creators_name: Gollner, M.
creators_name: Friedel, J. K.
creators_name: Freyer, B.
type: journalp
datestamp: 2005-11-03
lastmod: 2009-08-20 14:22:14
metadata_visibility: show
title: Auswirkungen acker- und pflanzenbaulicher Massnahmen auf die arbuskuläre Mykorrhiza im Ökologischen Landbau
ispublished: pub
subjects: 5soil
subjects: 4plant
full_text_status: public
keywords: Abuskuläre Mykorrhiza, Bodenfruchtbarkeit
abstract: Der oekologische Landbau laesst aufgrund der systemeigenen spezifischen Fruchtfolgen, Duengemassnahmen und Bodenbearbeitung positive Auswirkungen auf die Entwicklung d arbuskulaeren Mykorrhiza und die Kolonisierung der Kulturpflanzen erwarten. Diese positiven Auswirkungen wurden in vergleichenden Untersuchungen ueber die Auswirkungen einzelner Kulturmassnahmen auf die arbuskulaere Mykorrhiza in konventionell und nachhaltig bewirtschafteten Standorten nachgewiesen. Wenn in der Zukunft eine Verringerung des Eintrages an Agrochemikalien in die Kulturlandschaften angestrebt wird, muss der Bedeutung der arbuskulaeren Mykorrhiza eine hoehere Aufmerksamkeit gewidmet werden. Um die positiven Auswirkungen der arbuskulaeren Mykorrhiza in landwirtschaftlichen Produktionssystemen optimal zu nutzen, ist die Verwendung von geeigneten Duengemitteln in adaequater Menge, ein groesstmoeglicher Verzicht auf einen Pestizideinsatz und eine entsprechende Fruchtfolgegestaltung mit einem Minimum an Bodenbearbeitung und der Vermeidung von Schwarzbrache sicherzustellen. Ziel dieses Projektes ist die Optimierung der Lebensbedingungen und Leistungen der arbuskulaeren Mykorrhiza im oekologischen Landbau zur Optimierung des Pflanzenwachstums und der Sicherung der Ertraege. Dabei wird im Rahmen von Feldversuchen der Einfluss von acker- und pflanzenbaulichen Massnahmen (Fruchtfolge, Duengung, Bodenbearbeitung) sowie der Dauer der oekologischen Bewirtschaftung auf die arbuskulaere Mykorrhiza untersucht.
date: 2004
date_type: published
publication: Mitt. Ges. Pflanzenbauwiss.
number: 16
publisher: Ges. Pflanzenbauwissenschaften
pagerange: 25-26
refereed: never
referencetext: Abbott LK & Robson AD, 1981: Infectivity and effectiveness of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: effect of inoculum type. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 32: 631-639. 
An Z-Q, Groove JH, Hendrix JW, Hershman DE, Henderson GT, 1990: Vertical distribution of Endogenaceous mycorrhizal fungi associated with soybean as affected by soil fumigation. Soil, Biology & Biochemistry 22: 715-719.
An Z-Q, Hendrix JW, Hershman DE, Ferris RS, Henson GT, 1993: The influence of crop rotation and soil fumigation on a mycorrhizal fungal commuinity associated with soybean. Mycorrhiza 3: 171-182. 
Böhm J & Hock B, 1999: Species-specific detection of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi by 26S rDNA-targeted oligonucleotides. Poster im Rahmen des Symposiums: "125 Jahre Mykologie in Tübingen". Universität Tübingen, Juni 1999. 
Bokhorst JG; 1989: The organic farm at Nagele. In: Development of Farming Systems: 57-65. Zadoks JC, (ed), Pudock, Wageningen.
Brundrett M, Melville L & Peterson L, 1994: Practical Methods in Mycorrhizal Research. Mycologue Publications, Waterloo. (161 pp.).
Davies FT, Porter JR & Lindermann RG, 1993. Drought resistance of mycorrhizal pepper plants - independent of leaf phosphorous concentration, response in gas exchange, and water relations. Physiologia Plantaria 87: 45-53. 
Dehne HW, 1987: Zur Nutzung der VA Mykorrhiza als Antistressfaktor. Angewandte Botanik 61: 135-143. 
Douds DD & Millner PD, 1999: Biodiversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in agroecosystems. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environments 74: 77-93. 
Douds DD, Galvez L, Janke RR & Wagoner P, 1995: Effect of tillage and farming system upon populations and distribution of vesicular-mycorrhizal fungi. Agriculture, Ecosystems, Environment 52: 111-118. 
