichzeitig gibt es aber kaum regionale Kooperationen entlang der Produktkette. Die Anzahl der Mühlen und Bäckereien sinkt seit dem EU-Beitritt drastisch und kontinuierlich; der Löwenanteil des Bio-Getreides fließt in große Verarbeitungs- und Vermarktungsstrukturen. %0 Conference Paper %A Leona, Brockamp %A Eis, Birgit %D 2008 %E Boos, Markus %F orgprints:13662 %K Strawberry, organic orchards, root diseases, soil preparation techniques, green manuring %P 148-151 %T Influence of different soil preparation techniques on organically grown strawberries %U http://orgprints.org/13662/ %X From June 2005 till June 2007 different soil preparation techniques like chiselling and advance sowing of medicinal plants and green manuring were proofed for their influence on reducing plant losses of strawberries caused by root diseases like Phytophthora species and Verticillium dahliae. The variants were combined with potted plants and Frigos. The experiment took place on an organic fruit farm near Stuttgart, Germany, with the strawberry variety ´Elsanta´. Focused on root diseases, habit and yield chiselling combined with Frigos and green manuring combined with potted plants showed the best results. Generally the marketable yield was often below yields from conventional cultivation. This project is granted by Bundesprogramm Ökologischer Landbau (BÖL, FKZ 03OE087: 2004-2006, FKZ 06OE221: 2007-2009). It includes also experiments about cutting techniques at raspberries, plant protection at black- and gooseberries and weed control at blueberries and black currants. The part of weed control is carried out by ÖON Jork (Germany). %0 Generic %A Liebig, Nadine %A Buck, Holger %A Rau, Florian %D 2008 %F orgprints:16113 %K BÖL, BOEL, FKZ 06OE034, Säzwiebeln, Pflanzzwiebeln, mehltauresistente Sorten, Falscher Mehltau, Mehltauregulierung %T Erstellen eines Gesamtkonzeptes zur Regulierung des Falschen Mehltaus (Peronospora Destructor) an Zwiebeln - Zwischenbericht %U http://orgprints.org/16113/ %X Teilversuch 1 Säzwiebeln: Vergleich mehltauresistenter Sorten mit norddeutschen Standardsorten auf zwei Praxisflächen Auf zwei Praxisbetrieben im Landkreis Nienburg wurden vom Ökoring e.V. acht verschiedene Zwiebelsorten untersucht, darunter waren die drei neuen mehltauresistenten Sorten sowie fünf weitere Sorten, sowie die norddeutschen Standardsorten im ökologischen Anbau ‚Profit’, ‚Summit’ und ‚Hector’. Zur Aussaat war die Witterung warm und trocken, eine Zusatzbewässerung fand nicht statt. Erst mit Einsetzen der Niederschläge ab Mitte Mai zeigte sich ein verstärktes Wachstum. Der Falsche Mehltau trat in diesem Jahr ab Anfang Juli auf. An beiden Standorten war das Auftreten insgesamt mäßig. Auffällig war das der Befall am Standort 1 bei allen Sorten höher war als an Standort 2. Dies lag vor allem an einem größeren Befallsnest, das innerhalb der Versuchsfläche lag. Ende Juli begann der Schlottenknick. An den mehltauresistenten Sorten wurden zu einem sehr späten Zeitpunkt und in einem sehr geringen Maße Falscher Mehltau beobachtet. Ob dies auf noch vorhandene Sortenunreinheiten oder auf die Durchbrechung der Resistenz zurückzuführen ist, muss noch geklärt werden. Die Erträge lagen an Standort 1 insgesamt höher als an Standort 2. Die norddeutschen Standardsorten ‚Profit’, ‚Summit’ und ‚Hector’ haben sich trotz des mäßigen Auftretens von Falschem Mehltau bewährt und zeigten an beiden Standorten vergleichsweise hohe Erträge. Auch die neue mehltauresistente Sorte ‚Yankee’ zeigte einen hohen Ertrag. Allerdings neigt diese als Amerikaner-Typ in den norddeutschen Gefilden zum Schossen. Die mehltauresistenten Sorten ‚Santero’ und ‚BGS 237’ hatten einen etwas geringeren Feldaufgang und zeigten sich etwas ertragsschwächer gegenüber den Standardsorten. Die in den vergangenen Jahren ertragsstarke Öko-Sorte ‚Bajosta’ hatte an beiden Standorten den höchsten Befall mit Falschem Mehltau, was wahrscheinlich zu einem geringeren Ertrag führte. Teilversuch 2 Pflanzzwiebeln: Vergleich einer mehltauresistenten Sorte mit einer norddeutschen Standardsorte auf zwei Praxisflächen In 2007 wurden zwei Zwiebelsorten auf zwei Praxisbetrieben in Niedersachsen im Pflanzverfahren untersucht. Dabei wurde die mehltauresistente Sorte ‚Yankee’ sowie die in Norddeutschland bewährte Sorte ‚Summit’ getestet. Standort 1 war ein sehr schwerer, toniger Standort, auf dem die Pflanzzwiebeln vor allem im trockenen, heißen April aufgrund von fehlender Bewässerung Wachstumshemmungen zeigten. Die Gesamterträge lagen an diesem Standort auf niedrigem Niveau. Der Amerikaner-Typ ‚Yankee’ hatte einen Ertrag von 301 dt/ha, ‚Summit’ lag bei 339 dt/ha. An Standort 2, auf einem lehmigen Sand, zeigten beide Sorte sehr hohe Erträge: ‚Yankee’ hatte einen Gesamtertrag von über 600 dt/ha, ‚Summit’ von 523 dt/ha. Der Falsche Mehltau trat an beiden Stanorten nur im geringen Maße auf. Teilversuch 3: Vergleich der Lagereignung verschiedener Sorten bei Sä- und Pflanzzwiebeln Aus der Zwiebelsaison 2007 wurden aus den Sä- und Pflanzversuchen eines von der Bundesanstalt für ‚Landwirtschaft und Ernährung (BLE) geförderten Projektes verschiedene Zwiebelsorten unter Praxisbedingungen eingelagert und nach der Auslagerung auf die Lagereignung bonitiert. Die Säzwiebeln unterlagen dabei den üblichen Atmungsverlusten und waren zum Auslagerungstermin in einem guten Zustand. Die Zwiebeln von Betrieb 1 hatten tendenziell höhere Atmungsverluste als die von Betrieb 2. Der Anteil der ‚nicht marktfähigen Zwiebeln’ wurde vor allem durch ausgetriebene und faule Zwiebel verursacht. Der Anteil an getriebenen Zwiebeln war bei den Säzwiebeln sehr gering. An Standort 1 zeigte nur die Öko-Sorte ‚Bajosta’ zum Boniturtermin im Februar einen leichten Austrieb von 0,5 %. An Standort 2 war der Anteil an ausgetriebenen Zwiebeln bei allen untersuchten Sorten etwas höher. Die mehltauresistente Sorte ‚Yankee’ hatte hier den höchsten Anteil an ausgetriebenen Zwiebeln mit 1,1 %, vermutlich ist dies durch ihren Amerikaner-Typ zu begründen. Der Anteil an faulen Zwiebeln lag bei den Säversuchen in einem geringen Maße, aber tendenziell gab es auch hier bei den Säzwiebeln vom Betrieb 2 höhere Verluste. Schalenlosigkeit verursachte kaum Verluste. Bei den Pflanzzwiebeln waren die Verluste durch Atmung wesentlich höher als bei den Säzwiebeln. Es gab Atmungsverluste von bis zu 10 %. Die neue mehltauresistente Sorte ‚Yankee’ hatte dabei an beiden Standorten wesentlich höhere Verluste als die Standardsorte ‚Summit’. Weitere hohe Verluste gab es durch Fäulnis. Auch dabei hatte ‚Yankee’ höhere Einbußen als die norddeutsche Standardsorte ‚Summit’ zu verzeichnen. Der hohe Anteil an Fäulnis wurde durch Botrytis sp. verursacht. Zum einen drangen die Erreger über das absterbende Laub ein und lösten im Lager die so genannte Zwiebelhalsfäule aus. Die Zwiebeln werden dabei im oberen Teil wässrig und braun. Zum anderen wurde die Fäulnis der Pflanzzwiebeln durch Botrytiserreger ausgelöst, die über Verletzungen in der Bulbe eingedrungen sind. Auch dort wird das Gewebe weich und wässrig, und bildet zum Teil einen grauen Pilzbelag, der später die gesamte Zwiebel befällt. Zur Ernte herrschte bei beiden Pflanzversuchen eine sehr feuchte, mäßig warme Witterung, die den Botrytis-Befall begünstigt hat. Die mehltauresistente Sorte ‚Yankee’ hatte bei den Pflanzzwiebeln vermutlich aufgrund ihres Amerikaner-Typs auf beiden Standorten höhere Ausfälle als die norddeutsche Standardsorte ‚Summit’. %0 Conference Paper %A Lieblein, Dr. Geir %A Caporali, Prof. Fabio %A von Fragstein, Prof. Peter %A Francis, Prof. Charles %D 2008 %F orgprints:11979 %K farming systems, agroecology, organic farming, action research, learning landscapes %T Research - Teaching Integration in Agroecology and Organic Farming %U http://orgprints.org/11979/ %X Integration of research and teaching enhances the success of students in both areas, and contributes to preparation of graduates who are capable of handling the complexity of location-specific challenges in farming and food systems. A European Network of Organic Agriculture Teachers (ENOAT) convened a workshop in Italy in 2007 to explore the current state of integration and potentials for further developing this learning strategy in universities. We concluded that integration brings motivation to students and greater relevance to their learning environment, both key issues in providing success in the learning landscape. %0 Generic %A Lindenthal, Thomas %A Klingbacher, Elisabeth %A Kranzler, Andreas %D 2008 %E Bundesministerium für Land- und Forstwirtschaft, BMLFUW %F orgprints:13469 %I Bundesministerium für Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Wien %K Österreich, Forschung zum biologischen Landbau %T Bioforschung für die Praxis. Präsentation laufender und abgeschlossener Projekte zur und für die österreichische Bio-Landwirtschaft. Redaktion: Reinhard Geßl %U http://orgprints.org/13469/ %X Inhaltsverzeichnis Einführung und Monitoring von „Betriebsentwicklungs-Plänen (BEP) für Tiergesundheit und Wohlbefinden“ auf österreichischen Bioschweinebetrieben Christine Leeb et al. Prävention ausgewählter Erkrankungen und Parasiten in biologischen Schweinebetrieben durch ein HACCP basiertes Management- und Überwachungssystem Sabine Dippel et al. Reducing lameness in organic dairy herds – Preliminary results of an intervention study in Germany Jan Brinkmann et al. Minimierung des Tierarzneimitteleinsatzes in der ökologischen Milchviehhaltung durch „Herdengesundheits- und Wohlbefindens“-Pläne Elisabeth Gratzer et al. Tiergesundheitspläne und Tiergesundheitsindikationen aus Sicht ökologisch wirtschaftender MilchviehhalterInnen – erste Ergebnisse einer Pilotstudie in Deutschland Solveig March et al. Tiergesundheit Schwein – Orale Eisenversorgung Werner Hagmüller et al. Tiergesundheit Schwein – KRÄUTOFER: Einsatz eines Zusatzfuttermittels mit Tonmineralien, Mikroorganismen und Kräutern Werner Hagmüller et al. Tiergesundheit Schwein – SAFEWASTE: Reststoffe für die Tierernährung Werner Hagmüller et al. Tiergesundheit Schwein – BEP VET: Betriebsentwicklungspläne für Bioschweinehalter // Stallumbau Zuchtsauenstall Wels Werner Hagmüller Reduktion der Saugferkelverluste – Ermittlung und Reduktion der Saugferkelverluste am Bio-Versuchsstall für Schweine in Thalheim bei Wels Josef Mayrhauser Wiederkäuergesundheit im Biolandbau Reinhard Geßl et al. Einsatz von Esparsettenheu in der Prophylaxe von Haemonchusinfektionen bei Mastlämmern Leopold Podstatzky et al. Einsatz einer Kräuter-Gewürzmischung zur Parasitenregulation Leopold Podstatzky et al. Weidehaltung von Rindern Leopold Podstatzky et al. Einsatz von seltenen Rassen in der Fleischproduktion – Mastleistung und Fleischqualität von Kreuzungslämmern Waldschaf x Suffolk Leopold Podstatzky et al. Low-Input Weidehaltung von Rindern Andreas Steinwidder et al. Bio-Milchviehzucht – Informationsplattform Andreas Steinwidder Einsatz von Vollmilch zur Bio-Kalbfleischerzeugung Andreas Steinwidder et al. Reduktion des Ampferbesatzes in belasteten Grünlandflächen durch gezieltes Weidemanagement als Basis für deren langfristige Sanierung Andreas Steinwidder et al. Lupins, peas and cereal grains as supplements in organic dairy cow rations Margit Velik et al. Untersuchung zukunftsorientierter Fütterungskonzepte für laktierende Zuchtsauen in der Biologischen Landwirtschaft Roswitha Weissensteiner et al. Einfluss von Silage und Probiotikum auf Leistung, Gesundheit und Darmflora von Bio-Mastschweinen Philipp Nagel et al. Auswirkungen und Notwendigkeiten intensiver Dauerweiden Walter Starz et al. Kleegrasanbau im Alpenvorland Walter Starz et al. Wirtschaftsdüngerbehandlung im Dauergrünland Walter Starz et al. Praktische Umsetzung von Tierschutz- und Bio-Richtlinien am landwirtschaftlichen Betrieb Elfriede Ofner-Schröck Der Beitrag der österreichischen Biobauern zur Erhaltung der alten, seltenen Nutztierrassen Franz Fischerleitner et al. Mitarbeit bei Änderungen der EU-Bio-Verordnung 2092/91 Gerhard Plakolm Energiebilanz österreichischer Milchviehbetriebe Thomas Guggenberger Rechner für den ökologischen Fußabdruck für die Landwirtschaft Michael Narodoslawsky et al. Landwirtschaft 2020 – Grundlagen einer nachhaltigen energietechnischen Gesellschaftsentwicklung Birgit Birnstingl et al. Was bedeutet „Konventionalisierung“? – Konventionelle Lösungsansätze statt Kreislaufdenken untergraben den Biolandbau Ruth Bartel-Kratochvil et al. Regionale Produktketten von Bio-Brotgetreide in NÖ: Stärken, Schwächen, Chancen, Hemmnisse, Unterstützungsmaßnahmen Heidi Leitner et al. Projekte über bäuerliches Erfahrungswissen – Grundlagen der Biologischen Landwirtschaft Christian R. Vogl et al. Experimente und Innovationen von Biobauern in Österreich, Israel und Kuba Susanne Kummer et al. Umstellung auf den biologischen Landbau – Langzeitmonitoring – Projekt MUBIL Andreas Surböck et al. Arbeitsgruppe Bodenfruchtbarkeit und Anbausysteme Jürgen Friedel et al. Arbeitskreis Technik im biologischen Landbau Manfred Gollner et al. Sensibilisierung der Bevölkerung für Naturschutzziele im ländlichen Raum Peter Meindl Bionet Österreich – ein Projekt zum verbesserten Wissenstransfer von der Forschung zur Praxis Andreas Kranzler et al. Ergebnisse aus dem Bionet-Projekt Waltraud Hein et al. Eignung von Sorten für den Biolandbau Waltraud Hein et al. Vogelfraß im Biolandbau: Möglichkeiten der Bekämpfung Waltraud Hein et al. Untersuchungen der Fruchtfäule des Ölkürbis Herbert Huss et al. Monitoring der im Bio-Ackerbau auftretenden Pflanzenkrankheiten unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Klimaerwärmung Herbert Huss et al. Neue Pflanzenkrankheiten Herbert Huss Strategien zur Bekämpfung des Zwergsteinbrands im Bio-Landbau Herbert Huss Leguminosen – Fundamente der Bio-Fruchtfolge Gabi Pietsch et al. Pflanzenzüchtung für die biologische Landwirtschaft Heinrich Grausgruber et al. Bioaktivität von sekundären Pflanzeninhaltsstoffen gegen Thripse Elisabeth H. Koschier Wirkung von Trockenstress auf die Kornerträge eines Sortiments von Winterweizen Michael Oberforster et al. Ertrag und Qualität von Weizensorten im Biolandbau sowie ökonomische Auswirkungen bei unterschiedlichen Preisszenarien Michael Oberforster Einfluss von Sortenmischungen auf pflanzenbauliche und qualitative Parameter bei Winterweizen Clemens Flamm Testing of pear trees on their own roots in comparison with important uses rootstocks under organic farming conditions with special regard to fire blight (E. amylovora) Andreas Spornberger et al. Characteristics of early ripening strawberry cultivars as tolerant alternatives to „Elsanta“ in verticillium infested soils and under organic farming conditions Helene Weissinger et al. Ertragsleistung, Fruchtqualität und Phenolgehalt von Apfelsorten bei biologischer und integrierter Produktion Lothar Wurm et al. Evaluation of an active mating disruption concept against codling moth (Cydia pomonella) under the aspects of different application systems and varieties Barbara Schildberger et al. Leistungsprüfung verschiedener Apfelsorten bei biologischer und integrierter Produktion Lothar Wurm et al. Laufende Bio-Obstprojekte des LFZ Klosterneuburg Lothar Wurm Aktuelle Tätigkeiten zum Thema Biologischer Weinbau Martin Mehofer et al. Prüfung pilzwiderstandsfähiger Neuzüchtungen unter kupferfreien organisch-biologischen Anbaubedingungen Martin Mehofer et al. Oidiumbekämpfung unter den Bedingungen des organisch-biologischen Weinbaus bei der Rebsorte Neuburger Martin Mehofer et al. %0 Generic %A Lindenthal, Thomas %A Klingbacher, Elisabeth %A Kranzler, Andreas %D 2008 %F orgprints:13468 %K Körnerleguminosen, Mischkultur %T Schwerpunktthema Körnerleguminosen und Mischfruchtanbau %U http://orgprints.org/13468/ %X Einleitung Der Anbau von Körnerleguminosen ist ein wichtiger Beitrag zur ökologischen Stabilisierung von Agrarökosystemen. Alle Körnerleguminosen zeichnen sich durch einen hohen Vorfruchtwert aus, das bedeutet: • Stickstoff-Fixierleistung: Bereitstellung leicht verfügbaren Stickstoffs für die Folgekultur. Jedoch wird über den Kornertrag auch viel N vom Feld abtransportiert (der bei viehlosen Betrieben nicht mehr über die Wirtschaftsdünger zurückkommt, so dass dann nur zw. +15 bis max. + 40 kg N/ha für die Folgekultur bleiben). • Humusaufbau und Förderung des Bodenlebens • bodenstrukturverbessernde Wirkung sowie Erosionsschutz • Mobilisierung von Nährstoffen • phytosanitäre Effekte sowie positive Beeinflussung der Beikrautflora %0 Conference Paper %A Lindenthal, Dr. Thomas %A Bartel-Kratochvil, Dr. Ruth %A Darnhofer, Dr. Ika %A Zollitsch, Dr. Werner %D 2008 %F orgprints:14941 %T Konventionalisierung: Die Schattenseite des Biobooms %U http://orgprints.org/14941/ %X Der Biolandbau ist vor gut 50 Jahren angetreten, um eine Alternative zur konventionellen Landwirtschaft zu bieten, eine Alternative zur Maximierung der Erträge, die weitgehend ohne Rücksicht auf Ökologie, Betriebsorganismus und Eigenständigkeit der Betriebe geschah. %0 Conference Paper %A Lindgen, Kristina %A Lindahl, Cecilia %A Höglund, Johan %A Roepstorff, Allan %D 2008 %F orgprints:12231 %K fattening pigs, organic husbandry, outdoor, pasture rotation, helminths %T Occurrence of intestinal helminths in two organic pig production systems %U http://orgprints.org/12231/ %X Organically raised pigs are at particular risk of being infected with pasture borne endoparasites, but the housing and management system may nevertheless have a great impact on transmission. In the present study pasture rotation routines on six pig farms representing two different organic management systems were compared; 1) a mobile system, in which the pigs during the summer were living in huts on pastures that were included in a long-term crop rotation scheme, while they during the winter were stabled with access to a concrete yard; 2) a stationary system, in which the pigs all year round were stabled with access to outdoor pastures in the summer time and a concrete yard in the winter. On one farm per system, the faecal excretion of nematode eggs from the pigs were analysed for a period of 3 years. Furthermore, soil samples were collected on a mobile farm to investigate levels of nematode eggs from fields with different pig/fertilizer history. The results showed that the use of a stationary system did not fulfil the actual recommendations for prevention of nematodes. The infection levels of A. suum and Oesophagostomum spp were high in the young pigs in both systems. In contrast, T. suis egg excretion was steadily very low in the mobile system, while the infection level increased during the observation period in the stationary system. The number of eggs in soil from the fields that had been used as pig pastures until November was larger compared to those used only until September, or that was fertilized by manure. %0 Conference Paper %A Lips, Dr. Markus %D 2008 %F orgprints:11549 %K work income, organic farming, conventional farming %T Do organic livestock farms in Switzerland earn higher work incomes? %U http://orgprints.org/11549/ %X In order to analyse the influence of organic farming on work income per standard working day, a multiple regression is carried out for Swiss farms engaged in livestock production, using farm accounts as a data basis. The work income of organic farms is CHF 24 (20%) higher per standard working day than that of farms participating in the “Proof of Ecological Performance” programme. %0 Generic %A Little, Tony %D 2008 %F orgprints:13564 %K Agriculture, organic farming, energy, emissions, reducing energy, reducing emissions %T Monitoring and Management of Energy and Emissions in agriculture %U http://orgprints.org/13564/ %X The primary purpose of this review is to collate the results of research into energy use and emissions in organic farming, and to provide advisors with an analysis of the results, access to the data used and a review of the benchmarking methodologies available. The review will inform those working in the development of benchmarking tools and advising farmers on practices to improve their performance. Specifically it will: •Identify organic management practices to reduce energy inputs and minimise the global warming potential of the system •Identify appropriate auditing methodologies •Facilitate access to input data (energy use and emissions figures for agricultural activities) which can be used in the development of an auditing tool •Summarise the energy and emissions levels found in organic farming systems and comparable conventional systems. %0 Book %A Liu, Pascal %A Byers, Alice %A Giovannucci, Daniele. %D 2008 %F orgprints:13307 %I FAO Rome %K certified, trade, imports, supply chains, markets, supermarkets, organic, fair trade, Rainforest Alliance, Utz, Smithsonian, social standards, environmental standards, voluntary standards, certification, fruits, coffee, cocoa, chocolate, supermarkets, commodities %T Value-adding Standards in the North American Food Market - Trade Opportunities in Certified Products for Developing Countries. %U http://orgprints.org/13307/ %X Consumers are increasingly attentive to the social and environmental aspects of food production as evidenced by the significant expansion of certified food sales even in mainstream channels. This publication analyzes the use of certification schemes and standards such as organics, fair trade, and others as value-added products in the food markets of the U.S. and Canada. It assesses the volumes, trends, and market opportunities for these products and focuses on environmental and social certification schemes. Tropical fruits, coffee, and cocoa are the main product categories examined. %0 Conference Paper %A Liu, Yuexian %A Høgh-Jensen, Henning %A Egelyng, Henrik %D 2008 %F orgprints:11548 %K Local and organic food chain, Circular Economy, Leisure Agriculture %T The Circular Economy of a Local Organic Food Chain: Xiedao in Beijing %U http://orgprints.org/11548/ %X The local organic food market in China is growing and socalled leisure agriculture has been widely accepted and advocated in urban areas as a positive means of relaxation. This paper presents an analysis of a local organic food chain based on leisure agriculture and seeks to explain development of organic food in Urban China using the theoretical frame of the Circular Economy. The study uses a local organic food chain involving Xiedao as a case. In conclusion, the paper provides an estimate of the energy use efficiency of the chain. %0 Conference Paper %A Lo Scalzo, R. %A Iannoccari, T. %A Genna, A. %A Di Cesare, L. F. %A Viscardi, D. %A Ferrari, V. %A Campanelli, G. %D 2008 %F orgprints:11758 %K cauliflower, organic, conventional, rotation, phytochemicals,quality %T Organic vs. conventional field trials: the effect on cauliflower quality %U http://orgprints.org/11758/ %X Cauliflowers represented nearly 10% of the total vegetable production in EU and are rich sources of phytonutrients which positively affect human health. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect over 6 years of organic (OR) and conventional (CO) field trials on 16 different genotipes of cauliflower, employing crop rotation. Yield of production and quality-nutraceuticals characteristic (dry matter, soluble solid residue, pH, titratable acidity, vitamin C, total polyphenols index, thiols content, antioxidant potential and main volatiles) were determined. Yield and florets weights gave a significant decrease in OR (about 25% on total average) respect to CO. The differences in DM, Soluble Solids, pH and total acidity between each OR and CO genotipes were negligible, don’t showing a quality loss in OR-grown cauliflowers. The vit C content was higher (16% on total average) in OR respect to CO. The total polyphenol index and the thiols content resulted slightly higher in OR, hence the difference resulted not significant with CO fields. The antioxidant profile showed high indexes in OR-grown cauliflowers, but the differences with CO resulted not significant. As regards the volatile amounts, the total average difference between OR and CO resulted not significant, with a difference for the single samplings: 4 resulted higher in CO and 2 resulted higher in OR-grown plants. The most important objective of OR management is to prevent quality loss by the produce respect to the CO one, and it seems that the present experiments meet this objective, with the exception of productivity. %0 Conference Paper %A Lodesani, Dr Marco %A Costa, Dr Cecilia %D 2008 %F orgprints:11602 %K beekeeping / beeswax / acaricide / residue / Apis mellifera %T Residues in beeswax after conversion to organic beekeeping %U http://orgprints.org/11602/ %X Beekeepers interested in converting their honey farms to organic management must replace old combs with organic foundations. The experiment described in this paper compares two methods of replacement of old combs, “fast” (5 combs per year) and “slow” (2 combs per year), by measuring the levels of acaricide residues in the newly built combs. Considered acaricides were coumaphos (Perizin and Asuntol), fluvalinate (Apistan) and clorfenvinphos (Supona). Significant differences between the two replacement groups were observed only for the Apistan group in the third year, confirming high lipophilicity of fluvalinate. The residue levels in the newly built combs three years after beginning the conversion were significantly lower than initial levels for all products. Direct contamination of the combs was evaluated at the beginning of the trial and was found to be highest in Asuntol-treated hives and lowest in Perizin-treated hives. Residues in honey exceeding EU Maximum Residue Limit were found only in the case of Asuntol. %0 Conference Paper %A Loges, Ralf %A Kelm, Michael %A Taube, Friedhelm %D 2008 %F orgprints:12256 %K nitrate leaching, energy efficiency, stockless organic farming, conventional farming %T Nitrate leaching and energy efficiency of stockless arable systems compared with mixed farming and a non-organic system on fertile soils in Northern Germany %U http://orgprints.org/12256/ %X Previous studies based on either small-scale plot experiments or modelling approaches, indicate a lower risk of nitrate leaching and a higher energy efficiency in organic than in conventional farming systems. Because there is still a lack of data measured at the farm scale, which also take farm type and farming practices into account, a comparison between an N-intensive non-organic, two organic all-arable crop rotations and a typical rotation of a mixed organic farm was carried out over a three-year period at a highly productive site in Northern Germany. Comparing the all-arable crop rotations, the organic systems had 70% lower potential yields than the regional typical conventional crop rotation. In spite of 60% lower input of fossil energy an N-intensive organic crop rotation showed 20 percent lower energy efficiency than a comparable conventional. In the present study, the higher N inputs and higher N surplus in the conventional system did not lead to significantly higher nitrate leaching than in the organic all-arable crop rotations. Comparison of an organic all-arable crop rotation with the corresponding mixed farming system showed significantly higher potential yields, higher energy efficiency and lower nitrate leaching in the organic mixed farming system. Management of the grass/clover (mulching versus feeding) had the strongest influence on nitrate leaching and energy efficiency in the organic systems. The decision to undertake stockless instead of mixed organic farming should not only be based on economic reasons, but also take the important aspects of energy and nitrogen efficiency into account. %0 Conference Paper %A Loges, Ralf %A Mauscherning, Inken %A Taube, Friedhelm %D 2008 %F orgprints:12535 %K intercropping, catch crops, winter cereals, nitrate leaching %T Autumn sown catch crop understoreys as strategy to reduce nitrate leaching in winter cereals %U http://orgprints.org/12535/ %X Under conditions with wet mild winters due to high nitrate leaching risk growing systems with high nitrogen (N) uptake efficiency in autumn are necessary, especially after pre crops with a high N release. In 2003 and 2004 a field trial was conducted in Northern Germany to investigate autumn N uptake and nitrate leaching in autumn sown winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus) grown intercropped with catch crops. Catch crops in pure stands were sown as control. In each system three catch crops common vetch (Vicia sativa), forage rape (Brassica napus) and oats (Avena sativa) were tested simultaneously. The experiment was run parallel after grass clover (high N status) and oats (low N status). N uptake, soil mineral nitrogen (Nmin) and nitrate leaching of all stands were determined. Especially with winter wheat intercropping with catch crops increased N-uptake in autumn. In all stands forage rape and oats led to a higher N uptake than common vetch. In comparison to pure sown winter wheat, intercropping reduced Nmin by more than 30 %. Nitrate leaching was highest after grass clover. Averaged over both pre crops intercropping of winter wheat and catch crops led to a reduction of nitrate leaching in a range of 38 to 60 %. Grown as intercrop to winter oilseed rape forage rape and oats decreased nitrate leaching compared to pure sown rape by 50 and 39 %, respectively. If cultivation of winter wheat after N intensive pre cop in winter mild climates is wanted, an intercropped production system with catch crops is a mean to reduce N leaching risks. Further investigations are necessary to clarify on yield performance of the main crops when growing together with catch crops. %0 Conference Paper %A Lohr, Luanne %A Park, Timothy %D 2008 %F orgprints:12342 %K labor management, seasonal workers, elasticity of complementarity %T The Impact of Labor and Hiring Decisions on the Performance of U.S. Organic Farms %U http://orgprints.org/12342/ %X An increased emphasis on the viability and growth of local food systems which reduce "food miles" has promoted efforts encouraging farmers and processors to sell and distribute food products to local consumers. The elasticity of complementarity is used to predict adjustments in relative wage payments if organic farmers commit to local selling. We use comprehensive U.S. data on organic practices to show that a commitment to local sales leads to lower organic farm incomes. Policies that promote a shift to local sales would lead to decreased use of seasonal workers and higher wages for seasonal workers with smaller adjustments in the wages of year-round workers. %0 Conference Paper %A Lohr, Dr. Luanne %A Park, Dr. Timothy %D 2008 %F orgprints:12109 %K technology adoption, information sources, count data, weeds %T Gender Effects on Adoption of Organic Weed Management Techniques %U http://orgprints.org/12109/ %X Nearly 21% of U.S. organic farmers are women, compared with 9% of all U.S. farmers. Little research has isolated the factors influencing adoption of organic farming practices by male and female organic farmers. Male organic farmers adopt more weed control practices than female organic farmers and use a different portfolio of techniques. Results from a count data model and a national survey of U.S. organic farmers were used to decompose observed gender differences in technology adoption into a characteristics effect and a coefficient effect. The analysis shows that 40% of the adoption differential is due to differences in characteristics of male and female organic farmers. Education, experience, information sources, and institutional support are key factors causing the gender gap in number and type of adopted practices. %0 Generic %A Lorenz, N. %A Spieß, H. %D 2008 %E Wilbois, K.