?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.title=Guidance+notes+to+operators+including+recommendations+in+relation+to+nutrient+supply+&rft.creator=Nicholas%2C+P&rft.creator=Sundrum%2C+A&rft.creator=Padel%2C+S&rft.subject=+Regulation&rft.subject=+Poultry&rft.subject=+Pigs&rft.subject=+Feeding+and+growth&rft.description=Restriction+in+the+use+of+inputs+and+therefore+limited+availability+of+certain+nutrient+resources+is+a+key+characteristic+of+organic+farming.+Making+best+use+of+resources+available+on+the+farm+implies+that+diet+formulation+needs+to+consider+the+availability+of+home%C3%A2%C2%80%C2%93grown+feed+materials+and+the+nutrient+requirements+of+the+livestock%2C+as+well+as+taking+into+account+factors+outside+the+farm+gate%2C+such+as+market+conditions+and+consumer+expectations.+%0D%0AIt+is+therefore+an+on-going+challenge+for+organic+farmers+to+balance+the+different+demands+and+the+resources+available.%0D%0AIn+the+move+towards+100%25+organic+diets+organic+pig+and+poultry+producers+are+currently+faced+with+a+number+of+key+issues+in+relation+to+the+supply+of+energy+and+particularly+protein+that+are+addressed+in+this+document.+This+guide+is+aimed+at+those+involved+with+organic+pig+and+poultry+production%2C+and+summarises+the+main+results+of+two+Deliverables+4.1+and+4.2+of+the+project+EC+2092%2F91+(Organic)+Revision1+on+the+possibilities+and+limitations+of+protein+supply+in+organic+poultry+and+pig+production.+%0D%0AIt+covers+a+range+of+issues+that+are+relevant+either+to+feed+millers+or+to+farmers+or+to+both+alike.+These+include%3A+%0D%0A-+Balance+of+supply+and+demand%0D%0A-+Continuity%2C+batch+size+and+quality+of+supply+of+organically+grown+cereals%0D%0A-+Shortages+in+the+supply+of+organic+feed+in+several+EU+countries%0D%0A-+Dietary+requirements+under+conditions+of+organic+farming%0D%0A-+Dietary+requirements+of+organically+reared+pigs+and+poultry+during+the+various+life-stages+(taking+into+account+outdoor+rearing+systems)%3F%0D%0A-+How+far+can+the+specification+of+fattening+rations+for+pigs+and+poultry%2C+and+different+breeds+within+these+livestock+categories%2C+deviate+from+the+optima%3F%0D%0A-+Is+there+potential+to+reduce+the+energy+content+of+the+diet+to+increase+intake+and+hence+increase+the+total+intake+of+limiting+amino+acids%3F%0D%0A-+What+is+the+organic+livestock+industry%2C+particularly+the+poultry+sector%2C+doing+to+develop+breeds+and+production+systems+that+require+less+intensive+feeding%3F%0D%0A-+What+protein+sources+can+be+used%3F+(Grain+legumes%2C+Fish+meal%2C+Rape+seed)%0D%0A-+Will+further+derogations+be+available%3F%0D%0A-+Challenges+for+producing+home-grown+feeds+and+suggestions+for+overcoming+them.+%0D%0A%0D%0AThe+report+concludes+that+organic+production+of+pigs+and+poultry+aims+for+land+based+production+systems+and+reduction+in+production+intensity+in+terms+of+the+use+of+external+inputs.+This+is+different+from+the+production+goal+of+intensified+conventional+production+of+improving+live-weight+gain%2C+protein+accretion+and+feed+conversion+rate+while+at+the+same+time+reducing+production+costs.+Moving+away+from+high+production+levels+as+a+main+aim+of+a+farm+system%2C+and+striving+for+balanced+and+land-related+animal+production+has+its+associated+costs.+The+reduction+in+the+intensity+implies+fewer+burdens%0D%0Aon+the+environment+but+also+decreases+in+livestock+performance+and+increases+in+production+costs.+%0D%0AConsumers+are+willing+to+pay+a+premium+for+this+increased+quality%2C+and+this+is+necessary+to+compensate+for+the+additional+costs+in+production+method.+Hence%2C+it+is+of+high+importance+to+minimise+any+of+these+production+cost+increases+without+compromising+the+product+quality+by+using+as+few+external+inputs+as+possible+and+as+many+as+necessary.%0D%0ADiscussions+as+to+what+types+of+organic+pig+and+poultry+production+systems+best+represent+the+compromise+between+the+different+goals+and+principles+of+organic+farming+are+likely+to+continue+within+the+organic+livestock+sector.+Due+to+the+variation+between+farms+and+regions%2C+there+cannot+be+any+general+recommendations+on+how+to+deal+with+the+limited+availability+of+high+quality+protein+feed+stuffs+in+organic+pig+and+poultry+livestock+production.+There+is+variation+in+the+availability+of+high+quality+feedstuffs%2C+the+digestibility+and+utilization+of+amino+acids+varies+between+the+various+feedstuffs%2C+and+there+are+differences+in+the+capacity+of+protein+accretion+and+feed+intake+between%0D%0Agenotypes%2C+and+in+the+housing+and+feeding+conditions+on+farms.+The+feeding+strategies+therefore+need+to+be+both+farm+and+region+specific.+The+variability+of+specific+optimisation+strategies+of+how+to+achieve+100%25+organic+diets+should+correspond+to+the+variability+within+organic+livestock+production.%0D%0AThis+makes+the+farmer+the+most+important+regulator+of+the+system+who+can+change+aspects+of+the+system+to+achieve+greater+balance.+In+order+to+assess+the+requirement+for+supplementary+feed+within+an+organic+farm+system%2C+it+is+necessary+to+monitor+feed+demand+and+the+supply+and+quality+of+home-grown+feedstuffs.+Accuracy+in+the+formulation+of+feed+rations+according+to+the+individual+requirements+of+livestock+and+precise+allocation+and+monitoring+of+actual+feed+intake+are+essential+tools+in+the+management+of+organic+pigs+and+poultry.+&rft.date=2007-10&rft.type=Report&rft.type=NonPeerReviewed&rft.format=application%2Fpdf&rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Forgprints.org%2F13342%2F1%2FD_4_3_Feed_Guidance_Notes_October_2007.pdf&rft.identifier=Nicholas%2C+P%3B+Sundrum%2C+A+and+Padel%2C+S+(2007)+Guidance+notes+to+operators+including+recommendations+in+relation+to+nutrient+supply.+EEC+2092%2F91+(Organic+Revision+Project+Report)%2C+D+4.3.&rft.relation=http%3A%2F%2Forgprints.org%2F13342%2F