2445 1 archive 25 disk0/00/00/24/45 2004-03-26 2009-08-20 14:22:20 2009-08-20 14:22:20 conference_item show 0 en kvl 8-10 March 2004 6th EWRS Workshop on Physical and Cultural Weed Control Lillehammer, Norway never 0 http://www.ewrs-et.org/pwc/joint_paper/index.html TRUE paper Vanhala P. Kurstjens D. Ascard J. Bertram A. Cloutier D.C. Mead A. Raffaelli M. Rasmussen Jesper pub 9weed 4methods weed harrowing, flame weeding, statistical methods, experimental designs A prerequisite for good research is the use of appropriate methodology. In order to aggregate sound research methodology, this paper presents some tentative guidelines for physical weed control research in general, and flame weeding, weed harrowing and intra-row cultivation in particular. Issues include the adjustment and use of mechanical weeders and other equipment, the recording of impact factors that affect weeding performance, methods to assess effectiveness, the layout of treatment plots, and the conceptual models underlying the experimental designs (e.g. factorial comparison, dose response). First of all, the research aims need to be clearly defined, an appropriate experimental design produced and statistical methods chosen accordingly. Suggestions on how to do this are given. For assessments, quantitative measures would be ideal, but as they require more resources, visual classification may in some cases be more feasible. The timing of assessment affects the results and their interpretation. When describing the weeds and crops, one should list the crops and the most abundantly present weed species involved, giving their density and growth stages at the time of treatment. The location of the experimental field, soil type, soil moisture and amount of fertilization should be given, as well as weather conditions at the time of treatment. The researcher should describe the weed control equipment and adjustments accurately, preferably according to the prevailing practice within the discipline. Things to record are e.g. gas pressure, burner properties, burner cover dimensions and LPG consumption in flame weeding; speed, angle of tines, number of passes and direction in weed harrowing. The authors hope this paper will increase comparability among experiments, help less experienced scientists to prevent mistakes and essential omissions, and foster the advance of knowledge on non-chemical weed management. 2004 published Proceedings 6th EWRS Workshop on Physical and Cultural Weed Control, 194-225 ANONYMOUS (1994) Description of the visual 0–100 rating scale. Canadian Weed Science Society, 2 p. ANONYMOUS (2001). Internet Glossary of Soil Science Terms. Soil Science Society of America. (Feb.10,2004: http://www.soils.org/sssagloss/) ANONYMOUS (undated a) Graph showing the percentages of sand, silt, and clay in the soil texture classes (USDA soil texture classification triangle). Soil Science Society of America. (Feb.10,2004: http://www.soils.org/sssagloss/figure1.html) ANONYMOUS (undated b) Glossary of cultivators and other implements that are used in physical weed control. EWRS Working Group Physical and Cultural Weed Control. (Feb.10,2004: http://www.ewrs-et.org/pwc/glossary.htm) ASCARD J (1994) Dose response models for flame weeding in relation to plant size and density. Weed Research 34, 377–385. ASCARD J (1995) Effects of flame weeding on weed species at different developmental stages. Weed Research 35, 397–411. ASCARD J (1997) Flame weeding: effects of fuel pressure and tandem burners. Weed Research 37, 77–86 ASCARD J (1998) Comparison of flaming and infrared radiation techniques for thermal weed control. 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(eds) (1997) Gif van de straat; reductieprogramma chemische onkruidbestrijding op verhardingen. IBN-DLO, Vewin & Gemeente Eindhoven, 64 p. STREIBIG JC, RUDEMO M & JENSEN JE (1993) Dose response curves and statistical models. In: Herbicide bioassay (eds Streibig JC & Kudsk P). Boca Raton, Florida. CRC Press, pp. 29–55. VANHALA P (2000) Relationship between the timing of seedbed preparation and the efficacy of pre-emergence flaming. In: 4th EWRS Workshop on Physical and Cultural Weed Control, Elspeet, The Netherlands, 20–22 March 2000. p. 27. WILLARD CJ (1958) Rating scales for weed control experiments. Weeds 6, 327–328. public 194-225 2756 1 2445 1 application/pdf en public

Guidelines.pdf

Guidelines.pdf 764353 http://orgprints.org/2445/1/Guidelines.pdf