390 1 archive 159 disk0/00/00/03/90 2003-01-27 2009-08-20 14:18:47 2009-08-20 14:18:47 journalp show 0 en da2d1 main yes 0 FALSE Askegaard Margrethe Eriksen Jørgen pub 2farming potassium, leaching, organic farming, potassium retention, potassium balances . In organic farming, potassium (K) deficiency may become a significant problem due to import restrictions. Knowledge about potential K leaching in systems with different K budgets is therefore important for effective agricultural management. We investigated the effect of four organic farming systems (two livestock densities in combination with two types of organic manure) on crop yields, K leaching and K balances in a six course crop rotation from 1993/94 to 1997/98. Average K concentrations in soil water extracted by means of ceramic suction cups at 1 m depth were 0.6 mg K l-1 corresponding to a K leaching loss of 1.5 kg ha-1 yr-1,which was less than expected from values reported in the literature. Variation in K budgets from –12 to +30 kg ha-1 yr-1 did not affect K leaching. In an additional experiment with application of 988 kg K ha-1 as KCl, K leaching accounted for only 0.2% of the applied K although 40% of the accompanying Cl was leached. The main part of the applied K was retained in the topsoil. It was concluded that K leaching was a result of the fertiliser history rather than of the current K budget. 2000 published Soil Use and Management 16 ANONYMOUS, 2000. www.ecoweb.dk (Information about organic agriculture in Denmark. In Danish). BARBEE, G.C. & BROWN, K.W. 1986. Comparison between suction and free-drainage soil solution samplers. Soil Science 141, 149-154. BEIER, C. & HANSEN, K. 1992. Evaluation of porous cup soil-water samplers under controlled field conditions: comparison of ceramic and PTFE cups. Journal of Soil Science 43, 261-271. DJURHUUS, J. & JACOBSEN, O.H. 1995. Comparison of ceramic suction cups and KCl extraction for the determination of nitrate in soil. European Journal of Soil Science 46, 387-395. ERIKSEN, J., ASKEGAARD, M. & KRISTENSEN, K. 1999. Nitrate leaching in an organic dairy/crop rotation as affected by organic manure type, livestock density and crop. Soil Use and Management 15, 176-182. GROVER, B.L. & LAMBORN, R.E. 1970. Preparation of porous ceramic cups to be used for extraction of soil water having low solute concentrations. Soil Science Society of American Proceeding 34, 706-708. HANSEN, J.F., KLAUSEN, P.S. & PETERSEN, J. 1989. Lysimeter experiments with combinations of nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium in mineral fertilizer. II Leaching of nutrients (in Danish with English abstract). The Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Report no. 93, 209-223. HEIDMANN, T. 1989. Characterisation of the experimental area for research in farming systems. II. Results from the areas at Foulum (in Danish). The Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Report no. S2007. HELMKE, P.A. & SPARKS, D.L. 1996. Lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium and cesium. In:Sparks,D.L.et al.(Ed.) Methods of Soil Analysis.Part 3. Chemical Methods.SSSA Book Series no.5. 551-574. HEMING, S.D. & ROWELL, D.L. 1997. The estimation of losses of potassium and magnesium from chalky soils in southern England: laboratory studies. Soil Use and Management 13, 122-129. HOUBA, V.J.G., NOVOZAMSKY, I., LEXMOND, Th.M. & VAN DER LEE, J.J. 1990. Applicability of 0.01 M CaCl2 as a single extraction solution for the assessment of the nutrient status of soils and other diagnistic purposes. