?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.title=Bundesprogramm+%C3%83%C2%96kologischer+Landbau+(B%C3%83%C2%96L)%3A+Cluster+Lebensmittel%3A+1)+Lebensmittel+und+Lebensmittelverarbeitung%2C+2)+Dienstleistungem+im+Bereich+Lebensmittel+&rft.subject=+Food+security%2C+food+quality+and+human+health&rft.subject=+Food+systems&rft.subject=+Markets+and+trade&rft.subject=+Processing%2C+packaging+and+transportation&rft.description=The+Federal+Organic+Farming+Scheme+(FOFS)%3A+This+scheme+is+a+temporary+funding+source+(2002+%C3%A2%C2%80%C2%93+2007%2F2008)+especially+to+support+the+whole+organic+farming+sector+(incl.+research)+in+Germany.++In+the+summer+of+2001%2C+the+Federal+Ministry+of+Consumer+Protection%2C+Food+and+Agriculture+commissioned+a+project+team+comprised+of+representatives+from+associations+and+science+and+headed+by+the+Federal+Agricultural+Research+Centre+to+develop+a+proposal+for+a+package+of+measures+to+foster+organic+farming+in+Germany.+A+hearing+of+representatives+from+trade+and+industry%2C+associations%2C+consultancy%2C+science+and+administration+laid+the+foundation+for+the+team's+work.+Based+on+this+work%2C+the+Federal+Minister+of+Consumer+Protection%2C+Food+and+Agriculture+Renate+K%C3%83%C2%BCnast+decided+to+incorporate+the+proposed+measures+into+the+Federal+Organic+Farming+Scheme+(FOFS)+to+translate+them+into+practice.+This+scheme+supplements+existing+support+measures+with+the+aim+of+improving+the+basic+conditions+necessary+for+expanding+organic+farming.+At+the+same+time%2C+it+strives+to+increase+supply+and+demand+on+a+balanced%2C+sustainable+basis.+These+measures+tackle+all+levels+of+organic+farming%2C+from+the+production+to+the+consumption+of+organically+produced+food.+Plans+include+training+and+information+measures.+Emphasis+is+also+being+placed+on+research+promotion%2C+the+development+of+new+technologies+and+steps+to+translate+research+findings+into+practice.+Currently+the+FOFS+is+the+main+pool+of+the+BMVEL+for+organic+research+funding.%0D%0A%0D%0ACluster+Food+Systems%0D%0A1)+Food+quality+and+Processing%0D%0AWithin+the+Federal+Organic+Farming+Scheme+far+more+projects+have+been+submitted+and+realised+regarding+food+quality+than+processing.+Research+about+food+quality+is+mainly+carried+out+by+universities+and+public+bodies+with+research+divisions+concentrating+on+laboratory+investigations.+Research+about+food+processing+is+interesting+for+companies+inventing+e.g.+new+production+systems%2C+but+only+a+few+project+proposals+were+handed+in.+Often+the+support+for+small+innovative+food+companies+goes+in+conflict+with+the+funding+guidelines+evaluating+the+funding+as+a+distortion+of+competition+distinguishing+between+small-scale+business+promotion+and+market+intervention.%0D%0AA+comparison+of+the+amount+of+realised+projects+in+the+category+food+quality+and+processing+with+other+organic+research+categories+clearly+shows+a+deficit+in+this+area.+On+the+one+hand%2C+only+a+few+project+proposals+have+been+handed+in+after+the+call+for+this+category.+This+is+due+to+several+reasons%3A%0D%0AIt+is+and+stays+difficult+to+measure+the+gained+health+status+of+organic+products+objectively+beyond+the+given+facts+(e.g.+less+residue+and+pesticide+contamination).+It+lacks+suitable+parameters+as+well+as+experience+concerning+relevant+methods+for+measuring+quality.+Here%2C+it+is+a+great+challenge+to+validate+holistic+methods+for+quality+analysis%2C+in+comparison+to+already+established+conventional+analysis+and+make+them+available+for+practitioners.+Current+projects+of+the+Federal+Organic+Farming+Scheme+are+dealing+with+these+subjects.%0D%0AOn+the+other+hand%2C+organic+food+processing+is+partly+affected+by+small+structures.+Several+small+companies+with+many+innovative+ideas+exist.+In+comparison+to+experienced+third-party+fund+raisers+of+universities%2C+these+companies+have+less+experience+and+capacities+for+the+successful+application+of+project+proposals.+Their+project+ideas+often+include+features+of+company+promotion+hampering+the+support+as+a+research+project.+Anyway%2C+at+present%2C+the+organic+food+sector+is+little+structured+to+communicate+their+problems+combined+to+research+institutes+and+project+executing+organisations.%0D%0AAn+important+research+focus+of+the+Federal+Organic+Farming+Scheme+B%C3%83%C2%96L+is+the+quality+of+organic+food+produced.+Several+investigations+already+have+shown+that+because+of+the+ban+of+synthetic+pesticides%2C+residue+contamination+of+organic+products+is+considerably+less.