-P. %F orgprints:15210 %I European Consortium for Organic plant breeding (ECO-PB) %K BÖL, BOEL, FKZ 03OE657, FKZ 02OE129, Flugbrand, Hartbrand, Pflanzengesundheit, Resistenzzüchtung %N II/2008 %P 3-4 %T Results on smut resistance of winter barley varieties published %U http://orgprints.org/15210/ %X Resistance of winter barley against loose and covered smut has been checked in field experiments for several years at Dottenfelderhof near Frankfurt/Germany. %0 Generic %A Lorenz, N. %A Spieß, H. %D 2008 %E Wilbois, K.-P. %F orgprints:17063 %I European Consortium for Organic plant breeding (ECO-PB) %K BÖL, BOEL, FKZ 03OE657, FKZ 02OE129, Flugbrand, Hartbrand, Pflanzengesundheit, Resistenzzüchtung %N II/2008 %P 3-4 %T Results on smut resistance of winter barley varieties published %U http://orgprints.org/17063/ %X Resistance of winter barley against loose and covered smut has been checked in field experiments for several years at Dottenfelderhof near Frankfurt/Germany. %0 Conference Paper %A LOUARN, Sébastien %A Jensen, Birgit %A NAWROCKI, Arkadiusz %A NØRREGAARD JENSEN, Ole %D 2008 %F orgprints:16216 %T Proteomic analysis of the Mycocentrospora acerina-carrot interaction during storage %U http://orgprints.org/16216/ %X During post harvest storage, a large proportion of carrots (more than 50%) may have to be discarded due to the development of liquorice rot caused by Mycocentrospora acerina. This fungus is soil borne and brought into the store in to soil adhering to the root. Liquorice rot development is mainly related to physiological or structural resistance of carrot, therefore the control of this storage disease is based on cultural practices and storage conditions. It is believed that carrots at the beginning of storage can resist disease developments due to chemical defence mechanisms involving some proteins, peptides and secondary metabolites. The hypothesis is that proteome changes during storage of carrots are related to the susceptibility to M. acerina. During root-pathogen interactions, several genes have been reported to provide resistance against pathogens but only few proteins have been identified using proteomic approaches. Little is known about proteins involved during M. acerina - carrot interaction. The carrots used in this study are grown under two different agricultural practices (one conventional, one organic) in order to investigate the effect of the cropping system on the susceptibility to liquorice rot. We developed a bioassay for infection studies of M. acerina on conventional and organic carrots in order to determine the important time points of the infection process. Then the proteome is investigated at these different time points. The protocol for extraction of proteins has been improved so that it can be used to obtain an optimal recovery of proteins from both plant and pathogen on their own as well as from infected carrot roots. Proteomes of carrot and of M. acerina are characterized by two dimensional gel electrophoreses and the proteins whose synthesis varies significantly in the course of pathogen infection are identified by mass spectrometry (MALDI TOF-TOF). %0 Thesis %9 Masters %A Lteif, Ana Paula Alves Silva %B PPG em Extensão Rural %D 2008 %F orgprints:21962 %I Universidade Federal de Viçosa %K Construção social, Agroecologia, Assentamentos rurais. Social construction, Agroecology, Rural settlement. %T A construção social da agroecologia no assentamento Tapera, em Riacho dos Machados, MG. %U http://orgprints.org/21962/ %X The present work analyzes the social construction of development alternatives, expressed through the proposal of the agroecology, bringing as empiric reference for analysis the experience in agroecology of a rural settlement. That Settlement is called Tapera and it is located in the district of Riacho dos Machados, in the North area of the Minas Gerais state, and its technique is advised and politically for an organization of the civil society, more precisely for an Non-Govemmental Organization (NGO) dedicated to the rural development, that has as proposal to promote the maintainable rural development based in the Agroecology beginnings. However, previous to the study of the case in subject, it was looked for understanding the emergency of conceptions and proposed development alternatives and the mobilization of the organized civil society starting from partner-environrnental problerns, above all to those related to the agriculture. For so much, it had as emphasis to the concepts and representations reated around the agroecology and the potential of the proposal for the rural development. This way, this research puts in interaction themes as development, agroecology, social mediators, developrnent NGOs and rural settIement, so that it allows an including understanding of the complexity and of the meaning of the experience that it intended to analyze. %0 Conference Paper %A Lueck, Lorna %A Brandt, Kirsten %A Seal, Chris %A Rembialkovska, Ewa %A Huber, Machtheld %A Butler, Gillian %A Bennett, Richard %A Oughton, Liz %A Nicholas, Philipa %A Kretzschmar, Ursula %A Sundrum, Albert %A Leifert, Carlo %D 2008 %F orgprints:13376 %K organic cropping system, low-input cropping system, food quzality %T QLIF Workshop 1: Product quality in organic and low input farming systems. %U http://orgprints.org/13376/ %X QLIF researchers have quantified effects on food quality and health of products such as wheat, forage, apples, milk and meat. The workshop identifies factors which cause variation of the product quality for different commodities. Experimental findings on quality of organic and low input foods will be compared with consumer expectations and attitudes. For selected quality improving measures their economic impact will be analysed. Furthermore, the role of processing in maintaining or improving specific ‘organic’ qualities will be examined. %0 Conference Paper %A Lueck, Dr. Lorna %A Velimirov, Dr. Alberta %A Shiel, Dr. Robert S. %A Cooper, Dr. Julia M. %A Leifert, Prof. Carlo %D 2008 %F orgprints:11867 %K wheat, food preference, systems comparison %T Effect of wheat production system components on food preference in rats %U http://orgprints.org/11867/ %X In the study presented the effects of two major system components - fertility management and crop protection - were tested in a rat preference test for the first time. Wheat samples produced under 4 combinations of these management factors: -a) organic fertility and crop protection management, b) organic fertility management and conventional crop protection c) conventional fertility management and organic crop protection and d) conventional fertility management and crop protection - generated in the Nafferton factorial systems comparison (NFSC) trial at Newcastle University, were used as experimental diets. Results showed that the organically fertilised wheat was preferred by rats (P = 0.001) while the organic crop protection resulted in reduced wheat consumption (not significant). This might indicate that the rats did not sense or did not select against possible traces of plant protection agents but responded more clearly to differences that were caused by the fertility management. %0 Conference Paper %A Lukas, Martin %A Cahn, M. %D 2008 %F orgprints:11634 %K Organic agriculture, sustainable livelihoods, rural development, India, Karnataka %T Organic agriculture and rural livelihoods in Karnataka, India %U http://orgprints.org/11634/ %X The research explored the effects a change from conventional to organic farming had on the livelihoods of a group of farmers in Karnataka, South India. It involved semi-structured interviews with organic farmers, NGOs, consumers, marketing organisations, and the State Agricultural Department. The farmers in the case study perceived that they had improved their livelihoods over the long term by the conversion from conventional to organic farming. Reduced costs for external inputs and reduced labour requirements together with similar or higher yields and premium prices resulted in higher net-farm incomes. The conversion to organic farming reduced the reliance on credits and the risk of crop failure due to pests, diseases and droughts, thereby reducing vulnerability. In addition, the farmers mentioned enhanced natural assets, reduced risk of pesticide poisonings, improved food safety, higher levels of self-sufficiency, and the access to networks supporting knowledge exchange and political participation as important benefits of the conversion. However, almost all the case study farmers noted that the conversion period was difficult due to temporarily declining yields and a lack of information and experiences. This is likely to be a major constraint preventing asset-poor farmers from adopting organic agriculture. %0 Generic %A Lund, T.B. %A O'Doherty Jensen, K. %D 2008 %F orgprints:15200 %T Consumption of Organic Foods from a Life History Perspective: An Exploratory Study among Danish Consumers %U http://orgprints.org/15200/ %X No summary available %0 Conference Paper %A Lyons, Dr Kristen %A Burch, Prof David %D 2008 %F orgprints:12071 %K global South; socio-economic impacts; Africa; food security; rural development. %T Socio-Economic Effects of Organic Agriculture in Africa %U http://orgprints.org/12071/ %X The African continent has experienced significant growth in the organic sector in recent years. This paper draws from in-depth interviews with fifty organic farmers across four selected countries – Egypt, Ghana, Kenya and Uganda – to document the socio-economic impacts associated with the uptake of organic farming practices. Our results demonstrate five benefits for farmers, farm families and surrounding communities arising from entry into organics: increased farm incomes; expanded marketing opportunities; empowerment of farmers; health benefits, and; sustaining environments. Our paper concludes with a series of recommendations to assist the on-going expansion of organics in Africa. %0 Generic %A Løes, Anne-Kristin %A Koesling, Matthias %A Flaten, Ola %A Lien, Gudbrand %D 2008 %F orgprints:13523 %I Nationen %K Opting Out, omlegging, utmelding, 15 % mål, conversion, opting out, 15 % goal, Norway %N 104 %P 28-28 %T Framtid for økolandbruket? %U http://orgprints.org/13523/ %X Med et offentlig mål om at 15 % av matproduksjonen og -forbruket skal være økologisk i 2015, må norsk økologisk landbruk vokse raskt og mye. Da er det problematisk at mange økobønder slutter. Fra 2004 til 2007 meldte 646 bønder seg ut av Debios kontrollordning for økologisk produksjon. Nettotilveksten i samme periode var bare 177 bruk, slik at det i 2007 var 2611 økogårder i Norge. Andel økologisk jordbruksareal økte fra 3,4 til 3,9 %, noe som er for sakte i forhold til målsetningen. %0 Generic %A Løes, Anne-Kristin %A Koesling, Matthias %A Flaten, Ola %A Lien, Gudbrand %D 2008 %F orgprints:13969 %I Nationen %K utmelding, omlegging, Debio, 15 % mål, opting out, registration, certification, Norway, conversion, Opting Out %N 182 %P 20-20 %T Økobonden og byråkratiet %U http://orgprints.org/13969/ %X I løpet av de siste årene har flere hundre økobønder meldt seg ut av Debio, kontrollorganet for økologisk landbruk i NOrge. Samtidig viser en nylig gjennomført spørreundersøkelse blant tidligere og nåværende økobønder at en av fire økobønder vurderer å melde seg ut (se kronikk av samme forfattere i Nationen 7. mai 2008). De viktigste årsakene til å melde seg ut var 1) for mye byråkrati med Debio-sertifisering og –kontroll, 2) for små tilskudd til økologisk landbruk, 3) uforutsigbare politiske rammevilkår for økologisk landbruk og 4) for lav merpris på økovarer. %0 Conference Paper %A Løes, Anne-Kristin %A Koesling, Matthias %A Flaten, Ola %A Lien, Gudbrand %D 2008 %F orgprints:13747 %K Opting Out, Norway, regulation, certification, conversion, motivation for organic farming %T Presentation: Dropping organic certification - effects on organic farming in Norway %U http://orgprints.org/13747/ %X From 2002 to 06, the annual dropout rate of certified organic farmers averaged 7.3%. A project was started in 2007 to explore farmer’s reasons for opting out of certified organic production. Important factors seem to be public regulations including standards for organic farming, agronomy, economy, and farm exit. While many organic farmers with relatively small holdings have opted out, farmers with more land and larger herds tend to convert to organic agriculture. The trend towards larger-scale farms in organic than in conventional agriculture, encouraged by the design of the organic farming payments, challenges the organic principles of diversity and fairness. Means should be considered to ensure that small organic enterprises are also economically viable. %0 Generic %A Løes, Anne-Kristin %A Koesling, Matthias %A Roos, Gun %A Birkeland, Liv %A Solemdal, Liv %C Tingvoll, Norway %D 2008 %F orgprints:13346 %I Bioforsk Organic Food and Farming %K Organic food, youth, public procurement, health, school meal systems, iPOPY %T Organic and conventional public food procurement for youth in Norway %U http://orgprints.org/13346/ %X In Norway, public procurement of food to youth is not well developed in comparison to many other European and Scandinavian countries. School meals are only offered in very few primary schools, and the common school meal is a packed lunch (sandwiches) brought from home, consumed in the class room. Subscription schemes for milk were introduced around 1970, and for fruit around 1995. Organic milk and fruit is offered only in some regions. Since 2007, fruit is served without payment in all schools with a lower secondary level (class 8-10 or 1-10). This effort was introduced as a first step to develop a free school meal in all public schools, which is a goal of one of the political parties in the current government. As in many other European countries, free school meals were offered (especially to poor children) in schools in the larger Norwegian cities around 1900. However, these meals were criticised for being unhealthy, and replaced by whole grain bread, milk and vegetables around 1930. Increasing private wealth, and increased demand for investments in school buildings, books etc changed the public priority and free school meals disappeared in Oslo around 1960. Today, there is not a general agreement about the optimal school meal composition, and whether or not the meals should be funded by the public. However, the increasing length of the school day and unsatisfactory scores of Norwegian pupils in international comparison tests (e.g. PISA) makes the school meal sector highly relevant in the public debate. Three cases that will be studied in a research project about public organic food procurement for youth are briefly described: The municipality of Trondheim, Øya music festival in Oslo and the Air Force Academy. (Increased) serving of organic food is an important aim in all these cases, and young people are an important target group. The report is produced within the project “innovative Public Organic food Procurement for Youth”, iPOPY, and will be updated and revised during the project period (2007-2010). %0 Conference Paper %A Løes, Anne-Kristin %A Nölting, Benjamin %A Kristensen, Niels Heine %A Spigarolo, Roberto %A Strassner, Carola %A Roos, Gun %A Mikkola, Minna %A Mikkelsen, Bent Egberg %D 2008 %F orgprints:12447 %K consumers, food policy, iPOPY, supply chain, nutrition and health %T iPOPY – innovative Public Organic food Procurement for Youth. School meals – and more! %U http://orgprints.org/12447/ %X One of eight pilot projects in the European CORE Organic programme, innovative Public Organic food Procurement for Youth, (iPOPY) will study efficient ways of implementing organic food in public serving outlets for young people (2007-10). By analysing practical cases of school meal systems and other food serving outlets for youth, we will identify hindrances and promoting factors in the participating countries (Denmark, Finland, Italy and Norway). Policies, supply chains, certification systems, the young consumers’ perception and participation, and health effects of implementation of organic policies and menus are focussed in iPOPY. The main aim is to suggest efficient policies and comprehensive strategies to increase the consumption of organic food among young consumers in a public setting, and fostering sustainable nutrition. Interdisciplinary project tools under development will be presented along with the first project results, which will be available by June 2008. %0 Conference Paper %A Madaleno, I. %D 2008 %F orgprints:14835 %K Livelihood Improvements, Socioeconomics, Developing Countries %T Ancestral Livelihoods in Amazon River Floodplains %U http://orgprints.org/14835/ %X Amazon’s historical peasantries, the Caboclos, are the legitimate heirs of aboriginal knowledge, displaying a good repertoire of imaginative forms of natural resources management, adapted to climate change and its extremes in temperature and rainfall. Caboclos are capable of restarting livelihoods and breeding life after each flood, surviving on multiple functions, activities and tasks, maintaining a respectful relationship with the forest and the floodplains, as with numerous waterways that drive away from the Amazon and penetrate the jungle. Vegetable farming uses organic fertilisers, Caboclos tending the alluvial rich soil every time the river falls shorter in order to stock food surplus for the rainy season, to fulfil ongoing household nutritious needs, as to get cash to meet other basic necessities. The fundamental research objective is to recover traditional organic farming and forest management practises along Lower Brazilian Amazon River margins so that they might be presented as models for similar tropical environments. %0 Book %A Mäder, Paul %A Koller, Martin %A Kranzler, Andreas %A Lindenthal, Thomas %B FiBL-Merkblatt %C CH-Frick und A-Linz %D 2008 %F orgprints:18060 %I Forschungsinstitut für biologischen Landbau (FiBL) und Bio Ernte Auatria %K Bodenzustand, Nährstoffkonzentration, Bodenwissenschaften, Bodenfruchtbarkeit %T Bodenuntersuchungen im Biobetrieb %U http://orgprints.org/18060/ %X Das Merkblatt bietet einen Überblick über die Methoden zur Ermittlung des Bodenzustandes und ihre jeweilige Eignung. Im Mittelpunkt des Merkblatts stehen die chemischen Bodenuntersuchungen als ein wertvolles Mittel, um die Nährstoffsituation im Betrieb und damit die eigene Düngungsstrategie zu überprüfen. Eingegangen wird insbesondere auf die empfohlenen Analysemethoden, deren Interpretation und das Vorgehen für die Probenahme. Am Schluss sind die Bodenlabors in Österreich gelistet, welche die Methoden anbieten. %0 Conference Paper %A Mäkelä, Matti %A Raussi, Satu %D 2008 %F orgprints:14715 %K Highland Cattle, calves, humans %T Habituating Highland Cattle calves to tolerate humans %U http://orgprints.org/14715/ %X A procedure to habituate Highland Cattle calves to humans evolved with four years' experimentation on one farm by one male human handler. Data includes results of 18 bull and 20 heifer calves, from 14 dams and 4 sires. In 24 cases, they were fearless and easy to handle all the time. Fearful 8 heifer and 6 bull calves got little or unpleasant handling during first weeks. %0 Generic %A Mäkelä, Pirjo %A Muurinen, Susanna %A Peltonen-Sainio, Pirjo %D 2008 %F orgprints:16894 %I MTT Agrifood Research Finland %K competition, ideotype, early vigour, NUE, stem reserves, tillering, WUE, yield potential %N 3 %P 289-306 %T Spring cereals: from dynamic ideotypes to cultivars in Northern latitudes %U http://orgprints.org/16894/ %V 17 %X The ideotype of a crop is a model of a plant community where all necessary and beneficial traits for crop performance in a particular environment are combined. It is important to consider the environment when developing an ideotype since climatic, edaphic and agronomic features of the target region have a major role in determining crop performance. New technologies, high yielding cultivars, irrigation and water management, plant protection materials and more skilful farm management practices have increased yields and yield potentials on cereals in Finland as in many other countries. In this paper we aim to summarize traits which would be useful from the farmers’ perspective. The most important trait is increased early vigour of spring cereals, including faster rate of early development and increased leaf area to improve both the resource capture of the canopy and water use efficiency. Introduction of dwarfing genes would improve lodging resistance and harvest index due to improved partitioning of dry matter into grains whereas longer coleoptiles would improve emergence and seedling establishment. Improved ability of crops to utilize stem reserves during grain filling would increase resistance against environmental stresses. All of these traits would also increase the competitive ability of the plant against weeds as well as competition within the crop canopy and are already available from non-adapted germplasm of the various spring cereal species. %0 Conference Paper %A Malhi, Sukhdev S. %A Brandt, Stewart A. %A Zentner, R. P. %A Knight, Diane J. %A Gill, Kabal S. %A Sahota, Tarlok S. %A Schoenau, J. J. %D 2008 %F orgprints:11821 %K Key words: Amendments, crop rotation, organic crop production, rock phosphate, nutrient deficiencies %T Management Strategies and Practices for Preventing Nutrient Deficiencies in Organic Crop Production %U http://orgprints.org/11821/ %X Field experiments are underway in Canada to determine the influence of management practices (crop diversity, green manure, legumes) and amendments (Penicillium bilaiae, rock phosphate, elemental S, gypsum, manure, wood ash, alfalfa pellets) on crop yield. In the alternative cropping systems study established in 1995, crop yields for organic system without any chemical input were 30-40% lower than the conventional system with high inputs. But, lower input costs plus price premiums for organic produce normally more than offset lower yields, resulting in favourable economic performance and energy efficiency. Legume, green manure and compost manure helped to replace nutrients lacking in the soil and improved crop yields. In the organic system, amount of P removed in crop exceeded that of P replaced and this can be a major yield limiting factor. In amendments experiments, there was small effect of granular rock phosphate fertilizer and/or Penicillium bilaiae in increasing soil P level and crop yield in the application year. Other findings suggested the use of elemental S fertilizer, gypsum, manure, wood ash or alfalfa pellets to improve nutrient availability, and yield and quality of produce. In conclusion, integrated use of management practices and amendments has the potential to increase sustainability of crop production as well as improve soil quality plus minimize environmental damage. %0 Generic %A Malikova, Alena %A Dytrtova, Karolina %A Capounova, Katerina %A Meindl, Peter %A Pfiffner, Lukas %D 2008 %F orgprints:20196 %I FiBL Switzerland, FiBL Austria, Bioinstitut Czech Republic %K Naturschutz und Landwirtschaft %T Organic Farmers for Nature - Wildlife-friendly Organic Production %U http://orgprints.org/20196/ %X This project was one of 79 projects supported under the first open call under the Czech NGO Fund, financed by Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway. During the celebration meeting in June 24th, 2008 with Norwegian Embassy, this project was selected for public presentation as one of the best ones in the category of Environment Protection. The year 2008 was successful regarding the growing interest among organic farmers (11 new farms have joined the project), increasing number of participants in regular spring seminar (52 participants), PR activities (30 media references) and capacity building for Bioinstitut´s team (2 new co-workers were employed) were performed. The project was very well accepted not only among farmers, for whom it is primarily intended, but also by state authorities and the wider public. The Ministries of Agriculture and the Environment value our work to develop model farms, which should in the future be able to serve as practical examples of landscape conservation management in the Czech Republic. Our activities have significantly contributed that the valuable area of Letní stráň is set under protection until the year 2016 in the Přemyslovské Sedlo area of the Jeseník Mts. (northward in Moravia region near Šumperk). %0 Generic %A Mallia, S. %A Piccinali, P. %A Rehberger, B. %A Badertscher, R. %A Escher, F. %A Schlichtherle-Cerny, H. %D 2008 %F orgprints:16013 %I Elsevier B.V. %K butter, linoleic acids, UFA, CLA, olfactometry %P 983-993 %T Determination of storage stability of butter enriched with unsaturated fatty acids/conjugated linoleic acids (UFA/CLA) using instrumental and sensory methods %U http://orgprints.org/16013/ %V 18 %X The oxidative stability of butter enriched with unsaturated fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acids (UFA/CLA butter) was evaluated by chemical, sensory and microbiological analyses during 8 weeks of storage at 6 °C and compared with that of conventional butter. The odour-active compounds were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry combined with olfactometry, using solid phase microextraction. Olfactometric analysis showed that both, fresh UFA/CLA butter and fresh conventional butter had similar aroma profiles. After 6–8 weeks of storage, UFA/CLA butter showed stronger fatty (butanoic and 3-methyl butanoic acid), metallic [(E,E)-2,4-nonadienal], green [(E)-2-hexenol] and creamy (2-pentanone) notes compared with the conventional samples. A sensory panel described the two fresh butter types as having a similar sensory profile, except for a stronger creamy aroma, a less intense cooked milk aroma and a significantly higher spreadability of the UFA/CLA butters. Sensory descriptive analysis showed also that both butter types aged in a very similar way, with an increase in rancid and oxidized notes. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. %0 Thesis %9 Masters %A Mancio, Daniel %C Viçosa %D 2008 %F orgprints:21842 %I Universidade Federal de Viçosa %K Percepção ambiental, Conhecimentos de solo, Assentamento de reforma agrária. Environmental awareness, Knowledge of soil, Land reform settlement. %T Percepção ambiental e construção do conhecimento de solos em assentamento de reforma agrária. %U http://orgprints.org/21842/ %X As dificuldades encontradas na constituição dos assentamentos de reforma agrári a no Brasil são grandes. Desde a ocupação das áreas, passando pela resistência das famílias às inúmeras formas de repressão, chegando finalmente à conquista da terra, onde os desafios são no ãmbito da produção, visando soberania e segurança alimentar para as familias. Para superar os desafios impostos para a produção dentro da realidade camponesa, faz-se necessário um reconhecimento aprofundado da área, visto que muitos assentamentos são criados em regiões distintas ambientalmente das regiões de origem das famílias assentadas. Nestc sentido este estudo realizado no assentamento Olga Benário, município de Visconde do Rio Branco, MG, teve como objetivo desenvolver e testar uma metodologia, capaz de unir os saberes populares e científicos, que contribua para a construção do conhecimento sobre o ambiente local, interpretando-o melhor. Busca diminuir o período de adaptação ao "novo" ambiente local, pelos assentados. Para o desenvolvimento deste trabalho, foram utilizados os princípios científicos da pesquisa-ação. A metodologia constou de visitas, caminhadas, oficinas pedagógicas, intercâmbios e intervenções práticas, além de análises laboratoriais, sistematizações e devolução de resultados. Partindo de problemas e demandas concretas, conseguiu-se estratificar participativamente os ambientes do assentamento resgatando e construindo conhecimentos que serão úteis para o planejamento produtivo das famílias. Aprofundou-se em temas específicos demandados pelo grupo para um maior entendimento da realidade ambiental da área. Neste sentido os mapas conceituais se mostraram importante ferramenta de tratamento e organização de temas relacionados com a educação ambiental. Esta pesquisa-ação gerou avanços na conscientização sobre o manejo conservacionistas dos agroecossistemas locais, com base nas limitações e potencialidades de cada ambiente da paisagem, auxiliando a convi vência com suas características limitantes, como a fertilidade natural e susceptibilidade a erosão, e voçorocas. O solo foi elemento fundamental para a interpretação ambiental da área e entendimento dos processos relacionados ao uso e manejo dos agroecossitemas, garantindo a sustentabilidade dos ambientes. O conhecimento prévio dos assentados tradicionalmente construído, independente da origem, foi a base para a ressignificação e construção de novos conhecimentos. Este processo se deu em vários momentos durante a pesquisa, levantando novas demandas para trabalhos de intervenções a campo. %0 Conference Paper %A Manns, Mrs. Hida R. %A Murray, D. L. %A Beresford, D. V. %D 2008 %F orgprints:11936 %K mulch, population viability analysis, biological control, spiders %T The use of mulch to increase Spider (Arachnidae) numbers; a habitat approach to biological insect control %U http://orgprints.org/11936/ %X The potential for insect predators to contribute to a biological balance of insect species was explored with mulch. Insects were collected in pitfall traps in outdoor microplots over 3 seasons in southern Ontario, Canada. Treatments varied each season with crops of oats or soybeans, with residue of straw, corn stalks or paperfibre, and with residue tilled in or surface applied. In 2006 at the peak of spider population density there was a significant effect of the plant and the paperfibre residue on increasing spider density. Existing data sets on spiders by Spiller and Schoener (1988 & 1994) were analyzed to assess the potential to increase spider survival from improved carrying capacity of their habitat. Spider census data was tested with curve fitting models in Aikaike Information Criteria (AIC). Spider populations of Metepeira, with sizeable numbers, were density dependent. Demographic data was assembled from Spiller & Schoener, 1988 and population size was projected with RAMAS Ecolab. Increasing the carrying capacity increased spider populations in the model projections. Mulch improves spatial diversity and could increase spider density from reduced intraspecific competition in the plot experiments. Increasing spider numbers with habitat complexity in agricultural systems could allow spiders to reduce specific pest problems through maintaining the balance of insect species. %0 Generic %A March, S. %A Brinkmann, J. %A Winkler, C. %D 2008 %F orgprints:14695 %K BÖL, BOEL, FKZ 03OE406, Tiergesundheit, ökologische Milchviehhaltung, Lahmheit, Mastitis, Stoffwechselstörungen, Fruchtbarkeitsstörungen, Managementkonzept, Herdengesundheitsplan %T Tiergesundheit als Faktor des Qualitätsmanagements in der ökologischen Milchviehhaltung - Eine Interventions- und Coaching-Studie zur Anwendung präventiver Tiergesundheitskonzepte %U