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 21, 2281-2290. HOVMAND,M.F., ANDERSEN, H.V., BILLE-HANSEN, J. & RO-POULSEN, H. 1994. The atmospheric deposition to Danish forest systems (In Danish). National Environmental Research Institute of Denmark. Report no. 98. JOHNSTON, A.E. & GOULDING, K.W.T. 1992. Potassium concentrations in surface and ground waters and the loss of potassium in relation to land use. 23rd Colloquium of the International Potash Institute, Prague, 135-158. JOHNSTON, A.E., GOULDING, K.W.T. & MERCER, E. 1993. Potassium leaching from a sandy loam soil. Potash Review 4, 1-16. JOSEFSEN, A.B., SANDBECH, H., KÆRGÅRD, N., REVSBECH, K. & BICHEL, S. 1999. Ecological scenarios for Denmark. A report from the interdisciplinary group in the committee for pesticides, Danish Environmental Protection Agency (in Danish). KALRA, Y.P. & MAYNARD, D.G. 1991. Methods manual for forest soil and plant analysis. Information Report NOR-X-319, Northwest Region, Canada, 84-85. LORD, E.I. & SHEPHERD, M.A. 1993. Developments in use of porous ceramic cups for measuring nitrate leaching. Journal of Soil Science 44, 435-449. MØBERG, J.P. & NIELSEN, J.D. 1986. The constituent composition of soils from Danish State Agricultural Research Stations (in Danish with English abstract). The Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Report no. S1870. MUNSON, R.D. & NELSON, W.L. 1963. Movement of applied potassium in soils. Agricultural and Food Chemistry 11, 193-201. NAGPAL, N.K. 1982. Comparison among and evaluation of ceramic porous cup soil water samplers for nutrient transport studies. Canadian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 62, 685-694. OLESEN, J.E. & HEIDMANN, T. 1990. EVACROP. A program for calculating actual evaporation and drainage from the root zone, version 1.01 (in Danish) Department of Agrometerology, Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Research note no.9. OLESEN, J.E. & VESTER, J. 1995. Nutrient balances and energy use in organic farming - emphasis on dairy and cash crop farms (in Danish with English abstract). The Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Report no. 9. SALOMON, E. 1998. Extraction of Soil Potassium with 0.01M Calcium Chloride Compared to Official Swedish Methods. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 29, 2841-2854. SAS INSTITUTE, 1988. SAS/STAT. User’s guide, Release 6.03 edition. SAS INSTITUTE, 1997. SAS/STAT. Software: Changes and enhancements through Release 6.12. SEARLE, S.R., CASELLA, G. & MCCULLOCH, C.E. 1992. Variance components. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. SHEN, R. & ZHAO, Q. 1995. Distribution of exchangeable calcium, magnesium and potassium as affected by fertilizer application to red soil. Pedosphere 5, 343-348. SHEPHERD, M.A. & BENNETT, G. 1998. Nutrient leaching losses from a sandy soil in lysimeters. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 29, 931-946. SIMMELSGAARD, S.E. 1996. Plant nutrients in subsurface drainage water and soil water (in Danish with English abstract). The Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Report no. 7. STRUDSHOLM, F., NIELSEN, E.S., FLYE, J.C., KJELDSEN, A.M., WEISBJERG, M.R., SØEGAARD, K., KRISTENSEN, V.F., HVELPLUND, T. & HERMANSEN, J.E. 1997. Tables of the composition and feed value of cattle feed stuff (in Danish). Report no.69, The Danish Advisory Service THOMAS, G.W. 1982. Exchangeable cations. In:Page, A.L., Miller, R.H. & Keeney, D.R..(ed.) Methods of soil analysis.Part 2. Agronomy Monograph no.9 (2nd Ed.), 159-165. TILLMAN, R.W. & SCOTTER, D.R. 1991. Movement of solutes associated with intermittent soil water flow. II. Nitrogen and cations. Australian Journal of Soil Research 29, 185-196. TVEITNES, S., FUGLEBERG, O. & ØPSTAD, S.L. 1996. Leaching of plant nutrients in drainage water as influenced by cropping system, fertilization and climatic factors. Norwegian Journal of Agricultural Science 10, 555-582. ULÉN, B. 1999. Leaching and balances of phosphorus and other nutrients in lysimeters after application of organic manures or fertilizers. Soil Use and Management 15, 56-61. WULFF, F., SCHULZ, V., JUNGK, A. & CLAASSEN, N. 1998. Potassium fertilization on sandy soils in relation to soil test, crop yield and K-leaching. 1998. Zeitschrift für Pflanzenernährung und Bodenkunde 161, 591-599. YLÄRANTA, T., UUSI-KÄMPPÄ, J. & JAAKKOLA, A. 1996. Leaching of phosphorus, calcium, magnesium and potassium in barley and grass fallow lysimeters. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B, Soil and Plant Science 46, 9-17. restricted 200-205 1346 1 390 1 application/pdf en staffonly

AE2000.pdf

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