{
  "eprintid": "12821",
  "rev_number": "1",
  "eprint_status": "archive",
  "userid": "348",
  "dir": "disk0/00/01/28/21",
  "datestamp": "2008-10-20",
  "lastmod": "2009-08-20 14:38:21",
  "status_changed": "2009-08-20 14:38:21",
  "type": "report",
  "metadata_visibility": "show",
  "item_issues_count": "0",
  "doclang": "en",
  "publishedas": "ISBN: 978-87-991343-5-9",
  "projects": [
    "kassel-market-research",
    "a-uni-wien-boku-ifoel",
    "FCP",
    "uk-aberystwyth-rural-studies"
  ],
  "refereed": "never",
  "seriesno": "1897",
  "budget": "0",
  "docurl": "http://fcp.coreportal.org/",
  "altloc": [
    "http://fcp.coreportal.org/",
    "http://orgprints.org/15199/",
    "http://orgprints.org/11028/"
  ],
  "publicfulltext": "TRUE",
  "presentationtype": "paper",
  "creators": [
    {
      "name": {
        "family": "Padel",
        "given": "Susanne"
      },
      "id": "348"
    },
    {
      "name": {
        "family": "Gössinger",
        "given": "Katherina"
      },
      "id": ""
    }
  ],
  "title": "Farmer Consumer Partnerships Communicating Ethical Values: a conceptual framework",
  "ispublished": "pub",
  "subjects": [
    "5markets",
    "6values",
    "4social"
  ],
  "keywords": "organicPlus approaches, Corporate Social Responsibility, cultural values, communication arguments, FCP",
  "suggestions": "",
  "abstract": "The CORE-Organic Farmer Consumer Partnership project develops and tests innovative generic communication strategies as a valuable tool for the strategic positioning of organic companies and farmers' initiatives in the five partner countries: Austria, Germany, Italy, Switzerland and the UK. The main objective is to determine how commitment to a broader range of ethical values than those covered by European organic regulations can be reflected in communication with customers. This report represents the outcome of the first two work packages (WPs 1 & 2). In WP 1, a conceptual framework for communicating ethical approaches in organic agriculture was developed. The most important ethical traditions frequently mentioned in the context of ethical consumerism and Corporate Social Responsibility was reviewed. It was established which of the concerns expressed by organic stakeholders go beyond current organic standards, in particular the European Regulations. These concerns and the activities with which they are associated are referred to as ‘organicPlus’ in this report. In WP 2, in a two step empirical study, organicPlus approaches and ‘communication arguments’ of organic companies were identified by analysing written company material and qualitative interviews. The first step involved mapping 101 companies to develop a general understanding of the issues for organic SMEs. In a second step, the background of organicPlus approaches was explored in greater detail in 20 case study companies. Chapter 1 summarises the basic rationale for the project. OrganicPlus activities have the potential to differentiate organic products in a growing and increasingly globalised market, where organic products compete with other ethical choices such as local or regional foods and ‘Fairtrade’ products. In Chapter 2, the relevance of ethical consumerism, fair trade and ethical business management concepts, such as Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), for the organic sector is explored. Chapter 3 uses stages of a tool-kit for food companies (Corporate Moral Responsibility Manual by Brom et al., 2006) to explore values expressed in literature about the organic sector and compares them with the European Regulation (EEC) 2092/91 and (EC) 834/2007 on organic production. Chapter 4 describes how organic companies in the five partner countries integrate organicPlus approaches in their activities. The final chapter brings together the findings from the two WPs and provides concluding remarks related to the organicPlus approach, the most promising communication arguments for further study and some general conclusions and recommendations.",