http://orgprints.org/14695/ %X Ziel des ersten Projektteils war es, (1) ein präventives Tiergesundheitskonzept für die ökologische Milchviehhaltung am Beispiel von Lahmheiten zu entwickeln und (2) dieses Managementkonzept anhand einer Interventionsstudie zu validieren sowie dessen Praxistauglichkeit zu demonstrieren. Über einen Zeitraum von drei Jahren (2005-2007) wurde die Lahmheitssituation auf insgesamt 43 ökologisch wirtschaftenden Milchviehbetrieben verfolgt. Die Lahmheitsprävalenz ging in den 21 Interventionsbetrieben, für die mit den BetriebsleiterInnen betriebsindividuelle Maßnahmenkataloge erarbeitet worden waren, konsistent und signifikant stärker zurück als in den Kontrollbetrieben (Intervention: -18,3 % (absolut); Kontrolle: -4,5 %). Der zweite Projektteil hatte zum Ziel, (1) zentrale Indikatoren für die Milchviehgesundheit zu identifizieren und Zielgrößen zu definieren (Mastitis, Lahmheiten, Stoffwechselstörungen, Fruchtbarkeitsstörungen, Kälbererkrankungen), (2) Leitlinien für die Entwicklung von Herdengesundheitsplänen zu erstellen und (3) die Umsetzbarkeit und Effektivität auf Praxisbetrieben unter Einbindung von Betriebsleiter-, Berater- und HoftierärztInnen zu untersuchen. Dazu wurden 44 Bio-Milchviehbetriebe in den Jahren 2006 und 2007 insgesamt vier Mal besucht. Nach einzelbetrieblichen Schwachstellenanalysen wurden in 28 Betrieben unter Berücksichtigung der o.g. Zielgrößen betriebsindividuelle Tiergesundheitspläne erstellt und die Entwicklung der Tiergesundheit im Jahr 2007 für Interventions- und Kontrollbetriebe verfolgt. Ein Jahr nach Einführung der Tiergesundheitspläne ging die Behandlungsinzidenz von klinischen Mastitiden in Betrieben, die diesbezügliche Maßnahmen umgesetzt hatten, signifikant stärker zurück, als in den Kontrollbetrieben. Für andere Indikatoren ließ sich keine Verbesserung der Tiergesundheit absichern; dabei muss jedoch der kurze Beobachtungszeitraum berücksichtigt werden. %0 Generic %A March, S. %A Brinkmann, J. %A Winkler, C. %D 2008 %F orgprints:14790 %K BÖL, BOEL, FKZ 03OE406, Tiergesundheit, ökologische Milchviehhaltung, Lahmheit, Mastitis, Stoffwechselstörungen, Fruchtbarkeitsstörungen, Managementkonzept, Herdengesundheitsplan, animal health, management concepts, lameness, reproductive disorders %T Tiergesundheit als Faktor des Qualitätsmanagements in der ökologischen Milchviehhaltung - Eine Interventions- und Coaching-Studie zur Anwendung präventiver Tiergesundheitskonzepte %U http://orgprints.org/14790/ %X Ziel des ersten Projektteils war es, (1) ein präventives Tiergesundheitskonzept für die ökologische Milchviehhaltung am Beispiel von Lahmheiten zu entwickeln und (2) dieses Managementkonzept anhand einer Interventionsstudie zu validieren sowie dessen Praxistauglichkeit zu demonstrieren. Über einen Zeitraum von drei Jahren (2005-2007) wurde die Lahmheitssituation auf insgesamt 43 ökologisch wirtschaftenden Milchviehbetrieben verfolgt. Die Lahmheitsprävalenz ging in den 21 Interventionsbetrieben, für die mit den BetriebsleiterInnen betriebsindividuelle Maßnahmenkataloge erarbeitet worden waren, konsistent und signifikant stärker zurück als in den Kontrollbetrieben (Intervention: -18,3 % (absolut); Kontrolle: -4,5 %). Der zweite Projektteil hatte zum Ziel, (1) zentrale Indikatoren für die Milchviehgesundheit zu identifizieren und Zielgrößen zu definieren (Mastitis, Lahmheiten, Stoffwechselstörungen, Fruchtbarkeitsstörungen, Kälbererkrankungen), (2) Leitlinien für die Entwicklung von Herdengesundheitsplänen zu erstellen und (3) die Umsetzbarkeit und Effektivität auf Praxisbetrieben unter Einbindung von Betriebsleiter-, Berater- und HoftierärztInnen zu untersuchen. Dazu wurden 44 Bio-Milchviehbetriebe in den Jahren 2006 und 2007 insgesamt vier Mal besucht. Nach einzelbetrieblichen Schwachstellenanalysen wurden in 28 Betrieben unter Berücksichtigung der o.g. Zielgrößen betriebsindividuelle Tiergesundheitspläne erstellt und die Entwicklung der Tiergesundheit im Jahr 2007 für Interventions- und Kontrollbetriebe verfolgt. Ein Jahr nach Einführung der Tiergesundheitspläne ging die Behandlungsinzidenz von klinischen Mastitiden in Betrieben, die diesbezügliche Maßnahmen umgesetzt hatten, signifikant stärker zurück, als in den Kontrollbetrieben. Für andere Indikatoren ließ sich keine Verbesserung der Tiergesundheit absichern; dabei muss jedoch der kurze Beobachtungszeitraum berücksichtigt werden. %0 Conference Paper %A Marchetti, Rosa %A Casadei, Nerio %A Marino, Antonio %A Sghedoni, Lidia %D 2008 %F orgprints:11983 %K green manure, biofumigation, soil texture, Brassicaceae %T Inorganic nitrogen in soil green manured with biocidal crops %U http://orgprints.org/11983/ %X The knowledge of the dynamics of inorganic N in soil may help to establish the most suitable timing for green manure (GM) incorporation, which leads to the improvement of crop N use efficiency in conventional as well as organic agriculture. The practice of green manuring with crop species belonging to the Brassicaceae family has recently expanded, in Italy and abroad, due to their demonstrated biocidal effect against soil-borne pathogens. In this plot-scale study we monitored the release of soil inorganic N in 3 soil types (1 clay and 2 loams), in the months following late-spring green manuring with plant material from Brassica juncea, Sinapis alba, and Raphanus sativus species. Soil inorganic N content increased and reached a maximum 2 months after GM incorporation (+14.4 mg N kg1 dry soil, on average, over the initial inorganic N content), and subsequently declined. The inorganic N accumulation was higher in soil amended with R. sativus. We did not observe any significant influence of the soil type on the variation of inorganic N content in the period after GM incorporation. The inorganic N released after late-spring green manuring with Brassicaceae species may become available in the early growth phase of subsequent summer-autumn crops. %0 Conference Paper %A Marchetti, Rosa %A Lazzeri, Luca %A Malaguti, Lorena %A Orsi, Anna %A Ponzoni, Gilda %D 2008 %F orgprints:11969 %K green manure, N mineralization, Brassicaceae, methyl bromide, metam sodium %T Potentially mineralizable nitrogen is soils green manured with biocidal crops %U http://orgprints.org/11969/ %X Biofumigant crops used as green manure, in addition to producing a biocidal effect on some soil-borne pathogens and pests, could represent a source of N for crop nutrition. In two laboratory experiments we compared i) the potentially mineralizable N (PMN) of a silty clay soil after incorporation of glucosinolate-containing (GLS+) and non-containing (GLS–) plants, or after incorporation of metam sodium; and ii) the mineralization rate of different types of soils (silty clay, loam and loamy sand) after green manuring with GLS+ crops. After a 3-month incubation, the PMN of the silty clay soil amended with the GLS+ Brassica juncea was significantly higher than the unamended control and the soil amended with Triticum aestivum and Eruca sativa. Metham sodium, while showing a remarkable nitrification inhibition activity, gave rise to amounts of inorganic N (mainly in the ammonium form) of the same level as B. juncea. Mineralization rate was higher in the loamy sand soil than in the loam and in the silty clay soils. Biofumigant crops used as green manure, by increasing N availability in soil, may represent an interesting source of N for the following crops in organic agriculture. %0 Conference Paper %A Markkula, Irmeli %A Ojanen, Hannu %A Tiilikkala, Kari %A Raiskio, Sakari %A Pylkkö, Pirkko %A Koistinen, Jarmo %A Leskinen, Matti %A Ooperi, Sini %D 2008 %F orgprints:14713 %K insect migrations, rain, polarimetric radar %T Insect migration case study by polarimetric radar %U http://orgprints.org/14713/ %X In this migration event we could observe large insects migrating high in the atmosphere nearly inside precipitation at the cloud base or between precipitative cells. On the other hand, daytime migrants seemed to fill most of the rain free areas. The accuracy of forecasted rain areas is probably never good enough to predict where and when rain would cause the insects to land, and dispersion model may have difficulties in predicting the migration through partially rainy weather. In addition, the highest levels of infestation may occur at rain areas that form barriers for the migrants. %0 Conference Paper %A Marley, Dr C.L. %A Scott, M.B. %A Bakewell, E.L. %A Leemans, D.K. %A Sanderson, R. %A Davies, Dr D.R. %D 2008 %F orgprints:12615 %K Red clover silage, maize silage, pathogens, cattle, faecal shedding %T Effects of red clover and maize silages on the carriage of gut pathogens in steers %U http://orgprints.org/12615/ %X An experiment investigated the effects of increasing proportions of red clover (RC) (Trifolium pratense) silage relative to maize (M) (Zea mays) silage in the diet of steers on the pathogenic microflora of gut digesta and faecal samples. The experiment consisted of 3 periods of 21 d. Eight Hereford x Friesian steers were used, with 4 maintained on a 90 % maize: 10 % red clover (90M:10RC) silage diet throughout and 4 receiving 90M:10RC silage in period 1 then 50M:50RC, 10M:90RC in periods 2-3, respectively. Populations of Listeria monocytogenes and E. coli were enumerated at time points in each period. L. monocytogenes data showed disparity between periods. In the latter part of period 2, L. monocytogenes populations were higher in the rumen, duodenum and faeces of steers offered 50M:50RC but in period 3, L. monocytogenes populations were lower in the faeces of steers fed the higher level of red clover silage (P < 0.05). Despite negligible E. coli levels in the diets, populations of E. coli, including E. coli 0157, were detected in the steers throughout the trial. Diet effects on E. coli levels were not apparent at any of the three sites examined. Further research is needed to elucidate the effects of red clover and dietary pathogen load on gut and faecal pathogen populations. %0 Thesis %A Marley, Elin Kaia %D 2008 %F orgprints:14730 %I Senter for Utvikling og Miljø/Centre for Development and the Environment, University of Oslo %K school meals, school fruit, fruit serving, local food, Norway, iPOPY %T Food for Thought - Introducing Organic Food in Norwegian Schools %U http://orgprints.org/14730/ %X This paper examines how organic food can be introduced in Norwegian schools. The qualitative study took place in four lower secondary schools in different regions of Norway. The pupils’ perceptions about organic food are looked at in the context of previous consumer studies on the topic of organic food. Environmental education and nutrition education theories are used in examining and discussing education about organic food and farming. The study found that, like with environmental education and nutrition education, integration and consistency are important elements in education about organic food. %0 Generic %A Maroscheck, Nicole %D 2008 %F orgprints:15066 %I Geschäftsstelle Bundesprogramm Ökologischer Landbau in der Bundesanstalt für Landwirtschaft und Ernährung (BLE), D-Bonn %K BÖL, BOEL, FKZ 06OE120, Health Claims, gesundheitsbezogene Aussagen %T "Hält fit und ist gut für die Knochen!" - Wie Biokäufer auf gesundheitsbezogene Werbung reagieren %U http://orgprints.org/15066/ %V 08/2008 %X "Hält fit und ist gut für die Knochen!" – Wie Biokäufer auf gesundheitsbezogene Werbung reagieren Die Europäische Union hat 2007 eine gesetzliche Regelung zu gesundheitsbezogener Lebensmittelwerbung erlassen. Derzeit wird ein Gemeinschaftsregister mit zugelassenen und durch die Wissenschaft bestätigten "Health Claims" (gesundheitsbezogene Angaben) erstellt, um die Verbraucher vor irreführenden Angaben zu schützen. Nicht erforscht war bislang, wie stark deutsche Biokonsumenten im Vergleich zu Käufern konventioneller Lebensmittel von Slogans wie "Stärkt die Abwehrkräfte!" oder "Cholesterinsenkend!" beeinflusst werden. Eine Vergleichsstudie der Universität Kassel hat diese Forschungslücke geschlossen. Das Zitat: "Nährwert- oder gesundheitsbezogene Angaben steigern nicht nur bei konventionellen, sondern auch bei Biolebensmitteln den Absatz", fasst Nicole Maroscheck vom Fachgebiet Agrar- und Lebensmittelmarketing der Universität Kassel das Hauptergebnis des Kaufsimulationsexperiments zusammen. "Dieses Ergebnis hat nicht nur die Branche, sondern auch uns überrascht. Bislang herrschte stets die Einschätzung vor, dass Biokäufer Angaben zu Einzelmerkmalen von Lebensmitteln ablehnen, weil sie nicht zum ganzheitlichen Image von Biolebensmitteln passen." %0 Generic %A Maroscheck, Nicole %D 2008 %F orgprints:15067 %I confructa medien GmbH %K BÖL, BOEL, 06OE120, Health Claims, gesundheitsbezogene Angaben %N 6 %P 278-281 %T Nährwert- und gesundheitsbezogene Angaben - Wie reagieren die Kunden? Erste Untersuchungsergebnisse zum Einfluss von gesundheitsbezogenen Angaben auf das Kaufverhalten bei Öko-Lebensmitteln %U http://orgprints.org/15067/ %X Seit 1. Juli 2007 gilt die EG-Verordnung über nährwert- und gesundheitsbezogene Angaben über Lebensmittel (‘Health Claims Verordnung‘). Sie schafft erstmals einen rechtlichen Rahmen für die Verwendung solcher Angaben. Ein Produkt darf demnach nur noch dann mit einer nährwert- oder gesundheitsbezogenen Angabe (‘Claim‘) beworben werden, wenn es einem vorgegebenen Nährwertprofil entspricht, also bestimmte Voraussetzungen (z.B. bezüglich des Zucker-, Fett- oder Salzgehalts) erfüllt. Noch gelten Übergangsvorschriften, aber für die Marketingabteilungen der Lebensmittelhersteller wird es höchste Zeit, die Bewerbung ihrer Produkte der neuen Rechtslage anzupassen. Erwartet wird, dass die Verwendung von Claims durch die Rechtssicherheit zunehmen könnte. Für die Marketingabteilungen von Öko-Anbietern ist zum einen die Frage relevant, wie Öko-Konsumenten generell auf die Verwendung von Claims auf ihren Produkten reagieren würden. Zum anderen stellt sich die Frage, ob Konsumenten, die bisher aus gesundheitlichen Gründen zu Öko-Produkten gegriffen haben, ihr Kaufverhalten ändern, wenn nun vermehrt konventionelle Produkte mit gesundheitlichem Zusatznutzen beworben werden. Im Rahmen eines vom Bundesprogramm Ökologischer Landbau geförderten Forschungsprojektes wird daher am Fachgebiet Agrar- und Lebensmittelmarketing der Universität Kassel die Wirkung von nährwert- und gesundheitsbezogenen Angaben auf Öko-Lebensmitteln untersucht. %0 Generic %A Maroschek, Nicole %A Aschemann, Jessica %A Hamm, Ulrich %D 2008 %F orgprints:16643 %K BÖL, BOEL, FKZ 06OE120, Kaufverhalten, Gesundheit, Öko-Lebensmittel, Claims, Kaufentscheidung, Marketing %T Die Wirkungen von gesundheitsbezogenen Aussagen auf das Kaufverhalten: Unterschiede zwischen ökologischen Lebensmitteln im Vergleich zu konventionellen Lebensmitteln %U http://orgprints.org/16643/ %X Für die meisten Verbraucher sind Gesundheitsaspekte der entscheidende Grund, Öko-Lebensmittel zu kaufen. Daher ist gerade im Öko-Lebensmittelmarketing der überlegte Umgang mit Claims (nährwert- und gesundheitsbezogene Aussagen laut EG-VO Nr. 1924/2006) relevant. Projektziel war die Untersuchung des Verbraucherverhaltens bezüglich Claims auf Öko-Lebensmitteln. Geklärt werden sollte die Wirkung auf die Kaufentscheidung (positiv, negativ, neutral), deren Bestimmungsgründe (Soziodemographie, Einstellungen, etc.) sowie die Unterschiede zur Wirkung im konventionellen Bereich. Hierzu wurden Kaufsimulationen sowie anschließende Befragungen mit Öko-Konsumenten durchgeführt. Daraus gingen Daten zu 630 Kaufentscheidungen hervor, die mittels logistischer Regression und bivariaten Verfahren ausgewertet wurden. Über den Vergleich mit einem analog im konventionellen Bereich durchgeführten DFG-Forschungsprojekt wurden die Unterschiede herausgearbeitet. Im Ergebnis zeigte sich, dass Claims auf den Produkten oft nicht wahrgenommen wurden. Wenn Konsumenten jedoch Claims gelesen hatten, präferierten sie diese Produkte im Öko-Bereich ähnlich stark wie im konventionellen Bereich. Auch schienen Claimprodukte dem Verbraucher gesünder. Wie stark die Wirkung von Claims auf Öko-Lebensmitteln war, hing davon ab, wie gesund Verbraucher Produkte mit Claims im Gegensatz zu ökologischen und konventionellen Produkten ohne Claims einschätzten und wie wichtig ihnen solche Angaben waren. Zudem deuten bivariate Ergebnisse auf eine erhöhte Kaufwahrscheinlichkeit hin, wenn die Verbraucher jünger als 31 oder älter als 50 Jahre sind, keine Kinder in ihrem Haushalt leben und sie nicht zu ihrer Stammmarke greifen. Der Unterschied zur Wirkung im konventionellen Bereich erwies sich als gering. Ausgehend von den Ergebnissen wurden Strategieüberlegungen dargestellt und zuvor erkundete Annahmen von Öko-Anbietern reflektiert, um die Nutzbarkeit der wissenschaftlichen Ergebnisse für die Marketingüberlegungen der Öko-Anbieter zu erhöhen. %0 Generic %A Martelleto, Luiz Aurélio Peres %A Ribeiro, Raul de Lucena Duarte %A Martelleto, Mariluci Sudo %A Vasconcellos, Marco Antônio da Silva %A Marin, Sérgio Lúcio David %A Pereira, Maurício Ballesteiro %D 2008 %F orgprints:22662 %K Carica papaya L., Cultivo protegido. Carica papaya L., Protected ambient cultivation. %N 3 %P 662-666 %T Cultivo orgânico do mamoeiro 'Baixinho de Santa Amália' em diferentes ambientes de proteção. %U http://orgprints.org/22662/ %V 30 %X Mudas de mamoeiro da cv. Baixinho de Santa Amália (grupo 'Solo') foram transplantadas para três estruturas contíguas: (a) estufa com cobertura de plástico, (b) estufa sombreada com cobertura adicional de sombrite (30%, sobre o plástico) e (c) telado com cobertura exclusiva de sombrite (30%), estabelecendo-se, ao lado, uma área de cultivo em ambiente natural. Nas estufas, as partes laterais e frontais foram revestidas com tela antiafídica. No momento do transplantio e a intervalos mensais subseqüentes, durante o primeiro ano de cultivo, as plantas foram avaliadas em relação a: altura, diâmetro basal do tronco, número de folhas ativas e área foliar. O manejo e tratos culturais empregados obedeceram às normas técnicas constantes da legislação nacional relativa à agricultura orgânica. Desde a primeira colheita, foram contados e pesados todos os frutos produzidos. Em comparação ao ambiente natural, os cultivos protegidos proporcionaram aumentos na altura da planta além de 20%; nas estufas, particularmente naquela sem cobertura adicional de sombrite, ocorreram efeitos de aumento do diâmetro basal do tronco (30%), índice de enfolhamento (20%) e área foliar (36%); o cultivo orgânico do mamoeiro no interior das estufas possibilitou acréscimos altamente significativos no desenvolvimento e na produção de frutos orgânicos de padrão comercial (67% em peso e 49% em número). Deve-se ressaltar, ainda, que a cultivar Baixinho de Santa Amália não alcançou, após a última colheita quantificada, o limite máximo do teto das estufas (4,5m), o que lhe permitiu um ciclo produtivo superior a 24 meses nessas estruturas de proteção. %0 Conference Paper %A Martini, Andrea %A Migliorini, Paola %A Lorenzini, Giangiacomo %A Lotti, Claudia %A Rosi Bellière, Samanta %A Squilloni, Stefano %A Riccio, Federica %A Giorgetti, Alessandro %A Casini, M. %D 2008 %F orgprints:11957 %K high protein pea, filed bean, lupin, dairy cattle %T Production of grain legume crops alternative to soya bean and their use in organic dairy production %U http://orgprints.org/11957/ %X This work evaluates the possibility to substitute external soya bean, a high risk GMO alimentary source, with other legumes produced on farm, such as sweet lupin, protein pea and field bean, as alternative protein source in the formulation of diet in organic dairy cattle nutrition. In 2005/2007 periods both the field and feeding trials were carried out in an organic dairy farm in Tuscany. The performances of grain legumes crops were evaluated in terms of grain yield and quality of grains. The alimentary experiment was carried out on dairy cattle fed with two diets: A with extruded soya bean and B with bitter lupin + field bean + high protein pea. In the field trial the Italian sweet lupin varieties (Multitalia) were the most interesting for CP production and pea the best for yield. The feeding trial provided that the protein content was higher for the A diet (with soya bean) while fat, somatic cells and urea content did not differ. %0 Generic %A Martiskainen, Paula %A Tuomisto, Leena %A Huuskonen, Arto %A Mononen, Jaakko %D 2008 %F orgprints:16889 %I MTT Agrifood Research Finland %K cattle, electric fences, learning, grazing %N 2 %P 121-126 %T Training dairy bull calves to stay within light-built electric fences %U http://orgprints.org/16889/ %V 17 %X Training cattle to avoid electric fences before turnout to grazing reduces the risk of the animals breaking out from their paddock. We investigated the time needed for dairy bull calves to learn to avoid a light-built electric fence. Nineteen dairy bull calves were trained to an electric fence in a training yard during seven days. The number of electric shocks the animals received from the training fence was recorded continuously. After the training period, the calves were turned to pasture. Nine of the animals were also grazed the following summer as yearlings, and observed before turnout in a smaller enclosure. The calves got more shocks from the fence during training hour 1 than during any of the following seven hours. The number of shocks the calves received from the fence also declined from training day 1 to 2 and from training day 3 to 4. The results indicate that the dairy bull calves learned to avoid an electric fence quickly, even within an hour from release into the training yard. A simple training procedure was sufficient to ensure that the animals could be grazed in and would avoid a light-built electric fencing system as calves and, even after a winter-housing period, as bulls. %0 Generic %A Marx, Peggy %A Kühne, Stefan %A Jahn, Marga %D 2008 %F orgprints:15080 %I Verlag Eugen Ulmer KG, Stuttgart %K Ökologischer Landbau, Pflanzenstärkungsmittel, Datenbank, Internet, BÖL, BOEL, FKZ 04OE014 %N 1 %P 11-14 %T Erstellung einer Datenbank über Pflanzenstärkungsmittel für das Internet %U http://orgprints.org/15080/ %V 60 %X Die Biologische Bundesanstalt für Land- und Forstwirtschaft (BBA) hat im Rahmen des Bundesprogramms Ökologischer Landbau das Informationsangebot zum Thema Pflanzenschutz durch eine Datenbank über Pflanzenstärkungsmittel und deren Bereitstellung im Internet unter http://pflanzenstaerkungsmittel.bba.de erweitert. Die Datenbank ist sowohl für Praktiker, Wissenschaftler und Berater als auch für Verbraucher nutzbar und gewährleistet einen schnellen Zugriff auf alle verfügbaren Informationen wie z. B. Herstellerangaben, Einsatzbereiche und Erfahrungen aus der Praxis. Mit der Datenbank werden der aktuelle Stand der Forschung und der Umfang der Kenntnisse über die am Markt vorhandenen Pflanzenstärkungsmittel dokumentiert und erstmalig das Wissen über das Wirkungsspektrum der Mittel in den verschiedenen Kulturen und die Bedingungen für einen erfolgreichen Einsatz an einer zentralen Stelle zusammengetragen. Das Datenmaterial stammt aus Literaturrecherchen wie auch direkt aus Ergebnissen von Versuchsanstellern (Anbauverbände des Ökologischen Landbaus, öffentliche Forschungseinrichtungen, amtlicher Pflanzenschutzdienst, eigene Untersuchungen). Es wird angegeben, inwieweit diese Mittel in der Betriebsmittelliste für den Ökologischen Landbau enthalten sind. Alle vom Bundesamt für Verbraucherschutz und Lebensmittelsicherheit (BVL) gelisteten Pflanzenstärkungsmittel sind beschrieben. Die Nutzung ist kostenfrei. Ein Informations-Faltblatt über das Thema steht auf der Internetseite www.jki.bund.de unter Veröffentlichungen zum Download zur Verfügung. (C) Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart %0 Conference Paper %A Masucci, Dr Felicia %A Di Francia, Prof Antonio %A De Rosa, Dr Giuseppe %A Romano, Prof Raffaele %A Varicchio, Dr Maria Luisa %A Grassi, Dr Carlo %D 2008 %F orgprints:12167 %K Bubalus bubalis, Alternative protein source, Peas, Milk production %T Pisum sativum as alternative protein source in diets for buffalo cows in middle and late stage of lactation %U http://orgprints.org/12167/ %X A study was carried out at an organic buffalo farm in order to examine the effect of feeding peas (Pisum sativum L.) as an alternative protein source for buffalo cow diets during middle and late stage of lactation. Two concentrates were formulated to contain, as fed basis, either 350 g/kg of soybean cake (control concentrate, CC) or 450 g/kg of peas (experimental concentrate, ExpC) as the main protein sources. The two concentrates were almost isonitrogenous (on average, crude protein 240 g/kg DM). Twenty buffalo cows were blocked into two groups according to lactation number and previous milk yield and were assigned to one of two dietary treatments from 10° day in milk onwards: control group was offered in the milking parlour 3 kg of CC, while treatment group was offered the same quantity of ExpC. All cows were fed a total mixed ration containing 3 kg of CC. The experimental period was from 100° day in milk onwards. Daily milk yield was not affected by treatment, as well as, milk fat and protein percentages, somatic cell count, urea content, fatty acid composition and clotting properties. Results support the partial substitution of soybean meal with peas in diets for buffalo cows with no negative effects on milk yield and composition. %0 Generic %A Matos, Eduardo da Silva %A Mendonça, Eduardo de Sá %A Lima, Paulo César de %A Coelho, Marino Salgarello %A Mateus, Renato Faria %A Cardoso, Irene Maria %D 2008 %F orgprints:20292 %K Agroecology, Atlantic Forest, Leguminous species, N2 fixation, Nutrient cycling, Agroecologia, Floresta Atlântica, Leguminosa, Fixação de N2, Ciclagem de nutrientes Agrovoc code: 92381 Agroecology, 12869 Nutrient cycling in ecosystems, 4255 Legumes, 5196 Nitrogen fixation, 5812 Photosynthesis, 1731 Coffee, 3375 Green manures %N 5 %P 2027-2035 %T Green manure in coffee systems in the region of Zona da Mata, Minas Gerais: characteristics and kinetics of carbon and nitrogen mineralization. %U http://orgprints.org/20292/ %V 32 %X The use of green manure may contribute to reduce soil erosion and increase the soil organic matter content and N availability in coffee plantations in the Zona da Mata, State of Minas Gerais, in Southeastern Brazil. The potential of four legumes (A. pintoi, C. mucunoides, S. aterrimum and S. guianensis)to produce above-ground biomass, accumulate nutrients and mineralize N was studied in two coffee plantations of subsistence farmers under different climate conditions. The biomass production of C. mucunoides was influenced by the shade of the coffee plantation.C. mucunoides tended to mineralize more N than the other legumes due to the low polyphenol content and polyphenol/N ratio. In the first year, the crop establishment of A. pintoi in the area took longer than of the other legumes, resulting in lower biomass production and N2 fixation. In the long term, cellulose was the main factor controlling N mineralization. The biochemical characteristics, nutrient accumulation and biomass production of the legumes were greatly influenced by the altitude and position of the area relative to the sun. %0 Thesis %9 Masters %A Matos, Laudiceio Viana %C Viçosa %D 2008 %F orgprints:21843 %I Universidade Federal de Viçosa %K Pedologia, Análise de ambientes, Comunidade Quilombola. Pedology, Environment analysis, Quilombola community. %T Conhecimentos na análise de ambientes: a pedologia e o saber local em comunidade Quilombola no norte de Minas Gerais. %U http://orgprints.org/21843/ %X Como resposta ao processo de degradação ambiental, ocasionado em grande parte pelas práticas e ações de paradigmas reducionistas, é crescente a incorporação e apropriação de epistemologias voltadas á sustentabilidade, valorização das relações homem-ambiente e a percepção da necessidade da manutenção da complexidade dos sistemas produtivos. O saber construído pelas populações tradicionais sobre o ambiente em que vivem, tem sido geralmente desconsiderado em programas de pesquisa e desenvolvimento, embora muitos estudos reconheçam e comprovam sua importância para o cotejamento responsável e condizente às especificidades dos agroecossistemas locais. A dificuldade da comunidade da ciência do solo em considerar o conhecimento local, de agricultores de base familiar, dos povos indígenas, remanescentes de quilombos, entre outros, remete a necessidade de incorporação de outros enfoques e abordagens nos estudos dos agroecossistemas. A combinação de ciências naturais e sociais e a consolidação de campos de cruzamento de saberes, como a agroecologia, etnoecologia e a etnopedologia, passam a contemplar o processo de pensar os ambientes de forma integrada e com a participação da população local. Neste sentido, este trabalho teve o objetivo de resgatar, identificar e valorizar o saber tradicional sobre o solo e o ambiente e inter-relacioná-lo com o conhecimento do meio cientifico. Para isso, fez-se a estratificação dos ambientes do território quilombola de Brejo dos Crioulos com base em critérios locais e pelo método pedológico convencional, considerando o solo e sua interface com outros componentes ambientais. Associou-se a caracterização dos agroecossistemas, com a interpretação e reconhecimento da lógica dos sistemas tradicionais de uso e manejo dos recursos naturais, articulando o saber local com as informações geradas pelo conhecimento do meio científico. Os quilombolas identificaram quatro macroarnbientes que foram compatíveis com as distinções de geoambientes estratificados com base na geomorfologia e geologia, pedologia e a influência do ciclo das águas no território, a saber: (i) brejo (aluviões Holocênicos); (i) vazante (rampas de colúvio-aluviais - terço inferior de encostas); (iii) cultura vermelha (rampas de colúvio - terço médio e superior de encostas); (i v) carrasco (coberturas argilosas e arenosas - teto da paisagem). Além dessas, existe o complexo furado, que é formado em áreas de dolinas que não são abastecidas pelo rio Arapuim. Nos furados, os solos são eutróficos, resultantes do processo de rebaixamento localizado do terreno, constituem-se em áreas receptoras de água e sedimentos, cercadas pelo amplo domínio do carrasco. No período chuvoso, tem-se o acúmulo e estagnação de água, propiciando a gleização, formando assim, o ambiente reconhecido localmente como brejo do furado. A topossequência típica formada por esses ambientes é caracterizada pela ocorrência de Neossolos Flúvicos e Gleissolos Háplicos, no brejo; Cambissolos Háplicos nas vazantes; Latossolos Vermelhos Eutróficos na cultura vermelha e Latossolos Vermelhos Distróficos no carrasco. Com a intensificação do processo de intemperismo, as micas que ocorrem no brejo (área com elevada soma de bases e não afetada por sais) passam a argilominerais 2: 1 (esmectitas) até a predominância da caulinita nas áreas de Latossolos Vermelhos Eutrófícos (cultura vermelha). Esse processo de remoção de bases culmina com a distrofia característica dos solos do carrasco, no topo da paisagem. Constatou-se que os quilombolas reconhecem o melhor momento (tempo), o ambiente (a terra, a umidade, o microclima), a espécie e variedade, combinam atividades e elencam o conjunto de práticas que permitem o sustento de suas famílias. Aproveitam a boa fertilidade natural e a maior capacidade que os solos do brejo e vazante têm para conservar