?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.title=Efficient+use+of+animal+manures+within+an+upland+organic+system+(OF0187)&rft.creator=Keatinge%2C+Ray&rft.subject=+Pasture+and+forage+crops&rft.subject=Farm+nutrient+management&rft.subject=+Animal+husbandry&rft.description=This+is+the+final+report+of+Defra+project+OF0187.+The+attached+report+starts+with+a+detailed+Executive+Summary%2C+from+which+this+text+is+a+short+extract.%0D%0AThe+aim+of+this+experiment+(1999-2001)+was+to+investigate+the+agronomic+effects+of+applying+treated+and+untreated+farmyard+manure+and+slurry+to+an+organically+managed%2C+upland+clover%2Fryegrass+pasture.+Seven+main+treatments+were+imposed+in+a+split+plot%2C+randomised+complete+block+design%2C+simulating+inputs+from+organic+and+conventional+systems+at+ADAS+Redesdale.+The+main+treatments+were%3B+composted+(Treatment+A)+and+uncomposted+(B)+FYM%3B+aerated+(C)+and+unaerated+(D)+cattle+slurry%3B+ammonium+nitrate+(E)%3B+and+a+zero+nitrogen+control+(F).+A+further+control+treatment+(G)%2C+to+which+slurry+was+applied+only+in+1996%2C+was+added+to+provide+a+common+control+treatment+during+an+earlier+phase+of+the+experiment.+Target+application+rates+were+150+kg+total+N%2Fha+for+untreated+slurry+and+FYM+treatments.+Following+aeration%2C+the+same+volume+of+slurry+as+for+the+unaerated+slurry+treatments+was+applied.+Allowing+for+losses%2C+composted+FYM+was+applied+at+a+rate+calculated+to+supply+80%25+(120+kg%2Fha)+of+total+N+compared+to+the+untreated+FYM+treatment.+Ammonium+nitrate+was+used+as+a+conventional+control+treatment%2C+applied+at+an+annual+rate+of++240+kg%2FN%2Fha.+%0D%0ATo+determine+the+effect+of+phosphate+and+potash%2C+one+half+of+the+plots+were+supplemented+when+soil+levels+of+these+nutrients+fell+below+theoretically+optimum+levels.+Highland+Slag+and+Seagreen+K+were+used+as+organic+sources+of+P+and+K%2C+while+muriate+of+potash+and+superphosphate+were+used+on+the+conventionally+managed+plots.+Application+rates+were+based+on+the+results+of+soil+analysis%2C+according+to+standard+recommendations+for+organic+(Glenside+Organics%2C+Ltd)+and+conventional+(Anon.+2000)+production.+%0D%0AOverall%2C+the+results+indicate+that+high+clover+swards+and+the+return+of+major+nutrients+in+slurry+and+FYM+can+support+a+high+level+of+productivity+from+an+organically+managed+pasture%2C+without+the+requirement+for+exogenous+fertiliser+inputs.+Under+a+conservation+system+of+management%2C+it+was+clear+that+soil+potassium+could+be+a+major+limiting+factor+to+herbage+yield.+However%2C+FYM%2Fslurry+maintained+an+acceptable+concentration+of+herbage+K%2C+despite+a+Soil+Index+of+0%2F1.+The+information+generated+on+nutrient+cycling%2C+on+output+and+other+measures+of+productivity+raises+questions+as+to+the+optimum+level+of+soil+nutrients+required+for+organic+production%2C+the+role+of+soil+microbial+activity+and+the+potential+to+better+exploit+composted+FYM.+The+balance+of+crop+offtake+from+more+modest+yields%2C+with+nutrients+released+from+the+soil%2C+may+dictate+that+high+levels+of+extractable+nutrients+in+the+soil+may+not+be+a+prerequisite+for+good+performance+from+an+organic+system.%0D%0A&rft.date=2001&rft.type=Report&rft.type=NonPeerReviewed&rft.format=application%2Fpdf&rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Forgprints.org%2F8173%2F1%2FOF0187_2158_FRP.pdf&rft.identifier=Keatinge%2C+Ray+(2001)+Efficient+use+of+animal+manures+within+an+upland+organic+system+(OF0187).&rft.relation=http%3A%2F%2Forgprints.org%2F8173%2F