?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.title=Combination+of+different+methods+for+direct+control+of+vicia+hirsuta+in+winter+wheat&rft.creator=Lukashyk%2C+P.&rft.creator=K%C3%83%C2%B6pke%2C+U.&rft.subject=+Weed+management&rft.description=Combinations+of+three+different+direct+methods+for+controlling+Vicia+hirsuta+(kainite+application%2C+flame+weeding+and+harrowing)+were+investigated+in+field+experiments.+They+were+based+on+different+strategies+at+early+growth+stages+of+V.+hirsuta+and+standardised+harrowing+at+late+growth+stages.+The+highest+efficacy+of+kainite+application+and+flame+weeding+was+achieved+at+the+one+leaf+stage+of+V.+hirsuta.+Winter+wheat+regeneration+from+damage+caused+by+both+kainite+and+thermal+control+was+satisfactory+when+treatments+were+applied+at+early+growth+stages+(GS+23).+Vicia+hirsuta+plants+that+survived+kainite+application+or+flame+weeding+were+successfully+controlled+by+repeated+harrowing+at+later+crop+growth+stages%3B+crop+growth+was+not+affected.+Seed+production+of+V.+hirsuta+declined+with+increasing+harrowing+in+all+treatments%3B+however+the+strongest+and+most+reliable+reduction+was+achieved+when+flame+weeding+had+been+previously+applied.+All+combinations+of+direct+measures+reduced+winter+wheat+grain-yield+losses+and+enhanced+thousand-grain+weight+more+efficiently+than+the+use+of+a+single+method+only.+The+highest+wheat-grain+yield+was+gained+after+repeated+harrowing+(3+times)+both+with+and+without+kainite+application.&rft.publisher=Research+Institute+of+Organic+Agriculture+FiBL%2C+CH-Frick%2C+and+International+Society+of+Organic+Agriculture+Research+(ISOFAR)%2C+c%2Fo+Institute+of+Organic+Agriculture+IOL%2C+DE-University+of+Bonn&rft.contributor=K%C3%83%C2%B6pke%2C+Ulrich&rft.contributor=Niggli%2C+Urs&rft.contributor=Neuhoff%2C+Daniel&rft.contributor=Cornish%2C+Peter&rft.contributor=Lockeretz%2C+Willie&rft.contributor=+Willer%2C+Helga&rft.date=2005&rft.type=Book+chapter&rft.type=NonPeerReviewed&rft.format=application%2Fpdf&rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Forgprints.org%2F6503%2F1%2Flukashyk-koepke-vicia-hirstuta.pdf&rft.identifier=Lukashyk%2C+P.+and+K%C3%83%C2%B6pke%2C+U.+(2005)+Combination+of+different+methods+for+direct+control+of+vicia+hirsuta+in+winter+wheat.+In%3A+K%C3%83%C2%B6pke%2C+Ulrich%3B+Niggli%2C+Urs%3B+Neuhoff%2C+Daniel%3B+Cornish%2C+Peter%3B+Lockeretz%2C+Willie+and+Willer%2C+Helga+(Eds.)+Researching+Sustainable+Systems.+Proceedings+of+the+First+Scientific+Conference+of+the+International+Society+of+Organic+Agriculture+Research+(ISOFAR)%2C+Research+Institute+of+Organic+Agriculture+FiBL%2C+CH-Frick%2C+and+International+Society+of+Organic+Agriculture+Research+(ISOFAR)%2C+c%2Fo+Institute+of+Organic+Agriculture+IOL%2C+DE-University+of+Bonn%2C+pp.+119-122.&rft.relation=http%3A%2F%2Forgprints.org%2F6503%2F