a umidade, em meio à aridez regional. Na cultura vermelha instalam as moradias e quintais, estabelecem as pequenas criações, ampliam as roças e integram os sistemas produtivos, ligando o carrasco com suas possibilidades de extrativismo e solta do gado com os aluviões, onde estão a maior parte das lavouras e a água. Os quilombolas dominam um sistema próprio de estratificação dos ambientes, com base em uma lógica que pode ser explicada, interpretada e articulada ao conhecimento gerado no meio científico. Para isso, construiu-se chaves de identificação dos ambientes com base nos critérios dos quilombolas, elaborou-se modelos de distribuição dos solos na paisagem e fez-se o levantamento semidetalhado dos solos do território de Brejo dos Crioulos. As informações obtidas com base no saber local, o aprofundamento da caracterização dos ambientes e o mapeamento de solos contribuíram para a melhor compreensão das estratégias agroalimentares dos quilombo Ias. Estes consistem em resultados, que ao serem interrelacionados, podem subsidiar processos de planejamento e usos sustentáveis das terras do território quilomboIa. %0 Conference Paper %A Mattedi, L. %A Forno, F. %A Varner, M. %A Umberto, P. %D 2008 %E Boos, Markus %F orgprints:13702 %K codling moth, behavioural observations %P 238-246 %T Field observations about the behaviour of codling-moth in Trentino (North-Eastern Italy) %U http://orgprints.org/13702/ %X Codling-moth and applescab are the most important pathogens in both conventional and organic apple productions. In order to control any phytopathological problem, it is important to improve the knowledge of the behaviour of each specific pest. Since several years (starting from 1986) we are improving in Trentino (North-Eastern Italy) the observations of the population dynamics of codling-moth in order to find the best way to control and treat this pest insect. Constant monitoring and the knowledge of the characteristics of the different compounds and possible methods to control the codling-moth (mating disruption, granulose virus and specific nematodes) represent the most important basis to organize an effective controlstrategy. %0 Generic %A Mattila, Timo %A Manninen, Marja %A Rikkonen, Pasi %A Kymäläinen, Hanna-Riitta %D 2008 %F orgprints:17080 %I MTT Agrifood Research Finland %K investment process, decision-making, buying behaviour, farm management %N 1 %P 18-30 %T Management of investment processes on Finnish farms %U http://orgprints.org/17080/ %V 17 %X Structural change in agriculture means a continuous need for investing in farm production. It is essential for the sustainable operations and the economy of the farm that such investments are successful. In this research, different stages of the investment process of farms were studied as well as the use of information and the success perceived during the investment process. The study was carried out with mail surveys and telephone interviews on the Finnish Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN) farms. The most challenging investments were in animal husbandry buildings and, as to these investments, the comparison of alternatives was the most challenging stage. For most investments, the planning phase was considered more challenging than the implementation. Before making the decision, farmers acquired information from many sources, of which the opinion of the main customer and the experiences of fellow farmers were the most valued. Some of the products considered were so new on the market that it was not easy to get adequate information and, furthermore, the information given by suppliers was not always accurate. Decision-making was supported by calculations, but qualitative factors had a dominating role. Large basic decisions were made relatively quickly, while details needed a longer time to process. In general, farm managers were satisfied with their investments. Improvements in work quality and quantity were especially mentioned and generally qualitative factors were the ones first in mind when evaluating the successfulness of the investment. %0 Conference Paper %A Maxin, P %A Heyne, P. %D 2008 %E Boos, Markus %F orgprints:13638 %K Venturia inaequalis, apple, evaluation, MS Excel %P 35-37 %T Leaf by Leaf: An improved method of describing apple scab infections in field trials using MS Excel %U http://orgprints.org/13638/ %X An improved method for the evaluation of Venturia inaequalis infections of apple trees in field trials is proposed. The method takes into account the position of infected leaves on long shoots. A MS Excel worksheet was developed to facilitate the processing of these data. This can be downloaded at http://www.oeon.de/downloads/venturia.zip. We use this worksheet in our field trials and also for our consultancy service to compare different onfarm control strategies. %0 Conference Paper %A Mayer, Jochen %A Scheid, Susanne %A Oberholzer, Hans-Rudolf %D 2008 %F orgprints:14838 %K Effective microorganisms, biofertilizer, soil fertility, soil biology %T How effective are ‘Effective Microorganisms’? Results from an organic farming field experiment %U http://orgprints.org/14838/ %X The effectiveness of ‘Effective Microorganisms’ (EM) was investigated in a four years field experiment (2003-2006) at Zurich, Switzerland. The experiment was designed to enable clear differentiation between effects of the microorganisms in the EM treatments (Bokashi and EMA) and its substrate (sterilized treatments). Crop yields and soil microbiological parameters as soil respiration and microbial biomass were determined. The EM treatments showed no effect on yield and soil microorganisms which were caused by the EM microorganisms. Observed effects could be related to the effect of the carrier substrate of the EM products. The sampling time showed stronger effects on soil microbial biomass and soil respiration compared to the effect of the treatments. Hence ‘Effective Microorganisms’ are not able to improve yields and soil quality in mid term (4 years) in arable farming under temperate climatic conditions as in Central Europe. %0 Conference Paper %A Mayr, U. %A Späth, S. %D 2008 %E Boos, Markus %F orgprints:13649 %K Sooty blotch, application strategies, lime sulphur, coconut soap %P 82-86 %T Sooty blotch of apple: Efficacy of different application strategies %U http://orgprints.org/13649/ %X Sooty blotch causes heavy losses in Lake Constance organic apple production. In the last five years research has been done at the research station for fruit growing (Kompetenzzentrum Obstbau – Bodensee) on strategies to control Sooty blotch on organic grown pome fruit. Different control strategies with lime sulphur, coconut soap and potassium bicarbonate with different application rates, application times were tested in several trials on the cultivar ‘Topaz’. Over the years the results show that lime sulphur has significant effects in controlling Sooty blotch. In a first trial potassium bicarbonate showed a promising efficacy against Sooty blotch. Concerning the right application times we need further investigations. The problem is that Sooty blotch is a disease complex caused by several fungi and it is likely that the fungi that are a part of the complex differ from area to area. %0 Conference Paper %A Mazzoncini, Marco %A Migliorini, Paola %A Antichi, Daniele %A Vazzana, Concetta %D 2008 %F orgprints:12010 %K green manure, organic fertiliser, maize, Mediterranean organic farming %T Effects of green-manure and organic fertiliser on organic maize (Zea Mays L.) in south Tuscany %U http://orgprints.org/12010/ %X Green-manure in Mediterranean stockless organic farms is a useful tool to improve nitrogen availability, reduce production cost and conserve soil fertility. A 2-year on farm research was carried out in Tuscany (Italy) to evaluate the effect of 3 different green manures (Hordeum v. + Avena s. mixture, Trifolium s. + Avena s. mixture, Vicia faba var. minor) and 2 levels of organic N fertilization (0 and 120 Kg N ha-1) on maize in 2004 and 2005. Green manures were ploughed into the soil in April 2004 and organic fertiliser was applied before sowing; neither green manure nor fertilizers were applied in 2005 to evaluate the residual effect of the treatments. The effect of the distribution of organic fertilizer was not efficient in comparison to green-manure. Field-bean increased maize productivity in both the years thanks to an increase in N availability as suggested by its total N uptake that exceeded the uptake of maize after control by 19.5 and 14,3 Kg N ha-1 in the first and second year. In our experimental conditions, with low organic matter and nitrogen content in the soil, the use of grasses as green-manure caused temporary immobilisation of N and maize yield reduction. %0 Conference Paper %A Measures, Mr Mark %D 2008 %F orgprints:11922 %K Organic research, dissemination, adoption, advice %T Research into Practice: Mind the Gap %U http://orgprints.org/11922/ %X The uptake of organic research by commercial producers has been variable due to a number of factors including lack of access to research findings, financial pressures, research priorities, market demands and producer perspectives. Consequently “best organic practice” is not universally applied and apparently intractable problems remain, even though in some cases solutions are available. This paper identifies the role of advisers in supporting organic farmers and the establishment of a system for disseminating the results of research through a number of routes including a web-based archive, advisory leaflets and workshops. %0 Generic %A Meerburg, Dr Bastiaan G %A Brom, Prof Frans W A %A Kijlstra, Prof Aize %D 2008 %F orgprints:14931 %I Wiley & Sons %K animal welfare, ethics, pests, rodent control, rodents, traps, rodenticides %N 12 %P 1205-1211 %T The ethics of rodent control %U http://orgprints.org/14931/ %V 64 %X Because western societies generally see animals as objects of moral concern, demands have been made on the way they are treated, e.g. during animal experimentation. In the case of rodent pests, however, inhumane control methods are often applied. This inconsistency in the human-animal relationship requires clarification. This paper analyses the criteria that must be met when judging the use of animals during experiments, and investigates whether these can be applied in rodent control. This is important, because, until now, animal welfare has been less of an issue in pest control: effectiveness, hygiene and cost efficiency have been leading principles. Two options are available to solve the inconsistency: the first is to abandon the criteria used in animal experimentation; the second is to apply these criteria to both animal experimentation and rodent control. This latter option implies that rodent control methods should not lead to intense pain or discomfort, and any discomfort should have a short duration and should allow escaped rodents to lead a natural life. Adherence to this option will, however, require a shift in the design of rodent control methods: effectiveness will no longer be the leading principle. It will have to share its position with animal welfare and humaneness. %0 Generic %A Melander, Bo %D 2008 %F orgprints:14700 %I Landbrugsavisen %T Ukrudt i økologiske marker skal bekæmpes på nye måder %U http://orgprints.org/14700/ %X Beskrivelse af hovedindholdet i FØJOIII-projektet WEEDS %0 Conference Paper %A Melander, Bo %A Nørremark, Michael %A Fløjgaard, Erik %D 2008 %F orgprints:16209 %I EWRS %P 8 %T Exposure and destruction of Elymus repens rhizomes and Rumex crispus rootstocks %U http://orgprints.org/16209/ %X The paper summaries the latest achievements with the development of new technologies for uprooting and destroying vegetative propagules of Elytrigia repens and Rumex crispus %0 Generic %A Melander, Bo %A Nørremark, Michael %A Kristensen, Erik Fløjgaard %D 2008 %F orgprints:16213 %P 10-10 %T Kvik skal op og væk %U http://orgprints.org/16213/ %X The article deals with previous results with the ability of different implements to uproot Elytrigia repens rhizomes. %0 Conference Paper %A Mele, Prof. Marcello %A Morbidini, Prof. Luciano %A Cozza, Dr. Francesca %A Pauselli, Prof. Mariano %A Pollicardo, Dr. Alice %D 2008 %F orgprints:12250 %K Maremmana breed, Organic beef, meat quality %T Organic beef production by Maremmana breed: qualitative meat characteristics %U http://orgprints.org/12250/ %X Meat quality of Maremmana young bulls and steers was evaluated during three consecutive years, according to an extension service experimental program. Cooking loss values of meat samples were lower in meat from steers, whereas shear force values were higher. Meat from steers was darker than meat from young bulls, as a consequence of a low level of Lightness and a high level of Chroma. Meat chemical composition showed a higher content of intramuscular fat in steer meat, which showed also a lower level of saturated fatty acids and a higher level of unsaturated fatty acids. Conjugated linoleic acid content in meat fat either from young bulls or from steers was similar to that found in meat from confined cattle fed preserved forages and concentrates. However steer meat showed higher CLA content than young bull meat. %0 Conference Paper %A Melece, Ligita %D 2008 %F orgprints:18687 %I Sauliai University %T Environmentally Friendly Agriculture: Development Issues in Latvia %U http://orgprints.org/18687/ %X Organic farming as the method and organic food nowadays play more and more important role in supplying sustainable and environmentally friendly practices, support a high level of biodiversity, utilize natural processes and ensure appropriate animal welfare standards. The paper analyzes the development and issues of perspectives of organic farming in Latvia. Some findings on organic agriculture development are given, estimating the primary information on organic farming in Latvia regarding the trends of organic farms' number, utilized organic agricultural land and share of organic land in the total agricultural land. Furthermore, the state policy and support for organic farming have been analyzed and compared with that of European Union (EU) and its Member States. The influence of Latvia's accession to the EU on the organic farming development is assessed. Some issues of further perspectives of development of Latvian organic agriculture are evaluated. %0 Conference Paper %A Merfield, Charles %D 2008 %F orgprints:19852 %I Teagasc, Ireland %P 71-98 %T Fundamentals of Nutrient Management: Why Nutrient Replacement is Essential in Organic and all Agriculture %U http://orgprints.org/19852/ %X There is a belief, going back to the foundation of organic agriculture, that nutrient replacement, i.e., the use of ‘fertilisers’, within organic agriculture is not required. Scientific theories and laws as well as practical farming evidence, now conclusively shows that this belief is incorrect, and nutrient replacement / cycling is essential for all forms of agriculture including organic. This paper is an explanation of why nutrient replacement / cycling is essential, starting at the most fundamental levels of the physical laws of nature, progressively building a holistic / systems based view of the behaviour of nutrients, and also energy, in farm systems and the biosphere as a whole. While such a view may at first appear overly detailed, even irrelevant to agriculture, one of the primary keys to the success of scientific understanding is the ability to create a theoretical understanding with precise predictive power. Much of agriculture is based in the complex sciences of biology and ecology where random processes prevent theoretical explanation and prediction i.e., much of agricultural science is empirical. Nutrient management is one of the few areas of agriculture where fundamental physics, even at the sub-atomic level, can penetrate right through the noise of biological systems to directly inform the actions of farmers. Empowered by such understanding farmers have the ability to fully understand the fundamentals of nutrient management and make better informed decisions about their own practices. Such a holistic perspective also ‘shines a light’ on the unsustainability of nutrient management in ‘industrial’ agriculture and the wider human societies of which it is the foundation, as well as reiterating the solutions that have been known for two centuries. %0 Book %A Meyerhoff, Eva %C CH-Frick %D 2008 %E Bioland, %E Forschungsinstitut für biologischen Landbau, (FiBL) %F orgprints:18061 %I Forschungsinstitut für biologischen Landbau (FiBL) %K Planung, Pflanzung, Pflege, Hecken, Naturschutzberatung %T Hecken planen, pflanzen, pflegen. Eine praktische Anleitung für Landwirte %U http://orgprints.org/18061/ %X Das Merkblatt bietet interessierten Landwirten Entscheidungsgrundlagen für die Anlage von Hecken und vermittelt zahlreiche Tipps aus der Naturschutzberatung für die Planung, Pflanzung und Pflege dieser Gehölze. %0 Generic %A Meyling, Nicolai V. %D 2008 %F orgprints:14149 %K Conservation biological control; ecosystem services; insect pathology %T Ecology of entomopathogenic fungi in agroecosystems %U http://orgprints.org/14149/ %X Fungi that infect insects have received considerable attention by scientists for their potential for biological control of pests. Many research projects have focussed on the selection of virulent strains for target pests and their development as biological control agents. In contrast, surprisingly little is known about the fundamental ecology of most of these fungi in nature. This knowledge is essential in order to receive the most ecosystem services provided by entomopathogenic fungi in agricultural production. Knowledge of the basic ecology of the fungi is also necessary to include them in conservation biological control. In this biological control strategy, agricultural practices and/or habitat manipulations are applied to the farming system to favour living conditions for specific natural enemies of pests (Eilenberg et al., 2001). %0 Generic %A Meyling, Nicolai V. %D 2008 %F orgprints:14345 %K Insect pathogens, ecology, molecular methods %T PCR-based characterisation of entomopathogenic fungi for ecological studies %U http://orgprints.org/14345/ %X The implementation of PCR-based tools for characterisation of organisms has greatly advanced our understanding of the phylogenies and species boundaries in entomopathogenic fungi, especially the widespread taxa Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae. These fungi have received a lot of interest due to their potential as biocontrol agents of pests. However, there is still a lack of knowledge about the fundamental ecology of these fungi in both managed and natural ecosystems, but such information is necessary both for risk assessments prior to release of biocontrol agents in the environment as well as if we wish to understand the distribution of the fungi and their impact on host populations. This latter focus is essential if the fungi are to be included in pest management strategies based on conservation biological control. A series of unspecific PCR methods have been used to characterise isolates of B. bassiana and M. anisopliae, and many studies have concluded that the fungi contain a lot of genetic diversity. The problem with these methods is that they provide little phylogenetic information of the fungi and the characters can not be used to explicitly compare data between studies. Sequences from specific targets in the DNA provide tools for explicit comparison between isolates across studies. There is now a range of primer sets published along with reference sequences in GenBank to make these comparisons possible. Multi-gene phylogenies have revealed that both B. bassiana and M. anisopliae are complexes of species that contain cryptic taxa or clades. Using merely morphological characteristics will not result in the same degree of taxa identification as will the use of DNA sequence data. Similarly, when using microsatellite markers for population genetic studies of fungal communities, it is necessary to first separate the populations in clades as allele sizes can convert across populations. In the near future, USDA-ARS in Beltsville will launch a web-based platform (MBID, Metarhizium-Beauveria ID) including lists of primers, databases of reference sequences and type isolates of new described species for the reliable identification of taxa for the scientific community. This tool should provide a common framework and nomenclature for scientists and create basis for making comparisons among studies. There should be great potential to learn more about the ecology of the entomopathogenic fungi with the application of these molecular markers. However, designing an appropriate sampling scheme in the environment is absolutely necessary to conduct these ecological studies. The use of isolates from culture collections should be avoided. %0 Conference Paper %A Meyling, Nicolai V. %A Eilenberg, Jørgen %D 2008 %F orgprints:14152 %K Apparent competition; conservation biological control; density and trait mediated effects %T Entomopathogenic fungi infecting non-pest insects: Implications for ecosystem services and relevance of behavioural ecology %U http://orgprints.org/14152/ %X Entomopathogenic fungi infect a wide array of insects from most orders and they are among the natural enemies that contribute to the regulation of insect populations. However, only a limited number of studies have focused on the impact of fungal pathogens on populations of non-pest insects. Effects of entomopathogenic fungi on non-pest host populations should receive more attention based on the increasing interest in conservation biological control. In this strategy, founded on competition theory, non-pest host populations adjacent to cropping systems will in principle affect pest populations through shared natural enemies. We present examples of selected non-pest host-fungus systems from temperate ecosystems that are relevant for the expected ecosystem service provided by entomopathogenic fungi. Predators are among the non-pest hosts that are infected by fungi. Recent advances in our understanding of the effect of pathogens on the behaviour of predators may shed light on the significance of entomopathogenic fungi for the regulation of predator populations. We discuss what we can learn about host-pathogen interactions from behavioural ecology and which life history parameters in the host that may be important for the impacts of fungal pathogens on their host populations. %0 Conference Paper %A Meyling, Nicolai V. %A Ormond, Emma %A Roy, Helen E. %A Pell, Judith K. %D 2008 %F orgprints:14151 %K Entomopathogenic fungi %T Pathogen avoidance by insect predators %U http://orgprints.org/14151/ %X Insects can detect cues related to the risk of attack by their natural enemies. Pathogens are among the natural enemies of insects and entomopathogenic fungi attack a wide array of host species. Evidence documents that social insects in particular have adapted behavioural mechanisms to avoid infection by fungal pathogens. These mechanisms are referred to as 'behavioural resistance'. However, there is little evidence for similar adaptations in non-social insects. We have conducted experiments to assess the potential of common insect predators to detect and avoid their entomopathogenic fungal natural enemy Beauveria bassiana. The predatory bug Anthocoris nemorum was able to detect and avoid nettle leaves that were treated with B. bassiana. Females laid fewer eggs on leaf halves contaminated with the pathogen. Similarly, females were very reluctant to contact nettle leaves contaminated with the fungus compared to uncontaminated control leaves in ‘no-choice’ experiments. Adult seven spot ladybirds, Coccinella septempunctata, overwinter in the litter layer often in groups. Adult C. septempunctata modified their overwintering behaviour in relation to the presence of B. bassiana conidia in soil and sporulating conspecifics by moving away from sources of infection. Furthermore active (non-overwintering) adult C. septempunctata were also able to detect and avoid B. bassiana conidia on different substrates; bean leaves, soil and sporulating on dead conspecifics. Our studies show that insect predators have evolved mechanisms to detect and avoid pathogens that they are susceptible to. Fungal pathogens may be significant mortality factors among populations of insect predators, especially long-lived species that must diapause before reproduction. Likewise, actively foraging species are more likely to come in contact with pathogens than predators that sit and wait for prey. These particular groups of insects will benefit from adaptations to avoid pathogens. %0 Generic %A Meyling, Nicolai V. %A Sigsgaard, Lene %D 2008 %E Hansen, Michael B. %F orgprints:14146 %I Jordbrugsakademikerne %K Conservation biological control; ecosystem services; predators; parasitoids; pathogens %N 2 %P 19-22 %T Bevar naturens egen regulering %U http://orgprints.org/14146/ %V 6 %X Naturlig regulering af bestande i naturen foregår hele tiden. Derfor bliver langt fra alle potentielle skadedyr til virkelige skadedyr et givet år eller sted. Planteædende insekter reguleres bl.a. via fødekæden; nedefra gennem planten og oppefra ved deres naturlige fjender. Blandt skadedyrenes naturlige fjender er rovinsekter, edderkopper og rovmider, snyltehvepse (samlet kaldet nyttedyr) samt sygdomme af størst betydning for den naturlige regulering. Den intensive landbrugspraksis i det moderne jordbrug har dog reduceret effekten af disse fjender. Den manglende regulering medvirker til de skadedyrangreb, som opleves i forskellige afgrøder. I de seneste år er der skabt en øget interesse for at forstå og anvende disse naturlige reguleringsmekanismer for at holde skadedyrene i skak. Det kræver viden om planternes, de planteædende insekters og nytteorganismernes biologi og samspil at øge effekten af reguleringen. I artiklen præsenteres aktuelle projekter, hvor vi fokuserer på effekter af den naturlige regulering af skadedyr. %0 Conference Paper %A Midmore, Prof Peter %A Ayres, Ms Natasha %A Lund, Mr Thomas Bøker %A Naspetti, Dr Simona %A Zanoli, Prof Raffaele %A O'Doherty Jensen, Dr Katerine %D 2008 %F orgprints:12574 %K European organic consumer analysis %T Understanding the Organic Consumer through Narratives: an International Comparison %U http://orgprints.org/12574/ %X Consumer narratives drawing on life history, events and influences are used to explain evolving consumer behaviour with regard to purchasing and consumption of organic products. Triangulated qualitative interviews, involving 54 principal participants in major and average sized cities in Denmark, the UK and Italy form the empirical basis of the study, combined with shopping trip observation and supplementary interviews. The research uses Gardner’s (2004) concept of ‘change of mind’ as a starting point for analysis. While cultural and geographical contexts vary across countries, a key finding is that consumer behaviour co-evolves with market development. The study concludes that potential future marketing strategies must distinguish carefully between strongly committed and occasional consumers of organic products. %0 Conference Paper %A Migliorini, Paola %A Tavoletti, Stefano %A Moschini, Valentina %A Iommarini, Linda %D 2008 %F orgprints:8636 %K pea, faba bean, lupin, grain legumes, Mediterranean crop %T Performance of grain legume crops in organic farms of central Italy %U http://orgprints.org/8636/ %X In the 2005-2006 growing season, eight varieties of faba bean, pea and lupin were compared in two organic farms, located in two regions of Central Italy (Tuscany and Marche), to evaluate their adaptation to local environment and agronomic performance in terms of grain yield and competitive ability against weeds. Pea showed a higher grain production than faba bean and lupin, which were negatively effected by the environmental conditions during winter 2005 and spring 2006. Time of seeding seems to be very important for the competitive ability against weed of the different varieties. In Tuscany the lupin Italian variety Multitalia, the only one Italian variety, obtained interesting performance in terms of grain yield and weed competition, although the spring seeding. %0 Conference Paper %A Migliorini, Dr Paola %A Vazzana, Prof Concetta %A Moschini, Dott Valentina %D 2008 %F orgprints:12367 %K Key words: green manure, organic fertilisers, maize, Mediterranean organic farming %T Effect of green manure on weeds and soil fertility in two organic experimental agroecosystems of different ages. Results from 2 years. %U http://orgprints.org/12367/ %X In order to acquire more information about green manure practices in the Mediterranean environment, green-manure crops from two seasons (2003/2004 and 2004/2005) were compared and evaluated in two agroecosystems (“Old Organic” and “Young Organic”) of the Montepaldi Long Term Organic Experiment in Tuscany. Data collection included green manure crop (biomass, weeds competition capacity, N and C content), weed biodiversity on maize, and soil fertility characteristics over three periods (in October before sowing the green manure, in April before the incorporation of the green-manure in the soil, and in September at the maize harvest). The different green manure species produced no significant effects on the weeds and N% and C% in the soil. Weeds characteristics (weed species and Shannon Index) showed statistically significant differences among the two agroecosystems, even though the initial condition of the two soils were similar. %0 Conference Paper %A Mikkelsen, Bent Egberg %D 2008 %F orgprints:15768 %T Learning and lifeskills through organic and healthy foods at school - The Scandinavian experience %U http://orgprints.org/15768/ %X Increased political support for public sustainable development and consumption strategies has made the school one of the preferred settings for public organic procurement policies in Scandinavian countries. At the same time the growing incidence of obesity among young people has created a considerable interest in strategies that can improve eating habits among school children. The meal patterns formed during adolescence is believed will be continuously influenced into their adulthood even following generations in the future and thus there is growing support for the idea that learning and lifeskills should be strengthened through initiatives related to organic and healthy foods at school. This paper report on the food transition taking place in school in European school. It reports on the growing number of policy documents and research evidence in the field of healthy eating. Lifekills formation an sustainable development . It draws especially on the development in Scandinavian countries and argues why healthy school meal programme is considered to be an effective strategy to promote health and sustainability. It reports what has been achieved within promotion of organic food sin schools and the European Organic out of home eating, the Alimenterra network and the iPOPY research initiatives on organic foods in schools. Finally the school gardens initiative and the New Nordic food at school will be highlighted. %0 Conference Paper %A Mikkelsen, Bent Egberg %D 2008 %F orgprints:12380 %K public food systems, organic public procurement, organic foods, organic conversion, public