+It+is+far+more+difficult+to+determine%2C+whether+organic+products+have+a+different+composition+than+conventionally+grown+products%2C+if+the+contents+of+specific+components+(e.g.+secondary+plant+ingredients)+are+significantly+higher+and+the+consumption+of+organic+food+implements+have+an+objectively+detectable+excess+for+the+health+of+the+consumer.+These+questions+have+been+and+still+are+being+investigated+in+several+projects+dealing+e.g.+with+fruit%2C+vegetables%2C+cereals+and+fish.%0D%0AIn+this+context%2C+it+is+important+to+consider%2C+which+analytical+methods+are+being+chosen.+By+using+only+the+methods+confirmed+for+the+conventional+sector%2C+the+acceptance+of+the+results+from+the+organic+point+of+view+will+be+little.+Similar+scepticism+appears+from+the+conventional+point+of+view+when+only+results+from+holistic+methods+are+being+generalised.+Therefore%2C+one+key+project+of+the++Federal+Organic+Farming+Scheme+B%C3%83%C2%96L+investigates+about+the+differentiation+and+classification+of+organic+products+using+validated+analytical+and+holistic+methods.+For+comparative+measurements%2C+samples+of+conventional+and+organic+products+(wheat%2C+apples%2C+carrots)+receive+a+code+and+are+being+analysed+by+analytical+and+holistic+methods+(e.g.+copper+chloride+crystallisation%2C+fluorescence-spectroscopy%2C+physiological+amino+acid+status).+The+contents+of+secondary+plant+ingredients+are+determined+and+sensory+investigations+carried+out%2C+in+order+to+do+a+comparative+analysis+of+plant+resources+from+conventional+and+organic+systems.+Furthermore%2C+investigations+consider+whether+the+location+of+production+and+type+of+cultivar+have+a+higher+or+lower+impact+on+the+quality+of+ingredients+than+the+farming+technique+itself.%0D%0A%0D%0A2)+Food+Service+Sector+(FSS)%0D%0AOrganic+agriculture+can+only+then+grow+in+a+sustainable+manner+and+be+economically+sound%2C+if+its+products+and+services+are+accepted+and+demanded+broadly+by+society.+For+this%2C+not+only+private+consumption+plays+a+role%2C+but+equally+bulk+consumers.+They+play+a+key+role+for+the+stabilisation+and+increase+of+this+demand.%0D%0AIn+order+to+better+use+the+shown+potential+of+organic+products+for+the+FSS+in+future%2C+several+projects+(2002+%C3%A2%C2%80%C2%93+present)+were+realised+within+the+Federal+Organic+Farming+Scheme%3A+restraints%2C+success+factors+and+development+opportunities+for+the+use+of+organic+goods%2C+questions+concerning+certification+and+control+of+organic+products+in+the+food+service+sector.%0D%0ALarge+amounts+of+food+are+purchased+and+processed+by+catering+firms+and+hotels%2C+canteens%2C+schools%2C+hospitals+and+other+public+institutions.+They+also+represent+a+stable+market+outlet.+Furthermore%2C+they+have+high+requirements+of+the+delivered+goods+concerning+health+issues%2C+because+of+their+partly+sensitive+clientel%2C+which+include+children%2C+patients%2C+convalescence+patients+and+restaurant+guests.+Hence%2C+the+sales+opportunities+for+organically+produced+goods+are+very+clear.%0D%0ANevertheless%2C+even+the+partial+conversion+of+public+catering+to+organic+products+is+connected+to+great+challenges%3A+suppliers+have+to+guarantee+a+homogenous+and+sufficiently+large+amount.+Furthermore%2C+freshness+and+quality+of+the+raw+materials+have+to+be+assured+from+the+producer+up+to+the+processing+in+the+canteen+kitchen.+Even+the+kitchen+staff+needs+to+adapt+to+a+few+changes%2C+such+as+purchase%2C+storage%2C+seasonal+availability%2C+menu+composition+and+price+calculations%2C+as+these+deviate+from+conventional+processes.+Additionally%2C+a+precise+communication+strategy+is+necessary+for+the+introduction+phase+of+organic+products.%0D%0AAll+of+the+above-mentioned+problems+can+be+solved.+Still%2C+many+kitchen+managers+and+those+responsible+for+the+food+service+sector+are+reluctant+to+introduce+and+use+organic+products+due+to+the+sum+of+hurdles+that+need+to+be+overcome.%0D%0AAnother+challenge+for+companies+in+the+FSS+that+want+to+process+and+offer+organic+goods%2C+are+the+labelling+and+certification+requirements+for+such+products.+According+to+the+legal+requirements%2C+all+companies+in+the+food+service+sector+need+to+go+through+the+control+system+of+the+EU+Regulation+on+organic+agriculture%2C+if+they+want+to+use+organic+products+and+label+them+as+such.+Many+companies+in+this+sector+that+were+using+organic+products%2C+were+not+certified%2C+as+they+were+unaware+of+the+inspection+requirements.