  "date": "2008",
  "date_type": "published",
  "series": "CORE Organic Project Report",
  "institution": "Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth & University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna",
  "referencetext": "Adams, C. A. and Zutshi, A. (2005) Corporate Disclosure and Auditing. In: Harrison, R., Newholm, T. and Shaw, D. eds. The Ethical Consumer. London: Sage Publications, pp. 207-218. AIAB (2007) Bio agricoltura sociale. Buona due volte. Risultati dell’indagine di AIAB sulle bio-fattorie sociali. Realtà, problematiche, prospettive di sviluppo (Organic Social Farming, Twice As Good! Results of the AIAB survey on organic-social farms). Associatione Italiana per l'Agricultura Biologica. Quaderni AIAB 1/2007. Rome. Alroe, H. F., Byrne, J. and Glover, L. (2006) Organic Agriculture and Ecological Justice: ethics and practise. In: Halberg, N., Alroe, H. F., Knudsen, M. T. and Kristensen, E. S. eds. Global Development of Organic Agriculture: Challenges and Prospects Wallingford: CAB International, pp. 75-112. Alrøe, H. F. and Kjeldsen, C. (2006) How to measure and regulate localness? Odense: DARCOF Ayres, N., Midmore, P. and Padel, S. (2008) Biographies of Organic Consumers in the UK. UK report for QLIF WP 1.2.2. Aberystwyth University. Aberystwyth. Barnett, C., Cafaro, P. and Newholm, T. (2005) Philosophy of ethical consumption. In: Harrison, R., Newholm, T. and Shaw, D. eds. The Ethical Consumer London: Sage Publication, pp. 11-24. Berry, W. (1997) A Rare Breeds Album of American Livestock. Bixby: Christman Sponenberg. BLE (2006) Preispolitische Spielräume für regional erzeugte ökologische Produkte: Analyse und Umsetzung einer regionalen Marketingstrategie bei Biomilchprodukten Bundesanstalt für Landwirtschaft und Ernährung (BLE). Bonn. Brocchi, D. (2007) Die Umweltkrise – eine Krise der Kultur. In: Gunther Altner et al. (Hrsg.): Jahrbuch der Ökologie 2008. München: C. H. Beck, 115-126. In: Altner, G., Leitschuh-Fecht, H., Michelsen, G., Simonis, U. E. and Weizsäcker, E. U. V. eds. Jahrbuch der Ökologie 2008. München:: C. H. Beck, pp. 115-126. Brom, F., Bakker, E. d., Deblonde, M. and Graaff, R. d. (2006) Corporate Moral Responsibility Manual. LEI. The Hague. Browne, A. W., Harris, P. J. C., Hofny-Collins, A. H., Pasiecznik, N. and Wallace, R. R. (2000) Organic production and ethical trade: definition, practice and links. Food Policy, 25 (1), 69-89. Buck, D., Getz, C. and Guthman, J. (1991) From farm to table: the organic vegetable commodity chain of Northern California. Sociologica Ruralis, 37 (1), 3-20. CIWF (undated) A Guide For Teachers And Lecturers: ETHICS AND ANIMAL FARMING: A Web-based interactive exercise for students using the Ethical Matrix. Compassion in Word Farming. Petersfield. Clarke, N., Cloke, P., Barnett, C. and Malpass, A. (2008) The spaces and ethics of organic food. Journal of Rural Studies, 24 (3), 219-230. DARCOF (2000) Principles of Organic Farming. Danish Research Centre for Organic Farming. Discussion Document for the DARCOF User Committee. Tjele. de Wit, J. and Verhoog, H. (2007) Organic values and the conventionlisation of organic agriculture. NJAS Wageningen Journal of Life Sciences, 54 (4), 449-462. Di Iacovo, F. and Ciofani, D. (2005) Le funzioni sociali dell’agricoltura: analisi teorica ed evidenze empiriche [Social services in multifunctional farms: theory and practices]. Rivista di Economia Agraria, 2 EC-COM (2004) European Action Plan for Organic Food and Farming. Communication from the Commision [COM(2004) 415 final]. Commission of the European Communities. Brussels. EC-COM (2006) Implementing The Partnership For Growth And Jobs: Making Europe A Pole Of Excellence On Corporate Social Responsibility. Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council and the European Economic and Social Committee. European Commision. COM (2006) 136 final. Brussels. EC (1991) Council Regulation (EEC) No 2092/91 of 24 June 1991 on organic production of agricultural products and indications referring thereto on agricultural products and foodstuffs. Official Journal of the European Communities, L198 (22.7.91), 1-15. EC (2007) Council Regulation (EC) No 834/2007 of 28 June 2007 on organic production and labelling of organic products and repealing Regulation (EEC) No 2092/91. Official Journal of the European Union, L 189 (20.7.2007), 1-23. FLO (2007) Generic Fairtrade Standards for Small Farmers' Organizations. Fairtrade Labelling Organisastion. Bonn. Fomsgaard, S. I. (2006) The Evolution and Status of Organic Principles in an International Perspective. Economics, Politics and Public Administration, Aalborg University. OASE Working Paper No. 5. Aalborg. Fox, T. and Vorley, B. (2004) 'Race to the Top;: Stakeholder accountability in the UK supermarket sector. International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED). London. Franco, S. and Santis, V. D. (2007) Il valore dei prodotti dell’impresa agricola sociale [The value of social farm products]. QA- Rivista dell’Associazione Rossi-Doria (formerly La Questione Agraria), , (1 ), Freyer (2008) The Differentiation Process in Organic Agriculture (OA) – between Capitalistic Market System and IFOAM Principles. Modena, Italy, June 16-20, 2008: International Society of Organic Agriculture Research (ISOFAR), c/o IOL, DE-Bonn, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture FiBL, CH-Frick. Gassner, B., Freyer, B. & H. Leitner, Freyer, B. and Leitner, H. (2008) Labour Quality Model for Organic Farming Food Chains. Modena, Italy, June 16-20, 2008: International Society of Organic Agriculture Research (ISOFAR), c/o IOL, DE-Bonn, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture FiBL, CH-Frick. Geen, N., Firth, C., Maye, D. and Ilbery, B. (2006) Diverse characteristics of organic direct marketing chains. In: Atkinson, C., Ball, B., Davies, D. H. K., Rees, R., Russel, G., Stockdale, E., Watson, C., Walker, R. and Younie, D. eds. What will organic farming deliver? COR 2006. Wellesbourne: Association of Applied Biologists pp. 75-79. Grunert, K. G. (2005) Food quality and safety: consumer perception and demand European Review of Agricultural Economics 32 (3), 369–391. Guthman, J. (2004) The trouble with 'Organic Lite' in California: a rejoinder to the 'conventionalisation' debate. Sociologia Ruralis, 44 (3), 301-316. Hansen, L. (2004) Hansen, Lene (2004) What is the Working Environment like on Organic Farms? Forskningsnytt om økologisk landbruk i Norden. Harrison, R., Newholm, T. and Shaw, D. (Eds.) (2005) The Ethical Consumer, London: SAGE Publications. Hughner, R. S., McDonach, P., Prothero, A., Shultz, C. S. I. and Stanton, J. (2007) Who are organic food consumers? A compilation and review of why people purchase organic food. Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 6 94-110. IFOAM (2005a) The IFOAM Norms for Organic Production and Processing. Version 2005. IFOAM. IFOAM (2005b) Principles of Organic Agriculture International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements. Bonn. IG-Milch (2006) A faire Milch. IGD (2008) Ethical Shopping- Are consumers turning green Extracts of the report. IGD Consumer Unit. Watford, UK. IISD (2004) ISO Social Responsibility Standardization: An outline of the issues. International Institute for Sustainable Development. Winnipeg, Manitoba. Jacobsen, E. and Dulsrud, A. (2007) Will consumers save the world? The framing of political consumerism. Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics, 20 469-482. Jenkins, H. (2006) Small Business Champions for Corporate Social Responsibility. Journal of Business Ethics, 67 (3), 241-256. Jones, P., Comfort, D. and Hillier, D. (2007) What’s in store? Retail marketing and corporate social responsibility. Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 25 (1), 17-30. Kyed, S., Kristensen, I. B. and Tvedegaard, N. (2006) Gødning og halm i økologisk jordbrug [Manure and straw in organic agriculture]. . Økologisk Landsforening; Danmarks JordbrugsForskning; Fødevareøkonomisk Institut, KVL Copenhagen. Lamb, H. (2007) The Fairtrade consumer. In: Wright, S. and Mccrea, D. eds. The Handbook of Organic and Fair Trade Food Marketing. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, pp. 54-81. Lautermann, C., Pfriem, R., Wieland, J., Fürst, M. and Pforr, S. (2005 ) Ethikmanagement in der Naturkostbranche - Eine Machbarkeitsstudie [Business Ethics and Sustainability in the Organic food Sector] Lehrstuhl für Allgemeine Betriebswirtschaftslehre, Unternehmensführung und Betriebliche Umweltpolitik, Carl von Ossietzky Universität. 04 OE 024. Oldenburg. Leitner, H., Axmann, P. and Bartel-Kratochvil, R. (2007) Beitrag des Biologischen Landbaus zu einer nachhaltigen regionalen Entwicklung. Ökologisch-sozioökonomische Analyse entlang der Produktketten von Niederösterreichischem Bio-Brotgetreide. . Amt der Niederösterreichischen Landesregierung Gruppe Raumordnung, Umwelt und Verkehr Abteilung Umweltwirtschaft und Raumordnungsförderung. Forschungsbericht I/137. Leitner, H., Bartel-Kratochvil, R. and Axmann, P. (2006) Regional Players in between conventionalisation and regional development: Are supermarkets the wolves in sheep’s clothing? Odense, Denmark: Lindenthal, T., Verdorfer, R. and Bartel-Kratochvil, R. (2006) Konventionalisierung oder Professionalisierung: Entwicklungen des Biolandbaus am Beispiel Österreich In: Hirte, K. E. A. eds. Ökolandbau - mehr als eine Verfahrenslehre? . Kassel: Eigenverlag, Universität Kassel-Witzenhausen, pp. Lockie, S., Lyons, K., Lawrence, G. and Halpin, D. (2006) Going Organic. Mobilizing Networks for Environmentally Responsible Food Production. Wallingford: CABI Publishing. Lund, V. and Röcklinsberg, H. (2001) Outlining a conception of animal welfare for organic farming systems. Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics, 14 391-424. Luttikholt, L. W. M. (2007) Principles of organic agriculture as formulated by the International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements NJAS Wageningen Journal of Life Sciences, 54 (4), 347-360. Macey, A. (Ed.) (2000) Organic Livestock Handbook, Ottawa: Canadian Organic Growers. Matten, D. and Moon, J. (2004) ‘Implicit’ and ‘Explicit’ CSR: A conceptual framework for understanding CSR in Europe. Ljubljana: Meeusen, M. J. G., Beekman, V., de Graaff, R. P. M. and Kroon, S. M. A. (2005) Biologische waarden in tweevoud. Waarden als determinanten van communicatie en samenwerking in biologische voedselketens. . Landbouw Economisch Instituut (LEI). Report 5.03.05 (Project code 63652). Den Haag. Morimoto, R., Ash, J. and Hope, C. (2005) Corporate Social Responsibility Audit: From Theory to Practice. Journal of Business Ethics, 62 315–325. Morison, D., Hine, R. and Pretty, J. N. (2005) Survey and nalysis of labour on organic farms in the