foodservice %T Overcoming constraints and barriers for organic public procurement – Applying the theory of loosely coupled systems to the case of organic conversion in Danish municipalities %U http://orgprints.org/12380/ %X Organic food and farming has been an integrated part of agricultural policies in most European countries for many years. In some cases this priority has resulted in strategies aimed at increasing public procurement of organic foods. Public service provision in schools, institutions and kindergartens include consumption of huge amounts of foods. This paper analyses three Danish local government cases of introduction of organic foods in public foodservice in order to study what kind of influence this has had on the governance of public foods. The findings suggest that organic food policies seem to result in a rethinking of public food provision and the creation of virtual public food systems. The findings also suggest that these developments have been fuelled by a sub optimal functioning of the foodservice supply chain and that this in turn has forced administrators to see food procurement in a new horizontal perspective in which different types of public foodservice is looked upon as a whole. The findings suggest that the emerging organic food policies have modernised the way in which public food is governed and that organic foods have created a sense of public political consumption. The paper discusses the opportunities that this development creates for the organic food sector and in particular whether the development can open up further the public as a sales channel for organic food. %0 Conference Paper %A Mikkelsen, Bent Egberg %D 2008 %F orgprints:15771 %K iPOPY %T Public food systems strategies to protect environment, soil and groundwater - the case of organic food in Copenhagen %U http://orgprints.org/15771/ %X There is increasing focus on the role that public food procurement and institutional food service can play in promoting sustainable production and consumption. Many metropolitan areas adopt strategies that include initiatives involving public kitchens and food procurement offices. In a number of countries sustainability policies have been launched aiming at increasing the volume organic foods in the public. Denmark is one of them. Public policies supporting the use of organic foods in the public sector has been around for a decade and municipalities has taken cornet actions aiming at increasing the share of organic and sustainable foods in food service Copenhagen is one of them and protection of soil and ground water plays an important role in this strategy. The aim of this paper is to present this case and demonstrate how public food systems can integrate organic foods in the public food service supply chain. The municipality aims at reaching a level where food consumption in public institutions is 75% organic and this goal is pursued through the participation in the Dogme network. Civil servants and catering professionals from the different Dogme municipalities work together in a network on Organic Food and aims at strengthening the inter-municipal cooperation on conversion into organic food through information and knowledge-sharing. The paper presents concrete examples of the constraints and opportunities in this type of strategy as well as some concrete tools for monitoring the progress through the use of metrics. %0 Conference Paper %A Mikkola, M. %A Mikkelsen, B. E. %D 2008 %F orgprints:12349 %K organic food, public catering, sustainable public catering system %T Promoting Organic Food in Public Catering: A Theory Based Approach to Sustainable Public Catering Systems %U http://orgprints.org/12349/ %X The paper focuses on public catering as a significant service provider in the modern society and a potential large scale user of organic food. In order to argue for the use of organic food by public catering, the traditional nutrition oriented public catering is reframed and repositioned as sustainable public catering system, responsible in mediating the well-being of both bio-physical environment and individual consumers. The repositioning is based on theory of ecological communication within social systems by Niklas Luhmann. The development towards sustainable public catering systems is examined by analysing Danish and Finnish public catering cases, which make visible the role of economy, law, science, politics and education in contextual networks governing public catering. This theoretically based approach confirms the networks and their mutual communication as bearing on the use of organic food, rendering public catering organisations ‘centres of sustainability’ in every-day life of (post)modern citizens. %0 Conference Paper %A Mikkola, Minna %D 2008 %E Warren, Martyn %F orgprints:15354 %I University of Plymouth %K Food system, social rhizome, connectivity, networks, sustainability, %T Common People’s Sustainability: Connectivity within a Food System Rhizome %U http://orgprints.org/15354/ %X They say that sustainable development has been around for about 20 years and not very much progress has been achieved. However, this view may refer to difficulties in identifying sustainable developments in everyday business activities without particularly visible publicity. Currently, new serious activity towards sustainable food systems, starting from retailing, processing industries and farmers as well as other food system actors seem to strive to connect the supply chains for sustainable food. This paper makes use of the notion of ‘social rhizomes’ structured as different networks to identify sustainable developments in actors’ lived experience. Furthermore, the notion of connectivity, as the ability to activate heterogenous ideas, persons, materials and spaces for sustainability within a ’social rhizome’ is used to explain the progress towards sustainability within local, national and global food system. Empirically, the paper is based on two presentations given on the Finnish Organic Conference 2008. The presentations were analysed for the progress towards sustainability within social rhizomes structured as chanceworks, meshworks, strategic networks and socially overlaid networks. Results suggest, that connectivity between different networks leads to transformations between the networks towards more shared economic, environmental and socio-cultural benefits, which can be identified as common people’s sustainability. %0 Generic %A Mikkola, Minna %D 2008 %F orgprints:13348 %K Organic food, youth, public procurement, health, school meal systems, iPOPY %T Organic and conventional public food procurement for youth in Finland %U http://orgprints.org/13348/ %X Public catering in Finland has strong historical roots from the 19th century, connected with the rise of the national state, industrialisation, democracy and modern times in general. The school meal system developed hand in hand with work place meal services, and inherently the aim was to offer lateral support for workers' and pupils' activities by healthy and wholesome nutrition. The public catering had initially a strong label of welfare services and implied economical use of ingredients. Later on, the character of public service of the welfare state was emphasised, as public catering was perceived as a way to promote equality between citizens. The public meal system, and school meal system as part of it, represented not a self-evident and 'natural' developmental path, but can be seen as a result of extensive political, economic and organisational efforts, even fights. Further on, the nutritional and cultural orientations were strengthened when the public school meal system was made a statutory free service for all pupils, first in basic education, and later in secondary education. Today the Finnish welfare state meets the challenge of greying societies and decreasing labour force, and the school meal system, as all public provision systems, in confronted with the trend for increased efficiency and economical operations, including food procurement. Even within these restrictive organisational environments, there is interest in environmentally friendly food and sustainable development by public caterers, municipal officials and politicians of all parties. While the conventional meal system is the prevailing one, there are also movements towards sustainable catering in hundreds of schools around Finland, connected to Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) program. The report is produced within the project “innovative Public Organic food Procurement for Youth”, iPOPY, and will be updated and revised during the project period (2007-2010). %0 Conference Paper %A Mikkola, Minna %A Risku-Norja, Helmi %D 2008 %F orgprints:17572 %I INRA SAD %K optional milk systems, GHG emissions, climate change, discursive grounds %P 723-733 %T Institutional consumers' views of GHG emission reduction by optional milk systems within sustainability frame %U http://orgprints.org/17572/ %X An on-going study examines how Green House Gas (GHG) emission information could be used to support consumption driven changes in production, leading to reduction of GHG emissions in agriculture. This paper presents a pre-study, looking for discursive grounds by which institutional consumers make choices when confronted with the knowledge of GHG emission characteristics of five optional milk systems. The milk systems to be compared in terms of agricultural GHG emissions were (Option I) conventional milk system based on imported soy protein feed, (Option II) conventional milk system using domestic protein source and (Option III) organic milk system, as well as vegetable milk systems based on (Option IV) imported soy and (Option V) domestic oat. The discursive turn to these optional milk systems was taken by five catering information professionals, who tried to respond to the idea of catering for sustainability. The results revealed four different discourses, with variable ability to make use of emission information when systemic change is to be approached in everyday productive activities. Regarding emission information, the least sensitive discourse was the one of modernization, emphasising the use of conventional, cheap products. Sustainability and ecological modernization discourses exhibited most imaginative and novel solutions in productive activities. Bioregionalism discourse joined other discourses connecting them with the idea of domestic production. The discourses identified in this pre-study were, however, very fine-grained and intermingled, offering rather lean support for novel choices. Additionally the market position of organic milk suffered due to emission information, stressing heavily the reliability of environmental information as a ‘change agent’ on the market. %0 Conference Paper %A Milestad, R. %A Björklund, J. %A Westberg, L. %A Geber, U. %A Ahnström, J. %D 2008 %F orgprints:11641 %K local selling, on-farm biodiversity, consumer-producer links, diversification, Sweden %T Exploring close consumer-producer links to maintain and enhance on-farm biodiversity %U http://orgprints.org/11641/ %X This paper deals with the question of whether local selling of farm products improves on-farm biodiversity. In contrast to the main agricultural trend of farms specialising and increasing in size in response to the national and global markets, increasing numbers of Swedish farmers are instead diverting their efforts towards selling at local markets. Based on a study of six farms, the paper explores the nature of diversity on these farms and identifies factors supporting diversity. The study shows that farmers who interact with consumers are encouraged to diversify their production. The actual crops and varieties grown are determined by a combination of the natural conditions prevailing on the farm and the conditions created by the farmer in terms of marketing strategy for the products. %0 Conference Paper %A Minuto, Giovanni %A Guerrini, Sara %A Versari, Marco %A Pisi, Luisa %A Tinivella, Federico %A Bruzzone, Cinzia %A Pini, Stefano %A Capurro, Marco %D 2008 %F orgprints:11604 %K soil mulching, thermoplastic starch, vegetable production, implementation, BIOMASS project %T Use of biodegradable mulching in vegetable production %U http://orgprints.org/11604/ %X Trials were carried out in Liguria during three years (2004-2006) to evaluate the use of innovative starch based bioplastics for soil mulching. All trials carried out in open field as well as in greenhouse on different vegetable crops demonstrated the effectiveness of biodegradable films in controlling weeds and in increasing yield. The use of biodegradable mulching films found application in integrated production regulations set up by the regional authority and it is potentially adoptable in an organic farming context. %0 Conference Paper %A Modesto, Monica %A D'Aimmo, Maria Rosaria %A Stefanini, Ilaria %A Mazzoni, Maurizio %A Bosi, Paolo %A Biavati, Bruno %D 2008 %F orgprints:11817 %K nitrates, intestinal microbiota, weaning piglets, Salmonella %T Antimicrobial effect of dietary nitrate in weaning piglets challenged or not with Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium %U http://orgprints.org/11817/ %X The maintenance of a beneficial bacteria balance in the gut is important to increase the animal’s resistance to diseases. Nitrite may kill gut pathogens representing a non-immune defence mechanism. Nitrite can be derived from dietary nitrate that is reduced under the acidic conditions of the oral cavity. An in vivo study was designed in order to establish the antimicrobial effects of dietary nitrate on the gut microbiota and on the health of 96 weaning piglets. The pigs were fed a diet containing high levels of nitrate (15 mg/kg feed and 150 mg/kg feed) and then challenged with Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. Changes of the intestinal microbiota composition were assessed by analysing the stomach and jejunum contents from all the pigs. Results showed that nitrate only affected the population levels of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) in both segments. Pigs challenged with Salmonella showed a reduction in the levels of E. coli and clostridia in the jejunum suggesting a mechanism of competition for niches or for active sites. The time from challenge significantly decreased the number of LAB in stomach and jejunum. It also decreased the population density of clostridia in the stomach. The supplementation of feedstuff with high dietary nitrate intake contemporarily to the challenge with Salmonella did not affect the degree of ulceration in the pigs. %0 Generic %A Mogensen, L. %D 2008 %F orgprints:14803 %K økologisk; mælkeproduktion; vitaminer; mineraler; selvforsyning %N 6 %P 1-2 %T Vitaminer og mineraler i økologisk mælkeproduktion %U http://orgprints.org/14803/ %V 4 %X Hvordan kan den økologiske malkekvægsbedrift blive selvforsynende med vitaminer og mineraler? Det spørgsmål bliver der frem til 2010 forsket i ved Det Jordbrugsvidenskabelige Fakultet, AU i projektet ECOVIT. %0 Conference Paper %A Mogensen, L. %A Kristensen, T. %A Søegaard, K. %A Jensen, S.K. %D 2008 %F orgprints:12233 %K Dairy, Decision support model, Mineral, Vitamin %T How can the organic dairy farmer be self-sufficient with vitamins and minerals? %U http://orgprints.org/12233/ %X The aim of the present paper is to present a prototype of a decision support model simulating the feed and vitamin supply during a year on a farm self-sufficient with feed. The model takes into account that the content of vitamin and minerals depends on choice of crops, conservation method, season, plant development at harvest, quality of the silage production, and duration of storage together with traditional optimizing of the feeding scheme. %0 Conference Paper %A Mohotti, Dr (Mrs) A. J %A Damayanthi, Mrs N %A Anandacoomaraswamy, Dr A %A Mohotti, Dr K. M %D 2008 %F orgprints:12472 %K organic, tea, roots, water use %T Comparative dynamics of tea (Camellia sinensis L.) roots under organic and conventional management systems with special reference to water use %U http://orgprints.org/12472/ %X Comparative measurements were carried out in the on-going, long-term organic and conventional comparison “TRI OR-CON” trial at the Tea Research Institute of Sri Lanka. The tea was grown organically using tea waste (TW), neem oil cake (NOC), compost (COM) as soil amendments using IFOAM guidelines, which were compared with tea grown conventionally (CONV) with recommended synthetic inputs. Responses of the tea yield, root system and mass volume sap flow were studied. The tea bushes showed comparable responses between all the treatments, the differences of which were not statistically significant: They exhibited similar yield, root distribution, growth, extension rates, mortality, mass volume flow of water and water use efficiency (WUE). The organically grown (ORG) tea bushes invested more roots in deeper soil layers than the CONV bushes. The results showed that in terms of plant growth, managing tea organically is as equally feasible as managing tea in the conventional manner. %0 Generic %A Molkentin, Joachim %D 2008 %F orgprints:17230 %K Bio-Milch Erkennung Identifizierung Unterscheidung %N 23 %P 873-874 %T Authentifizierung von Bio-Milch im Labor %U http://orgprints.org/17230/ %V 59 %X In Deutschland ist die Nachfrage nach Bio-Lebensmitteln in den letzten Jahren stetig gestiegen. So erhöhte sich der Absatz von Bio-Trinkmilch in 2007 im Vergleich zum Vorjahr erneut kräftig um 34 Prozent (ZMP, Bonn) und der Bio-Anteil beträgt inzwischen bei Frischmilch knapp elf Prozent. Aufgrund sporadisch resultierender Lieferengpässe bei Bio-Milch sowie der vorhandenen Handelspreisdifferenz besteht zunehmend ein potenzielles Risiko der Falschdeklaration konventionell erzeugter Milch als Bio-Ware. %0 Conference Paper %A Molkentin, Joachim %D 2008 %F orgprints:15288 %K BÖL, BOEL, FKZ 02OE073/2, Lachszucht, Bio-Lachs, konventioneller Farmlachs, Kennzeichnung, Deklaration, Verbraucherschutz %T Authentizität von Milch und Fisch – Erkennung von Bioprodukten im Labor %U http://orgprints.org/15288/ %X Die Nachfrage nach Bio-Lebensmitteln ist in Deutschland in den letzten Jahren stetig gestiegen. So erhöhte sich der Absatz von Bio-Trinkmilch in 2007 im Vergleich zum Vorjahr erneut um 34 %. Aufgrund sporadisch resultierender Lieferengpässe bei Bio-Milch aber auch der erheblichen Handelspreisdifferenz – wie z. B. insbesondere bei Bio-Lachs – besteht ein potenzielles Risiko der Falschdeklaration konventioneller Produkte als Bio-Ware. Zum Schutz von Verbrauchern wie auch Erzeugern werden daher Verfahren zur Überprüfung der Kennzeichnung benötigt, die – in Ergänzung der betrieblichen Kontrollen – im Zweifelsfall eine Unterscheidung ökologisch und konventionell erzeugter Lebensmittel auf Ebene des Einzelhandels erlauben. %0 Generic %A Molkentin, Joachim %D 2008 %F orgprints:15287 %K BÖL, BOEL, FKZ 02OE073/2, Lachszucht, Bio-Lachs, koventioneller Farmlachs, Kennzeichnung, Deklaration %N 21 %P 24-25 %T Erkennen von Bioprodukten im Labor %U http://orgprints.org/15287/ %X Aufgrund der deutlichen Handelspreisdifferenz sowie des begrenzten Rohstoffangebots erhöht der boomende Markt für Biolebensmittel die Gefahr der Falschdeklaration konventioneller Ware. Zum Schutz der Konsumenten wie auch der Produzenten werden daher Verfahren zur Überprüfung der Kennzeichnung benötigt, die – in Ergänzung der betrieblichen Kontrollen – im Zweifelsfall eine Unterscheidung biologisch und konventionell erzeugter Lebensmittel auf Ebene des Detailhandels erlauben. %0 Conference Paper %A Möller, Dr. Kurt %A Stinner, Walter %A Leithold, Prof. Dr. Günter %D 2008 %F orgprints:12308 %K nitrogen, nutrient management, digestion, renewable energies %T Effects of Biogas Digestion of Slurry, Cover Crops and Crop Residues on Nitrogen Cycles and Crop Rotation Productivity of a Mixed Organic Farming System %U http://orgprints.org/12308/ %X Manures and crop residues can be utilised for digestion, without any significant losses of nutrients. This paper presents the results of field trials about the effects of biogas digestion in a mixed organic cropping systems on nutrient cycling and yield of a whole crop rotation. Digestion of slurry affected yields and N uptake only after soil incorporation. The inclusion of crop residues for digestion increased the amounts of “mobile” manure. N uptake and yield of non-leguminous main crops increased about 10%, due to a more adapted allocation of nutrients within the whole cropping system by reallocation of N towards the crops with higher N needs. Additionally, removing the cover crops in autumn and their digestion increased the fertilizing efficiency of N, lowering the risk of leaching losses. %0 Conference Paper %A Montecchio, D. %A Francioso, O. %A Gioacchini, P. %A Ciavatta, C. %D 2008 %F orgprints:12174 %K Organic Carbon, Humification Parameters, DRIFT, TG-DTA %T How Perennial Grass has Modified Distribution of Organic Carbon in a Peach Orchard in Emilia-Romagna Region (Italy) %U http://orgprints.org/12174/ %X In this study, the distribution of the total and humified organic carbon in a peach orchard tilled-irrigated on the row and perennial grassed on the inter-row space after 16 years of cultivation were evaluated. The TOC has shown differences not statistically significant in the 0-20 cm horizon, whereas the difference in the row vs. inter-row 20-40 cm horizon was significant. The highest content of humic substances was found in the 0-20 cm of the inter-row with perennial grass vs. row tilled soil: the absence of tillage increases the accumulation of humified compounds. DRIFT and TG-DTA analysis pointed out only some small structural variation in the humic fraction of the samples taken from the layer at depth 20-40 cm. %0 Generic %A Montedo, Uiara Bandineli %A Sznelwar, Laerte Idal %D 2008 %F orgprints:22659 %K Ergonomia agrícola, Análise ergonômica do trabalho, Complexidade, Agricultura familiar. Agricultural ergonomics, Ergonomic work analysis, Complexity. %N 1 %P 142-154 %T Análise ergonômica do trabalho agrícola familiar na produção de leite. %U http://orgprints.org/22659/ %V 18 %X Este artigo trata da metodologia utilizada em uma intervenção ergonômica sobre organização do trabalho em Unidades de Produção Agrícola Familiar (UPAF) produtoras de leite de origem bovina, na região oeste da França. Apresenta-se a metodologia utilizada, uma combinação de jornadas de observação e análise do trabalho e jornadas de formação-ação. Discutem-se a Crônica de Ação e o Plano de Utilização das Instalações (PUI), bem como a utilização destes no processo de conscientização do agricultor sobre a complexidade de seu trabalho. Apresenta-se a análise da "supervisão do rebanho", devido ao seu alto grau de complexidade e importância para o desempenho da produção de leite, explorando de que forma certos arranjos espaciais podem favorecer as condições para a realização desta tarefa. Na análise do trabalho agrícola familiar privilegia-se o olhar complexo sobre a situação de trabalho, visando identificar os determinantes, as fontes de variabilidade e as estratégias adotadas. %0 Conference Paper %A Montemurro, F. %A Diacono, M. %A Convertini, G %A Vitti, C %A Verrastro, V %A Ceglie, F.G. %A Erriquens, F. %D 2008 %F orgprints:19051 %K matrici organiche, sansa denocciolata, agricoltura biologica, test di fitotossicità; risposte produttive delle colture %T Analisi di fitotossicità e impiego di sansa umida denocciolata in una rotazione farro-cece in regime di agricoltura biologica %U http://orgprints.org/19051/ %X Pratiche di agricoltura intensiva hanno condotto alla degradazione della risorsa suolo, vale a dire ne hanno diminuito la qualità. Più precisamente, la degradazione riguarda la riduzione della sostanza organica, della stabilità strutturale e della disponibilità di nutrienti nel suolo, con conseguente decremento della produttività. All’interno di un progetto di ricerca in corso, relativo a produzione e impiego di compost in agricoltura biologica, sono previste analisi di fitotossicità su sansa umida denocciolata (SD) poi impiegata in una rotazione farro-cece. L’obiettivo della ricerca è quello di verificare come l’incorporazione al suolo di matrici organiche (M), anche tal quali, può concorrere a mantenere o incrementare la fertilità del suolo ed a sostenere i livelli produttivi delle colture. Nelle analisi di fitotossicità su SD, effettuate con specie test Lepidium sativum L., sono state saggiate oltre alle consuete concentrazioni dell’estratto (50% e 75%), indicate nelle metodiche ufficiali, anche una diluizione maggiore pari al 25% e SD tal quale (100%) centrifugata e filtrata. In una rotazione biennale cece da granella - farro, effettuata a Foggia (campo sperimentale del CRA-SCA) nell’annata agraria 2007-2008, sono stati posti a confronto per ciascuna coltura i seguenti trattamenti: SD tal quale; fertilizzante organo-minerale (OM) ammesso in biologico; controllo non fertilizzato (C). I risultati dei saggi di fitotossicità indicano che la M in esame è risultata fitotossica essendo stato riscontrato un indice di germinazione (Ig) del 44,4%. Dall’esame degli indici calcolati per ciascuna diluizione, inoltre, si è evidenziato come al diminuire della stessa (25%>50%>75%>100%) aumenta l’inibizione all’emergenza e alla crescita radicale (Ig: 66,2%>55,2%>46,9%>9,2%), fino al valore minimo di Ig riscontrato per SD tal quale. Infine, è emerso che la tossicità si esercita a livello di percorsi metabolici diversi, con una netta prevalenza degli effetti sulla lunghezza radicale piuttosto che sul numero di semi germinati. I risultati ottenuti nella prova agronomica hanno evidenziato per il cece una maggiore produzione di granella con OM (2,5 t ha-1) rispetto al trattamento SD (2,1 t ha-1), mentre i valori rilevati per i residui sono paragonabili tra le tre tesi. Le produzioni di granella ottenute per il farro risultano confrontabili, mentre la produzione di paglia è stata maggiore con OM (3,4 e 2,9 t ha-1 rispettivamente per OM e per SD). Da questa attività di ricerca è emerso che SD è una matrice particolare relativamente agli effetti sulle colture, che dovrebbe essere stabilizzata e maturare grazie ad attività di biodegradazione (e quindi compostata in miscela con altre matrici) per poter influenzare positivamente la fertilità del suolo e la produttività delle colture. %0 Conference Paper %A Moorby, Dr J. M. %A Ellis, Miss N. M. %A Fisher, Mr W. J. %A Davies, Mr D. W. R. %A Davies, Dr D. R. %D 2008 %F orgprints:11756 %K dairy cows, maize, milk production, nitrogen partitioning, red clove %T Effects of mixing red clover and maize silages on milk production and whole-body N partitioning in dairy cows %U http://orgprints.org/11756/ %X Twenty-four multiparous Holstein-Friesian dairy cows in mid lactation were used in a 33 Latin square changeover experiment with three 4-week periods to investigate the effect of altering the ratios of red clover (RC) silage and maize silage in the forage component of their diet. Ratios (in the dry matter (DM)) were: RC10, 0.1 RC:0.9 maize; RC50, 0.5 RC:0.5 maize; RC90, 0.9 RC:0.1 maize. All cows received ad libitum access to their allocated forage with 4 kg of a standard concentrate per day. Whole-body N partitioning and whole-tract diet digestibility measurements were carried out using a subset of cows (n=9). Results are presented in order of RC10, RC50 and RC90 respectively. Feed DM intakes (19.6, 20.5, 19.5 kg DM d-1, s.e.d. 0.32, P<0.01) and milk yields (26.1, 27.3, 25.7 kg milk d-1, s.e.d. 0.54, P<0.01) were highest on diet RC50. Milk protein concentrations decreased (P<0.001) as forage RC proportion increased, and protein yields were significantly (P<0.01) higher on diet RC50. Urine N excretion was lowest (as a ratio to N intake), and milk N secretion was highest, on diet RC10. It is concluded that milk and protein yields can be improved by feeding RC silage as 1:1 mix with maize silage, but that the efficiency of utilisation of forage N was reduced when diets contained more than 0.1 RC silage. %0 Conference Paper %A Moorby, Dr JM %A Ellis, Miss NM %A Fisher, Mr WJ %A Davies, Dr DR %A Scollan, Prof ND %D 2008 %F orgprints:13041 %K Red clover silage, grass silage, dairy cows, N balance, milk production %T Use of grass and red clover silage mixtures for milk production and whole-body N partitioning by dairy cows %U http://orgprints.org/13041/ %X Twenty-four multiparous Holstein-Friesian dairy cows in mid lactation were used in a 44 Latin square changeover experiment with four 4-week periods to investigate the effect of altering the ratios of red clover (RC) and ryegrass silage (GS) in the forage component of their diet. Ratios (in the dry matter (DM)) were: R0, 0 RC:1 GS; R34, 0.34 RC:0.66 GS; R66, 0.66 RC:0.34 GS; R100, RC 1:0 GS. All cows received ad libitum access to their allocated forage with 4 kg of a standard concentrate per day. Results are presented in order of R0, R34, R66 and R100 respectively. Feed DM intakes (16.7, 17.8, 18.3, 19.0 kg d-1, s.e.d. 0.24, Plin<0.001) and milk yields (25.2, 26.1, 26.5, 26.1 kg d-1, s.e.d. 0.47, Plin<0.05, Pquad<0.05) increased as the proportion of RC in the forage increased. Nitrogen (N) intake and excretion of N in urine and faeces increased (P<0.01) with increasing proportion of RC in the diet, but milk N secretion as a proportion of diet N intake, decreased (P<0.01). It is concluded that the best balance of feed intakes, milk yields and efficiency of utilisation of dietary N was achieved when cows were offered a diet with RC silage as 0.66 of the forage. %0 Conference Paper %A Moreira, Cassio Franco %A De Nadai Fernandes, Elisabete A. %A Tagliaferro, Fábio Sileno %D 2008 %F orgprints:12399 %K Shaded Coffee, Organic Agriculture, Sustainability, Coffee Quality, Chemical Elemental Composition %T Shaded Coffee: A way to Increase Sustainability in Brazilian Organic Coffee plantations %U http://orgprints.org/12399/ %X Consumption of specialty coffee, mainly organic coffee, increases worldwide following the tendency of consuming social and ecological sustainable products. Brazil is the world largest coffee producer, with an average of 2,300,000 tons of green coffee in the last 5 years. Cultivation of organic coffee and shaded coffee are common in Central America, while in Brazil both conventional and organic coffee are cultivated in the full sun system. The full sun system is criticized due to the lack of biodiversity and high demand for inputs. Shaded coffee system has more biodiversity, recycles and fix more chemical elements, such as N, P, K, Ca and C, having a great potential to mitigate the global warming, being consequently more sustainable. In Brazil, shaded coffee system is not well trusted and known as less productive. Seeking for organic coffee sustainability, this work evaluates productivity, coffee quality and chemical composition of coffee beans from two distinct organic coffee systems: shaded and full sun, in the largest arabica coffee producing region of the world, south of Minas Gerais State, Brazil. For productivity and coffee quality there was no statistical difference, although there was a tendency of superiority for the shaded treatment. For coffee beans composition, the shaded system presented higher K values. Considering the results obtained, the shaded system can be suited to increase organic coffee sustainability in this region of Brazil. %0 