?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.title=Organic+Upland+Beef+and+Sheep+Production&rft.creator=Frost%2C+David&rft.creator=Jones%2C+Mark&rft.creator=van+Diepen%2C+Pauline&rft.creator=Jackson%2C+Andrew&rft.subject=+%22Organics%22+in+general&rft.subject=+Sheep+and+goats&rft.subject=+Beef+cattle&rft.subject=+Farm+economics&rft.description=The+technical+guide+addresses+the+issues+relevant+to+the+organic+beef+and+sheep+sector%2C+acknowledging+the+questions+that+are+frequently+directed+to+the+technical+%C3%A2%C2%80%C2%98Helpline%C3%A2%C2%80%C2%99+of+Organic+Centre+Wales.+%0D%0AIt+draws+on+the+experience+of+the+ADAS+Research+Farm+at+Pwllpeiran+and+is+intended+as+a+guide+for+those+with+an+interest+in+organic+beef+and+sheep+production+production.++%0D%0AThis+guide+is+in+three+interrelated+parts.+%0D%0AThe+first+part+deals+primarily+with+technical+issues+of+grassland+and+beef+and+sheep+management%2C+and+provides+practical+information+for+farmers+on+key+factors+influencing+the+performance+of+the+system.+%0D%0AThe+upland+organic+unit+at+ADAS+Pwllpeiran+in+mid-Wales+was+set+up+in+1993+to+examine+the+feasibility+of+organic+beef+and+sheep+production+in+the+hill+situation.+The+organic+unit+at+Pwllpeiran+ADAS+research+farm+located+in+the+Cambrian+Mountains+Environmentally+Sensitive+Area+(ESA)+of+mid-Wales+has+237.5+ha%2C+of+which+111+ha+achieved+full+organic+status+in+1995+and+a+further+126+ha+was+added+in+2004.+There+is+a+suckler+herd+of+Welsh+Black+cows+and+a+breeding+flock+of+Hardy+Speckled+Face+ewes+and+Texel+crosses.+%0D%0AAnnual+average+rainfal+at+300+metres+was+1765+mm%2C+compared+to+over+2500+mm+at+550+metres.%0D%0ABetween+1993+and+2001%2C+work+focused+on+the+feasibility+of+organic+livestock+production+in+the+hills.+With+EAGGF+Objective+5b+funding%2C+the+unit+was+compared+with+the+rest+of+the+farm+in+terms+of+grassland+productivity%2C+livestock+and+financial+per+formance.+Since+2001%2C+the+focus+has+been+on+key+problems+for+organic+upland+farmers%2C+particularly+livestock+health+and+welfare.+Methods+of+internal+and+ectoparasite+control%2C+feeding+to+organic+standards+and+maintaining+the+quality+of+forage+by+reseeding+upland+pastures+have+been+investigated.+%0D%0APart+2+is+a+review+of+the+financial+performance+of+organic+beef+and+sheep+farming+in+Wales%2C+provided+by+Andrew+Jackson%2C+of+the+Institute+of+Rural+Sciences%2C+University+of+Wales+Aberystwyth.+It+is+based+mainly+on+two+DEFRA+funded+studies%3A+%0D%0A%C3%A2%C2%80%C2%A2+Data+for+organic+farms+extracted+from+the+main+Farm+Business+Survey+in+Wales%0D%0A%C3%A2%C2%80%C2%A2+A+four+year+project+focusing+specifically+on+organic+farms%2C+drawing+on+all+Farm+Business+Survey+data+collected+for+organic+farms+across+England+and+Wales+as+well+as+independently+collected+data.+%0D%0AFrom+these+data%2C+it+is+possible+to+derive+whole+farm+income+data%2C+gross+margin+and+cost+of+production+data+to+give+an+overview+of+the+economics+of+organic+dairy+farming+in+Wales+for+the+latest+recorded+financial+periods+(2004%2F05)%0D%0AThe+third+and+final+part+consists+of+2+farmer+case+studies%2C+which+put+many+of+the+issues+discussed+in+parts+1+and+2+in+the+context+of+individual+farm+businesses.+We+are+grateful+for+the+co-operation+of+Blaen+y+Nant+and+Cannon+Farm.&rft.date=2007&rft.type=Other&rft.type=NonPeerReviewed&rft.format=application%2Fpdf&rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Forgprints.org%2F11093%2F1%2FOrganic_upland_beef_and_sheep_production.pdf&rft.identifier=Frost%2C+David%3B+Jones%2C+Mark%3B+van+Diepen%2C+Pauline+and+Jackson%2C+Andrew+(2007)+Organic+Upland+Beef+and+Sheep+Production.+Organic+Farming+Technical+Guide.+[+Unpublished%2C+]&rft.relation=http%3A%2F%2Forgprints.org%2F11093%2F