?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.title=Agro-environmental+evaluation+of+vineyard+management+using+organic+farming+and+integrated+plant+production+systems&rft.creator=FORGET%2C+D.+&rft.creator=LACOMBE%2C+J.+&rft.creator=DURAND%2C+A.+&rft.subject=+Environmental+aspects&rft.subject=Crop+health%2C+quality%2C+protection&rft.subject=Viticulture&rft.description=Organic+farming+is+often+considered+to+be+the+most+environmentally-friendly+crop+management+system%2C+even+if+integrated+production+also+aims+at+decreasing+the+impact+of+agriculture+on+the+natural+environment.+In+order+to+establish+references+for+the+agro-environmental+evaluation+of+these+two+production+systems+in+relation+to+grape+growing%2C+INRA+carried+out+an+initial+study+from+2001+to+2004+at+the+plot+scale.+This+study+focused+on+two+grape+varieties+(Merlot+N+and+Cabernet+Sauvignon)+in+its+Couhins+vineyard+(Graves+cru+class%C3%83%C2%A9)%2C+located+on+two+organically-farmed+plots+and+two+plots+using+integrated+production%2C+a+system+based+on+the+implementation+of+decision+rules+aimed+at+limiting+the+number+of+pest+control+treatments.+Production+means+only+differed+in+terms+of+pest+control+management+(choice+of+products+and+application+strategy).+Each+of+the+parcels+covered+approximately+0.30+ha.+An+agro-environmental+evaluation+of+these+two+systems+was+made+for+2003%2C+using+the+INDIGO+Vigne+method+at+the+plot+level.+Because+of+their+nature%2C+the+choice+of+parameters+for+the+indicators+used+determines+the+interpretation+of+the+results.+Nevertheless%2C+it+appears+that+the+environmental+impact+of+integrated+production+is+more+favourable+in+this+case+than+that+of+organic+farming%2C+particularly+in+terms+of+pest+control+and+energy+indicators.+One+of+the+reasons+for+this+is+the+high+number+of+applications+of+pest+control+treatments+in+organic+farming+and%2C+as+a+result%2C+higher+energy+consumption%2C+as+well+as+the+use+of+copper+that+has+a+major+impact+on+deep+waters%2C+the+ground+and+the+air.+The+two+systems+can+decrease+their+environmental+impact+by+limiting+the+number+of+tractor+runs+for+soil+maintenance.+Flexibility+appears+to+be+greater+in+the+case+of+integrated+production+since%2C+contrary+to+organic+farming%2C+it+can+use+herbicides+under+the+row.+The+calculation+of+the+agro-environmental+evaluation+on+the+parcel+using+integrated+protection+with+chemical+weeding+under+the+row+leads+to+a+clear+improvement+of+the+energy+indicator%2C+without+significantly+decreasing+the+value+of+the+pest+control+indicator.+Natural+sodding+of+the+inter-row%2C+when+the+vigour+of+the+vineyard+allows+it%2C+provides+an+effective+solution+since+the+decrease+in+the+number+of+tractor+runs+leads+to+an+improvement+of+erosion+and+organic+matter+indicators.+This+type+of+evaluation+should+be+carried+out+at+the+scale+of+a+group+of+plots+or+of+an+entire+wine-farm.+Ground+maintenance+is+an+important+factor+in+decreasing+the+impact+of+grape+growing+on+the+environment.+In+this+respect%2C+organic+farming+offers+some+promising+prospects.&rft.publisher=INRA&rft.contributor=BELLON%2C+S.+&rft.contributor=DIOLEZ%2C+A.+&rft.contributor=HUYGHE%2C+C.+&rft.contributor=PENVERN%2C+S.+&rft.contributor=SAVINI%2C+I.+&rft.date=2009-01&rft.type=Journal+paper&rft.type=NonPeerReviewed&rft.format=application%2Fpdf&rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Forgprints.org%2F15490%2F1%2F35-Forget.pdf&rft.identifier=FORGET%2C+D.%3B+LACOMBE%2C+J.+and+DURAND%2C+A.+(2009)+Agro-environmental+evaluation+of+vineyard+management+using+organic+farming+and+integrated+plant+production+systems.+[Evaluation+agri-environnementale+de+la+conduite+de+la+vigne+en+agriculture+biologique+et+en+production+int%C3%83%C2%A9gr%C3%83%C2%A9e.]+Carrefours+de+l'Innovation+Agronomique%2C+4%2C+pp.+253-258.&rft.relation=http%3A%2F%2Forgprints.org%2F15490%2F