5920 1 archive 1587 disk0/00/00/59/20 2005-10-13 2009-08-20 14:28:04 2009-08-20 14:28:04 journalp show 0 en ch-fibl-international a-uni-wien-boku-ifoel never 0 http://www.haworthpress.com/web/JSA http://www.fibl.org/english/cooperation/index.php FALSE Vogl Christian Kilcher Lukas Schmidt Hanspeter pub 6values Organic farming, standards, certification, accreditation, traditional ecological knowledge, local knowledge, innovation, adaptation, harmonization, globalization, Information, Zertifizierungssysteme Organic farming is a promising agricultural method with positive effects on the human ecological and social environment. Governments have taken over a major role in defining organic farming by creating legal standards. Many countries all over the world have established a certification and accreditation system in order to protect the justified expectations of consumers with regard to processing and controlling the product quality of organic goods and to protecting producers from fraudulent trade practices. As they are relevant to international trade, these standards do not only influence the organic farming movement on the national level but also have a converse impact across national borders. Organic farming was established in a bottom-up process as farmers aimed to design sustainable ways of using natural resources. Farmers’ traditional knowledge and their awareness of ecological, as well as, of social affairs was the main base for the development of organic farming. Since public interest in organic farming has grown rapidly, the ownership on the process of defining organic farming is no longer in the hands of farmers and the original principles and aims of themovement seem to be threatened by a bureaucratic view of “recipe”-organic farming. However, unsolved problems also exist between the necessities of global harmonization and the local adaptability of the standards on organic farming. This paper structures the current discussion and gives future prospects for further development. 2005 published Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol. 26(1) 2005 The Haworth Press, Altieri, M. 1990. Why study traditional agriculture. In: Agroecology–Biological Resource Management. A series of primers on the conservation and exploitation of natural and cultivated ecosystems (Caroll, C.R., Vandermeer, J.H. and Rosset, P., eds.) pp. 551-564, McGraw-Hill Publishing Company, New York/USA. Altieri, M. 2000. Enhancing the productivity and multifunctionality of traditional farming in Latin America. Int. J. Sustain. Dev. World Ecol., 7, 1-12. Altieri, M.A. 1999. Agroecología–Bases científicas para una agricultura sustentable. Editorial Nordan-Comunidad; Montevideo, Paraguay. Bächi, R. 2003. Regulated organic agriculture system turns against farmers. In: The Organic Standard. Issue 21/January 2003 Grolind Ab, Hoje, Sweden: p. 18. Biberauer, S. and C.R. Vogl. 2003. Spielräume in der EU-Verordnung 2092/91 Über den Ökologischen Landbau und deren Handhabung und Implikationen in der österreichischen Umsetzung. In Freyer, B. (ed.) Beiträge zur 7. Wissenschaftstagung zum Ökologischen Landbau “Ökologischer Landbau der Zukunft.” Feb. 24-26 in Vienna, 637-638, Institute for Organic Farming, Vienna. Bradley, R. and K. Van Houten. 2000. Inclusion of Management Systems requirements into Organic Production Standards. In: Alföldi, T. W. Lockeretz und U. Niggli (eds.), Proceedings of the 13rd International IFOAM Scientific Conference (International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements) in Basel/Switzerland from August 28-31, 2000, HochschulverlagAGan der ETH Zürich, Switzerland: p. 585. Darnhofer, I. and C. Vogl. 2003. Certification and Accreditation of the Organics in Austria. Implementation, Strengths and Weakness. In: Lockeretz, W. (editor). Ecola- bels and the Greening of the Food Market. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Deutscher B. ed. 1992. Erster Bericht der Enquete-Kommission “Schutz der Erdatmosphäre” des Deutschen Bundestages. Drucksache 12/2400, Bonn/Germany. Deutscher B. ed. 1994. Schutz der Grünen Erde, Bericht der Enquete-Kommission “Schutz der Erdatmosphäre” des Deutschen Bundestages. Economica Verlag, Bonn, Germany. Dhamotoran, M. and A. Gerber. 1998. Das bäuerliche und das wissenschaftliche Wissenssystem im ökologischen Landbau: Möglichkeiten und Grenzen einer Verständigung. In: Der kritische Agrarbericht. Daten, Berichte, Hintergründe, Positionen zur Agrardebatte (AgrarBündnis, eds.) pp. 177-182, ABL Bauernblatt Verlag, Rheda-Wiedenbrück; Germany. Eichenberger, M. and H. Vogtmann. 1981. Grundprinzipien des ökologischen Landbaus. Broschüre Sonderschau zum biologischen Land–und Gartenbau; Forschungsinstitut für biologischen Landbau, Oberwil, Switzerland. Fuchs, N. 2000. Development of standards nowadays and in the future. In: Alföldi, T. W. Lockeretz und U. Niggli (eds.), Proceedings of the 13rd International IFOAM Scientific Conference (International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements) in Basel/Switzerland from August 28-31, 2000, Hochschulverlag AG an der ETH Zürich, Switzerland: p. 582. Geier, B. (2001). Organic certification nightmare? In: Ecology and Farming; No. 26, 12. Gerber, A., V. Hoffmann and M. Kügler. 1996. Das Wissensystem im ökologischen Landbau in Deutschland: Zur Entstehung und Weitergabe von Wissen im Diffusionsprozeß. Berichte über Landwirtschaft, 74, 591-627. Gold, M. 1999. Sustainable Agriculture: Definitions and Terms. Special Reference Briefs Series no. SRB 99-02. Alternative Farming Systems Information Center, National Agricultural Library, Agricultural Research Service & U.S. Department of Agriculture; Beltsville, Maryland, USA. Häni, F., Boller, E. and F. Bigler. 1990. Integrierte Produktion–Ein ökologisch ausgerichtetes Bewirtschaftungssystem. Schweizer Landwirtschaftliche Forschung, 2/3, 101-115. Heissenhuber, A. and H. Ring. 1992. Ökonomische und umweltbezogene Aspekte des ökologischen Landbaues. Bay. Landw. Jb. No 69, 275-305. Inglis, J.T. 1993. Traditional ecological knowledge–concepts and cases. International Program on Traditional Ecological Knowledge. International Development Research Center. Canadian Museum of Nature; Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. Kilcher, L. 2002. 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Wilken, G.C. 1987. Good farmers. Traditional agricultural resource management in Mexico and Central America. University of California Press; Berkeley and Los Angeles, USA. Yussefi, M. and H. Willer. 2003. The world of organic agriculture Statistics and Future Prospects. www.ifoam.org 10.04.2003. Ziegler, K. 2000. The magic triangle in successful organic projects–Counseling, inspection, certification. In: Alföldi, T. W. Lockeretz und U. Niggli (eds.), Proceedings of the 13rd International IFOAM Scientific Conference (International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements) in Basel/Switzerland from August 28-31, 2000, Hochschulverlag AG an der ETH Zürich, Switzerland: p. 573. restricted 5-26 4896 1 5920 1 application/pdf de validuser

Kilcher-2005-standarts-away-farmers.pdf

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