2538 1 archive 2 disk0/00/00/25/38 2004-04-20 2009-08-20 14:22:28 2009-08-20 14:22:28 journalp show 0 en The published version is slightly shorter and without references. da2e1 eu_organicrevision int_ifoam small never 0 http://www.ifoam.org http://ecowiki.org/IfoamPrinciples http://ecowiki.org/OrganicRevision FALSE Alrøe Hugo Fjelsted Kristensen Erik Steen pub 6values 1organics Recently, discussions of basic principles for organic agriculture (and similar ideas) have emerged in several different settings (Benbrook & Kirschenmann 1997, DARCOF 2001, Lund & Röcklinsberg 2001, Verhoog & al. 2003, this issue of Ecology & Farming). In this article we discuss the purposes and functions of such principles and what the principles should look like in order to meet these purposes. We state that there is a need for identifying a few basic principles for organic agriculture, and that the principles must be normative, or ethical, principles on how to act in an organic way, if organic farming is to continue as a distinct alternative to mainstream agriculture. We argue that basic normative principles can help resist unwanted developments; support the development and extension of organic agriculture into new areas, the planning of proactive research, and the development of organic rules; and serve as a guide for practice and development that, to some degree, will lessen the need for ever more rules. Finally, we present examples of how such principles can be formulated. 2004-05 published Ecology & Farming No. 36 IFOAM Alrøe, Hugo Fjelsted and Erik Steen Kristensen (2003) Toward a Systemic Ethic: In search of an Ethical Basis for Sustainability and Precaution. Environmental Ethics 25(1): 59-78. [Available online at http://orgprints.org/00000552 ] Alrøe, Hugo Fjelsted and Kristensen, Erik Steen and Hansen, Birgitte (2002) Identifying the basic normative principles for organic farming. Paper presented at 14th IFOAM Organic World Congress, Victoria, Canada, 21-24 August 2002; Published in Cultivating Communities, page 281. Canadian Organic Growers (COG). [Available online at http://orgprints.org/00000060 ] Benbrook, Charles M. and Frederick Kirschenmann (1997) Proposed principles for evaluating the organic 'rule'. [Online at http://www.pmac.net/ppeor2.htm ] DARCOF (2000) Principles of organic farming: Discussion document prepared for the DARCOF Users Committee. Danish Research Centre for Organic Farming. [Available online at http://www.darcof.dk/discuss/Princip.pdf ] IFOAM (2002) IFOAM Basic Standards for Organic Production and Processing. [Online at http://www.ifoam.org/standard/norms/ibs.pdf ] Kirschenmann, A. and F. Kirschenmann. (1998) Genetic Engineering and Organic Food: The proposed USDA rule on organic agriculture. Biotechnology and Development Monitor No. 34:18-21. Lund, Vonne and Helena Röcklinsberg (2001) Outlining a Conception of Animal Welfare for Organic Farming Systems, Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 14(4): 391– 424. Lutz, Karen (2000) Discussion on USDA's rule implementing the National Organic Farming Act of 1990. Webpage at http://www.pmac.net/nosrule.htm dated 16. March 2000. Accessed 19. April 2004. Noe, Egon (2003) Does instrumentalization of “organic farming” lead to enhancement or dissolution? - A case study of the local dissemination processes of organic farming. Submitted. [Preprint available online at http://orgprints.org/00002114 ] Organic Revision (2004) Research to support the revision of the EU Regulation on organic agriculture. A Specific Targeted Research Project under EU's Sixth Framework Programme (FP6-502397). See the websites http://ecowiki.org/OrganicRevision and http://www.organic-revision.org. Tybirk, Knud, Hugo Fjelsted Alrøe and Pia Frederiksen (2004) Nature quality in organic farming: A conceptual analysis of considerations and criteria in a European context. Forthcoming in Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics. [ Preprint available at http://orgprints.org/00001325 ] Verhoog, Henk, Mirjam Matze, Edith Lammerts van Bueren and Ton Baars (2003) The Role of the Concept of the Natural (Naturalness) in Organic Farming, Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 16(1): 29-49. restricted 27-30 2806 1 2538 1 application/pdf en public

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