?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.title=Gene+flow+of+oilseed+rape+(Brassica+napus)according+to+isolation+distance+and+buffer+zone&rft.creator=Damgaard%2C+Christian&rft.creator=Kjellsson%2C+G%C3%83%C2%B6sta&rft.subject=+Food+security%2C+food+quality+and+human+health&rft.subject=Consumer+issues&rft.description=The+introduction+of+genetically+modified+(GM)+crops+in+the+EU+has+raised+questions+concerning+gene+dispersal+and+co-existence+with+non-GM+farming.+Quantitative+estimates+of+the+gene+dispersal+from+fields+with+GM+crops+to+fields+with+conspecific+non-GM+crops+(conventional+or+organic)+are+therefore+needed+in+order+to+suggest+isolation+distances+and+other+management+strategies+to+keep+GM-pollination+below+acceptable+threshold+values.+A+meta-analysis+of+available+gene-flow+data+for+oilseed+rape+(Brassica+napus)+was+performed.+The+probability+distribution+that+seeds+of+non-GM+oilseed+rape+are+fertilised+by+foreign+pollen+grains+from+a+neighbouring+field+of+GM+oilseed+rape+is+modelled+as+functions+of+the+width+of+the+recipient+(i.e.+pollen+receiving)+field+and+the+distance+to+the+pollen+donor+fields.+Furthermore%2C+the+significance+of+using+a+buffer+zone+(removal+of+a+1-5+m+border+of+a+recipient+field+parallel+to+the+pollen+donor+field)+to+reduce+GM-pollination+of+the+crop%2C+is+quantified+and+discussed.+The+predicted+median+and+95%25+credibility+level+of+the+probability+of+foreign+pollination+is+calculated+as+a+function+of+the+width+of+the+recipient+field+and+the+buffer+zone%2C+as+well+as+the+distance+between+fields.+Analysis+of+different+management+strategies+shows+that+an+increasing+isolation+distance+is+more+effective+to+reduce+GM+pollen+dispersal+than+the+use+of+a+buffer+zone%2C+especially+for+small+recipient+fields.+The+analysis+shows+that+increasing+the+width+of+a+recipient+oilseed+rape+field%2C+relative+to+the+pollen+donor+field%2C+will+have+a+large+effect+on+reducing+the+average+level+of+fertilisation+by+foreign+pollen+within+the+recipient+field.+The+results+indicate+that+a+GM-pollination+percentage+%3C+0.1%25+will+be+possible+if+the+isolation+distance+exceeds+100+m+and+the+width+of+the+non-GM+field+is+larger+than+200+m.+If+a+threshold+value+of+0.3%25+is+acceptable%2C+an+isolation+distance+of+50+m+should+be+sufficient+even+for+smaller+fields.+The+use+of+a+5+m+discarded+buffer+zone+surrounding+the+non-GM+field+is+expected+to+reduce+GM+pollination+by+about+a+third.+The+implications+of+the+results+for+field+management+in+conventional+and+organic+farming+are+discussed.&rft.publisher=Elsevier&rft.date=2005&rft.type=Journal+paper&rft.type=NonPeerReviewed&rft.format=application%2Fpdf&rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Forgprints.org%2F4849%2F1%2F4849.pdf&rft.identifier=Damgaard%2C+Christian+and+Kjellsson%2C+G%C3%83%C2%B6sta+(2005)+Gene+flow+of+oilseed+rape+(Brassica+napus)according+to+isolation+distance+and+buffer+zone.+Agriculture%2C+Ecosystems+%26+Environment+(108)%2C+pp.+291-301.&rft.relation=http%3A%2F%2Forgprints.org%2F4849%2F