?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.title=Red+clover+efficiently+into+organically+produced+milk&rft.subject=+Pasture+and+forage+crops&rft.subject=+Feeding+and+growth&rft.description=Red+clover+has+a+fundamental+role+in+organic+plant+and+dairy+production.+This+research+project+comprises+of+three+studies+focusing+on+yield+production+of+red+clover-grass+leys%2C+prediction+of+the+red+clover+content+of+red+clover-grass+leys+on+a+farm+level%2C+and+in+laboratory+as+a+research+method%2C+and+improving+accuracy+of+energy+and+protein+values+of+red+clover+in+organic+milk+production.+%0D%0A%0D%0AThe+first+study+aims+at+improving+persistency+of+red+clover-grass+leys.+This+will+be+studied+with+special+emphasis+on+plant+physiological+and+canopy+structure+effects+on+yield+production%2C+resistance+to+pathogens+and+overwintering+of+red+clover-grass+leys.+Best-fit+varieties+of+red+clover+will+be+identified+with+help+of+a+biadditive+model+based+on+variety+tests+all+over+Finland.+Whether+resistance+of+pathogens+is+affected+by+possible+changes+in+pathogen+strains+in+clover-grass+canopies+of+different+age%2C+will+be+studied+with+molecular+biological+methods.+Means+of+biological+control+of+the+pathogens+will+also+be+studied.+%0D%0A%0D%0AThe+second+study+aims+at+1)+finding+out+the+extent+of+variation+in+the+quality+and+quantity+of+the+yield+and+extent+of+biolocical+fixation+of+red+clover-grass+swards%2C+2)+finding+out+the+soil+properties+affecting+the+variation+and+how+these+parameters+could+be+controlled%2C+3)+developing+mehtods+to+estimate+the+clover+content+of+the+ley+on+farm+and+laboratory.+Experiments+will+be+carried+out+at+two+experimental+sites+with+spatial+variation+technique.+%0D%0A%0D%0AThe+third+study+aims+at+1)+developing+laboratory+methods+for+evaluating+the+energy+value+of+red+clover+for+practical+purposes%2C+2)+refining+the+red+clover+growth+model+to+improve+the+harvesting+time+service+provided+by+http%3A%2F%2Fwww.agronet.fi%2Fartturi+3)+studying+factors+that+affect+intake+of+red+clover+and+supply+of+amino+acids+and+energy+from+red+clover+4)+more+reliable+energy+and+protein+values+of+red+clover+for+practical+purposes+and+5)+recommendations+for+supplementary+feeding+of+dairy+cows+fed+red+clover+diets+under+organic+conditions.+The+laboratory+methods+(in+vitro+cellulase%2C+gas+production%2C+NIR)+for+evaluating+energy+value+of+red+clover+will+be+tested+against+in+vivo+data+obtained+with+sheep+as+a+model+animal.+Rumen+metabolism+of+feed+nutrients+will+be+studied+using+dairy+cows+fitted+with+rumen+cannulas.+The+flow+of+dietary+constituents+from+the+rumen+will+be+measured+using+omasal+sampling+technique+and+digesta+flow+markers.+The+microbial+flow+will+be+measured+in+reference+to+15N+as+a+microbial+marker.&rft.type=Project+description&rft.type=NonPeerReviewed&rft.identifier=%7BProject%7D+Puna-apilahanke%3A+Red+clover+efficiently+into+organically+produced+milk.+[Puna-apila+tehokkaasti+luomumaidoksi.]+Runs+2003+-+2004.+Project+Leader(s)%3A+Vanhatalo%2C+Aila%2C+Helsinki+University.+More+information+online+at+%3Chttp%3A%2F%2Ftripunix.mtt.fi%2Fcgi-bin%2Fthw%2F%3F%24%7BBASE%7D%3Darktui%26%24%7BHTML%7D%3Ddocu_eng%26%24%7BSNHTML%7D%3Dnosyn_eng%26%24%7BTRIPSHOW%7D%3Dfor%3Dwww_eng%26NR%3D226-05+%3Chttp%3A%2F%2Ftripunix.mtt.fi%2Fcgi-bin%2Fthw%2F%3F%24%7BBASE%7D%3Darktui%26%24%7BHTML%7D%3Ddocu_eng%26%24%7BSNHTML%7D%3Dnosyn_eng%26%24%7BTRIPSHOW%7D%3Dfor%3Dwww_eng%26NR%3D226-05%3E%3E.&rft.relation=http%3A%2F%2Forgprints.org%2F5687%2F