?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.title=A+Comparison+of+Plant+and+Animal+Based+Fertiliser+for+the+Production+of+Organic+Vegetable+Transplants&rft.creator=Koller%2C+Martin&rft.creator=Alf%C3%83%C2%B6ldi%2C+Thomas&rft.creator=Siegrist%2C+S.&rft.creator=Weibel%2C+Franco&rft.subject=+Nutrient+turnover&rft.subject=+Soil+quality&rft.subject=+Vegetables&rft.subject=Crop+health%2C+quality%2C+protection&rft.subject=+Soil+biology&rft.description=In+Switzerland%2C+transplants+for+organic+vegetable+growing+have+been+fertilised+traditionally+with+slaughterhouse+by-products.+In+autumn+2000%2C+the+Swiss+government+restricted+the+use+of+such+products+because+of+the+BSE+crisis.+To+maintain+the+production+of+organic+transplants%2C+alternative+fertilisers+needed+to+be+tested.+Eleven+alternatives+to+horn+powder+(standard+fertiliser)+were+selected+based+on+the+organic+standards+of+the+European+Union%2C+including+feather+powder+(as+an+animal+based+product+without+BSE+risk).+The+products+were+mixed+with+a+standard+growing+media+for+organic+transplants+in+a+concentration+of+300+mg+nitrogen+L-1+growing+media.+Different+experiments+where+set+up+with+head+lettuce+(Lactuca+sativa)%2C+Chinese+cabbage+(Brassica+rapa+var.+pekinensis)+and+fennel+(Foeniculum+vulgare)%2C+at+two+different+planting+times%3A+immediately+after+mixing+the+growing+media+and+six+weeks+after+mixing%2C+in+heated+and+cold+greenhouses.+Beside+weight+per+plant%2C+we+assessed+phytotoxic+effects+0%2C+2%2C+4+and+6+weeks+after+mixing+the+media%2C+and+mineralised+nitrogen+in+the+growing+media.+When+planting+immediately+after+mixing%2C+potato+protein%2C+vinasse+(wastes+of+food+processing)%2C+and+feather+powder+resulted+in+the+highest+weight+per+plant.+Plants+fertilised+with+horn+powder%2C+sunflower+oil+cake+and+ground+field+beans+had+the+lowest+weight+per+plant+(40%25+less).+Horn+powder%2C+ground+malt+sprouts%2C+vinasse%2C+potato+protein+and+feather+powder+with+stored+growing+media+produced+the+strongest+transplants.+Phytotoxicity+tests+(four+different+methods)+showed+significant+differences+between+horn+powder+(slight+damage)+and+field+beans+(seriously+harmed).+Horn+powder+is+still+the+best+fertiliser+for+organic+transplant+production+followed+by+feather+powder.+Horn+powder+causes+little+phytotoxicity+to+the+crop+even+under+extreme+conditions.+The+most+promising+pure+plant+products+are+potato+protein%2C+malt+sprouts+and+vinasse.+Plant-based+fertilisers+need+to+be+applied+carefully%3B+the+fertiliser+should+be+mixed+with+the+growing+media+at+least+two+weeks+before+sowing.+&rft.publisher=International+Society+for+Horticultural+Sience+(ISHS)&rft.contributor=Nicola%2C+S.&rft.contributor=Nowak%2C+J.&rft.contributor=Vavrina%2C+C.S.&rft.date=2004&rft.type=Book+chapter&rft.type=NonPeerReviewed&rft.format=application%2Fpdf&rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Forgprints.org%2F2743%2F1%2Fkoller-et-al-2003-acta-hort.pdf&rft.identifier=Koller%2C+Martin%3B+Alf%C3%83%C2%B6ldi%2C+Thomas%3B+Siegrist%2C+S.+and+Weibel%2C+Franco+(2004)+A+Comparison+of+Plant+and+Animal+Based+Fertiliser+for+the+Production+of+Organic+Vegetable+Transplants.+In%3A+Nicola%2C+S.%3B+Nowak%2C+J.+and+Vavrina%2C+C.S.+(Eds.)+ISHS+Acta+Horticulturae+631%3A+XXVI+International+Horticultural+Congress%3A+Issues+and+Advances+in+Transplant+Production+and+Stand+Establishment+Research%2C+International+Society+for+Horticultural+Sience+(ISHS)%2C+pp.+209-215.&rft.relation=http%3A%2F%2Forgprints.org%2F2743%2F