Conference Paper %A Moreno-Peñaranda, Raquel %A Egelyng, Henrik %D 2008 %F orgprints:12040 %K Brazil, Organic Agriculture, Agroecological Income, Livelihood Strategy, Market and Non-Market Values, Community %P 484-487 %T Organic Agriculture as Livelihood Strategy: A Case Study in a Rural Community of Southern Brazil %U http://orgprints.org/12040/ %V 2 %X This paper presents the findings of a case study of a Brazilian community pursuing a livelihood strategy based on certified organic agriculture. Using the sustainable rural livelihoods framework, the paper identifies three different organic livelihood strategies involving varying degrees of capitals. The paper concludes that understanding the implications of these different organic strategies and their rationales is a prerequisite for policy-makers to tailor policies and programmes aiming to assist rural communities benefit from organic agriculture as a vehicle for advancing rural development. %0 Generic %A Morgner, Marion %D 2008 %F orgprints:14879 %I Verlags-AG Schweizer Bauer, CH-Bern %K Vermarktung, bäuerliche Vermarktungsinitiativen %P 11 %T Die gemeinsame Stärke ausspielen %U http://orgprints.org/14879/ %X Wenn Bauern ihre Produkte gemeinschaftlich vermarkten, kommt das gut, möchte man meinen. Doch so einfach ist es nicht. Für jede Initiative braucht es ein klares Konzept und eine professionelle Umsetzung. %0 Conference Paper %A Moschitz, Dr. Heidrun %D 2008 %F orgprints:14990 %K community supported agriculture; empowerment; organic food; political consumerism; social exclusion; %T Knowing food - a privilege for the concerned consumer? A research programme on organic urban-rural relationships %U http://orgprints.org/14990/ %X Community supported agriculture (CSA) is increasingly practised in different countries all over the world and can be seen as a step towards a new style of urban-rural relationship. However, it is argued that CSA is an “utopian entertainment for a few middle class consumers and their fortunate few farmer friends” (Goodman and DuPuis 2002, p. 17). Often, such CSA projects rest on organic agriculture, a farming system which in turn provides food mainly to the middle class of well-educated concerned consumers (Morgan and Murdoch 2000). Thus, one could argue that organic CSA is a highly exclusive concept, and that, in consequence, building urban-rural relationships depends on a small part of society ignoring, for example, poorer, often less educated consumers. This paper outlines the planned research accompanying a pilot CSA project in a Swiss city targeted at less educated people without special concerns (or the budget needed) for healthy, organic or otherwise alternative food. It thereby critically reflects the predominance of middle class consumers in the urban-rural relationship. With the help of ethnographic methods, such as participatory observation and in-depth (narrative) interviews, the project will explore (learning) processes that lead to “knowing” food in CSA. Conceiving of the production-consumption relationship as a discourse sees consumer actions as political when they exercise “the capacity to act” in a way that affects future society (Goodman and DuPuis 2002). The project will study in how far the target group of less educated people participates in this political action. It furthermore explores if there are processes which could empower them to decide deliberately whether or not to take part in such political action, and to effectuate their “right to know” (Allen and Kovach 2000), thus democratizing the urban-rural link. %0 Book %A Moudry, Jan %A Moudry, Jan (Jr.) %A Konvalina, Petr %A Kopta, Daniel %A Sramek, Jan %C Jihočeská univerzita v Českých Budějovicích, Ekonomická fakulta, ediční středisko %D 2008 %E Skerik, Josef %E Leibl, Martin %F orgprints:21051 %I Jihočeská univerzita v Českých Budějovicích, Zemědělská fakulta %K Organic and conventional systems of farming, crop yield, economy,costs, prices Ekologické a konvenční systémy hospodaření, výnos plodin, ekonomika, náklady, ceny %T Ekonomická efektivnost rostlinné bioprodukce %U http://orgprints.org/21051/ %X V metodice je porovnávána ekonomická efektivnost pěstování vybraných plodin (pšenice, žito, tritikale, oves, kukuřice, brambory) z ekologického a konvenčního systému hospodaření. Jsou vyhodnocovány rozdíly ve výnosech plodin v relaci k systému pěstování a faktorům, které tyto rozdíly ovlivňují. V relaci ke standardním technologickým postupům v obou systémech hospodaření jsou stanoveny náklady na plochu i na jednotku produkce a vypočten příspěvek na úhradu. Dále je analyzována struktura nákladů na produkci vybraných plodin, cenové diference mezi konvenční produkcí a bioprodukcí a podíl dotací na příjmech pěstitele. %0 Generic %A Moudry, Jan (Jr.) %A Bohac, Jaroslav %A Konvalina, Petr %A Moudry, Jan %A Kolarova, Pavlina %D 2008 %F orgprints:21032 %K Grasslands, Structure, Distribution, Organic farming %N 2008 %P 233-240 %T Distribution and use of grasslands in the Czech Republic and biodiversity of invertebrates %U http://orgprints.org/21032/ %V 51 %X In the Czech Republic the major focus of organic farming lies in permanent grasslands management. Animal production is mostly focused on non-milk pasture beef-raising on almost the whole farm area. By contrast conventional farms do not grass sufficiently, even in areas with higher elevation. This fact is influenced by subvention programmes motivating farmers to fulfil the agroenvironmental function of agriculture using grassing, however there is no support for agriculture on arable land. Permanent grasslands are predominantly used for beef grazing. Large areas are harvested too, which affects biodiverzity. Grasslands utilized for pasture are rich in biodiversity which enhance ecosystem services. The effect of grassland management on the different taxa and assamblages is discussed. This work is focused on permanent grasslands utilization and distribution and invertebrate abundance. %0 Generic %A Moudry, Jan (Jr.) %A Friebel, Ludvik %A Konvalina, Petr %D 2008 %F orgprints:21027 %K Organic farming, grasslands, agronvironmental proframs, loading by livestock units Ekologické zemědělství, trvalé travní porosty, agroenvironmentální programy, zatížení dobytčími jednotkami %N 2 %P 59-64 %T Hospodaření na trvalých travních porostech a využívání agroenviromentálních programů v ekologickém zemědělství v ČR %U http://orgprints.org/21027/ %V XI %X Setrvalé zemědělství je v současné době výrazně podporováno Evropskou unií, což se pozitivně odráží i na vývoji ekologického zemědělství členských států. I v České republice je u podílu ekologického hospodaření patrný rostoucí trend, přičemž nezanedbatelný podíl na tom má i nastavení dotačních titulů. Přestože by však tyto měly být vybalancovány takovým způsobem, aby v dostatečné míře podpořily rozvoj šetrného hospodaření ve všech směrech, dochází v ČR v EZ k vysokému nárůstu hospodaření na trvalých travních porostech (TTP) za současného útlumu využívání orné půdy. Článek se zabývá rozborem hospodaření výběrového souboru ekologických podniků, se zaměřením na hospodaření na TTP a využívání agroenvironmentálních programů. %0 Book %A Moudry, Jan (Jr.) %A Moudry, Jan %A Cudlinova, Eva %A Hartl, Wilfried %A Kromp, Bernhard %A Konvalina, Petr %A Sramek, Jan %A Kolarova, Pavlina %A Fuka, David %A Kostkova, Miroslava %C Jihočeská univerzita v Českých Budějovicích, Ekonomická fakulta, ediční středisko %D 2008 %E Skerik, Josef %F orgprints:21050 %I Jihočeská univerzita v Českých Budějovicích, Zemědělská fakulta %K ekologické zemědělství, přenos zkušeností, struktura, hlavní problémy %T Ekologické zemědělství v ČR a Rakousku, hlavní problémy a přenos zkušeností %U http://orgprints.org/21050/ %X Publikace hodnotí české a rakouské ekologické zemědělství z hlediska historického vývoje, zemědělských a socio-ekonomických aspektů. Definuje hlavní problémy v jednotlivých zemích a společné body a pokouší se navrhnout řešení vycházející ze zkušeností partnerských stran. %0 Generic %A Moura, Emanoel Gomes de %A Silva, Antônio José de França %A Furtado, Mariléia Barros %A Aguiar, Alana das Chagas Ferreira %D 2008 %F orgprints:22716 %K Cajanus cajan, Milho, Produção, Adubação potássica, Calagem. Cajanus cajan, Maize, Yield, Potassium fertilization, Liming. %N 4 %P 1735-1742 %T Avaliação de um sistema de cultivo em aléias em um argissolo franco-arenoso da região amazônica. %U http://orgprints.org/22716/ %V 32 %X No trópico úmido, a construção e manutenção da fertilidade dos solos são os maiores desafios dos que se dedicam à implantação de sistemas agrícolas sustentáveis. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar um sistema de cultivo em aléias com guandu, associado à adição anual de calcário e de K, em um Argissolo de textura franco-arenosa, a fim de verificar a possibilidade do uso desse sistema como alternativa ao corte e queima na agricultura do trópico úmido. Foram utilizados, como leguminosa, o guandu (Cajanus cajan) e a cultura do milho. Os tratamentos foram os seguintes: T = testemunha, com solo desnudo; G2, G2,5 e G3, tratamentos com fileiras de guandu nos espaçamentos de 2, 2,5 e 3 m, respectivamente; G2K, G2,5K e G3K, tratamentos com guandu nos mesmos espaçamentos mais K; G2C, G2,5C e G3C, tratamentos com guandu mais calagem; G2KC, G2,5KC e G3KC, tratamentos com guandu mais K e calagem. A cobertura e o equilíbrio de nutrientes do solo foram os mais importantes fatores que influenciaram a produtividade do milho no sistema de cultivo em aléias com guandu; portanto, eles devem ser considerados como fundamentais para o manejo sustentável dos Argissolos de textura franco-argilosa do trópico úmido. %0 Conference Paper %A Mourão, Dr. Isabel %A Brito, Dr. L Miguel %A Coutinho, Dr. João %D 2008 %F orgprints:12660 %K Compost, N uptake, nutrient content, potato grades %T Yield and quality of organic versus conventional potato crop %U http://orgprints.org/12660/ %X The improvement of organic fertilization practices is essential to increase organic potato production in the highland region of NW Portugal, with environmental benefits and better returns. For that reason, the response of organic potato was evaluated throughout a randomized block design experiment, with two cultivars (Raja and Virgo) and increasing rates of composted organic pig manure (0, 15, 30 and 45 t ha-1). These cultivars were also grown with mineral N fertilizer (120 kg N ha-1) under conventional practices to compare the results between crop systems, 30, 45, 60, 80 and 125 days after planting. Crop yield was not improved with increasing rates of compost application because the N mineralization rate of the compost was small and soil organic matter was high (8%). Organically grown cv. Virgo yielded 66.0% of the conventional crop, whereas Raja yielded 46.6%. The N uptake of the organic crop (tubers and foliage) was 37.0 kg ha-1 for Raja and 50.5 kg ha-1 for Virgo, respectively 21.1% and 27.8% of the N uptake by the same cultivars grown with mineral fertilizer. Although foliage N content was increased for the conventional crops, differences between N content of organic and conventional tubers were not significant, as well as for K, Ca and Mg. %0 Generic %A Muller, Adrian %D 2008 %F orgprints:14731 %I Springer %K bioenergy, biofuels, sustainable energy, sustainable agriculture, organic agriculture, land competition, water scarcity %T Sustainable agriculture and the production of biomass for energy use %U http://orgprints.org/14731/ %X Modern bioenergy is seen as a promising option to curb greenhouse gas emissions. There is, however, a potential competition for land and water between bioenergy and food crops. Another question is whether biomass for energy use can be produced in a sustainable manner given the current conventional agricultural production practices. Other than the land and water competition, this question is often neglected in scenarios to meet a significant part of global energy demand with bioenergy. In the following, I address this question. There are sustainable alternatives, for example organic agriculture, to avoid the negative environmental effects of conventional agriculture. Yet, meeting a significant part of global energy demand with biomass grown sustainably may not be possible, as burning significant quantities of organic matter - inherent in bioenergy use - is likely to be incompatible with the principles of such alternatives, which often rely on biomass input for nutrient balance. There may therefore be a trade-off between policies and practices to increase bioenergy and those to increase sustainability in agriculture via practices such as organic farming. This is not a general critique of bioenergy but it points to additional potential dangers of modern bioenergy as a strategy to meet significant parts of world energy demand. %0 Conference Paper %A Müller-Lindenlauf, Maria %A Deittert, Christine %A Köpke, Prof. Ulrich %D 2008 %F orgprints:11815 %K Organic, dairy, LCA, Economic return, Farm model %T Environmental Impacts and Economic Differences in grassland based Organic Dairy Farms in Germany – Modelling the Extremes %U http://orgprints.org/11815/ %X Differences in environmental impact and economic returns between intensive and low-input organic dairy production are investigated using two simplified model farms with different amounts of concentrates being fed. In four scenarios, ecological and economic effects of restricting the more intensive farm management practice beyond the existing regulations of organic farming are analysed. In the initial situation, the intensive farm has a financial advantage of about 600.00 € per ha compared with the low-input farm, while the environmental risks caused by its production system are higher in several Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) categories. We showed for the model case that limiting livestock density and using regional grown concentrates bring about considerable improvements in LCA results, while restricting the amount of concentrates used does not. These three scenarios result in economic deterioration for the intensive farm. A fourth scenario increasing the share of pasture in daily dry matter intake (DMI) to a minimum of 50% during the grazing season has positive effects environmentally as well as economically. %0 Conference Paper %A Murphy, Dr. Kevin %A Hoagland, Dr. Lori %A Reeves, Dr. Philip %A Jones, Dr. Stephen %D 2008 %F orgprints:12397 %K plant breeding, cultivar, nutritional value, mineral content, organic and conventional system comparison, soil characteristics %T Effect of cultivar and soil characteristics on nutritional value in organic and conventional wheat %U http://orgprints.org/12397/ %X Evidence of greater nutritional value in organic crops is currently a subject of intense debate. Our objectives in this study were to test for grain mineral concentration in 35 winter wheat cultivars in paired organic and conventional systems, and to determine the influence of cultivar, soil characteristics and farming system on mineral concentration. Here we report preliminary results that show that the grain mineral concentration in organic wheat was higher for copper (Cu), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), phosphorus (P) and zinc (Zn) and lower in calcium (Ca), than the grain mineral concentration in conventional wheat. No difference was found between systems for iron (Fe) concentration. Cultivar was significant in determining mineral concentration for Ca, Cu, Mg, Mn and P. Soil mineral concentration was not responsible for grain mineral concentration, with the exception of P. The organic wheat farming systems had higher grain mineral concentrations of Cu, Mg, Mn, P and Zn than the conventional systems, possibly due in part to increased soil organic matter and pH in the organic systems. Growing specific cultivars capable of exploiting particular soil conditions may be necessary in order to optimize the nutritional value in organic farming systems. %0 Conference Paper %A Muukka, E %A Vidgren, H %A Mykkänen, H %D 2008 %F orgprints:11578 %K organic food, children, nutrition %T The Feasibility of Use of Organic Products at Child-Care Centre %U http://orgprints.org/11578/ %X The availability and price of organic foods and the nutritional quality of the diet offered to preschool children was studied in two child-care centres, one offering organic foods and the other conventional foods in the daily meals. The study was carried out in the city of Kuopio located in eastern Finland. 79 children participated in the study in the centre offering organic foods and 62 children in the centre offering conventional foods. In both centres the children were from two age groups, 3–5 and 6–7 years of age. The amount of food the children consumed at the centre was recorded by the kitchen staff during two 6-week periods (autumn 2001 and spring 2002), and the parents kept a 7-day food diary of foods consumed by children at home during the 6-week period in the autumn. Intakes of nutrients and two most common food additives (benzoic acid and nitrite) by the children were calculated from the food intake data. A questionnaire was filled by the parents on information of their age, education and profession, number of children in the family, attitude to organic foods and use of organic foods. The price of foods consumed in the centres was calculated, and the problems encountered in availability and use of organic products were examined %0 Generic %A Muukka, Eija %A Kuosmanen, Leena %A Ylinampa, Meeri %A Blomquist, Ulla %A Kärkkäinen, Irma %A Malaska, Kirsi %A Soininen, Taira %A Soininen, Jukka %D 2008 %F orgprints:15953 %K catering services in municipalities, public foodstuff procurement, local food, organic food %T Local food in municipal catering - a survey of local food purchasing in Finnish municipalities %U http://orgprints.org/15953/ %X This report is the first published report on the use of local food in almost all of Finland's municipalities, and covers the use of local food products in public municipality catering fairly comprehensively. The report presents the results of the telephone survey for the catering managers of Continental Finland carried out by EkoCentria's Lähikeittiöhanke's Local Cuisine Advisors in 2007. The count of participating municipalities totals to 366 which equals 92 % of municipalities in Continental Finland. In conclusion, there would be room for local products in public municipality catering if production, harvest and processing quantities could be raised and the supply chain between producers was coalesced. %0 Generic %A Muukka, Eija %A Kuosmanen, Leena %A Ylinampa, Meeri %A Blomquist, Ulla %A Kärkkäinen, Irma %A Malaska, Kirsi %A Soininen, Taira %A Soininen, Jukka %D 2008 %F orgprints:15949 %K kommunala mattjänster, offentlig livsmedelsupphandling, lokal mat, ekologisk mat, EkoCentria %T Lokal mat i Finlands kommuner - utredning över användningen av lokal mat i kommunala måltider %U http://orgprints.org/15949/ %X Denna utredning är den första utredningen om användningen av lokal mat i nästan alla finska kommuner och beskriver rätt täckande användningen av närproducerade råvaror i kommunal kostverksamhet. Utredningen redogör för resultaten av förfrågan som Närkökskonsulenterna inom projektet Närkök av EkoCentria utfört som telefonintervju till kommunernas förmän inom mattjänstbranschen i Kontinentala Finland år 2007. 366 kommuner deltog i intervjun, vilket motsvarar 92 % av alla kommuner i Kontinentala Finland. Enligt slutsatserna skulle det vara möjligt att använda mera färska lokala matvaror i kommunala mattjänster. Detta kräver att produktions-, plock- och vidareförädlingsmängder skulle kunna höjas och att producenternas gemensamma leveranskedja skulle fungera. %0 Generic %A Møller, Henrik %A Nielsen, Lisbeth %D 2008 %F orgprints:14085 %I Forskning i Bioenergy %K Grass, meadows, biogas %P 4-6 %T Græs er ægte grøn energi %U http://orgprints.org/14085/ %V 23 %X Græs fra engarealer kan mere end fordoble produktionen af biogas, og energibalancen er markant bedre end ved traditionelle landbrugsafgrøder som majs og korn. Samtidig får man fjernet næringsstofferne fra de følsomme områder, og man undgår, at arealerne ender med at blive til skov. %0 Generic %A Møller, Henrik Bjarne %A Nielsen, Lisbeth %D 2008 %F orgprints:14415 %P 4-6 %T Græs er ægte grøn energi %U http://orgprints.org/14415/ %V 23 %X Græs fra engarealer kan mere end fordoble produktionen af biogas, og energibalancen er markant bedre end ved traditionelle landbrugsafgrøder som majs og korn. Samtidig får man fjernet næringsstofferne fra de følsomme områder, og man undgår, at arealerne ender med at blive til skov. %0 Generic %A Nachimuthu, G. %A King, K. %A Kristiansen, P. %A Lockwood, P. %A Guppy, C. %D 2008 %F orgprints:14040 %K microbial activity; microbial biomass; cotton strip assay; decomposition; soil biology; image analysis; substrate-induced respiration; tensile strength %N 2 %P 322-329 %T Comparison of methods for measuring soil microbial activity using cotton strips and a respirometer %U http://orgprints.org/14040/ %V 69 %X In order to develop a method of measuring the level of microbial activity in soil that is suitable for use by farmers, land managers, and other non-scientists, a simple method for determining soil microbial activity was evaluated and compared with two standard techniques. Soils sampled from vegetable farms in south east Queensland were incubated in the laboratory under controlled moisture and temperature conditions. Three methods were used to measure soil microbial activity, a respirometry method and two methods using the cotton strip assay (CSA) technique (image analysis and tensometer). The standard CSA method measured loss of tensile strength over a 35 day incubation period of buried cotton strips using a tensometer. The new CSA technique measured the intensity of staining by microbes using a flatbed scanner to create an image of the cotton strip whose staining percentage was determined using Photoshop® software. The respirometry method used the substrate induced respiration rate (SIR) to determine microbial biomass in the soil at day 12 of incubation. The strong correlation between the image analysis method and the tensometer method (r2 = 0.81), a technique used by scientific researchers, suggests that the image analysis method could be used to monitor aspects of soil biological health by general community land-care groups and farmers. The image analysis method uses equipment which is readily available and, while not strongly correlated with more precise measurements of soil biological activity such as microbial biomass (r2 = 0.26), it can detect gross trends in biological health in a soil monitoring program. The CSA method using image analysis was the cheapest technique to measure soil microbial activity. CSA using image analysis can be a valuable tool in conjunction with other simple indicators of soil physical and chemical health such as slaking and pH to monitor soil amelioration or rehabilitation programs. %0 Conference Paper %A Nagel, MSc Philipp %A Domig, PhD Konrad J. %A Hagmüller, PhD Werner %A Pfalz, MSc Silvia %A Kronsteiner, MSc Sophie %A Ortner, Birgit %A Sundrum, PhD Albert %A Zollitsch, PhD Werner %D 2008 %F orgprints:11787 %K organic, growing-finishing pigs, nutrition, performance, microbiota %T Effects of silage or probiotics on performance and gut microbial composition of organic growing-finishing pigs %U http://orgprints.org/11787/ %X This paper will deal with the effects of the oral application of a probiotic preparation (Bifidobacterium animalis) and of the provision of forage (maize and grass silage) to growing-finishing pigs on the composition of the intestinal microbial population and faecal microflora as an important determining factor for pork safety. 76 pigs were reared in 4 different dietary treatments. Clinical health and immune status plus faeces samples and samples of the gut content from the duodenum, ileum, caecum and colon were collected from each animal. Since the second round of the feeding experiment was only finished in March, the datasets are still incomplete because analyses are ongoing, but preliminary results are already available. Microbial analysis showed that CFU (per g DM of faeces) of bifidobacteria ranged from 2.6*10^8 (maize silage treatment) to 8.7*10^8 (probiotic treatment). CFU counts of E.coli showed a significantly lower amount for the control treatment (4.4*10^5) compared with the grass silage- group (3.0*10^6). Blood analysis did not show significant differences between treatments. Both the high level of animal performance (ADG between 902 and 929 g/d) and the negative clinical findings confirm the good health status of the animals. Statistical analysis with the complete data set will soon show whether the trends from these preliminary results will be confirmed for the overall experiment. %0 Conference Paper %A Napolitano, Prof Fabio %A De Rosa, Dr Giuseppe %A Ferrante, Dr Valentina %A Braghieri, Dr Ada %A Barbieri, S. %D 2008 %F orgprints:12598 %K sheep, welfare monitoring, organic farming, reliability %T Monitoring the welfare of sheep in conventional and organic farms using an ANI 35 L derived method %U http://orgprints.org/12598/ %X The present study was undertaken to evaluate the inter-observer reliability of a welfare monitoring scheme to be applied to sheep, and compare the welfare state of the animals between 10 organic and 10 conventional sheep farms. No significant differences were observed between organic and conventional farms in terms of housing characteristics and animal based parameters (P>0.10). This result may be due to the fact that most of the farms, both conventional and organic, based their farming systems on an extensive use of the land by grazing animals. The monitoring protocol proved to be feasible (the mean time needed to perform the assessment of welfare was 45 min per farm) and reliable: a significant correlation between observers was observed for total score and all sheets (P<0.001), while the correlation was significant for all animal based parameters (integument alterations, animal dirtiness, hoof overgrowth and lameness; P<0.001), apart from lesions (P>0.10). %0 Generic %A Närvänen, Aaro %A Jansson, Håkan %A Uusi-Kämppä, Jaana %A Jansson, Helena %A Perälä, Paula %D 2008 %F orgprints:16436 %K phosphorus load, equine areas, ferric sulphate %P 265-274 %T Phosphorus load from equine critical source areas and its reduction using ferric sulphate %U http://orgprints.org/16436/ %V 13 %X The increasing number of horses, especially in urban areas has made the phosphorus (P) load of exercise areas (paddocks) more and more obvious but there has been a lack of information regarding how to assess this load and what can be done to lower it. In the surface soil (1-2 cm) of areas that are affected by horse manure, like paddocks, we measured very high extractable P contents. When testing soils from these areas using a rainfall simulator we found a close correlation between the extractable soil P in the surface soil and the dissolved reactive P in runoff water. In a runoff treatment test trial we used ferric sulphate to treat paddock runoff water. The chemical dosage was carried out using a tube doser placed in a well. After ferric sulphate treatment the runoff was discharged into a sedimentation pond and then filtered in a sandbed. The chemical treatment was performed during one year and the reduction of the dissolved P and total P in the runoff was 95 % and 81 %, respectively. Our Agri-Environmental Programme has not been successful in reducing the total P status in our agriculturally loaded lakes. We suggest that the cost-effective chemical treatment of waters from the high P equine areas should be included in the programme. Also in other countries in the Baltic Sea catchment area reductions of P contents in waters from equine areas should be carried out. %0 Thesis %9 Masters %A Nascimento, Alexandre Ferreira do %C Viçosa %D 2008 %F orgprints:21844 %I Universidade Federal de Viçosa %K Modelo CENTURY, Modelo APSIM, Modelo NDICEA, Decomposição de materiais orgânicos, Mata Atlântica. CENTURY model, APSIM model, NDICEA model, Decomposition of organic materials, Atlantic Forest. %T Calibração e validação dos modelos CENTURY, APSIM e NDICEA de decomposição de materiais orgânicos e mineralização de N para a Mata Atlântica. %U http://orgprints.org/21844/ %X Muitos sistemas de produção contam basicamente com os nutrientes provenientes da decomposição de materiais orgãnicos adicionados ao solo. A taxa de decomposição desses materiais é produto da combinação de fatores intrinsecos, sua composição quimica e bioquímica, e fatores extrínsecos, sendo as condições de temperatura e umidade do local as variáveis mais importantes, constituindo assim em um processo complexo e dinâmico por ser controlado por vários fatores. Contudo, a decomposição pode ser representada e examinada dentro de esquemas e mecanismos que facilitam seu entendimento, os modelos matemáticos. