4511 1 archive 833 disk0/00/00/45/11 2005-02-24 2009-08-20 14:25:38 2009-08-20 14:25:38 journalp show 0 en da2b03 some yes 0 TRUE Waller Peter J. Thamsborg Stig M. pub 7animalhealth nematode parasites, domestic ruminants, grazing livestock, alternative parasite control, non-chemotherapeutic Collectively, nematode parasites of domestic ruminants continue to pose the greatest disease problem in grazing livestock systems worldwide, despite the powerful and extensive chemotherapeutic arsenal available for their control. The widespread development of anthelmintic resistance, particularly in nematode parasites of small ruminants, and the trend towards nonchemical (ecological, organic, green) farming of livestock has provided an impetus for the research and development of alternative parasite control methods. This article provides a brief overview of the non-chemotherapeutic options for parasite control and how they might play a role either in organic farming or in other low-input farming systems. 2004 published Trends in Parasitology 20 10 Anonymous (1999) En ha°llbar utveckling av landsbygden, m.m. (Sustainable development of the Swedish countryside), Stockholm, Government Bill 1999/2000, p. 14 Thamsborg,S.M. et al. (1999) Integrated and biological control in organic and conventional production systems. Vet. Parasitol. 84, 169–186 Perry, B.D. and Randolph, T.F. (1999) Improving the assessment of the economic impact of parasitic diseases and of their control in production animals. Vet. Parasitol. 84, 145–168 Perry, B.D. et al. (2002) Investing in Animal Health Research to Alleviate Poverty. ILRI, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya,p. 148 Dimander, S.O. et al. 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(1997) Effects of diet on gastrointestinal nematode infection in ruminants. In Sustainable Control of Internal Parasites in Ruminants (Barrell, G.K. ed.), pp. 183–192, Lincoln University, Canterbury, New Zealand Waller, P.J. et al. (2001) Plants as de-worming agents of livestock in the Nordic countries: historical perspective, popular beliefs and prospects for the future. Acta Vet. Scand. 42, 31–44 Schillhorn van Veen, T.W. (1997) Sense or nonsense? Traditional methods of animal parasitic disease control. Vet. Parasitol. 71, 177–194 Hammond, J.A. et al. (1997) Prospects for plant anthelmintics in tropical veterinary medicine. Vet. Res. Commun. 21, 213–228 Githiori, J.B. et al. (2002) Anthelmintic activity of preparations derived from Myrsine africana and Rapanea melanophloeos against the nematode parasite Haemonchus contortus of sheep. J. Ethnophamacol. 80, 187–191 Githiori, J.B. et al. Evaluation of anthelmintic properties of some plants used as livestock dewormers against Haemonchus contortus infections in sheep. Parasitology (in press) Hördegen, P. et al. (2003) The anthelmintic efficacy of five plant products against gastrointestinal trichostrongylids in artificially infected lambs. Vet. Parasitol. 117, 51–60 Stepek, G. et al. (2004) Natural plant cysteine proteinases as anthelmintics. Trends Parasitol. 20, 322–327 Niezen, J.H. et al. (1998) Production, faecal egg counts and worm burdens of ewe lambs which grazed six contrasting forages. Vet. Parasitol. 80, 15–27 Athanasiadou, S. et al. (2000) Consequences of long-term feeding with condensed tannins on sheep parasitized with T. colubriformis. Int. J. Parasitol. 30, 1025–1033 Athanasiadou, S. et al. (2000) Effects of short term exposure to condensed tannins on adult T. colubriformis. Vet. Rec. 146, 728–732 Kahiya, C. et al. (2003) Effect of Acacia nilotica and Acacia karoo diets on Haemonchus contortus infection in goats. Vet. Parasitol. 115, 265–274 Paolini, V. et al. (2003) Effects of condensed tannins on established populations and on incoming larvae of Trichostrongylus colubriformis and Teladorsagia circumcincta in goats. Vet. Res. 34, 331–339 Paolini, V. et al. (2003) Effects of condensed tannins on goats experimentally infected with Haemonchus contortus. Vet. Parasitol. 113, 253–261 Athanasiadou, S. et al. (2001) Direct anthelmintic effects of condensed tannins towards different gastrointestinal species: in vitro and in vivo studies. Vet. Parasitol. 99, 205–219 Knight, T.L. et al. (1996) Effect of pasture species on internal parasites of lambs. Proc. NZ Grassland Assoc. 58, 59–62 Marley, C.L. et al. (2003) The effect of birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus Review TRENDS in Parasitology Vol.20 No.10 October 2004 496 www.sciencedirect.com corniculatus) and chicory (Cichorium intybus) on parasite intensities and performance of lambs naturally infected with helminth parasites. Vet. Parasitol. 112, 147–155 Molan, A.L. et al. (2000) Effects of condensed tannins and sesquiterpene lactones extracted from chicory on the viability of deer lungworm larvae. Proc. NZ Soc. Anim. Prod. 60, 26–29 Barger, I.A. (1999) The role of epidemiological knowledge and grazing management for helminth control in small ruminants. Int. J. Parasitol. 29, 41–47 Nansen, P. et al. (1988) Grazing pressure and acquisition of O. ostertagi in calves. Vet. Parasitol. 27, 325–335 Waller, P.J. Sustainable nematode parasite control strategies for ruminant livestock by grazing management and biological control. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. (in press) Larsen, M. (1999) Biological control of helminths. Int. J. Parasitol. 29, 139–146 Anonymous (2002) Biological control of nematode parasites of small ruminants in Asia. FAO Animal Production and Health Paper, p. 104 Waller, P.J. et al. (2001) The potential of nematophagous fungi to control the free living stages of nematode parasites of sheep: feeding and block studies with Duddingtonia flagrans. Vet. Parasitol. 102, 321–330 Chandrawathani, P. et al. (2003) Biological control of nematode parasites of small ruminants in Malaysia using the nematophagous fungus Duddingtonia flagrans. Vet. Parasitol. 117, 173–183 Waller, P.J. et al. (2001) The potential of nematophagous fungi to control the free-living stages of nematode parasites of sheep: towards the development of a fungal controlled release device. Vet. Parasitol. 102, 321–330 public 493-497 4096 1 4511 1 application/pdf en public

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