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        <dc:title>Haltung, Gesundheit und gegenseitiges Besaugen von Kälbern&#13;
auf biologischen Betrieben in Österreich</dc:title>
        <dc:creator>Waiblinger, Ao.Univ.Prof.Dr. Susanne</dc:creator>
        <dc:creator>Gugatschka, Mag. Marion</dc:creator>
        <dc:subject> Health and welfare</dc:subject>
        <dc:description>The aim of this project was to collect data about housing and health of dairy calves&#13;
and the occurrence of cross-sucking in organic dairy farms. A questionnaire was sent&#13;
to 300 organic dairy cow farms in Lower Austria. 99 questionnaires were returned&#13;
(33%). On average the farms kept 15 cows, nearly half of them in tie-stalls and half&#13;
loose-housed. 52 farms declared to keep calves group-housed from the first or the&#13;
second week of life (lw), 14 farms kept their calves always in single pens. 23 farms&#13;
weaned calves before lw 12, starting with lw5. Cross-sucking in calves occurred on 62&#13;
farms, intersucking in cows on 26 farms. Cross-sucking in calves was observed on&#13;
less farms with single housed calves compared to farms with group-housed calves,&#13;
according to expectations. But early group housing (start at latest on second week) did&#13;
not differ from later group housing (lw 3 – 8). Also, diseases were not associated with&#13;
type of housing. In sum, there is need for further advancement and advice to improve&#13;
calf housing and welfare.</dc:description>
        <dc:date>2009</dc:date>
        <dc:type>Conference paper, poster, etc. </dc:type>
        <dc:type>NonPeerReviewed</dc:type>
        <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
        <dc:identifier>http://orgprints.org/14560/1/Waiblinger_14560.pdf</dc:identifier>
        <dc:identifier>Waiblinger, Ao.Univ.Prof.Dr. Susanne and Gugatschka, Mag. Marion (2009) Haltung, Gesundheit und gegenseitiges Besaugen von Kälbern auf biologischen Betrieben in Österreich. 10. Wissenschaftstagung Ökologischer Landbau, Zürich, 11.-13. Februar 2009.</dc:identifier>
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