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi calibrar e validar os modelos Centry, APSIM e NDICEA para decomposição e liberação de N em condições climáticas tropicais e materiais orgãnicos de origens diversas; e testar a capacidade destes modelos em simular a absorção de N em solo adubado com materiais orgânicos utilizados na agricultura. Foram utilizados os resultados dos trabalhos desenvolvidos por Matos (2005) e Chacón (2006) como parâmetro de comparação para avaliação dos modelos. Na parametrização e calibração dos modelos para os materiais orgãnicos vegetais, foram utilizados 8 resíduos testados em Araponga por 150 dias e 4 testados em Pedra Dourada por 360 dias, ambos os municípios situados na Zona da Mata mineira Os modelos foram validados utilizando caracteristicas edafoclimáticas de Seropédica (RJ), com 4 resíduos de materiais vegetais, avaliados no inverno e verão. Foram calibrados os modelos para a decomposição e mineralização de N de 4 estercos e 4 compostos testados em laboratório. Para a absorção de N, foram calibrados os modelos para a planta de braquiária crescendo em solo adubado com 5 materiais orgânicos. De maneira geral, a calibração padrão (default) do Century e APSIM superestimou a taxa de decomposição e liberação de N de todos os resíduos vegetais e, o NDICEA, superestimou estes processos para materiais mais resistentes a decomposição. Dessa forma, a calibração foi imprescindível para aumentar o grau de acurácia desses modelos. Na validação dos modelos o NDICEA apresentou maior grau de acurácia em relação aos demais, simulando com menor desvio a decomposição e liberação de N dos materiais vegetais na estação seca e chuvosa A calibração para decomposição e mineralização de N dos estercos e compostos foi pontual, conferindo a todos os modelos elevado grau de acurácia em estimar as transformações destes materiais orgânicos. Os modelos superestimaram a absorção de N pela braquiária com a calibração feita para a liberação/mineralização de N dos materiais orgânicos aplicados no solo. Assim, para diminuir o desvio entre os valores de N absorvido simulado e medido, foi necessária a calibração específica para a absorção de N. Depois dos modelos calibrados, O NDICEA apresentou maior grau de acurácia em estimar a absorção de N pela braquiária com a adição de materiais orgânicos como fonte de nutrientes. Dessa forma, pelos testes realizados o NDlCEA foi o modelo mais acurado para as condições estudadas, constituindo-se em uma ferramenta para predição e uso de fontes orgânicas para o manejo do solo de propriedade rurais. Contudo, trabalhos futuros são necessários, de modo que insiram maior número de materiais orgânicos e ambientes, fazendo com que o(s) modelo(s) seja(m) cada vez mais consolidado(s) para predição do comportamento de fontes orgânicas no campo, de modo que o sincronismo do fornecimento e demanda de nutrientes nestes agroecossistemas seja mais eficiente. %0 Generic %A Nascimento, Humberto Miranda do %D 2008 %F orgprints:22705 %K Questão agrária – Brasil, Recursos naturais, Terras públicas, Paraná, Sudoeste. Agrarian problem – Brazil, Natural resources, Public domain, Southeast of Paraná. %N 2 %P 103-132 %T A questão ambiental na origem do problema agrário brasileiro e o caso da região Sul. %U http://orgprints.org/22705/ %V 17 %X A especificidade do processo de apropriação privada de terras públicas no Brasil, após 1850, é o ponto de origem dos problemas ambientais atuais no espaço rural, isso porque foi desse período em diante que a ausência de limites ambientais se tornou a regra principal da aliança entre a concentração fundiária e o progresso técnico aplicado à agricultura, comprometendo dramaticamente outras formas de acesso, bem como o uso produtivo ou não produtivo das terras e seus recursos naturais. O estudo de caso realizado na região sudoeste do Paraná, no Sul do Brasil, no entanto, demonstra que, apesar de uma estrutura agrária mais democrática, a regra de ausência de limites ambientais também é reiterada. Naquela região, o impulso básico à degradação ambiental deve-se ao fato de as estratégias de reprodução da agricultura familiar estarem estreitamente associadas aos imperativos do mercado exportador de grãos. %0 Generic %A Naspetti, Simona %A Zanoli, Raffaele %A Bracchi, Luca %D 2008 %F orgprints:15188 %K Organic consumers, loyalty, Gardner's theory %T Consumption of Organic Foods from a Life History Perspective:An Explorative Study among Italian consumers %U http://orgprints.org/15188/ %X Taking into consideration individuals’ cognitive reasoning, and assuming that consumption of organic food has involved a change of mind about food experiences and food habits, we have identified the concepts, stories and theories mentioned by respondents in their discourses about organic food. Regular consumers trust organic products because they believe that they are healthier and tastier than any other product. A growing stock of information supports their food choice and confidence in organic food. Occasional consumers have strong beliefs about the better taste and the higher quality of organic food in general. Non organic users sometimes perceive organic food as a new fashion, the last fad. Organic food is still confused with close ‘substitutes’, such as ‘natural’, ‘macrobiotic’ and similar products. Many occasional consumers believe that regular consumers are somewhat obsessed with organic food and that they look and behave strangely. Organic products are generally perceived and experienced as expensive products, when compared to conventional alternatives. To organic consumer the rewards they perceive to gain from organic food is well beyond the resources (in terms of time and money) they employ to search for the higher quality of organic products. Institutional attempts to change consumer behaviour are commonly categorized into consumer information, consumer education and consumer advice (Peter et al., 1999).In order to increase both behavioural and attitudinal loyalty, the level of consumer information and product knowledge should be increased. Besides, consumers will become more committed if their beliefs regarding the intrinsic self-relevance of organic food will increase in the future. %0 Conference Paper %A Naspetti, Dr Simona %A Paladini, Ms Maria Elena %A Bteich, Dr Marie Reine %A Zanoli, Prof Raffaele %D 2008 %F orgprints:12601 %K organic supply chain analysis, wheat, food quality, food safety. %T Collaborative relationships in the organic wheat supply chain: a case study on three EU Countries %U http://orgprints.org/12601/ %X The study was conducted as a part of a EU-wide survey on organic supply chains, carried on in 8 European Countries. In this paper we report the results of the study regarding the winter wheat supply chain in Italy, France and Hungary. In depth interviews with key-informants were carried on in 2006 to investigate the relationships within the supply chain. Results show a low level of collaboration among various actors especially on cost and benefits sharing. %0 Conference Paper %A Nauta, MSc W.J. %A Roep, Dr. D. %D 2008 %F orgprints:12445 %K organic breeding, organic principles, strategies of development %T Principles and practicality of organic dairy cattle breeding: different options and implications %U http://orgprints.org/12445/ %X As yet there is no set of generally acknowledged rules for organic animal breeding. Most organic farmers depend on conventional breeding programmes, which conflict with organic principles. Do we need a separate, distinct organic breeding system? And how can we support the development of organic breeding? These questions were explored in a PhD study. In general organic farmers and other interest groups express the need for a separate, fully organic breeding system, particularly in view of the modern reproduction technologies used in conventional breeding. Also the difference in the magnitude of GxE between organic and conventional milk production indicates that a separate breeding program might be needed. In practice, however, organic farmers respond to different, and sometimes opposing, strategic and practical considerations. In this situation three options are identified in the development of organic breeding: adaptation of conventional breeding, an organic breeding program and improved natural breeding. Each path has its own implications and demands. Organic breeding is the subject of experimentation and learning on the one hand and of social debate on organic principles on the other. This process needs to be enhanced and interconnected, before well-founded decisions can be taken on further development of organic breeding. %0 Conference Paper %A Nawrocki, Arkadiusz %A Thorup-Kristensen, Kristian %A Nørregaard Jensen, Ole %D 2008 %F orgprints:16363 %T Proteomics in the backyard: 2DE based comparison of vegetables grown at conventional farming conditions and organic farming conditions %U http://orgprints.org/16363/ %X We used 2D electrophoresis and mass spectrometry to compare two organic farming systems with conventional farming of cabbage and carrot. For both vegetable proteomes we observed differential responses that depended on farming conditions. We detected significant protein abundance changes in a series of metabolic processes including glycolysis and protein synthesis. This study provides a framework for detailed molecular analysis of vegetables in large scale field studies and the influence of environmental conditions on plant growth. %0 Conference Paper %A Nelson, Alison %A Frick, B. %A Clapperton, J. %A Quideau, S. %A Spaner, Dr. Dean %D 2008 %F orgprints:12070 %K wheat variety, soil microbial community, breadmaking quality, organic, conventional %T Does Wheat Cultivar Choice Affect Crop Quality and Soil Microbial Communities in Cropping Systems? %U http://orgprints.org/12070/ %X Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars may have differential effects on soil microbial communities and the breadmaking quality of harvested grain. We compared six Canadian spring wheat cultivars under organic and conventional management systems for yield, breadmaking quality and soil phospholipid fatty acid analysis (PLFA) profile. Yields were lower, but protein levels were higher in the organic system. Cultivars differed for quality traits, but all cultivars had acceptable levels for processing. There were small differences in PLFA profiles for cultivars in the conventional system, but none in the organic system. More significant correlations between grain quality and PLFA measures were present in the organic system. Protein levels and breadmaking quality at least equal to conventional systems can be achieved in organic systems. Wheat cultivars differed for grain quality in both organic and conventional systems, and culivars altered the soil microbial profile in conventional systems. Microbes may play a greater role in determining crop quality in organic systems than in conventional systems. %0 Conference Paper %A Nelson, Erin %A Gomez Tovar, Laura %A Schwentesius Rindermann, Dr. Rita %A Gomez Cruz, Dr. Manuel Angel %D 2008 %F orgprints:11652 %K participatory guarantee systems, organic certification, local markets, Mexico %T Participatory Guarantee Systems: New Approaches to Organic Certification - The Case of Mexico %U http://orgprints.org/11652/ %X In an effort to address some of the problems associated with mainstream organic certification (such as high costs, extensive bureaucracy, inflexible processes, and a lack of community development focus), groups around the world have begun to develop alternative systems commonly referred to as participatory guarantee systems (PGS). These systems are based on the standards of mainstream certification agencies, but differ in that they adapt them to suit local conditions, employ simple verification procedures, minimize bureaucracy and costs, and incorporate an element of environmental and social education for both producers and consumers. This paper presents the experience of PGS in Mexico, with a focus on the case study of the Tianguis Orgánico Chapingo (Chapingo Local Organic Market). It is based on participant observation and informal interviews conducted by the authors during the course of their work as scholar-activists developing and promoting PGS as a certification option for Chapingo, as well as for an additional 16 markets that form the Mexican Network of Local Organic Markets. %0 Generic %A Nelson, Erin %A Schwentesius, Rita %A Tovar, Laura Gómez %A Cruz, Manuel Gómez %D 2008 %F orgprints:13879 %I LEISA %K Market Network, Certification %N 1 %P 24-27 %T Growing a local organic movement: The Mexican Network of Organic Markets %U http://orgprints.org/13879/ %V 24 %X Over the past several years, in response to the rapid growth in global demand for organic goods, the amount of organic production in Mexico has increased dramatically. Indeed, while Mexican agriculture as a whole has suffered severe crises, the organic sector has boomed, and today more than 83 000 producers farm organically on over 300 000 hectares of land. Of these producers, 98 percent are small scale, farming an average of three hectares, and over 50 percent are indigenous people. Unfortunately, as is the case in many developing countries, the vast majority of organic production remains focused on export crops – particularly coffee, but also cocoa, coconut, and other fruit and vegetables – with 85 percent of organic goods being sent to foreign markets. From an environmental point of view, exportoriented production is extremely damaging because of the amounts of fossil fuels required for transportation. In addition, packaging for export consumes precious resources and creates mountains of waste. Moreover, an export-oriented focus constrains the degree to which domestic markets are developed, and it leaves Mexican producers highly vulnerable to international market fluctuations. %0 Conference Paper %A Neri, L. %A Baraldi, R. %A Osti, F. %A Di Marco, S. %D 2008 %F orgprints:12142 %K kiwifruit, decay, pruning, Trichoderma harzianum %T Effects of Trichoderma harzianum applications on fresh pruning wounds in Actinidia deliciosa for the protection against pathogens associated with the “wood decay” of kiwifruit %U http://orgprints.org/12142/ %X A chronic wood wasting disease of kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) has recently been identified in Italian kiwifruit vineyards. This disease is principally caused by Phaeoacremonium aleophilum and Fomitiporia mediterranea. The “wood decay” causes a reduced productivity and longevity in the vineyards and influences the quality of the final product. “Wood decay” has a high incidence throughout the vineyards, and is difficult to eradicate once present, leaving prevention as the best defence strategy. The different pathogens causing the disease infect the plant mainly through pruning wounds. We studied a commercial formulation of Trichoderma harzianum T22 for the protection of pruning wounds, and thus for the prevention and reduction of the infection. The studies were carried out on potted plants, on shoots of the year that were cut, simulating a summer pruning, and treated with a T. harzianum commercial suspension. A different morphologic reaction was observed on treated and control shoots; physiological processes connected to the reaction, such as the variation in the levels of a growth-promoting hormone (auxin) and the content of total phenols were investigated through biochemical and histological analyses. The higher levels of auxin and phenols recorded in treated shoots suggested a stimulation of T. harzianum on the wound healing processes. %0 Generic %A Neto, José Alves Carneiro %A Andrade, Eunice Maia de %A Rosa, Morsyleide de Freitas %A Mota, Francisco Suetônio Bastos %A Lopes, José Frédson Bezerra %D 2008 %F orgprints:22403 %K Análise fatorial, Agricultura sustentável, Impacto ambiental. Factorial analysis, Sustainable agriculture, Environmental impacts. %N 4 %P 1272-1279 %T Índice de sustentabilidade agroambiental para o perímetro irrigado Ayres de Souza. %U http://orgprints.org/22403/ %V 32 %X Uma análise integrada do atual uso dos recursos naturais do Perímetro Irrigado de Ayres de Souza, localizado no Vale do Acaraú, Ceará, foi realizada através do desenvolvimento de um índice de sustentabilidade agroecológica. Os dados dessa pesquisa foram oriundos de questionários aplicados a 33 produtores agrícolas beneficiados pelo projeto de irrigação. Os indicadores de sustentabilidade foram estimados pelo emprego de análise fatorial, método da análise fatorial/análise de componentes principais. O índice de sustentabilidade estimado a partir dos indicadores selecionados registrou uma situação de sustentabilidade fragilizada ou de insustentabilidade reversível. As unidades produtivas apresentaram um porcentual de 60,6% com alguma sustentabilidade; e os demais 39,4% estão em condições de insustentabilidade. Os resultados também mostraram que os fatores dominantes do índice de sustentabilidade foram: nível da atividade agrícola praticada, agricultura familiar, condições atuais do sistema água-solo e infra-estrutura, fontes alternativas de renda e experiência em tratos culturais. %0 Generic %A Neuhoff, Daniel %D 2008 %F orgprints:13619 %K QLIF, ISOFAR, IFOAM Organic World Congress, Modena 2008 %T 4th Congress of the European Project Quality Low Input Food %U http://orgprints.org/13619/ %X The fourth annual scientific congress of the QLIF project took place during 19-20 June 2008 at the occassion of the 16th IFOAM Organic World Congress in Modena, Italy, where ISOFAR also organized their 2nd Scientific Conference. During the Organic World Congress QLIF offered a series of five outstanding workshops where central organic themes were highlighted during a synthesis paper written by a team of QLIF authors. Subseqently, the workshops made room for an exhaustive, moderated discussions. %0 Generic %A Neuhoff, Daniel %D 2008 %F orgprints:7859 %K ISOFAR, IFOAM, IFOAM Organic World Congress, Modena 2008 %T Cultivating the Future Based on Science = 2nd ISOFAR Conference in the Frame of the 16th IFOAM Organic World Congress %U http://orgprints.org/7859/ %X The 2nd scientific conference of ISOFAR 'Cultivating the Future based on Science' will be held in 2008, constituting the scientifc module (research track) of the IFOAM Organic World Congress 'Cultivate the Future' (OWC). The research track is held in parallel to the so-called system values track of the OWC. The scientific conference is coordinated by the International Society of Organic Agriculture Research (ISOFAR) in cooperation with International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements (IFOAM) and the local organisers, the Consorzio Modena Bio 2008. All papers submitted to the scientific conference will have high scientific standards, including a peer-review system. Papers should be submitted to Organic Eprints by October 15, 2007. %0 Conference Paper %A Neumann, Helge %A Loges, Ralf %A Taube, Friedhelm %D 2008 %F orgprints:12173 %K Nature conservation, environmental sustainability, biodiversity, fauna, birds %T Comparative analysis of conventional and organic farming systems: Diversity and abundance of farmland birds %U http://orgprints.org/12173/ %X A comparative study on the abundance of breeding birds and wintering birds was carried out over the period 2005-2007 in conventionally and organically managed arable fields in Northern Germany. Birds were surveyed on 40 (breeding season) and 35 (non-breeding season) pairs of fields (conventional/organic), which were selected with regard to similar field sizes, comparable boundary structures (hedges, shrubs) and representative crop rotations. Averaged over three years of investigation, skylarks (Alauda arvensis) and, less distinct, pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) occurred more often on organic fields. In contrast, yellow wagtails (Motacilla flava) showed higher abundances on conventional fields in one year. The diversity of farmland bird species was not affected by farming system (conventional/organic) neither during the breeding season nor during the non-breeding period. Over the winter, carnivore bird species occurred more often in organically managed fields while the total abundance of herbivore species was not affected by farming systems. %0 Generic %A Nicholas, Phillipa %A Jasinska, Aleksandra %D 2008 %F orgprints:13409 %T Animal Health and Welfare Planning - A Review %U http://orgprints.org/13409/ %X In UK, animal health planning is being increasingly promoted and implemented in both the organic and conventional livestock sectors – health planning is compulsory for organic certification in the UK. The type health planning that is taking place and the health plans being used vary widely across the UK livestock industry. This study details how health and welfare plans are promoted and implemented by British Governments, industry quality assurance and organic certification bodies. Details of animal health and welfare planning activities taking place in other European countries are also detailed though these activities are limited compared to the UK. An analysis of the key principles of health and welfare plans and planning identified from these review is presented and these principles compared with those derived at the first ANIPLAN Workshop held in Denmark in October 2007. A review of attitudes towards health and welfare planning is presented and shortcomings of the “UK style” of health planning identified so that conclusions can be drawn as to how best to take effective animal health and welfare planning forward into European partner countries via the ANIPLAN project. %0 Conference Paper %A Nicholas, Dr. Phillipa %A Lampkin, Dr. Nicolas %A Leifert, Prof. Carlo %A Butler, Dr. Gillian %A Klocke, Peter %A Wagenaar, J.P.T.M. %D 2008 %F orgprints:12664 %K Dairy, milk quality, mastitis, calf rearing, financial cost-benefit %T A pilot socio-economic analysis of QLIF dairy projects %U http://orgprints.org/12664/ %X A pilot socio-economic impact assessment was carried out on three dairy projects within QLIF to identify the business, consumer and policy issues likely to influence the adoption of the innovations resulting from QLIF. A socio-economic analysis is pre-sented related to the key outcomes from the three projects which include: manage-ment systems to reduce mastitis and antibiotic use in organic dairy farms and how milk quality can be enhanced through high forage organic feeding systems. Due to a lack financial data costs had to be assumed based on other studies. The socio-economic analysis identified a significant number of potential economic and social implications of implementing strategies developed in the QLIF project that aim at increasing animal health welfare and milk quality. %0 Generic %A Nicholas, Pip %A Roderick, Steve %A Vaarst, Mette %D 2008 %F orgprints:13407 %T Animal Health and Welfare Planning - Identifying key principles and approaches %U http://orgprints.org/13407/ %X During the presentations and discussions at the 1st ANIPLAN workshop it became apparent that there are many different approaches to disease prevention and treatment planning. These exist in a variety of structured forms, and also involve different approaches to the dialogue between farmer and advisor. The distinction between ‘an animal health plan’ and ‘animal health planning’ has also become evident (see Atkinson & Neale, 2008 in these proceedings). Whereas a plan refers to documentation, planning is understood as a process which actively involves the farmer, is based on an assessment and evaluation of a real situation and includes an explicit formulation of the farmer’s goals regarding animal health and welfare. In order to develop a single yet adaptable approach to health planning that can be tested under diverse conditions, there is a necessity to identify key principles. This report describes workshop discussions and the consensus reached with regard to the identification of such principles. %0 Conference Paper %A Nieberg, Dr. Hiltrud %A Offermann, Dr. Frank %D 2008 %F orgprints:11890 %K farm economics; profitability; farm comparisons %T Financial success of organic farms in Germany %U http://orgprints.org/11890/ %X The conversion to organic farming is financially rewarding for many farmers in Germany. The majority of the organic farms make a profit above that of comparable conventional farms. A comparison of successful with less successful farms, measured by the average difference in ‘Farm Net Value Added’ to comparable conventional farm groups, highlights that the success of the conversion is less dependent on structural and site-specific factors than on the management ability of the farmers – above all in the area of marketing %0 Generic %A Nielsen, Bent J. %C Tystofte, Skælskør and Skejby, Århus, Denmark %D 2008 %F orgprints:16996 %I Deneken G. & Haastrup, M.(eds), Ministeriet for Fødevarer, Landbrug og Fiskeri & Dansk Landbrugsrådgivning %K common bunt Tilletia tritici variety resistance spring wheat, winter wheat, spring triticale, winter triticale %T Resistens mod stinkbrand (Tilletia tritici) i hvede og triticale %U http://orgprints.org/16996/ %X Results of testing of Danish winter and spring varieties of wheat and triticale for resistance against common bunt (Tilletia tritici). The field tests are performed with artificial inoculation of different isolates of T. tritici. %0 Thesis %A Nielsen, Jeppe Østergaard %B Institut for Kemi, Bio- og Miljøteknologi/Institut for Råvarekvalitet %D 2008 %F orgprints:14808 %I Syddansk Universitet/Århus Universitet %K Gulerødder. Lager. Respirationsrate. %T Metabolsk aktivitet i gulerødder og sammenhæng til produktkvalitet og holdbarhed %U http://orgprints.org/14808/ %X Målinger af udvikling af ilt og kuldioxid for gulerødder på lager kan omsættes til en respirationsrate. Raten viser sig at blive influeret af temperaturen, tid på lager og sygdomsangreb. Raten bliver ikke influeret af fysiologiske ændringer i form af spiring. Temperaturen påvirker raten således, at jo højere temperatur, jo højere respirationsrate. Efter 20-30 dage på lager opnår gulerødderne et stabilt niveau af respirationsraten. Raten stiger dog på lager, hvis gulerødderne angribes af svamp. Stigningen i respirationsraten ses dog først sent i udviklingen af svampeangrebet. Et begyndende angreb af svamp kan ikke aflæses i respirationsraten. Denne tendens gør det svært at forudsige hvilke gulerødder, der vil blive angrebet af svamp. Vægttab og respirationsrate har ikke nogen sammenhæng, hvilket gør det svært at forudsige kvaliten og lagerpotentialet for gulerødderne ved estimering af respirationsraten. Målingerne er foretaget på økologiske og konventionelle gulerødder. %0 Generic %A Nielsen, H.B. %A Angelidaki, I. %D 2008 %F orgprints:14404 %N 7 %P 1521-1528 %T Codigestion of manure and organic waste at centralized biogas plants: process imbalances and limitations %U http://orgprints.org/14404/ %V 58 %X The present study focuses on process inhibitions in Danish centralized biogas plants. Collection of data from the plants and a number of interviews showed that inhibitions occur frequently. High concentrations of ammonia, long chain fatty acids or other inhibitory compounds, and foaming in prestorage tanks are well known causes of inhibition. These problems mainly occurs due to: 1) inadequate knowledge about the waste composition and 2) its degradation characteristics, 3) inadequate process surveillance especially with regard to volatile fatty acids and 4) insufficient pre-storage capacity causing inexpedient mixing of the different waste products in the pre-storage tanks. %0 Generic %A Nielsen, Henrik Bangsø %D 2008 %F orgprints:19016 %P %T Produktion af økologisk biogas %U http://orgprints.org/19016/ %V 412 %X Produktion af økologisk biogas %0 Conference Paper %A Nielsen, Henrik Bangsø %A Angelidaki, Irini %D 2008 %F orgprints:14519 %T Codigestion of manure and organic waste at centralized biogas plants: Process imbalances and limitations %U http://orgprints.org/14519/ %X The present study focuses on process inhibitions in Danish centralized biogas plants. Collection of data from the plants and a number of interviews showed that inhibitions occur frequently. High concentrations of ammonia, long chain fatty acids or other inhibitory compounds, and foaming in prestorage tanks are well known causes of inhibition. These problems mainly occurs due to: 1) inadequate knowledge about the waste composition and 2) its degradation characteristics, 3) inadequate process surveillance especially with regard to volatile fatty acids and 4) insufficient pre-storage capacity causing inexpedient mixing of the different waste products in the pre-storage tanks. %0 Generic %A Niessen, Jan %D 2008 %E Hambrusch, Josef %E Hunger, Franz %E Oedl-Wieser, Theresia %E Penker, Marianne %E Peyerl, Hermann %E Pistrich, Karlheinz %E Pöchtrager, Siegfried %E Reiter-Stelzl, Josefa %F orgprints:15139 %I Österreichische Gesellschaft für Agrarökonomie ÖGA, Wien %K BÖL, BOEL, FKZ 03OE274, Marketing, Konsumentenforschung, Verbraucherbefragungen, Verbrauchereinstellungen %T Bedeutung von Verbrauchereinstellungen für Kauf und Ausgabenhöhe bei Öko-Lebensmitteln %U http://orgprints.org/15139/ %X In the past, predominantly interviews have been used to valuate the German demand for organic food and associated consumers’ attitudes. These interviews’ explanatory power is limited due to consumers’ overestimation of household expenditures, buying frequencies or quantity of organic food. When using consumer panels, it is possible to simultaneously examine realised behaviour together with attitudes of consumers obtained by panel insertions. Such methodology enables to identify which attitudes affect spending for organic food. Therefore these attitudes should be taken into account within applied marketing policy for organic food. %0 Conference Paper %A Niessen, Jan %A Hamm, Ulrich %D 2008 %F orgprints:16876 %K Marketing research, consumer panel, consumer buying behaviour, BÖL, BOEL, FKZ 03OE274 %P 346-349 %T Identifying the gap between stated and actual buying behaviour on organic products based on consumer panel data %U http://orgprints.org/16876/ %X Evaluating the German demand for organic food in the majority of cases has been done by interviews, which are restricted by massive overestimation of consumers themselves. By using consumer panels, it is possible to survey actual consumer behaviour in combination with consumer attitudes and socio-demographic data and also by additionally requested consumers’ stated buying behaviour. Such methodology enables exposure and quantification of the gap between stated and actual buying frequency. Also the dimension of conventional products bought by mistake, while intending to get organics, can be identified. These results may give considerations for prospective survey design and adjustment of marketing policy. %0 Conference Paper %A Niggli, U. %A Hepperly, P. %A Fliessbach, A. %A Maeder, P. %D 2008 %F orgprints:13350 %I Consorzio ModenaBio, Modena %K Climate change, organic farming, adaptiveness, Klimawandel, biologischer Landbau, FiBLOWC2008 %T Does Organic Farming have Greater Potential to Adapt to Climate Change? %U http://orgprints.org/13350/ %X Agricultural production in most parts of the world will face less predictable weather conditions than mankind experienced during the intensification of agriculture over the last century. Especially South Asia and Southern Africa could suffer negative impact on several crops when no investments will be made into improved adaptiveness of the production systems. Besides specific technical measures (irrigation, breeding for drought improved or heat tolerant crops), the resilience of whole production systems is a very important focus. Organic agriculture is a highly knowledge-based technique for manipulating complex agro-ecosystems, for breeding locally adjusted seeds and livestock, and for producing on-farm fertilizers and inexpensive nature-derived pesticides. Such knowledge is a crucial ‘reservoir of adaptations’. Soil fertility-building and soil conserving techniques bring organic farming in a good position to maintain productivity in the event of drought, irregular rainfall events with floods, and rising temperatures. Such techniques are i) the on-farm flux of manure from livestock production to cropland, ii) the use of composts, iii) the use of leguminous crops and green manure in rotations, iv) diversified crop sequences with permanent soil cover and different rooting depths as well as v) minimum or shallow tillage. Although organic agriculture is not designed to use water as efficient as possible, different agricultural techniques used in organic agriculture effect water use efficiency of organic arable crops in a positive way. In addition, organic management practices also decrease pollution in water effluent as the main pollutants like mineral nitrogen and pesticides are banned. An additional strength of organic farming systems is their diversity – including the diversity of crops, fields, rotations, landscapes and farm activities. The high level of diversity of organic farms provides many ecological services that significantly enhance farm resilience. Positive effects of enhanced biodiversity on pest and disease as well as on better utilization of soil nutrients and water prevention are well documented. Genetic diversity of crops is generally considered a fundamental resource for adaptation and therefore crucial for the stability of food supply. As resilience and robustness to environmental stress are multigenetic characteristics, the in situ conservation and on-farm breeding are likely to be more successful than genetic engineering. There are many initiatives by plant and animal breeders in the context of organic farms. To