UK and Republic of Ireland. International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability, 3 (1), 24-43. Nicholls, A. and Opal, C. (2004) Fair Trade. Market Driven Ethical Consumption. London: SAGE Publications. Niggli, U. (2000) Ethical values and historical dogmas of organic farming: promise or peril for its future development? . In: Robinson, P. eds. Two systems – one world. Preprints 2nd Eursafe Congress, 24-26 August Copenhagen: Centre for Bioethics and Risk Assessment, , pp. 23-27. O`Boyle, E. J. (1994) Homo Socio-Economicus: Foundational to Social Economics and the Social Economy Review of Social Economy, 52 Padel, S. (2005) Focus groups of value concepts of organic producers and other stakeholders. EEC 2092/91 (Organic) Revision: Project report D 2.1. University of Wales, Aberystwyth (UWA). Aberystwyth. Padel, S. and Midmore, P. (2005) The development of the European market for organic products: insights from a Delphi study. British Food Journal, 107 (8), 626-647. Padel, S., Röcklinsberg, H., Verhoog, H., Schmid, O., de Wit, J., Alrøe, H. F. and Kjeldsen, C. (2007) Balancing and integrating basic values in the development of organic regulations and standards: proposal for a procedure using case studies of conflicting areas. EEC2092/91 (Organic) Revision (SSPE-CT-2004-502397): Project report D 2.3. University of Wales, Aberyswyth (UWA) and Danish Research Centre for organic Farming (DARCOF). Aberystwyth, Tjele. Prins, U. (2005) Verzelfstandiging van de biologische landbouw op het gebied van mest, voer en stro Louis Bolk Institute Driebergen. QLIF (2008) WP1.2.2: Consumption of Organic Food from a Life History Perspective – An Exploratory Study among British Danish and Italian Consumers Aberystwyth University, University of Marche and KVL. Aberystwyth, Ancona Reed, M. (2005) The socio-geographies of organic farming and “conventionalisation”: an examination through the academic road trip. Keszthely, Hungary Rippin, M., Vitulano, S., Zanoli, R. and Lampkin, N. (2006) Synthesis and final recommendations on the development of a European Information System for Organic Markets Eisfom - A European Information Systems for Organic Markets - QLK5-2002-02400. Zentrale Markt- und Preisberichtstelle, Polytechnic University of Marche, University of Wales, Aberystwyth. Bonn, Ancona and Aberystwyth. Roberts, S., Lawson, R. and Nicholls, J. (2006) Generating Regional-Scale Improvements in SME Corporate. Journal of Business Ethics, 67 (3), 275-286. Royle, T. (2005) Realism or idealism? Corporate social responsibility and the employee stakeholder in the global fast-food industry. Business Ethics: A European Review, 14 (January), 42-55. Rymer, C., Vaarst, M. and Padel, S. (Eds.) (2006) Future perspectives for animal health on organic farms: Main findings, conclusions and recommendations from the SAFO Network. Proceedings of the 5th SAFO Workshop Reading: SAFO. SA (2006) Soil Association Ethical Trade Organic Standards (Pilot). Soil Association. Plain English draft Version 1.2 Bristol. SA/WDA/OCW (2004) Organic Food: Understanding the consumer and increasing sales. Soil Association, Agri-food partnership, Organic Centre Wales, Welsh Development Agency, Welsh Assembly Government. Aberystwyth. Sarbutts, N. (2003) Can SMEs “do” CSR? A practitioner’s view of the ways small- and medium-sized enterprises are able to manage reputation through corporate social responsibility Journal: Journal of Communication Management, 7 340 - 347. Schmid, O., Huber, B., Ziegler, K., Jespersen, L. M., Jens Gronbech Hansen, Plakolm, G., Gilbert, J., Lomann, S., Micheloni, C. and Padel, S. (2007) Comparison of the EEC Reg.2092/91 and selected national and international organic