?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.title=Organic+Farming+Scenarios%3A+Operational+Analysis+and+Costs+of+implementing%0D%0AInnovative+Technologies&rft.creator=S%C3%83%C2%B8rensen%2C+Claus+G.&rft.creator=Madsen%2C+Niels+A.&rft.creator=Jacobsen%2C+Brian+H.&rft.subject=+Buildings+and+machinery&rft.description=The+objective+of+this+study+has+been+to+design+a+number+of+farm+scenarios+representing+future+plausible+and+internally+consistent+organic+farming+enterprises+based+on+milk%2C+pig%2C+and+plant+production+and+use+these+farm+scenarios+as+the+basis+for+the+generation+of+generalised+knowledge+on+labour+and+machinery+input+and+costs.+Also%2C+an+impact+analysis+and+feasibility+study+of+introducing+innovative+technologies+into+the+organic%0D%0Aproduction+system+has+been+invoked.%0D%0AThe+labour+demand+for+the+production+farms+ranged+from+61+to+253hha1+and+from+194+to+396hLU1+(LU+is+livestock+units)+for+work+in+the+animal+houses.+Model+validation+results+showed+that+farm+managerial+tasks+amount+to+14%C3%A2%C2%80%C2%9319%25+of+the+total+labour+requirement.+The+impact+of+introducing+new+technologies+and+work+methods+related+to+organic+farming+was+evaluated+using+two+innovative+examples+of+weed+control%3A+a%0D%0Aweeding+robot+and+an+integrated+system+for+band+steaming.+While+these+technologies+increased+the+capital+investment+required%2C+the+labour+demand+was+reduced+by+83%C3%A2%C2%80%C2%9385%25+in+sugar+beet+and+60%25+in+carrots%2C+which+would+improve+profitability+by+72%C3%A2%C2%80%C2%9385%25+if+fully+utilised.+Profitability+is+reduced%2C+if+automation+efforts+result+in+insufficient+weed+removal+compared+to+manual+weeding.+Specifically%2C+the+benefit+gained+by+robotic+weeding%0D%0Awas+sensitive+to+the+weed+intensity+and+the+initial+price+of+the+equipment%2C+but+a+weeding+efficiency+of+under+25%25+is+required+to+make+it+unprofitable.%0D%0AThis+approach+demonstrates+the+feasibility+of+applying+and+testing+operational+models+in+organic+farming+systems+in+the+continued+evaluation+and+documentation+of+labour+and+machinery+inputs.&rft.publisher=Elsevier&rft.date=2005-05&rft.type=Journal+paper&rft.type=NonPeerReviewed&rft.format=application%2Fpdf&rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Forgprints.org%2F5356%2F1%2F5356.pdf&rft.identifier=S%C3%83%C2%B8rensen%2C+Claus+G.%3B+Madsen%2C+Niels+A.+and+Jacobsen%2C+Brian+H.+(2005)+Organic+Farming+Scenarios%3A+Operational+Analysis+and+Costs+of+implementing+Innovative+Technologies.+Biosystems+Engineering%2C+91+(2)%2C+pp.+127-137.+*&rft.relation=http%3A%2F%2Forgprints.org%2F5356%2F