Douds DD, Janke RR & Peters SE, 1993: VAM fungusspore populations and colonization of roots of maize and soybean under conventional and low-input sustainable agriculture. Agriculture, Ecosystems, Environment 43: 325-335. 
Evans DG & Miller MH, 1990: The role of the external mycelial network in the effect of soil disturbance upon vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization of maize. New Phytologist 114: 65-71. 
Finck A, 1991: Dünger und Düngung. 2. Auflage, VCH Verlag, Weinheim. 
Fraser DG, Doran JW, Sahs WW, Lesoing GW, 1988: Soil microbial populations and activities under conventional and organic management. Journal of Environmental Quality 17: 585-590. 
George E, Marschner H, Jakobsen I, 1995: Role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in uptake of phosphorus and nitrogen from soil. Critical Reviews in Biotechnology 15: 257-270. 
Giovannetti M & Mosse B, 1980: An evaluation of techniques for measuring vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal infection in roots. New Phytologist 84: 489-500. 
Giovannetti M, Gianinazzi-Pearson V, 1994: Biodiversity in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Mycological Research 98 (7): 705-715. 
Harinikumar KM & Bagyaraj DJ, 1988: Effect of crop rotation on native vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal propagules in soil. Plant and Soil 110, 77-80. 
Hendrix JW, Jones KJ & Nesmith WC, 1992: Control of pathogenic mycorrhizal fungi in maintainance of soil productivity by crop rotation. Journal of Production Agriculture 5: 383-386. 
Hooker JE, Jaizme-Vega M & Atkinson D, 1994: Biocontrol of plant pathogens using arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. In. Impact of arbuscular mycorrhizas on sustainable agriculture and natural ecosystems, Gianinazzi S, Schüepp H (eds). pp 191-200, Birkh@user Verlag, Basel, Switzerland.
Jakobsen, I. & Nielsen, N.E. Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhiza In Field-Grown Crops I. Mycorrhizal Infection In Cereals & Peas At Various Times & Soil Depths. New Phytologist 93 (1983): 401-413. 
Johnson CR, Jarrell WM & Menge JA, 1984: Influence of ammonium : nitrate ratio and solution pH on mycorrhizal infection, growth and nutrient composition of Chrysanthemum morifolium var. Circus. Plant and Soil 77: 151-157. 
Johnson NC & Pfleger FL, 1992: Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae and cultural stresses. In: Mycorrhizae in sustainable agriculture. Bethlenfalvay GJ, Linderman RG (eds). pp 71-100, ASA Special Publication No. 54. Agronomy Society of America, Madison, WI, USA. 
Johnson NC, 1993: Can fertilization of soil select less mutualistic mycorrhizae? Ecological Applications 3: 749-753. 
Kurle JE & Pfleger FL, 1994: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus spore populations respond to conversions between low-input and conventional management practices in a corn-soybean rotation. Journal of Agronomy 86: 467-475. 
Land S, 1990: Auftreten und Charakterisierung der vesikulär-arbuskulären (VA) Mykorrhiza in intensiv genutzten Ackerböden. Dissertation an der Universität Hannover. 
Leyval C, Berthelin J, Schontz J, Weissenhorn I & Morel JL, 1991: Influence of endomycorrhizas on maize uptake of Pb, Cu and Cd applied as mineral salts and sewage sludge. In: Farmer JG (ed): Heavy Metals in the Environment. CEP Consultants Ltd., pp 204-207. 
Liebhart WC, Andrews RW, Culik MN, Harwood RR, Janke RR, Radke JK & Rieger-Schwartz SL, 1989: Crop production during conversion from conventional to low-input methods. Agronomy Journal 81: 150-159. 
Limonard T & Ruissen MA, 1989: The significance of VA-mycorrhiza to future arable farming in the Netherlands. Netherland Journal of Plant Pathology 95: 129-136. 
Lopez-Real JM, 1985: Sustainable agriculture: the microbial potential - the microbiologists challenge. In: The role of microorganisms in a sustainable agriculture. Eds.: Lopez-Real JM, Hodges RD, pp 1-8. AB Academic, Berkhamstead. 
Marschner H & Dell B, 1994: Nutrient uptake in mycorrhizal symbiosis. Plant and soil 159: 89-102. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Netherlands.
McGonigle TP & Miller MH, 1993: Mycorrhizal development and phosphorus absorption in maize under conventional and reduced tillage. Soil Science Society American Journal 57: 1002-1006. 
