?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.title=Fruit+growing%3A+fertilization%2C+fruit+quality%2C+crop+protection%2C+hedgerows%2C+biodiversity&rft.subject=Crop+health%2C+quality%2C+protection&rft.subject=+Biodiversity+and+ecosystem+services&rft.subject=+Soil+quality&rft.description=A+survey+has+been+carried+out+in+two+experimental+organic+orchards+located+at+the+INRA+experimental+station+of+Gotheron+near+Valence+(Southeastern+France).+The+program+also+associated+the+GRAB+(Groupe+de+Recherche+en+Agriculture+Biologique%2C+Avignon).+The+aims+were%3A(i)+to+acquire+references+about+peach+and+apple+organic+farming%3B+(ii)+to+improve+the+management+of+organic+orchards+by+integrating+some+results+of+previous+research%3B+and+(iii)+to+measure+on+the+long+term+the+effect+of+organic+farming+on+the+soil+and+on+the+arthropod+community+of+the+orchard.%0D%0ASoils+were+shallow+and+washed+out+stone+soils+presenting+low+pH%2C+low+organic+matter+content+and+low+CEC+(Cationic+Exchange+Capacity).+Both+orchards+had+been+organically+managed+since+planting%2C+realised+in+1994+for+the+apple+orchard+(Smoothee+2832+T(r)+cultivar)%2C+and+in+1999+for+the+peach+orchard+(B%C3%83%C2%A9n%C3%83%C2%A9dicte(r)+cultivar).+Several+parameters+measuring+the+growth+of+the+trees%2C+the+yield+and+the+fruit+quality+were+monitored.%0D%0AThe+low+ability+of+the+soil+to+store+and+supply+nutrients+to+fulfill+the+tree+requirements+implied%3A+(i)+to+use+appropriate+types+of+fertilizers%2C+such+as+compost+in+autumn%2C+with+additional+organic+fertilizers+which+quickly+mineralized+in+spring%3B+(ii)+to+decrease+the+dose+of+fertilizers+increasing+therefore+the+number+of+doses%3B+and+(iii)+to+make+additional+sprays+with+oligoelements+(Mn%2C+B)+in+apple+orchard.+This+strategy+allowed+to+increase+the+pH%2C+to+improve+the+organic+matter+soil+content+and+to+preserve+or+to+increase+the+availability+of+the+soil+nutrients.%0D%0APEACH+ORCHARD%0D%0AThe+yield+was+balanced+at+about+20+tons+per+ha+with+a+high+fruit+quality+(high+sugar+content%2C+well+balanced+sugar%2Facidity+ratio)%2C+that+was+favoured+by+a+water+supply+restriction+during+the+fruit+first+growth+stages.%0D%0AMost+probably+because+of+a+well-balanced+nutrition+and+because+of+a+non-disruptive+pest+management%2C+aphids+did+not+cause+any+damages%3A+the+green+peach+aphid+(Myzus+persicae)+was+very+seldom+monitored+and+Brachycaudus+persicae+did+not+affect+seriously+the+trees.+Most+of+all+other+pests+were+under+control%2C+using+mating+disruption+against+the+oriental+moth+(Cydia+molesta)%2C+sulphur+against+powdery+mildew+and+mineral+oils+in+winter+against+wintering+arthropods.+The+main+worrying+pest+was+leaf+curl+due+to+Taphrina+deformans.+With+a+susceptible+period+lasting+6+to+7+weeks+in+winter%2C+and+a+control+of+this+desease+relying+on+the+use+of+copper%2C+the+total+amount+of+this+compound+sprayed+in+one+year+can+be+high%2C+unless+the+cultivar+is+not+highly+susceptible.%0D%0AAPPLE+ORCHARD%0D%0AThe+yield+has+increased+regularly+since+planting+until+2000.+In+2001%2C+the+decrease+in+yield+was+most+probably+related+to+aphid+infestation+in+2000%2C+which+is+lileky+to+have+induced+biennal+bearing.+The+most+prevailing+pest+was+the+apple+rosy+aphid+(Dysaphis+plantaginea)+which+proved+to+be+very+difficult+to+control+and+could+damage+seriously+trees+and+fruits.+Granulosis+virus+was+sprayed+against+codling+moth+(Cydia+pomonella)%2C+which+allowed+to+control+the+level+of+wintering+populations+even+if+damages+at+harvest+were+sometimes+high+(from+4%25+to+14%25+total+fruit+damage+at+harvest+during+the+1995-2002+period).+Apple+scab+(Venturia+inaequalis)+was+satisfyingly+controlled+with+copper+before+blooming+and+then+with+sulphur+(less+than+1%25+fruit+damage+at+harvest)%2C+but+the+number+of+sprays%2C+in+spite+of+the+break+of+the+protection+after+the+end+of+the+primary+contamination%2C+remained+high+(from+10+to+15+treatments+per+year).+Apple+scab+resistant+cultivars+are+undoubtly+worth+to+optimize+organic+apple+farming.+The+populations+of+secondary+pests+did+not+increase+along+the+survey.%0D%0AThis+survey+allowed+to+point+out+critical+points+in+fruit+organic+farming%2C+above+all+in+pest+management%2C+and+to+propose+further+experiments+to+perfect+strategies+to+be+used+in+organic+orchards.+Effect+of+organic+farming+on+soil+and+arthropod+community+was+planned+to+be+checked+on+the+long+term%2C+during+the+2002-2004+period.%0D%0A&rft.type=Project+description&rft.type=NonPeerReviewed&rft.format=application%2Fpdf&rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Forgprints.org%2F7699%2F1%2FAbstract_INRA_Gotheron_2006.pdf&rft.identifier=%7BProject%7D+Fruit+growing%3A+fertilization%2C+fruit+quality%2C+crop+protection%2C+hedgerows%2C+biodiversity.+Runs+2000+-+2001.+Project+Leader(s)%3A+SIMON%2C+SYLVAINE.&rft.relation=http%3A%2F%2Forgprints.org%2F7699%2F