+The+inspection+bodies+also+have+large+gaps%3A+many+do+not+have+specially+trained+personnel+and+suitable+forms+for+the+FSS.+The+inspection+bodies%2C+which+have+experience+with+the+food+service+sector%2C+possess+standardised+forms+for+processing+companies.+According+to+them%2C+there+are+four+core+differences+between+companies+in+the+FSS+compared+to+other+processing+companies+in+the+organic+food+sector%3A%0D%0A-%09Companies+in+the+food+service+sector+generally+do+not+work+with+fixed+recipes%0D%0A-%09Labelling+cannot+be+done+directly+on+the+product%0D%0A-%09There+is+a+large+problem+with+the+delivery+of+the+goods%0D%0A-%09There+is+often+a+lack+of+documentation%2C+which+hampers+the+control+of+the+flow+of+goods%0D%0AIn+the+past%2C+the+bureaucratic+effort+of+certification+scared+off+many+responsible+persons+in+this+sector%2C+who+were+generally+willing+to+partially+or+fully+convert+to+organic+products.+It+is+interesting+to+note+the+result+of+a+survey+from+2003%2C+conducted+by+the+Federal+Organic+Farming+Scheme%3A+Two+thirds+of+the+managers+of+establishments+rejected+the+additional+effort+related+to+labelling+and+inspection.+Simultaneously+though%2C+60+%25+of+the+interviewees+signalised+a+willingness+to+buy%2C+process+and+offer+organic+goods+without+organic+labelling%2C+as+they+can+market+them+well+with+the+term+%C3%A2%C2%80%C2%9Corganic%C3%A2%C2%80%C2%9D+in+their+menus.+Apparently%2C+the+quality+of+organic+products+are+convincing+enough+for+the+food+service+sector+personnel+(while+purchasing)%2C+as+well+as+for+the+guests+to+pay+a+higher+price+for+a+qualitatively+higher+raw+material+and+accordingly+healthy+and+delicious+food.%0D%0A%0D%0AYouths+and+Organic+Products%0D%0AChildren+and+youths+receive+special+attention+within+the+FSS+projects+of+the+Federal+Organic+Farming+Scheme.+On+the+one+hand%2C+healthy+nourishment+for+adolescents+is+essential%2C+on+the+other+hand%2C+children+have+quite+an+influence+on+the+purchasing+habit+within+their+families+%C3%A2%C2%80%C2%93+much+more+than+anticipated+at+first.+And+finally%2C+these+youths+are+the+clients+of+tomorrow.%0D%0AOne+focal+point+in+the+Federal+Organic+Farming+Scheme+is+an+exemplary+scheme+to+introduce+organic+products+for+meals+in+schools+and+day-care+centres.+Currently%2C+there+is+a+network+of+several+projects+located+in+rural+areas%2C+as+well+as+in+large+cities+like+Berlin+or+Hamburg.+The+office+of+the+Federal+Organic+Farming+Scheme+is+organising+an+exchange+of+experiences+between+the+different+stakeholders+of+the+projects+concerning+successes+and+restraints.+In+order+to+make+opportunities+and+requirements+regarding+the+implementation+of+organic+goods+in+schools+and+day-care+centres+available+to+a+large+public%2C+a+booklet+is+currently+being+issued.%0D%0A%0D%0AOther+activities+in+the+context+of+Organic+Food+Management%0D%0AThe+dedication+of+the+Federal+Scheme+concerning+the+food+service+sector%2C+organic+catering+and+gastronomy+go+far+beyond+research+and+exemplary+projects.+Meanwhile%2C+extensive+information+is+offered+in+printed+format+as+well+as+on+the+internet+for+bulk+consumers+from+catering%2C+gastronomy%2C+event+and+food+service+sectors.+These+publications+cover+information+for+the+introduction+of+organic+foods+(economics%2C+convenience+in+canteen+kitchens%2C+basics+in+hygiene+and+storage%2C+personnel+training)%2C+as+well+as+precise+help+in+daily+planning+and+work+with+organic+products+in+communal+feeding+(e.g.+shopping+schedule%2C+assortment+list%2C+recipe+finder%2C+costing+calculator%2C+seasonal+calendar).%0D%0A%09%0D%0A&rft.type=Research+Programme+description&rft.type=NonPeerReviewed&rft.identifier=%7BProgramme+part%7D+B%C3%83%C2%96L%3A+Bundesprogramm+%C3%83%C2%96kologischer+Landbau+(B%C3%83%C2%96L)%3A+Cluster+Lebensmittel%3A+1)+Lebensmittel+und+Lebensmittelverarbeitung%2C+2)+Dienstleistungem+im+Bereich+Lebensmittel.+[Federal+Organic+Farming+Scheme+(FOFS)%3A+Cluster+Food+Systems%3A+1)+Quality+and+Processing%3B+2)+Food+Service+Sector+(FSS).]+Runs+2002+-+2008.+Programme+Leader(s)%3A+Lange%2C+Stefan.+More+information+online+at+%3Chttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.bundesprogramm-oekolandbau.de%2Fausschreibungen_f_und_e_massnahmen.html+%3Chttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.bundesprogramm-oekolandbau.de%2Fausschreibungen_f_und_e_massnahmen.html%3E%3E.&rft.relation=http%3A%2F%2Forgprints.org%2F5971%2F