McGonigle TP, Evans DG, Miller MH, 1990: Effect of degree of soil disturbance on mycorrhizal colonisation and phosphorus absorption by maize in growth chamber and field experiments. New Phytologist 116: 629-636. 
McGonigle TP, Miller MH, Evans DG, Fairchild GL & Swan JA, 1990: A new method wich gives an objective measure of colonisation of roots by vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. New Phytologist 115: 495-501. 
Miller RM & Jastrow JD, 1992: The role of mycorrhizal fungi in soil conservation. In: Mycorrhizae in sustainable agriculture. Bethlenfalvay GJ, Linderman RG (eds). pp 29-44, ASA Special Publication No. 54. Agronomy Society of America, Madison, WI. 
Moormann T & Reeves FB, 1979: The role of endomycorrhizae in revegetation practices in the semiarid west. II. A bioassay to determine the effect of land disturbance on endomycorrhizal populations. American Journal of Botany 66: 14-18. 
Newman EI, 1966: A method of estimating the total length of a root in a sample. Journal of Applied Ecology 11: 309-314. 
Newsham KK, Fitter AH & Watkinson AR, 1995: Multifunctionality and biodiversity in arbuscular mycorrhizas. Tree 10: 407-411.
Phillips JM & Hayman DS, 1970: Improved procedures for clearing roots and staining of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for rapid assessment of infection. Trans. British Mycological Society 55: 158-161. 
Römer W & Schilling G, 1986: Phosphorous requirements of wheat plant in varios stages of life cycle. Plant and Soil 91: 221-229. 
Ryan MH, Chilvers GA, Dumaresq DC, 1994: Colonisation of wheat by VA-mycorrhizal fungi was found to be higher on a farm managed in an organic manner than on a conventional neighbour. Plant and Soil 160: 33-40. 
Sattelmacher B, Reinhard S & Pomikalko A, 1991: Differences in mycorrhizal colonization of rye (Secale cereale) grown in conventional or organic (biological-dynamic) farming systems. Journal of Agronomy & Crop Science 167: 350-355.
Schweiger PF, Thingstrup I & Jakobsen I, 1999: Comparison of two test systems for measuring plant phosphourus uptake via arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi. Mycorrhiza 8: 207-213. 
Smucker AJM, Mc Burney SL & Srivastava AK, 1982: Quantitative separation of roots from compacted soil profiles by the hydropneumatic elutriation system. Agronomy Journal 74: 500-503. St. John TV & Koske RE, 1988: Statistical treatment of endogonaceous spore counts. Trans. British Mycological Society 91: 117-121. 
Tennant D, 1975: A test of modified line intersect method of estimating root length. Journal of Ecology 63: 995-1001. 
Tews LL & Koske RE, 1986: Toward a sampling strategy for vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas. Trans. British Mycological Society 87: 353-358. 
Thompson JP, 1990: Soil sterilisation methods to show VA-mycorrhizas aid P and ZN nutrition of wheat in vertisols. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 22: 229-240. 
Thompson JP, 1994. What is the potential for management of mycorrhizas in agriculture? In: Robson AD, Abbott LK, Malajczuk N, 1994: Management of mycorrhizas in agriculture, horticulture and forestry. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston. 
Thompson JP, 1994: Inoculation with vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi from cropped soil overcomes long-fallow disorder of linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) by improving P and Zn uptake. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 26: 1133-1143. 
Vivekanandan M, Fixen PE, 1991: Cropping systems effects on mycorrhizal colonization, early growth, and phosphorus uptake of corn. Soil Science Society America Journal 55: 136-140. 
Wulff K, 1996: Einfluss von Kulturmassnahmen auf die arbuskuläre Mykorrhiza in landwirtschaftliche Nutzflächen. Dissertation am Institut für Pflanzenernährung und Bodenkunde der Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, 106 Seiten, Verlag Ulrich E. Grauer, Stuttgart 1996, ISBN 3-86186-160-7

citation: Gollner, M.; Friedel, J. K. and Freyer, B. (2004) Auswirkungen acker- und pflanzenbaulicher Massnahmen auf die arbuskuläre Mykorrhiza im Ökologischen Landbau. [The role of arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) in organic farming systems to develop soil fertility under consideration of different strategies of crop management and influence of long term cultivated soils on AM under the conditions of organic farming.] Mitt. Ges. Pflanzenbauwiss. (16), pp. 25-26.
document_url: http://orgprints.org/2358/1/Gollner_et_al_2004_PBG_mykorrh.pdf