?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.title=Better+Organic+Bread%3A+Integrating+Raw+Material+and+Process+Requirements+for+Organic+Bread+Production&rft.subject=Crop+health%2C+quality%2C+protection&rft.subject=+Cereals%2C+pulses+and+oilseeds&rft.subject=+Produce+chain+management&rft.description=The+UK+organic+wheat+crop%2C+of+about+15%2C000+hectares%2C+is+rarely+able+to+consistently+provide+flour+of+suitable+quality+to+meet+the+needs+of+the+baking+industry.+As+a+result%2C+more+than+50%25+of+the+requirement+for+wheat+in+the+organic+bread+market+is+imported.+%0D%0AThis+project+seeks+to+address+the+constraints+to+the+expansion+of+the+market+for+organic+bread+produced+from+wheat+grown+in+the+UK.+This+will+be+achieved+by+identifying+the+effect+of+agronomic+practices+on+the+protein+content+and+quality+of+organic+wheat.+The+work+will+optimise+the+interaction+of+raw+material+characteristics+with+formulation+and+processing+approaches+on+bread+quality.+This+will+be+achieved+by+establishing+the+effects+of+varieties+and+nitrogen+applications+in+crop+husbandry+practices+on+wheat+quality.+Processing+factors+during+milling+and+baking%2C+which+would+improve+breadmaking+quality+and+increase+the+utilisation+of+UK+grown+organic+wheat%2C+will+also+be+identified.%0D%0AField+trials+will+be+undertaken+at+3+sites+in+the+UK+over+four+seasons%2C+they+will+investigate+opportunities+for+improvement+in+grain+quality+by+evaluating+varieties+of+spring+wheat.+The+agronomy+approaches+will+include+rhizobial+inoculation+of+the+fertility+building+clover+crop%2C+use+of+different+rates+of+high+C%3AN+ratio+compost%2C+late+N+application%2C+and+optimising+the+compost+formulation.+Production+protocols+will+be+focussed+on+creation+of+stronger+and+higher+quality+protein+in+organic+wheat+based+on+the+hypothesis+that+high+protein+strength+can+be+used+to+compensate+for+lower+protein+content.+Ultimately+this+strategy+will+lead+to+increased+utilisation+of+UK+organic+wheat+which+has+a+higher+market+value+in+the+breadmaking+sector.+%0D%0AThe+effect+of+these+approaches+on+the+functional+performance+of+wheat+for+breadmaking+will+be+quantified.+Breadmaking+performance+will+be+optimised+by+modifications+to+the+milling+extraction+rate+and+changes+to+the+formulation+of+dough+mixes+and+dough+preparation+procedures.+This+will+provide+guidelines+for+the+breadmaking+procedures+required+to+obtain+doughs+with+appropriate+rheological+properties+for+organic+bread.+These+studies+will+establish+and+optimise+bread+production+recipes+and+mixing+conditions+for+organic+flours+and+result+in+improvements+in+the+quality+of+organic+bread.%0D%0A%0D%0A11.1+Scientific+objectives+%0D%0ASection+9+and+items+in+annex+A+indicate+the+extent+of+current+knowledge+and+where+gaps+currently+exist.+This+research+is+aimed+at+complementing+current+scientific+understanding+and+filling+the+gaps+which+currently+prevent+effective+exploitation+of+UK+grown+organic+wheat.+The+objectives+are+to%3A%0D%0A%0D%0A1.+Establish+the+impact+of+differing+nitrogen+application+regimes+and+rhizobial+inoculations+in+organic+systems+on+wheat+yield+and+quality%2C+particularly+protein+quality+and+protein+quantity.+In+particular%0D%0A%C3%82%C2%B7+Optimise+nitrogen+fixation+and+retention+during+the+grass+clover+ley+fertility+building+period+by+use+of+rhizobial+seed+innocula.+%0D%0A%C3%82%C2%B7+Increase+mineralisation+driven+nitrogen+inputs+during+later+stages+of+crop+development.+Compost+containing+high+C%3A+N+ratio+is+thought+to+release+a+higher+proportion+of+nitrogen+through+mineralisation+of+organic+matter+later+in+the+season.%0D%0A%C3%82%C2%B7+Quantify+the+contribution+of+supplementary+nitrogen+inputs+from+manures+and+slurries+applied+later+in+the+growing+season.%0D%0A2.+Determine+how+different+wheat+varietal+types+respond+to+organic+cultivation+techniques+by+optimising+the+production+protocols+and+identifying+how+these+impact+on+key+quality+attributes.%0D%0A%C3%82%C2%B7+Identify+wheat+varieties+which+provide+a+suitable+balance+of+protein+content+and+quality+through+their+ability+to+utilise+organic+nitrogen+supply+regimes+and+which+provide+a+raw+material+of+good+quality+to+the+breadmaking+industry+under+UK+conditions.%0D%0A3.+Determine+the+effect+of+reduced+milling+extraction+rate+in+white+flour+and+particle+size+in+wholemeal+flour+on+the+protein+quality+and+overall+baking+quality+of+(a)+different+wheat+varietial+types+and+(b)+wheat+produced+with+different+fertility+management+regimes+%0D%0A4.+Establish+and+optimise+bread+production+recipes+and+mixing+conditions+for+organic+flours+with+different+combinations+of+quality+characteristics+(protein+content+and+protein+content+and+composition.&rft.type=Project+description&rft.type=NonPeerReviewed&rft.identifier=%7BProject%7D+Better+Organic+Bread%3A+Integrating+Raw+Material+and+Process+Requirements+for+Organic+Bread+Production.+Runs+2005+-+2010.+Project+Leader(s)%3A+Stanley%2C+Richard%2C+Campden+%26+Chorleywood+Food+Research+Association.+More+information+online+at+%3Chttp%3A%2F%2Fwww2.defra.gov.uk%2Fresearch%2Fproject_data%2FMore.asp%3FI%3DLK0960+%3Chttp%3A%2F%2Fwww2.defra.gov.uk%2Fresearch%2Fproject_data%2FMore.asp%3FI%3DLK0960%3E%3E.&rft.relation=http%3A%2F%2Forgprints.org%2F6767%2F