{ "eprintid": "13564", "rev_number": "1", "eprint_status": "archive", "userid": "2172", "dir": "disk0/00/01/35/64", "datestamp": "2008-07-08", "lastmod": "2009-08-20 14:39:24", "status_changed": "2009-08-20 14:39:24", "type": "report", "metadata_visibility": "show", "item_issues_count": "0", "doclang": "en", "projects": [ "uk-iota", "uk-ocw", "uk_defra" ], "refereed": "never", "budget": "0", "docurl": "http://www.organicadvice.org.uk/papers/Res_review_6_little.pdf", "altloc": [ "http://www.organicadvice.org.uk/index.htm" ], "publicfulltext": "TRUE", "creators": [ { "name": { "family": "Little", "given": "Tony" }, "id": "" } ], "title": "Monitoring and Management of Energy and Emissions in agriculture", "ispublished": "pub", "subjects": [ "environment", "5emissions" ], "keywords": "Agriculture, organic farming, energy, emissions, reducing energy, reducing emissions", "abstract": "The primary purpose of this review is to collate the results of research into energy use and emissions in organic farming, and to provide advisors with an analysis of the results, access to the data used and a review of the benchmarking methodologies available. The review will inform those working in the development of benchmarking tools and advising farmers on practices to improve their performance. Specifically it will: •Identify organic management practices to reduce energy inputs and minimise the global warming potential of the system •Identify appropriate auditing methodologies •Facilitate access to input data (energy use and emissions figures for agricultural activities) which can be used in the development of an auditing tool •Summarise the energy and emissions levels found in organic farming systems and comparable conventional systems.", "date": "2008", "date_type": "published", "institution": "Institute of Organic Training and Advice (IOTA), Craven Arms", "referencetext": "Allen, J; Davies, T; McCombe, E (2007) ‘Carbon emissions related to on farm milk production’ Kite Consulting. Ball, A.S; Pretty, J,N (2002) ‘ Agricultural influences on carbon emission and sequestration’ in Powell et. al, . Proceedings of the COR conference 26-28 March 2002, Aberystwyth pp 247-249. Bentley Fox, H (2006): ‘Greenhouse Gas Audit and recommendations for Commonwork as a zero fossil energy farm (ZEF)’ Commonwork Trust pp 63. Bentley-Fox, H (2004) ‘Energy Inputs into Arable/ forage crop at Sheepdrove Organic Farm’ Organic Research Centre, Elm Farm pp 22. Bos, J.F.F.P; de Haan, J.J; Sukkel, W; Schils, R.L.M (2007). Paper presnted and 3rd QLIF conference, March 20-23, Hohenheim, Germany. Boisdon, I; Benoit, M (2006) Compared energy efficiency of dairy cow and meat sheep farms, in organic and in conventional farming. Paper presented at Joint Organic Congress, Odense, Denmark,May 30-31, 2006. CALU (2007) ‘Managing energy and carbon: the farmer’s guide to energy audits’ Centre for Alternative Land use’, pp34. Cormack, W; Metcalfe, P (2000) ‘Energy use in organic farming systems’ DEFRA pp 21. DEFRA (2005) ‘The validity of food miles as an Indicator of sustainable development’ DEFRA pp 103. DEFRA (2001) UK Climate change programme. Department for the Environmment, Food and Rural Affairs, London. DEFRA (undated a) ‘Impacts of climate change on the agricultural industry: A review of research outputs from DEFRA’s CC03 and related programmes. DEFRA pp 78. DEFRA (undated b) ‘Policy paper on local food’ DEFRA pp 10. FAO (2001) ‘Global estimates of gaseous emmisions of NH3, NO, N2O from agricultural land’ FAO pp 67. Flemming (2001) ‘The great oil denial’ The Cabinet Office pp 12 (on line) http://www.cabinetoffice.gov.uk/strategy/downloads/work_areas/energy/submissions/Fleming.pdf Cited 17/05/2007. IFOAM (2005), IFOAM principles (online) http://www.ifoam.org/about_ifoam/principles/index.html. Cited 17/05/2007. IPCC (2006) ‘Special Report on Emissions Scenarios’ IPCC. Jones, A (2001) ‘Eating oil: Food supply in a changing climate’ Sustain/ Organic Research Centre Elm Farm pp89. Organic Research Centre Elm Farm (work in progress). ‘Environmental Benchmarking for organic Farming systems’ DEFRA Project OF0348. Pimentel, D; Hepperly, P; Hanson, J; Douds, D; Seidel, R. (2005) “Environmental, Energetic, and Economic Comparisons of Organic and Conventional Farming Systems” BioScience 55: 573–582). Pimentel, D (2006) ‘Impacts of organic farming on the efficiency of energy use in agriculture.’ The Organic Center, Cornell University (pp39). Pretty, J.N; Ball, A.S; Lang, T; Morison, J.I.L (2005)‘Farm costs and food miles: An assessment of the the full cost of the UK weekly food basket’ Food Policy Vol 1 1-19. Robertson, G.P; Paul, A.P; Harwood, R.R (2000) ‘Greenhouse gasses in intensive agriculture: contributions of individual Gases to the radiative forcing of the atmosphere’ Science Vol 289 1922- 925. Soil Association (2007) ‘Response to the Manchester Business School report “Environmental Impacts of Food Production and Consumption”’. Soil association press release http://www.soilassociation.org/web/sa/saweb.nsf/media/index.html, cited 17/05/2007. The Carbon Trust (2006) ‘Agriculture and Horticulture. Introducing energy saving opportunities for farmers and growers’. The Carbon Trust pp30. The Carbon Trust (2005) ‘Energy use in pig farming’. The carbon Trust pp 13. The Carbon Trust (2004) ‘Energy benchmarks and saving measures for protected greenhouse horticulture’. The Carbon Trust pp14. University of Florida (1991) ‘Units, Equivalents and energy constants – Appendix C of the ‘Energy Information Handbook’ Florida Energy Extension Service. Williams, A.G.; Audsley, E; Sandars, D.L. (2006) ‘Determining the environmental burdens and resource use in the production of agricultural and horticultural commodities’. DEFRA/ Cranfield University pp 97.", "full_text_status": "public", "documents": [ { "docid": "8984", "rev_number": "1", "eprintid": "13564", "pos": "1", "format": "application/pdf", "language": "en", "security": "public", "main": "Res_review_6_little.pdf", "files": [ { "filename": "Res_review_6_little.pdf", "filesize": "117482", "url": "http://orgprints.org/13564/1/Res_review_6_little.pdf" } ] } ] }