{
  "eprintid": "6980",
  "rev_number": "1",
  "eprint_status": "archive",
  "userid": "3935",
  "dir": "disk0/00/00/69/80",
  "datestamp": "2006-01-30",
  "lastmod": "2009-08-20 14:29:52",
  "status_changed": "2009-08-20 14:29:52",
  "type": "journalp",
  "metadata_visibility": "show",
  "item_issues_count": "0",
  "doclang": "en",
  "projects": [
    "fr-inra"
  ],
  "refereed": "yes",
  "budget": "0",
  "publicfulltext": "FALSE",
  "creators": [
    {
      "name": {
        "family": "D.",
        "given": "BAHUAUD"
      },
      "id": ""
    },
    {
      "name": {
        "family": "C.",
        "given": "MARTINEZ-ORTIZ DE MONTELLANO"
      },
      "id": ""
    },
    {
      "name": {
        "family": "S.",
        "given": "CHAUVEAU"
      },
      "id": ""
    },
    {
      "name": {
        "family": "F",
        "given": "PREVOT"
      },
      "id": ""
    },
    {
      "name": {
        "family": "F.",
        "given": "TORRES-ACOSTA"
      },
      "id": ""
    },
    {
      "name": {
        "family": "I.",
        "given": "FOURASTE"
      },
      "id": ""
    },
    {
      "name": {
        "family": "H.",
        "given": "HOSTE"
      },
      "id": ""
    }
  ],
  "title": "Effects of four tanniferous plant extracts on the in vitro exsheathment of third-stage larvae of parasitic nematodes",
  "ispublished": "pub",
  "subjects": [
    "5mall",
    "7animalhealth"
  ],
  "keywords": "parasitic nematodes, exsheathment, third-stage larvae, tanniferous plant, PEG",
  "abstract": "The anthelmintic properties of tanniferous plants and of their secondary metabolites represent one possible alternative to chemotherapy that is currently being explored as a means of achieving sustainable control of gastrointestinal nematodes in ruminants. Previous in vivo and in vitro results suggest that tanniferous plants can have direct anti-parasitic effect against different stages of nematodes. However, the mode of action of the bioactive plant compounds remains obscure. The objectives of the current study were (1) to examine the hypothesis that extracts of tanniferous plants might interfere with the exsheathment of third-stage infective larvae (L3); (2) to assess the role of tannins in the process by examining the consequence of adding an inhibitor of tannins (polyethylene glycol: PEG) to extracts. The effects of 4 tanniferous plant extracts on exsheathment have been examined on L3 of Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus colubriformis. Artificial exsheathment was induced in vitro by adding hypochlorite solution to larval suspension. The evolution of exsheathment with time was measured by repeated observations at 10-min interval for 60 min. The selected plants were: genista (Sarothamnus scoparius), heather (Erica erigena), pine tree (Pinus sylvestris), and chestnut tree (Castanea sativa), with tannin contents ranging from 1.5 to 24.7% of DM. Extracts of a non-tanniferous plant (rye grass, tannin content: 0.3% of DM) were included in the assay as negative controls. The extracts were tested at the concentration of 600 mg/ml and the effects were compared to the rate of exsheathment of control larvae in PBS. No statistical differences in the pattern of exsheathment was observed after addition of rye grass or genista extracts for both nematode species and with heather extracts for T. colubriformis. In contrast, pine tree extracts on larvae of both species and heather extracts with H. contortus induced a significant delay in exsheathment. Last, contact with chest nut extracts led to a total inhibition of the process for both nematodes. These results suggest that extracts of tanniferous plants might affect a key process in the very early stages of larval invasion of the host. In most cases, the addition of PEG led to a total or partial restoration towards control values. This suggests that tannins are largely involved in the inhibitory process. However, other secondary metabolites may also interfere with the process that would help to explain some of the differences in response observed between the two nematode species.",
  "date": "2005",
  "date_type": "published",
  "publication": "Parasitology",
  "referencetext": "REFERENCES Athanasiadou, S., Kyriazakis, I., Jackson, F. and Coop, R. L. (2001). Direct anthelmintic effects of condensed tannins towards different gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep: in vitro and in vivo studies. Veterinary Parasitology 99, 205–219. Barrau, E., Fabre, N., Fouraste, I. and Hoste, H. (2005). Effect of bioactive compounds from sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia scop.) on the in vitro larval migration of Haemonchus contortus: role of tannins and flavonol glycosides. Parasitology 131, 1–8. AQ1 Bruneton, J. (1999). Tanins. In Pharmacognosie Phytochimie, Plantes Me´dicinales 3rd Edn. (ed. &), pp. 369–404. Editor Tec et Doc., Paris. Dakkak, A., Fioramonti, J. and Bueno, L. (1981). Haemonchus contortus third stage larvae in sheep: kinetics of arrival into the abomasum and transformation during rumino omasal transit. Research in Veterinary Science 31, 384–385. Davey, K. G. and Rogers, W. P. (1982). 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Paolini, V., Frayssines, A., De La Farge, F., Dorchies, Ph. and Hoste, H. (2003). Effects of condensed tannins on established populations and on incoming larvae of Trichostrongylus colubriformis and Effects of tanniferous extracts on the in vitro exsheathment of nematode larvae 9 Teladorsagia circumcincta in goats. Veterinary Research 34, 331–339. Paolini, V., Fouraste, I. and Hoste, H. (2004). In vitro effects of three woody plant and sainfoin on third-stage larvae and adult worms of three gastrointestinal nematodes. Parasitology 129, 69–77. Paolini, V., Prevot, F., Dorchies, Ph. and Hoste, H. (2005). Lack of effects of quebracho and sainfoin hay on incoming third stage larvae of Haemonchus contortus in goats. Veterinary Journal 170, 260–263. Petronijevic, T. W. P., Rogers, W. P. and Somerville, R. I. (1985). Carbonic acid as the host signal for the development of parasitic stages of nematodes. International Journal for Parasitology 15, 661–667. Rabel, B., McGregor, R. and Douch, P. G. C. (1994). Improved bioassay for estimation of inhibitory effects of ovine gastrointestinal mucus and anthelmintics on nematode larval migration. International Journal for Parasitology 24, 671–676. Rogers, W. P. (1982). Enzymes in the exsheathing fluid of nematodes and their biological significance. International Journal for Parasitology 12, 495–502. Rogers, W. P. and Somerville, R. I. (1968). The infectious process and its relation to the development of early parasitic stages of nematodes. Advances in Parasitology 6, 327–348. Sciacca, J., Forbes, W. M., Ashton, F. T., Lombardini, E., Gamble, H. R. and Schad, G. A. (2002). Response to carbon dioxide by the infective larvae of three species of parasitic nematodes. Parasitology International 51, 53–62. Silanikove, N., Perevolotsky, A. and Provenza, F. D. (2001). Use of tannin-binding chemicals to assay for tannins and their negative postingestive effects in ruminants. Animal Feed Science and Technology 91, 69–81. Somerville, R. I. and Rogers, W. P. (1987). The nature and action of host signals. Advances in Parasitology 26, 239–293. Stepek, G., Behnke, J. M., Buttle, D. J. and Duce, I. R. (2004). Natural plant cystein proteinases as anthelmintics? Trends in Parasitology 20, 322–327. Waller, P. J. (1999). International approaches to the concept of integrated control of nematode parasites of livestock. International Journal for Parasitology 29, 155–164. Waller, P. J. and Thamsborg, S. M. (2004). Nematode control in ‘‘green’’ ruminant production systems. Trends in Parasitology 20, 493–497. D. Bahuaud and others 10",
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