standards as regards compliance and identification of specific areas where harmonisation, regionalisation or simplification may be implemented in EEC 2092/91. EEC 2092/91 (Organic) Revision: Project report D 3.2. Forschungsinstitut Biologischer Landbau (FIBL). Frick. Schmitt, K. (2005) Corporate social responsibility in der strategischen Unternehmensführung. Öko-Institut Berlin. Shreck, A., Getz, C. and Feenstra, G. (2006) Social sustainability, farm labor, and organic agriculture: Findings from an exploratory analysis. Agriculture and Human Values, 23 (4), 439-449 Singh, J., del Mar Garcia de los Salmones Sanchez, M. and Rodriguez del Bosque, I. (2007) Understanding Corporate Social Responsibility and Product Perceptions in Consumer Markets: A Cross-cultural Evaluation Journal of Business Ethics, online. Sobczak, A. and Burchardi, H. (2006) Erzeuger Fair Milch (Producer Fair milk). In: eds. Der kritische Agrarbericht. pp. 264-268. Spoolder, H., Biavati, B., Borgsteede, F., Davies, D., Klocke, P., Maurer, V., Nagel, P., Nicholas, P., van Krimpen, M., Mejer, H., Modesto, M., Strozzi, G. P., Thamsborg, S. M., Vermeer, H., Wagenaar, J.-P., Zollitsch, W. and Sundrum, A. (2008) Performance of organic and low input livestock systems: a matter of sound design? Modena, Italy, June 2008: Stoltenberg, U., Michelsen, G. and Schreiner, J. (Eds.) (1999) Umweltbildung - den Möglichkeitssinn wecken. NNA-Berichte Vol 12 (1). Torjusen, H., Sangstad, L., O'Doherty Jensen, K. and Kjaernes, U. (2004) European Consumers' Conception of Organic Food: A Review of Available Research. National Institute for Consumer Research (SIFO). Oslo. Vaarst, M., Roderick, S., Lund, V. and Lockeretz, W. (Eds.) (2004) Animal Health and Welfare in Organic Agriculture Wallingford: CABI Publishing. Vairo, D. and Paladini, M. E. (2006) Report on Focus Group with processors: . University de Marche. Unpublished results of the project EQUIZOOBIO on organic animal production Ancona. Veerhog, H., Matze, M., Lammerts von Bueren, E. and Baars, T. (2003) The role of the concept of natural (naturalness) in Organic Farming. Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics, 16 29-49. Vogl, C. R., Kilcher, L. and Schmidt, H. (2005) Are standards and regulations of organic farming moving away from small farmers' knowledge? . Journal of Sustainable Agriculture 26 (1), 5-26. Vogt, G. (2000) Entstehung und Entwicklung des oekologischen Landbaus im deutschsprachigen Raum. Bad Duerkheim: Stiftung Oekologie und Landbau. Willer, H., Yussefi-Menzler, M. and Soerensen, N. (2008) The World of Organic Agriculture: Statistics and Emerging Trends 2008. London: EarthScan. Williamson, D., Lynch-Wood, G. and Ramsay, J. (2006) Drivers of Environmental Behaviour in Manufacturing SMEs and the Implications for CSR. Journal of Business Ethics, 67 317-330. Worcester, R. and Dawkins, J. (2005) Surveying Ethical and enivoronmental attitudes. In: Harrison, R., Newholm, T. and Shaw, D. eds. The Ethical Consumer London: Sage Publication, pp. 189-203. Zanoli, R. (Ed.) (2004) The European Consumer and Organic Food, Aberystwyth School of Management and Business, University of Wales.",
  "day": "July 2008",
  "full_text_status": "public",
  "documents": [
    {
      "docid": "8595",
      "rev_number": "1",
      "eprintid": "12821",
      "pos": "1",
      "format": "application/pdf",
      "language": "en",
      "security": "public",
      "main": "CORE_FCP_Vol1_Final_31_July.pdf",
      "files": [
        {
          "filename": "CORE_FCP_Vol1_Final_31_July.pdf",
          "filesize": "945247",
          "url": "http://orgprints.org/12821/1/CORE_FCP_Vol1_Final_31_July.pdf"
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}