?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.title=DOK-Versuch+(Langzeituntersuchung+zu+biologisch-dynamischen%2C+organisch-biologischen+und+konventionellen+Landbausystemen)&rft.subject=+Soil&rft.subject=+Biodiversity+and+ecosystem+services&rft.description=An+understanding+of+agro-ecosystems+is+key+to+determining+effective+farming+systems.+Here+we+report+the+21-year+study+of+agronomic+and+ecological+performance+of+bio-dynamic%2C+bio-organic%2C+and+conventional+farming+systems+in+Central+Europe.+We+found+crop+yields+to+be+20+%25+lower+in+the+organic+systems%2C+although+input+of+fertiliser+and+energy+was+reduced+by+34+%C3%A2%C2%80%C2%93+53+%25++and+pesticide+input+by+97+%25.+Enhanced+soil+fertility+and+higher+biodiversity+found+in+organic+plots+may+render+these+systems+less+dependent+on+external+inputs.%0D%0ADefinition+of+the+problem%3A%0D%0A%09Soils+are+well+buffered+systems+and+an+adaptation+of+the+soil+-+plant+relationship+from+high-input+to+low+external+input+farming+practices+may+last+decades.+For+instance%2C+soil+nutrient+stocks+are+frequently+huge+in+European+soils+and+a+normalisation+after+conversion+to+organic+low-input+systems+needs+time.+Also+the+adaptation+of+the+soil+micro-flora+to+altered+chemical+soil+conditions+presumably+occurs+only+after+a+prolonged+period+of+time+upon+conversion+from+high-input+to+low-input+farming.+Therefore%2C+long-term+trials+are+essential+to+assess+the+agronomic+performance+of+low-input+production+systems+and+a+focus+should+be+put+on+studying+the+underlying+soil+processes.%0D%0AProject+aims%3A%0D%0A-%09to+analyse+the+long-term+agronomic+performance+of+a+Swiss+wheat+cultivar+under+organic+and+integrated+farming+systems+(continued)+%0D%0A-%09to+investigate+the+interrelations+of+soil+properties+and+plant+growth+in+different+farming+systems%0D%0AExperiments%3A%0D%0A-%09to+perform+a+system+comparison+experiment+with+organic+and+integrated+farming+(continued%2C+running+since+1978)%0D%0A-%09to+assess+soil+chemical%2C+physical+and+biological+properties%0D%0A-%09to+determine+nitrogen+and+phosphorus+dynamics+related+processes+in+the+soil-plant+%C3%A2%C2%80%C2%93microorganisms+-+system%0D%0A-%09to+study+the+soil+-+plant+interface%0D%0AMethodology%3A%0D%0ASoil+microbial+biomass+analyses%2C+enzyme+activities%2C+characterisation+of+microbial+populations+(Biolog%2C+PLFA%2C+DNA)%2C+assessment+of+mycorrihizal+root+colonisation+and+diversity+by+molecular+tools%2C+isotope+tracer+and+dilution+techniques.&rft.type=Project+description&rft.type=NonPeerReviewed&rft.identifier=%7BProject%7D+DOK%3A+DOK-Versuch+(Langzeituntersuchung+zu+biologisch-dynamischen%2C+organisch-biologischen+und+konventionellen+Landbausystemen).+[DOK+Trial+(long-term+trial+comparing+bio-dynamic%2C+organic%2C+conventional).]+Runs+1978+-+2011.+Project+Leader(s)%3A+M%C3%83%C2%A4der%2C+Paul+and+Fliessbach%2C+Andreas%2C+Research+Institute+of+Organic+Agriculture+(FiBL)%2C+CH-5070+Frick.+More+information+online+at+%3Chttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.fibl.org%2Fenglish%2Fresearch%2Fannual-crops%2Fdok%2Findex.php+%3Chttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.fibl.org%2Fenglish%2Fresearch%2Fannual-crops%2Fdok%2Findex.php%3E%3E.&rft.relation=http%3A%2F%2Forgprints.org%2F14554%2F