2733 1 archive 1069 disk0/00/00/27/33 2004-06-03 2009-08-20 14:22:50 2009-08-20 14:22:50 journalp show 0 For the last 50 years the control of gastro-intestinal nematodes (GIN) in grazing animals has almost entirely been alleviated by the use of anthelmintics. Due to development of resistance against the drugs, especially in the GIN of sheep and goats it has become necessary to develop new, innovative strategies such as the use of nematode destroying fungi. Despite experiments to employ various species against plant and animal parasitic nematodes were already attempted in the 1930’s, it was not until the 1990’s when selection by simulating passage through the gastro-intestinal tract of cattle led to isolation of the fungus Duddingtonia flagrans that a major breakthrough was achieved. This fungus, producing sticky three-dimensional network and now isolated worldwide, is special due to its capacity to prolifically produce high numbers of thick-walled resting spores, chlamydospores. These spores survive passage through the gastro-intestinal tract of grazing livestock and are capable of growing and subsequently trap nematodes, including larval stages of parasitic nematodes. The great potential of this fungus as a biological control agent has been demonstrated through numerous trials with cattle, sheep, horses, and pigs. But these trials have also pointed towards some potential limitations in the activity spectrum of the fungus (Dictyocaulus, Nematodirus) beside the whole group of parasites spreading through infective stages protected inside resistant eggs (e.g. Ascaris, Trichuris). So far, in the few reported studies conducted, no negative environmental impact has been found, but it is important that further studies are conducted on this important issue. Although the potential use of D. flagrans chlamydospores has been verified through numerous trials it is necessary to develop practical delivery systems such as slow release devices, feed-blocks or similar to be able to implement this tool in future integrated control strategies. Such control strategies could include the use of biological control, grazing management, smart use of existing drugs, parasite resistant animal breeds, bioactive forages, and possibly vaccines. de veterinary-parasitology never 0 Biological control of parasitic nematodes in grazing animals with nematophagous fungi http://www.fibl.org/forschung/veterinaerparasitologie/index.php FALSE Hertzberg Hubertus Larsen Michael Maurer Veronika pub 5mall 1animalprod 3beef 7animalhealth Parasiten, Strongyliden, Biologische Kontrolle, Rind, Schaf, Pferd, Veterinärparasitologie, Endoparasitenkontrolle, Duddingtonia, Parasites, strongyles, biological control, cattle, sheep, horse Die Kontrolle gastrointestinaler Nematoden bei Weidetieren basiert seit fünf Jahrzehnten nahezu ausschließlich auf dem Einsatz von Anthelminthika. Die derzeit vor allem bei den Schaf- und Ziegennematoden weltweit zunehmende Resistenzproblematik erfordert die Entwicklung neuer, innovativer Kontrollstrategien, wobei die biologische Bekämpfung auf der Basis nematophager Pilze den derzeit erfolgversprechensten Ansatz darstellt. Erste Versuche zur Anwendung dieser Pilze bei Pflanzen und Tieren erfolgten bereits in den 30er Jahren, doch erst in den 90er Jahren führten Experimente zur Prüfung der Passagefähigkeit einzelner Spezies durch den Magen-Darm-Trakt von Rindern zur Isolation von Duddingtonia flagrans, womit ein maßgeblicher Fortschritt erzielt wurde. Dieser Pilz bildet adhäsive, dreidimensionale Fangnetze sowie äußerst resistente Chlamydosporen. Diese Sporen stellen Dauerformen dar, die in der Lage sind, die Magen-Darm-Passage bei Weidetieren zu überleben, im Kot auszukeimen und mit ihren Fangorganen Parasitenlarven und freilebende Nematoden einzufangen. Das hervorragende Potenzial von D. flagrans zur biologischen Nematodenkontrolle wurde bisher in zahlreichen Versuchen mit Rindern, Schafen, Pferden und Schweinen bestätigt. Eine eingeschränkte Kontrollaktivität besteht gegenüber Dictyocaulus und Nematodirus, während die Parasitengruppen, deren Übertragung auf der Basis infektiöser Eier basiert (z. B. Ascaris, Trichuris), durch D. flagrans nicht kontrollierbar sind. Bisher durchgeführte Studien ergaben keine Anhaltspunkte für negative Auswirkungen des Duddingtonia-Einsatzes auf das Ökosystem Weide, doch sind diese Resultate noch durch längerfristige Studien zu ergänzen. Forschungsbedarf besteht weiterhin noch hinsichtlich einer verbesserten Sporenapplikation auf der Basis von Langzeitboli oder Lecksteinen. Fortschritte in diesem Bereich stellen eine Voraussetzung dar für die Einbeziehung der biologischen Bekämpfung in ein integriertes Bekämpfungskonzept, in dem neben den chemotherapeutischen und weidehygienischen Maßnahmen auch zukünftige Entwicklungen, wie die Zucht genetisch resistenter Tiere, bioaktive Futterpflanzen und Vakzinen Anwendung finden werden. 2002 published Berl. Münch. Tierärzlt. Wschr. 115 Blackwell Verlag, Berlin Larsen M., P. Nansen, S. A. Henriksen, J. Wolstrup, J. Grønvold, A. Zorn, E. Wedo (1995 a): Predacious activity of the nematode-trapping fungus Duddingtonia flagrans against cyathostome larvae in faeces after passage through the gastrointestinal tract of horses. Vet. Parasitol. 60, 315–20. Larsen, M., P. Nansen, J. Wolstrup, J. Grønvold, S. A. Henriksen, A. Zorn (1995b): Biological control of trichostrongyles in calves by the fungus Duddingtonia flagrans fed to animals under natural grazing conditions. Vet. Parasitol. 60, 321–330. Larsen, M., P. Nansen, C. 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Mejer, H., S. Wendt, L. E. Thomsen, A. Roepstorff, O. Hindsbo (2000): Nose-rings and transmission of helminth parasites in outdoor pigs. Acta Vet. Scand. 41, 153–165. Mendoza de Gives, P., J. Flores Crespo, D. Herrera Rodriguez, V. Vazquez Prats, E. Liebano Hernandez, G. E. Ontiveros Fernandez (1998): Biological control of Haemonchus contortus infective larvae in ovine faeces by administering an oral suspension of Duddingtonia flagrans chlamydospores to sheep. J. Helminthol. 72, 343–347. Morgan, M., J. M. Behnke, J. A. Lucas, J. F. Peberdy (1997): In vitro assessment of the influence of nutrition, temperature and larval density on trapping of the infective larvae of Heligmosomoides polygyrus by Arthrobotrys oligospora, Duddingtonia flagrans and Monacrosporium megalosporum. Parasitology. 115, 303–310. Nansen, P., M. Larsen, J. Grønvold, J. Wolstrup, A. Zorn, S. A. 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King (1997): Soil nematodes as indicators of the effect of management on grasslands in the New England Tablelands (NSW): effect of measures for control of parasites of sheep. Pedobiologia. 41, 537–548. restricted 278-285 2950 1 2733 1 application/pdf de validuser

hertzberg-et-al-2002-bmwt-helmithenkontrolle.pdf

hertzberg-et-al-2002-bmwt-helmithenkontrolle.pdf 779877 http://orgprints.org/2733/1/hertzberg-et-al-2002-bmwt-helmithenkontrolle.pdf