?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.title=The+impact+of+organic+farming+on+food+security+in+a+regional+and+global+perspective&rft.creator=Halberg%2C+Niels&rft.creator=Sulser%2C+Timothy+B.&rft.creator=H%C3%83%C2%B8gh-Jensen%2C+Henning&rft.creator=Rosegrant%2C+Mark+W.&rft.creator=Knudsen%2C+Marie+Trydeman&rft.subject=+Food+security%2C+food+quality+and+human+health&rft.subject=+Food+systems&rft.description=The+spread+of+organic+and+agro-ecological+farming+(OF)+methods+in+developing+countries+has+raised+a+debate+whether+a+large+scale+adoption+of+OF+will+increase+or+decrease+global+food+security.+This+will+however+depend+on+a+number+of+socio-economic+factors+together+with+the+relative+yield+levels+of+OF+versus+conventional+farming+systems.+Relative+yields+again+depend+on+a+number+of+agro+ecological+factors+and+the+characteristics+of+farming+systems+before+conversion.%0D%0A%0D%0AIn+areas+with+intensive+high-input+agriculture%2C+conversion+to+OF+will+most+often+lead+to+a+reduction+in+crop+yields+per+ha+by+20-45+%25+in+crop+rotations+integrated+with+leguminous+forage+crops.+In+many+areas+with+low+input+agricultural+systems+farmers+have+little+incentive+or+access+to+use+chemical+fertiliser+and+pesticides%2C+and+yields+may+increase+when+agro+ecological+principles+are+introduced.%0D%0A%0D%0AWhile+present+food+production+in+theory+is+sufficient+to+cover+the+energy+and+protein+needs+of+the+global+population+there+are+still+more+than+740+million+food+insecure+people%2C+the+majority+of+whom+live+in+South+Asia+and+Africa+South+of+Sahara+(SSA).+This+number+will+only+decrease+over+the+next+20+years+if+the+present+policies+are+changed.+The+food+policy+model+IMPACT+was+used+to+project+possible+effects+on+food+security+of+a+large+scale+conversion+to+OF+in+Europe%2FNorth+America+(E%2FNA)+and+SSA.+Results+indicate+that+a+conversion+of+approximately+50+%25+of+E%2FNA+agricultural+area+will+have+a+6-10+%25+impact+on+world+prices+on+(non-meat)+agricultural+commodities+under+the+assumptions+of+35+%25+lower+OF+yields+after+conversion+and+50+%25+higher+yield+growth+rates+compared+with+conventional+crop+yields.+The+indirect+effect+on+food+security+in+SSA+would+be+very+small+up+scaling+experiences+from+case+studies+into+scenarios+for+conversion+of+50+%25+of+agricultural+area+in+SSA+results+in+increased+self-sufficiency+and+decreased+net+food+import+to+the+region.+Given+the+assumption+of+higher+relative+yields+in+most+organic+crops+compared+with+existing+low+input+agriculture%2C+there+is+potential+for+improving+local+food+security+in+SSA+if+non-certified+OF+is+supported+by+capacity+building+and+research.+More+knowledge+is+needed%2C+however%2C+to+confirm+that+these+optimistic+results+of+non-certified+OF+apply+to+large+areas+in+SSA+and+other+regions+with+low+input+agriculture.&rft.publisher=CABI+Publishing&rft.contributor=Halberg%2C+Niels&rft.contributor=Alr%C3%83%C2%B8e%2C+Hugo+Fjelsted&rft.contributor=Knudsen%2C+Marie+Trydeman&rft.contributor=Kristensen%2C+Erik+Steen&rft.date=2006&rft.type=Book+chapter&rft.type=NonPeerReviewed&rft.format=application%2Fpdf&rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Forgprints.org%2F9209%2F1%2F9209.pdf&rft.identifier=Halberg%2C+Niels%3B+Sulser%2C+Timothy+B.%3B+H%C3%83%C2%B8gh-Jensen%2C+Henning%3B+Rosegrant%2C+Mark+W.+and+Knudsen%2C+Marie+Trydeman+(2006)+The+impact+of+organic+farming+on+food+security+in+a+regional+and+global+perspective.+In%3A+Halberg%2C+Niels%3B+Alr%C3%83%C2%B8e%2C+Hugo+Fjelsted%3B+Knudsen%2C+Marie+Trydeman+and+Kristensen%2C+Erik+Steen+(Eds.)+Global+Development+of+Organic+Agriculture%3A+Challenges+and+Prospects%2C+CABI+Publishing%2C+chapter+10%2C+pp.+277-322.&rft.relation=http%3A%2F%2Forgprints.org%2F9209%2F