?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.title=Possibilities+and+limitations+of+protein+supply+in+organic+poultry+and+pig+production&rft.creator=Sundrum%2C+A&rft.creator=Schneider%2C+K&rft.creator=Richter%2C+U&rft.subject=+Regulation&rft.subject=+Poultry&rft.subject=+Pigs&rft.subject=+Feeding+and+growth&rft.description=It+is+one+of+the+general+recommendations+in+animal+nutrition+that+the+diet+should+be+formulated+according+to+the+specific+requirements+of+animals+at+the+various+stages+of+their+development.+To+which+degree+the+farmer+can+adapt+the+nutrient+supply+to+the+specific+requirements+of+the+animals+depends+primarily+on+the+production+goal+and+on+the+availability+of+nutrient+resources.+This+report+gives+a+general+introduction+to+the+present+situation+for+dietary+protein+supply+to+poultry+and+pig+production+in+relation+to+the+principles+for+organic+agriculture+and+husbandry+production.+Furthermore+it+includes+partly+literature+based+on+research+from+conventional+animal+production%2C+as+the+requirements+on+the+level+of+the+animals+are+not+different+in+both+systems.+Moreover%2C+there+only+few+research+projects+of+organic+production+systems+available.%0D%0A%0D%0AThis+report+is+primarily+focussing+on+the+question+whether+a+nutrient+supply+of+100%25+organic+feed+can+and+should+be+realised.+In+this+context%2C+it+is+not+possible+to+cover+all+aspects+in+detail+as+the+report+cannot+replace+a+textbook.+The+main+emphasis+is+laid+on+a+coherent+argumentation+based+on+the+leading+ideas+of+organic+agriculture.+Concerning+further+relevant+aspects+it+is+referred+to+the+report+%C3%A2%C2%80%C2%9DSupply+and+demand+for+concentrated+organic+feed+in+the+EU+in+2002+and+2003%C3%A2%C2%80%C2%9D+by+Susanne+Padel+as+part+of+the+same+EU-project%3A+%C3%A2%C2%80%C2%98Research+to+support+the+EU-regulation+on+Organic+Agriculture%C3%A2%C2%80%C2%99+(www.organic-revision.org)+and+to+the+project+%C3%A2%C2%80%C2%9CAvailability+of+organically+reared+livestock%C3%A2%C2%80%C2%9D+(S.+Gomez%2C+JRC%2C+Institute+for+Prospective+Technological+Studies%2C+this+study+is+expected+to+be+completed+in+November+2005).%0D%0A%0D%0AIn+conventional+animal+production%2C+a+nutrient+supply+that+is+closely+related+to+the+requirements+is+an+important+tool+in+the+performance-oriented+production+(FLACHOWSKY%2C+1998).+The+objective+of+animal+nutrition+is+to+adapt+the+nutrient+supply+as+accurately+as+possible+to+the+requirements+resulting+from+maintenance+and+performance+need.+Soybean+meal%2C+due+to+the+high+protein+content+and+high+protein+quality%2C+has+developed+into+the+most+important+protein+source+in+the+nutrition+of+monogastric+animals.+Additionally%2C+synthetic+amino+acids+(DL-methionine)+and+industrial+amino+acids+(produced+from+microbial+fermentation%2C+L-amino+acids)+are+used+to+balance+the+supply+of+essential+amino+acids.%0D%0A%0D%0AWhile+the+use+of+soybean+meal+and+synthetic+amino+acids+is+normal+practice+in+conventional+animal+production%2C+the+Council-Regulation+No.+2092%2F91%2C+amended+by+Council+Regulation+No.+1804%2F99+on+organic+livestock+production+bans+the+use+of+chemically+extracted+soybean+meal+and+synthetic+amino+acids+on+organic+farms+as+livestock+must+be+fed+primarily+on+organically+produced+feedstuffs+(Annex+1%2C+paragraph+4.2).+By+way+of+a+derogation+from+paragraph+4.2%2C+for+a+transitional+period+expiring+on+24+August+2005%2C+the+use+of+a+limited+proportion+of+non-organic+feedstuffs+is+authorised+where+farmers+can+show+to+the+satisfaction+of+the+inspection+body+that+they+are+unable+to+obtain+feed+exclusively+from+organic+production+(paragraph+4.8).+The+derogation%2C+although+with+a+declining+percentage+of+non-organic+feedstuffs+over+the+next+years%2C+has+been+prolonged+in+July+2005.%0D%0A%0D%0AThe+preferable+use+of+home-grown+feedstuffs+and+limitations+in+the+choice+of+boughtin%0D%0Afeedstuffs+can+be+the+cause+of+considerable+variation+in+the+composition+of+the+diets%2C+and+considerably+restrict+the+possibilities+for+the+adaptation+of+the+feed+ration+to+the+specific+requirements.+Due+to+the+limited+availability+of+essential+amino+acids+in+particular%2C+there+is+concern+that+nutritional+imbalances+encountered+in+practice+might+lead+to+deteriorating+animal+health+and+welfare.+On+the+other+hand%2C+there+is+also+the+concern+that+allowing+conventional+feedstuffs+to+be+fed+in+organic+livestock+production+will+result+in+intensification+of+production.+The+intensification+might+cause+the+same+problems+in+organic+production+as+conventional+production+already+shows+(animal+health+problems%2C+risk+of+residues+and+GM+contamination+etc.).+Thus%2C+the+use+of+non-organic+feedstuffs+may+have+a+damaging+effect+on+consumer+confidence+in+organic+products+of+animal+origin.%0D%0A%0D%0AIn+the+following+the+nutritional-physiological+effects+of+a+variation+in+protein+supply+with+respect+to+growth+performance+and+protein+accretion+in+broilers%2C+turkeys%2C+laying+hens%2C+and+pigs+are+examined+by+means+of+a+literature+review.+Additionally%2C+the+potential+effects+of+the+protein+content+in+the+diet+on+product+quality%2C+animal+health+and+environmental+damage+are+addressed.%0D%0A%0D%0AIt+is+the+aim+of+the+report+to+provide+an+overview+of+the+many+different+aspects+of+the+protein+supply+in+organic+poultry+and+pig+production.+Many+different+aspects+are+taken+into+account+to+elaborate+possibilities+to+handle+the+use+of+organic+and+non-organic+feedstuffs+with+respect+to+the+objectives+and+framework+conditions+of+organic+livestock+production.+However%2C+due+to+the+complex+interactions+not+all+aspects+can+be+covered.+There+is+room+and+need+for+explanation+and+for+further+research.&rft.date=2005-08&rft.type=Report&rft.type=NonPeerReviewed&rft.format=application%2Fpdf&rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Forgprints.org%2F10983%2F1%2FFinal_Report_EC_Revision.pdf&rft.identifier=Sundrum%2C+A%3B+Schneider%2C+K+and+Richter%2C+U+(2005)+Possibilities+and+limitations+of+protein+supply+in+organic+poultry+and+pig+production.+Final+Project+Report+EEC+2092%2F91+(Organic)+Revision%2C+D+4.1+(Part+1).&rft.relation=http%3A%2F%2Forgprints.org%2F10983%2F