conclude, organic agriculture is a productive agro-ecosystem which might be very resilient and adaptive to climate change scenarios. %0 Book %A Niggli, Urs %A Schmid, Heinz %A Fliessbach, Andreas %D 2008 %F orgprints:13414 %I International Trade Centre (ITC), Geneva %K organic farming, climate change, Nachhaltigkeitsanalyse %T Organic Farming and Climate Change %U http://orgprints.org/13414/ %X This publication concludes that organic agriculture has much to offer in both mitigation of climate change through its emphasis on closed nutrient cycles and is a particularly resilient and productive system for adaptation strategies. It also raises the issue of whether organic agriculture should be eligible for carbon credits under voluntary carbon offsetting markets and the Clean Development Mechanism. %0 Conference Paper %A Niggli, Urs %A Slabe, Anamaija %A Schmid, Otto %A Halberg, Niels %A Schlüter, Marco %D 2008 %F orgprints:13513 %K Organic farming, research, technoloy platform, FiBLOWC2008 %T Food, Fairness & Ecology: An organic research agenda for a sustainable future %U http://orgprints.org/13513/ %X The European Union Group of the International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements (IFOAM EU Group) and the International Society of Organic Agriculture Research (ISOFAR) are developing a strategic research agenda focussing on ecological intensification, on sustainable rural regions, on high quality food for healthy nutrition and on ethical values of people vis-à-vis technology development in food production. The strategic research agenda (currently in its second draft, Niggli et al., 2008a) invites farmers, processors, traders, NGOs and scientists to debate on how practice and science should co-operate on future innovation. The final goal of the debate is a widely supported technology platform for organic agriculture and beyond. %0 Generic %A Niggli, Urs %A Slabe, Anamarija %A Schmid, Otto %A Halberg, Niels %A Schlüter, Marco %D 2008 %F orgprints:13439 %K Forschungskommunikation, Technology Platform, Organic farming research, research communication %T Vision for an Organic Food and Farming Research Agenda 2025. Organic Knowledge for the Future. %U http://orgprints.org/13439/ %X The 'Vision for an Organic Food and Farming Research Agenda to 2025' was prepared between June 2007 and August 2008 on the basis of wideranging discussions with farmers’ organizations, scientists, organic traders and retailers, and EU-wide umbrella organizations representing a variety of commercial, non-commercial and civil interests. The Vision Paper i) shows the strengths and weaknesses of organic food and farming, ii) identifies five global and European challenges and trends on which food and farming research should focus, iii) groups the strategic priorities of future research and iv) highlights a large number of specific research activities for the future. The potential for innovation on the basis of organic knowledge is considerable and its potential impact on public goods and services as well as on markets is also great. However, current spending on research and dissemination does not adequately reflect this potential. The paper is intended to show the way towards a European organic food and farming research agenda that will help to meet the major challenges of the next twenty years. Parallel to the process of developing the Vision paper, a Technology Platform entitled “Organics” was established with a focus on sustainable food systems and public goods, and will be officially launched in autumn 2008. %0 Book %A Niggli, Urs %A Slabe, Anamarija %A Schmid, Otto %A Halberg, Niels %A Schlüter, Marco %C Brussels %D 2008 %E TP Organics, TPO %F orgprints:17214 %I TP Organics %K 08OE207 %T Vision Research Agenda to 2025 %U http://orgprints.org/17214/ %X The TP Organics Vision Research Agenda was prepared between June 2007 and July 2008 on the basis of wide-ranging discussions with farmers’ organizations, scientists, organic traders and retailers, and EU-wide umbrella organizations representing a variety of commercial, non-commercial and civil interests. Up to now, research projects and national framework programmes on organic agriculture have addressed immediate technology gaps in organic agriculture and food production. This Vision has been politically expedient and has given rise to a greater number of producers and professional skills for the task of serving unexpectedly fast growing consumer driven markets. Thus, many organic research projects had a short term perspective only. In contrast to this, our vision takes a long-term perspective on the research needs of organic agriculture and food systems. The three strategic research priorities presented in the vision focus in particular on the inconsistencies between economy, ecology and social cohesion in agriculture and food production and propose research activities and insightful learning concepts for organic and other farming systems. %0 Book %A Niggli, Urs %A Slabe, Anamarija %A Schmid, Otto %A Halberg, Niels %A Schlüter, Marco %C Ljubljana %D 2008 %E TP Organics, TPO %F orgprints:16693 %I Inštitut za trajnostni razvoj %K 08OE207 %T Vizija za raziskovalni program za ekoživila in ekološko kmetijstvo do leta 2025 %U http://orgprints.org/16693/ %X The TP Organics Vision Research Agenda was prepared between June 2007 and July 2008 on the basis of wide-ranging discussions with farmers’ organizations, scientists, organic traders and retailers, and EU-wide umbrella organizations representing a variety of commercial, non-commercial and civil interests. Up to now, research projects and national framework programmes on organic agriculture have addressed immediate technology gaps in organic agriculture and food production. This Vision has been politically expedient and has given rise to a greater number of producers and professional skills for the task of serving unexpectedly fast growing consumer driven markets. Thus, many organic research projects had a short term perspective only. In contrast to this, our vision takes a long-term perspective on the research needs of organic agriculture and food systems. The three strategic research priorities presented in the vision focus in particular on the inconsistencies between economy, ecology and social cohesion in agriculture and food production and propose research activities and insightful learning concepts for organic and other farming systems. %0 Book %A Niggli, Urs %A Slabe, Anamarija %A Schmid, Otto %A Halberg, Niels %A Schlüter, Marco %C Brussels %D 2008 %E TP Organics, TPO %F orgprints:17207 %I TP Organics %K 08OE207 %T Forschungsvision 2025 für die ökologische Land- und Lebensmittelwirtschaft %U http://orgprints.org/17207/ %X The TP Organics Vision Research Agenda was prepared between June 2007 and July 2008 on the basis of wide-ranging discussions with farmers’ organizations, scientists, organic traders and retailers, and EU-wide umbrella organizations representing a variety of commercial, non-commercial and civil interests. Up to now, research projects and national framework programmes on organic agriculture have addressed immediate technology gaps in organic agriculture and food production. This Vision has been politically expedient and has given rise to a greater number of producers and professional skills for the task of serving unexpectedly fast growing consumer driven markets. Thus, many organic research projects had a short term perspective only. In contrast to this, our vision takes a long-term perspective on the research needs of organic agriculture and food systems. The three strategic research priorities presented in the vision focus in particular on the inconsistencies between economy, ecology and social cohesion in agriculture and food production and propose research activities and insightful learning concepts for organic and other farming systems. %0 Conference Paper %A Niskanen, Suvi %A Raussi, Satu %A Veissier, Isabelle %A Kaihilahti, Jutta %A Hänninen, Laura %A Hepola, Helena %A Jauhiainen, Lauri %D 2008 %F orgprints:16434 %I International Society for Applied Ethology %K social behaviour, calves %P 6 %T Development of social behaviour and importance of social relations in calves %U http://orgprints.org/16434/ %X We concluded that the preference for peers met at two weeks of age can be seen in proximity of the calves. However, calves can form stable relations at least until the age of 14 weeks. These relations reduce aggressive behaviour, activity and frequency of vocalization, and help calves to cope with new and potentially stressful situations. %0 Conference Paper %A Nobili, Dr. F %A Finotti, Dr. E %A Foddai, MS %A Azzini, E %A Garaguso, I %A Raguzzini, A %A Tisselli, Dr. V %A Piazza, Dr. C %A Maiani, Dr. G %D 2008 %F orgprints:11902 %K Organic tomato, nutritional quality, carotens, poliphenols, TEER %T Bioactive compounds in tomatoes: effect of organic vs conventional management in Parma in 2006 %U http://orgprints.org/11902/ %X External and internal factors such as variety, season, location, ripening, growing conditions, technological and domestic processes could affect the content of bioactive compounds in food. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of different agronomical practices (organic vs conventional) on the nutritional quality of tomatoes. Fresh tomatoes (cv. Perfectpeel), cultivated under organic and conventional practices were analysed for vitamin C, lycopene, -carotene, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, coumaric acid, naringenin, rutin, quercetin, Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) and Ferric Reducing Ability of Plasma (FRAP). CaCO2 monolayer cell cultures were used for testing membrane damage by Trans Epithelial Electrical Resistance(TEER). Results showed that for lycopene, naringenin and rutin no significant differences were observed. For -carotene and coumaric acid significantly higher values were found in organic samples. Values of vitamin C, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, quercetin and TAC were significantly higher in conventional tomato, but the FRAP values were significantly higher in organic tomato. The observed TEER values were not significant different between organic and conventional tomato. %0 Generic %A Noe, Egon %A Alrøe, Hugo F. %A Langvad, Anne Mette S. %D 2008 %F orgprints:15580 %N 1 %P 1-15 %T A polyocular framework for research on multifunctional farming and rural development %U http://orgprints.org/15580/ %V 48 %X The paradox of multifunctionality is that, on the one hand, the specialized functionalities of agriculture only arise because of the functional differentiation of social systems and scientific disciplines and, on the other hand, multifunctionality can only enter as a way to mediate between conflicts, interests and fragmented knowledge when different functions and observations of functions combine. The aim of this paper is to contribute to a theoretical and methodological platform for multidisciplinary research on multifunctional farming. With the notions of polyocular cognition and polyocular communication we introduce a second order, interdisciplinary communication process that can meet the challenge of creating a shared view on multifunctional farming. Polyocular communication must be based on other rules than the rules of the involved disciplines. Whereas disciplinary communication is about providing consistent, efficient and precise knowledge in the context of a sharply delimited research world, polyocular communication is about extending a multidimensional space of understanding. %0 Conference Paper %A Noelting, Dr. Benjamin %D 2008 %F orgprints:12283 %K social conditions, development of organic agriculture, education-consulting-knowledge transfer, consumer protection, sustainable development %T The German organic sector from the perspective of social-ecological research on agriculture and nutrition %U http://orgprints.org/12283/ %X Social-ecological research analyses agriculture and nutrition from the perspective of sustainable development. This interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary approach embeds the organic sector in a broad societal and ecological context, integrating normative aspects into its research methodology. New insights from six German research projects are presented. %0 Conference Paper %A Nordlund, Elsebeth %A Egelyng, Henrik %D 2008 %F orgprints:11579 %K Brazil, Organic Agriculture, farmers' rationales, barriers, opportunities, certification %P 462-465 %T Perceived Constraints and Opportunities for Brazilian Smallholders Going Organic: a case of coffee in the state of Minas Gerais %U http://orgprints.org/11579/ %V 2 %X This paper presents the findings of an analysis of the perceived rationales of smallholders for declining or entering organically certified coffee production, in the case Poço Fundo region, Minas Gerais. Based on group interviews and questionnaires, the rationale for farmers who declined organic production were found to be avoidance of perceived risk of harvest failure associated with the process of convertion from conventional to organic coffee production. Rationales for farmers who entered organic production included non-market benefits such as environmental quality and life quality enhancement. %0 Generic %A Nyberg, Anna %A Lindén, Börje %D 2008 %F orgprints:13071 %K efterverkan, åkerbönor, faba beans, residual effects %T Åkerbönor som förfrukt till vårsäd i ekologiskodling %U http://orgprints.org/13071/ %X Åkerbönor som förfrukt till vårsäd i ekologiskodling I åtta 3-åriga fältförsök i Västsverige, 2002-2006, har åkerbönors förfruktseffekt undersökts i två års efterföljande vårsäd. Det första året odlades havre, åkerböna som skördades och åkerböna som ej skördades utan hela grödan plöjdes ned. I två fältförsök fanns även motsvarande led med skördad och inte skördad ärt, dessa användes vid inkuberingsförsöket. Havren gödslades det första året med 72 kg NH4-N/ha i form av flytgödsel. Grödresterna av den skördade grödan och hela den inte skördade grödan plöjdes ned i mitten av oktober. Under det andra året odlades vårkorn och det tredje havre. Skördarna i alla försöksrutor mättes genom försökströskning. Vid mognad DC 91-92 klipptes tre 0,25 m2 stora ytor i varje ruta. Ur den klippta grödan bestämdes förhållandet mellan halm och kärnor, bönor eller ärtor. I dessa fraktioner analyserades kväveinnehållet samt för halm även kolinnehållet för beräkning av kol/kväve-kvoten. För beräkning av vårkornets och havrens totala kvävemängd antogs att kväveinnehållet i rötterna var 25% av grödans totala kväve-innehåll (Hansson et al., 1987). Markens kväveinnehåll ner till 90 cm djup bestämdes vid fyra olika tillfällen. Första året när grödorna var fullmogna och innan plöjning vid mitten av oktober. År två i mitten av april samt vid vårkornets mognad. Under det tredje året togs inga kväveprofiler. Två inkubationsstudier utfördes för att studera förfrukternas effekt på kvävemineralisering och immobilisering från skörd av förfrukterna år 1 till våren år 2. Jord- och halmprover togs ut rutvis strax efter skörd i tre försök. I plastflaskor inkuberades jord och jord-halm blandningar från de olika grödorna. Halm/jord blandningen bestämdes i förhållande till den biologiska halmskörden i varje gröda och försök med antagandet att halmen blandades in i ett 7 cm tjockt jordlager. Plastflaskorna placerades i ytlagret på ett fält i Västsverige och täcktes med ett jordlager. Varje flaska hade ett ventilationsrör som mynnade ca 30 cm ovanför markytan. Genom placeringen i fält utsattes flaskorna för den naturliga temperaturvariationen. I den första inkuberingen ingick material från två fältförsök och i den andra endast från ett. Den första inkuberingen genomfördes 2003-10-10 till 2004-04-29 och den andra 2004-10-08 till 2005-04-28. Jordens kväveinnehåll i flaskorna bestämdes vid fem olika tidpunkter under inkubationsperioden. Medelskördarna av åkerbönor och havre år 1 var 2710 kg ts/ha respektive 3050 kg ts/ha. Första efterverkansåret var skördarna av vårkorn störst efter den inte skördade åkerbönan, 4470 kg/ha (15% vattenhalt). Skörden efter den skördade åkerbönan var 3630 kg/ha och med havre som förfrukt 2980 kg/ha. Det var signifikant större skörd, 650 kg/ha, efter skördade åkerbönor och efter inte skördade åkerbönor, 1490 kg/ha, i jämförelse med efter havre. Det andra efterverkansåret fanns det inga signifikanta skillnader i havreskörden. Kväveinnehållet i marken var i mitten av oktober, år 1, 29 kg N/ha efter havre, 46 kg N/ha efter skördade åkerbönor och 49 kg N/ ha efter de inte skördade åkerbönorna. Det var signifikant mer kväve i jorden efter åkerbönorna i jämförelse med havre. Under vintern ökade kväveinnehållet fastän det även bör ha skett förluster. I mitten av april var kväveinnehållet efter havre 40 kg N/ha. Jämfört med havren var det signifikant mer kväve efter skördade åkerbö-nor, 18 kg N/ha, och efter inte skördade åkerbönor, 29 kg N/ha. Under växtodlingssäsongen minskade markkvävet till 22-24 kg N/ha efter havre och skördade åkerbönor medan det efter inte skördade åkerbönor fanns 32 kg N/ha kvar. Mängden kväve i vårkornet inklusive 25% i rötterna vid DC 91-92 var för havre 74 kg, skördade åkerbönor, 94 kg och för inte skördade (nedplöjda) åkerbönor, 119 kg. Kväveefterverkan efter de skördade åkerbönorna blev alltså 20 kg N/ha och efter de inte skördade 45kg N/ha i jämförelse med havre. Mineralkvävebestämningarna på våren och vid fullmognad (DC 91-92) år 2 samt grödprov-tagningen vid det senare tillfället utnyttjades för att beräkna förfrukternas inverkan på kväve-mineraliseringstillskotten under växtsäsongen enligt följande formel (Lindén et al., 1992): Nnet=Nväxt+Nmd-Nmv, där Nnet=Beräknad nettomineralisering av kväve under växtperioden (tidig vår – full- mognad), Nväxt=Kväve i grödan vid fullmognad (= utnyttjbart jord- och förfruktskväve under växtsäsongen), Nmd=Mineralkväve i marken (0-90 cm) vid fullmognad, Nmv=Mineralkväve i marken (0-90 cm) tidigt på våren. Beräknad nettomineralisering av kväve under växtperioden var efter havre, 57 kg N/ha, efter skördade åkerbönor 60 kg N/ha och efter inte skördade åkerbönor 83 kg N/ha. Den lilla skillnaden i kvävemineralisering efter havre och skördade åkerbönor tyder på att kväveeffekten av åkerbönsgrödan huvudsakligen berodde på att mer övervintrat mineralkväve var tillgängligt i marken. Under år 3 odlades havre och kväveinnehållet i grödan vid DC 91-92 visade inte på några skillnader beroende av havre eller åkerböna som förförfrukt. Inkuberingsstudien visade att inte bara havre- utan även åkerbönshalmen gav upphov till kväveimmobilisering under inkubationstiden. Detta kan förklaras av den höga C/N-kvoten i halmen av havre och åkerböna, 43 respektive 80. Hos åkerbönorna upphörde nettoimmobiliseringen vid tiden för vinterns ankomst. Hos havren pågick kvävefastläggning, uppenbarligen ända fram till inkubationsperiodens avslutning i slutet av april. Detta var i överensstämmelse med mineralkväveförrådens storlek i fältförsöken på våren, där det fanns mindre mineralkväve efter förfrukt havre än efter de skördade åkerbönorna. Av både inkubationsstudierna och fältförsöken att döma tycks åkerbönornas och ärternas positiva N-efterverkan till den övervägande delen bero på större mineralkväveförråd i marken på våren än med havre som förfrukt. Skillnaderna i mineralkvävemängderna uppkom i hög grad redan vid åkerbönornas och ärternas mognad och under hösten. Sammanfattningsvis var det stora efterverkans effekter på kvävetillgången och skörden av vårkorn där hela åkerbönsgrödan plöjdes ned. Kväveefterverkan motsvarade ungefär 18% av kvävet i den nedplöjda åkerbönskörden. Det var mindre kväveefterverkan efter de skördade åkerbönorna. Dessa båda baljväxtgrödors kväveefterverkan är därför avhängig av, i vilken utsträckning mineralkvävet finns kvar inom rotzonen under den efterföljande våren. Det fanns inga signifikanta skillnader i efterverkan det andra efterverkansåret. %0 Thesis %A Nykänen, Arja %D 2008 %F orgprints:13524 %I MTT Agrifood Research Finland %K biological nitrogen fixation, mineral nitrogen, modelling, nitrogen use efficiency %T Nitrogen dynamics of organic farming in a crop rotation based on red clover (Trifolium pratense) leys %U http://orgprints.org/13524/ %X In agricultural systems which rely on organic sources of nitrogen (N), of which the primary source is biological N fixation (BNF), it is extremely important to use N as efficiently as possible with minimal losses to the environment. The amount of N through BNF should be maximised and the availability of the residual N after legumes should be synchronised to the subsequent plant needs in the crop rotation. Six field experiments in three locations in Finland were conducted in 1994-2006 to determine the productivity and amount of BNF in red clover-grass leys of different ages. The residual effects of the leys for subsequent cereals as well as the N leaching risk were studied by field measurements and by simulation using the CoupModel. N use efficiency (NUE) and N balances were also calculated. The yields of red clover-grass leys were highest in the two-year-old leys (6700 kg/ha) under study, but the differences between 2- and 3-year old leys were not high in most cases. BNF (90 kg/ha in harvested biomass) correlated strongly with red clover dry matter yield, as the proportion of red clover N derived from the atmosphere (>85%) was high in our conditions of organically farmed field with low soil mineral N. A red clover content of over 40 % in dry matter is targeted to avoid negative N-balances and to gain N for the subsequent crop. Surprisingly, the leys had no significant effect on the yields and N uptake of the two subsequent cereals (winter rye or spring wheat, followed by spring oats). On the other hand, yield and C:N of leys, as well as BNF-N and total-N incorporated into the soil influenced on subsequent cereal yields. NUE of cereals from incorporated ley crop residues was rather high, varying from 30 % to 80 % (mean 48 %). The mineral N content of soil in the profile of 0-90 cm was low, mainly 15-30 kg/ha. Simulations of N dynamics by CoupModel functioned satisfactorily and is considered a useful tool to estimate N flows in cropping systems relying on organic N sources. Understanding the long-term influence of cultivation history and soil properties on N dynamics remains to be a challenge to further research. %0 Generic %A Nykänen, Arja %A Jauhiainen, Lauri %A Kemppainen, Jukka %A Lindström, Kristina %D 2008 %F orgprints:16628 %I MTT Agrifood Research Finland %K biological nitrogen fixation, geostatistics, kriging, pH, red clover, leys, spatial variation, soil nutrients %N 4 %P 376-393 %T Field-scale spatial variation in yields and nitrogen fixation of clover-grass leys and in soil nutrients %U http://orgprints.org/16628/ %V 17 %X Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) plays a crucial role in organic farming and red clover (Trifolium pratense) is cultivated widely in boreal grasslands for BNF. A geostatistical method, model-based kriging, was used to determine the spatial variation in yield, clover content and BNF of clover-grass leys as well as soil chemical properties throughout two fields in 2004-2006. Based on this variation, principal component analysis (PCA) was used to determine the similar patterns of variation. On one location, total dry matter yields of the leys decreased over three production years from 9 700 to 4 100 kg ha-1, clover content from 53 to 26% and BNF from 150 to 40 kg N ha-1, whereas on the other location the yields increased from 6 500 to 7 100 kg ha-1, clover content from 52 to 62% and BNF from 100 to 120 kg N ha-1. Nutrient concentrations in soil also varied greatly within the fields, although this depended on the nutrient species. Kriging combined with PCA described the spatial variation of ley parameters very informatively, but was not as powerful for describing the pattern of nutrients. Based on the spatial dependence determined in the two fields investigated, it seems that the sampling distance should be 80 m for soil nutrients, 100 m for yield and 60 m for clover content and BNF determination, respectively. %0 Conference Paper %A Oberholtzer, Lydia %A Dimitri, Carolyn %A Lohr, Luanne %D 2008 %F orgprints:11426 %K U.S., organic handlers, market outlets, multinomial logit model. %T Factors Affecting Market Outlet Use by U.S. Organic Handlers %U http://orgprints.org/11426/ %X The U.S. organic sector has expanded rapidly over the last decade, resulting in significant changes throughout the supply chain. Intermediaries need to move greater quantities of organic food to a growing numbers of retailers. As organic sales continue to increase, intermediaries marketing to several types of outlets may be better placed to adapt to changing market conditions. Data from a survey of U.S. organic handlers is used to identify which characteristics are associated with the number of marketing outlets handlers serve. The analysis finds that handlers with a greater share of organic sales and those certified organic longer are more likely to sell in more than one market outlet, while those selling products locally and regionally rely on fewer outlets. %0 Generic %A Oehen, Bernadette %A Früh, Barbara %D 2008 %F orgprints:18681 %K Vitmanin B2 Projekt, Futtermittel, Zusatzstoffe, GVO, GMO, organic food %T Alternativen zum Einsatz von synthetischem Vitamin B2 oder Vitamin B2 aus GVO Derivaten. FiBL-Empfehlung zur Vitamin B2-Problematik in der Biofuttermittelproduktion. %U http://orgprints.org/18681/ %X Aus dem einleitenden Kapitel: In allen Bereichen der konventionellen Lebens- und Futtermittelherstellung wird Vitamin B2 als GVO-Derivat, welches im Fermenter mit Hilfe von Bacillus subtilis hergestellt wird, eingesetzt. Die Produktionen unter Biolabels bilden hier eine Ausnahme. Im vorliegenden Bericht und im Projekt haben sich die Autorinnen mit der Vitamin-B2-Problematik befasst. %0 Conference Paper %A Oelofse, M. %A Høgh-Jensen, H. %D 2008 %F orgprints:11662 %K sustainable livelihoods organic agriculture agricultural research %T The sustainable livelihoods approach: A frame for furthering our understanding of organic farming systems %U http://orgprints.org/11662/ %X The rapid development of organic agriculture on a global scale has led to an increased inclusion of producers in developing and transitional countries in the organic food chain. In order to enhance the theoretical frame for the analysis and understanding of the impact that inclusion in the organic food chain has on producers and their families, an analysis was conducted of the use of the Sustainable Livelihoods Approach (SLA). The SLA provides a holistic and integrative approach which researchers can use as the overriding frame for their research. The application of the approach is recommended as it enables us to maintain important elements of the sustainability vision, yet emphasises that a number of assets influence farmers’ livelihoods and it maintains the focus on salience, legitimacy, and credibility in the research. %0 Conference Paper %A Offermann, Frank %A Nieberg, Hiltrud %A Hecht, Judtih %D 2008 %F orgprints:19331 %K differentiated payment levels, efficiency, cost-effectiveness, standard cost approach, rural development schemes, agri-environmental measures, Sozio-Ökonomie %T Potential of differentiated payment levels based on standard cost approaches: A case study of selected rural development measures in Germany %U http://orgprints.org/19331/ %X In accordance with EU regulations, payment levels for several measures of rural development programs are calculated on the basis of standard cost approaches, using 'typical’ or average figures for costs incurred and income forgone. Resulting uniform payment rates have been frequently discussed and criticised as being inefficient, having a low cost-effectiveness and generating excessive windfall profits. However, few empirical studies exist which quantitatively examine potentials of a more differentiated standard cost approach. By using German farm accountancy data, this study analyses effects of a payment differentiation according to regional and farm individual characteristics on producer rents, budget expenditures and economic efficiency. Preliminary results show that though overcompensation could be reduced in most cases, savings in budget expenditure are often small and might be even offset by increasing administration costs. Generally our analysis indicates that potential benefits of differentiated standard cost approaches can be partly exploited if a) variances of the cost of participation in the universe of farms are high and the discriminatory natures of differentiation are significant, and b) positive correlations between costs and environmental benefits are strong. %0 Conference Paper %A Öhlinger, B. %A Spornberger, A. %A Keppel, H. %D 2008 %E Boos, Markus %F orgprints:13656 %K peach, organic, cultivar, quality, Taphrina deformans %P 123-126 %T Suitability of peach and nectarine cultivars for organic production under pannonic climate conditions in Austria %U http://orgprints.org/13656/ %X The suitability of nectarine and peach cultivars for organic production was examined in a field experiment in the experimental orchard of the institute in Vienna. Therefore, fifteen cultivars including Redhaven as standard cultivar were planted in 2003 and cultivated organically. Characteristics of the cultivars, such as blossom, growth, yield and susceptibility to frost damage and diseases (Taphrina deformans and Monilinia ssp.) were examined. Furthermore, fruit quality characteristics were checked in the laboratory. The results of growth, yield, susceptibility to damages and diseases and fruit quality showed significant differences among the cultivars. ‘Redhaven’, ‘Sweethaven’, ‘Redcal’, ‘Benedikte’ and ‘Mireille’ can be recommended for organic production regarding the results of susceptibility of peach diseases. ‘Red Robin’, ‘Royal Glory’ and “Nectared 6’ can partly be recommended. ‘Weingartenpfirsich Eibesthal’, ‘Sunglo’, ‘Diamond Princess’, Early Devil’ and ‘Royal Gem’ seem to be unsuitable for commercial organic production. %0 Conference Paper %A Olabiyi, T.I. %A Okusanya, A.O. %A Harris, P.J.C. %D 2008 %F orgprints:11713 %K Export, Nigeria, market opportunities, organic food, organic beverages %T Accessing the World Market for Organic Food and Beverages from Nigeria %U http://orgprints.org/11713/ %X A study in 2005-2006 assessed the opportunities for and constraints to Nigeria accessing the international organic market. The study comprised semi-structured interviews with agricultural produce exporters and government officials in Nigeria, and with representatives of certification agencies in the UK, and focus group discussions with farmers’ groups in Ogun State, Nigeria. Fresh and canned pineapple and mango, ginger, and herbs and spices were ranked as having very high potential for Nigeria in the international market. Fruit juice concentrates, palm oil, cashew nuts, honey and cotton were among those products classified as high potential. Constraints identified included lack of awareness of organic farming techniques, high certification costs, lack of institutional support, enabling policies, infrastructure, and marketing facilities, limited access to capital and inability to capture economies of scale. %0 Conference Paper %A Olayide, Dr Olawale %A Alene, Dr Arega %A Ikpi,