?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.title=Baumstreifenpflege+im+Obstbau&rft.subject=Fruit+and+berries&rft.description=To+control+weed+competition+in+organic+fruit+orchards+there+are+only+few+and+expensive+devices+on+the+market.+Alternatives+with+mulching+methods+or+weed+burners+do+satisfy+only+in+specific+conditions.+Tillage+systems+that+provide+sufficient%2C+reliable+weed+competition+control+over+a+large+range+of+soil+and+site+conditions+and+for+low+costs+are+still+to+be+developed.%0D%0A%0D%0AIn+order+to+ensure+a+sufficient+supply+of+water+and+nutrients+in+orchards+it+is+necessary+to+regulate+weed+growth+in+the+in-row+strips.+In+organic+fruit+growing+this+is+achieved+by+keeping+the+soil+open+with+special+tillage+equipment+(very+costs+intensive)%2C+or+by+mulching+with+organic+material%2C+such+as+bark%2C+wood+shavings+and+straw+(high+costs+and+high+deposition+of+potassium%2C+which+increase+the+risk+of+bitter+pit)+or+water+permeable+synthetic+ground+covers.+The+mulching+systems+can+considerably+increase+mice+damage+and+are+suited+only+for+specific+soil+and+site+conditions.%0D%0A%0D%0AProject+aims%3A%0D%0Ai)+to+develop+and+validate+an+alternative+system+(Sandwich+System)+that+allows+a+sufficient+supply+of+water+and+nutrients%2C+but+needs+a+lower+input+of+resources%3B+%0D%0Aii)+comparing+growth+and+yields+of+the+trees+under+Sandwich-System+versus+usual+tillage+over+the+whole+width+of+the+tree+strip.%0D%0AMethodology%3A%0D%0AThe+systems+were+compared+in+7+apple+cultivars.+Two+repetitions+in+each+cultivar.+Collected+data+was+yield%2C+trunk+perimeter%2C+nutrients+contained+in+fruits+and+leaves+(T-Stage).+For+the+statistical+analysis+we+used+the+Program+JMP+4.02+(SAS+incorp.)%2C+ANOVA+model%3B+variety%2C+System%2C+repetition%2C+variety*system%2C+variety*repetition%2C+system*repetition%0D%0AResults%2C+conclusion%2C+state+of+the+art%3A%0D%0A-%09No+significant+differences+in+the+yields+of+both+systems+were+observed+(annually+and+accumulated)%0D%0A-%09The+accumulated+vegetative+growth+of+the+trees+was+significantly+higher+under+sandwich-system+(11%25).%0D%0A-%09In+leaf+and+fruit+analysis+for+mineral+uptake+(from+2000+to+2003)+there+was+no+consistent+tendency+to+be+found+that+could+indicate+any+better+or+less+optimal+nutrient+availability+between+the+two+systems.+From+totally+74+data+sets%2C+there+were+14+significantly+different+but+of+a+low+practical+relevance.%0D%0A-%09Due+to+its+low+costs+(60+%25+cheaper+than+good+usual+tillage+devices)+and+its+high+performance+(up+to+9+km+working+speed)+the+Swiss+Sandwich%C3%A2%C2%80%C2%93System+is+an+interesting+alternative+to+the+usual+tillage+devices.%0D%0A-%09If+with+the+Sandwich+System%2C+the+establishment+of+a+low+growing+vegetation+in+the+centre+aisle+is+difficult+(as+in+the+case+of+our+investigation)%2C+it+becomes+necessary+to+mulch+the+central+green+strip+1-3+times+a+year.+%0D%0A-%09Due+to+passive+tools%2C+only%2C+the+Sandwich+acts+very+softly+to+soil+structure.%0D%0A-%09Together+with+the+industry+(Santini+and+Braun%2C+CH-Sulgen)+we+could+develop+a+now+commercially+available+tillage+device+for+the+Sandwich-System+Our+results+show%2C+that+with+the+Sandwich+System+tree+performance+is+equal+to+whole-width+tillage.+The+advantages+are%3A+i)+about+60+%25+cheaper+than+usual+good+tillage+devices%2C+ii)+high+working+speed+(6-9+km%2Fh)%3B+iii)+soft+to+soil+structure+due+to+passive+tools%2C+only.%0D%0A&rft.type=Project+description&rft.type=NonPeerReviewed&rft.identifier=%7BProject%7D+In-row+strip%2C+sandwich+system%2C+weed+management%3A+Baumstreifenpflege+im+Obstbau.+[Soil+management+in+Orchards(phase+I%3A+in+row+weed+competition+control%3B+phase+II%3A+between+row+soil+management).]+Runs+1999+-+2008.+Project+Leader(s)%3A+Suter%2C+Francisco%3B+Weibel%2C+Franco%3B+H%C3%83%C2%A4seli%2C+Andi+and+Tschabold%2C+Jean-Luc%2C+Research+Institute+of+Organic+Agriculture+(FiBL)%2C+CH-5070+Frick.+More+information+online+at+%3Chttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.fibl.org%2Fde%2Fschweiz%2Fforschung%2Fanbautechnik-pflanzenbau.html+%3Chttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.fibl.org%2Fde%2Fschweiz%2Fforschung%2Fanbautechnik-pflanzenbau.html%3E%3E.&rft.relation=http%3A%2F%2Forgprints.org%2F6207%2F