?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.title=Ecological+Apple+Production%3A+a+Comparison+of+Organic+and+Integrated+Apple-growing&rft.creator=Bertschinger%2C+Lukas&rft.creator=Mouron%2C+Patrik&rft.creator=Dolega%2C+Ewa&rft.creator=H%C3%83%C2%B6hn%2C+Heinrich&rft.creator=Holliger%2C+Eduard&rft.creator=Husistein%2C+Alfred&rft.creator=Schmid%2C+Andi&rft.creator=Siegfried%2C+Werner&rft.creator=Widmer%2C+Albert&rft.creator=Z%C3%83%C2%BCrcher%2C+Matthias&rft.creator=Weibel%2C+Franco&rft.subject=Fruit+and+berries&rft.description=In+1995%2C+an+experiment+was+planted+at+W%C3%83%C2%A4denswil+for+comparing+organic+and+integrated+apple+production.+The+overall+goal+of+this+experiment+was+to+develop+a+data+set+which+allows+for+an+objective+overall+comparison+of+the+two+production+concepts.+Horticultural%2C+ecological+and+economical+traits+were+looked+at.+In+practical+terms%2C+the+study+should+particularly+clarify+how+suitable+the+two+systems+are+for+producing+marketable+fresh+fruit+under+Swiss+conditions.+The+approach+of+an+on-station+comparison+with+a+split-plot+design+with+3+replicate+blocks+and+the+factors+%C3%A2%C2%80%C2%9Cproduction+system%C3%A2%C2%80%C2%9D+(1st+factor)+and+%C3%A2%C2%80%C2%9Cvariety%C3%A2%C2%80%C2%9D+(2nd+factor)+was+chosen.+Ninety-four+percent+of+Swiss+apple+acreage+is+managed+according+to+integrated+production%2C+and+5%25+according+to+organic+guidelines+2001.+Conventional+production+is+therefore+lacking+practical+relevance+and+was+not+included+in+this+trial.+Cultivars+Boskoop%2C+Pommes+Cloche%2C+Idared+and+Resi+were+planted+on+rootstock+M9+at+a+3.4+by+1.4m+spacing.+The+crop+management+was+dynamically+adapted+every+year+according+to+the+most+advanced+crop+management+technology+that+is+appropriate+in+the+particular+in+situ+situation+of+the+trial+and+that+is+permitted+by+the+most+recent+Swiss+guidelines+for+each+of+the+two+production+systems.+In+particular%2C+parameters+of+tree+growth%2C+fruit+growth%2C+yield+and+fruit+quality%2C+crop+protection%2C+crop+economy+and+crop+ecology+were+assessed.+In+2001%2C+additional+analytical+fruit+quality+parameters+were+measured+and+extensive+sensory+tests+were+performed.+This+study+provides+the+first+scientific+comparison+of+organic+and+integrated+apple+production+under+European+conditions.+The+paper+presents+preliminary+conclusions+while+the+last+cropping+season+of+the+experiment+is+still+on-going+and+final+data+analyses+will+be+possible+in+2003.+&rft.publisher=International+Society+for+Horticultural+Science&rft.contributor=Bertschinger%2C+L.&rft.contributor=Anderson%2C+J.D.&rft.date=2004&rft.type=Book+chapter&rft.type=NonPeerReviewed&rft.format=application%2Fpdf&rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Forgprints.org%2F3111%2F1%2Fbertschinger-et-al-2004-comparison-apple-production.pdf&rft.identifier=Bertschinger%2C+Lukas%3B+Mouron%2C+Patrik%3B+Dolega%2C+Ewa%3B+H%C3%83%C2%B6hn%2C+Heinrich%3B+Holliger%2C+Eduard%3B+Husistein%2C+Alfred%3B+Schmid%2C+Andi%3B+Siegfried%2C+Werner%3B+Widmer%2C+Albert%3B+Z%C3%83%C2%BCrcher%2C+Matthias+and+Weibel%2C+Franco+(2004)+Ecological+Apple+Production%3A+a+Comparison+of+Organic+and+Integrated+Apple-growing.+In%3A+Bertschinger%2C+L.+and+Anderson%2C+J.D.+(Eds.)+Acta+Horticulturae+638%2C+XXVI+International+Horticultural+Congress%3A+Sustainability+of+Horticultural+Systems+in+the+21st+Century%2C+Toronto%2C+Canada%2C+International+Society+for+Horticultural+Science%2C+pp.+321-332.&rft.relation=http%3A%2F%2Forgprints.org%2F3111%2F