?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.title=UK+and+EU+policy+for+approval+of+pesticides+suitable+for+organic+systems%3A+Implications+for+Wales&rft.creator=Bradshaw%2C+N+J&rft.creator=Stopes%2C+C+J&rft.creator=Little%2C+A+J&rft.creator=Hitchings%2C+R&rft.creator=Buffin%2C+D&rft.subject=Crop+health%2C+quality%2C+protection&rft.subject=+Values%2C+standards+and+certification&rft.description=This+study+was+commissioned+by+the+Welsh+Assembly+Government+(WAG)+to+review+the+pesticide+approval+system+in+the+UK+and+Europe+as+far+as+it+affects+the+use+of+substances+and+techniques+for+crop+protection+by+organic+producers+in+Wales.++WAG+considers+it+important+that+the+UK+pesticide+approval+system+does+not+present+unnecessary+barriers+to+the+development+of+organic+production+in+Wales.%0D%0A%0D%0AKey+Recommendations+and+scope+for+further+work%0D%0A%C3%82%C2%B7++WAG+should+work+with+the+Pesticides+Safety+Directorate+to+ensure+that+the+development+of+pesticide+regulatory+policy+at+both+National+and+European+level+takes+full+account+of+the+needs+of+both+conventional+and+organic+agriculture+and+horticulture+in+the+UK.%0D%0A%C3%82%C2%B7++There+is+scope+for+WAG+to+support+the+development+of+a+National+Pesticide+Policy+so+that+regulatory+and+commercial+barriers+impeding+the+development+of+organic+pesticides+are+minimised.+Not+only+could+greater+availability+of+%C3%A2%C2%80%C2%98organic+pesticides%C3%A2%C2%80%C2%99+have+a+significant+impact+on+organic+production+in+Wales+but+there+could+be+important+implications+for+conventional+horticulture+systems+and+the+use+of+alternatives+to+conventional+pesticides.%0D%0A%C3%82%C2%B7++One+important+regulatory+barrier+to+the+registration+of+%C3%A2%C2%80%C2%98organic+pesticides%C3%A2%C2%80%C2%99+is+the+MRL+requirement(s)+for+their+approval+and+this+needs+to+be+resolved.+Suitable+analytical+techniques+are+required+to+determine+firstly+whether+these+substances+result+in+residues%2C+and+secondly+to+identify+the+breakdown+and+residue+pathways.+So+far%2C+this+issue+has+not+received+the+attention+of+any+EU+Member+State.%0D%0A%C3%82%C2%B7++According+to+the+proposed+framework+for+the+4th+Stage+Review+of+EU+Pesticides+Directive+91%2F414%2C+notifiers+are+required+to+produce+a+dossier%2C+at+their+own+expense%2C+covering+characterisation%2C+human+toxicity%2C+ecotoxicity+efficacy+and+other+relevant+data.+The+Review+includes+specific+provision+for+companies+notifying+the+same+substance+to+submit+a+shared+dossier.+This+will+help+those+businesses+(many+of+which+are+relatively+small+companies)+to+save+on+the+high+cost+of+producing+the+dossiers.+It+will+also+aid+the+Commission+since+it+will+reduce+the+number+of+dossiers+that+have+to+be+considered%2C+and+ensure+that+all+the+available+data+is+included.+WAG+should+encourage+and+support+the+production+of+collective+dossiers%3B+although+as+yet+there+is+no+indication+of+how+this+will+be+done+in+practice%2C+and+further+details+from+the+Commission+are+awaited.%0D%0A%C3%82%C2%B7++This+study+has+concluded+that+access+to+a+wider+range+of+%C3%A2%C2%80%C2%98organically+acceptable+pesticides%C3%A2%C2%80%C2%99+would+not+have+a+dramatic+impact+on+organic+production+in+Wales.+However%2C+in+developing+an+integrated+organic+policy%2C+WAG+should+continue+to+address+the+pesticides++issue.+Some+of+the+methods+of+pest+%26+disease+control+in+organic+systems+are+either+physical+or+multi-cellular+e.g.+micro-organisms+used+as+biocontrol+agents.+WAG+agri+environment+policy+may+provide+a+vehicle+to+promote+these+techniques+much+more+actively.+Further%2C+it+is+important+to+recognise+that+while+Wales+alone+is+too+small+to+have+a+major+impact+on+commercial+and+regulatory+pressures%2C+WAG+can+have+an+impact+by+working+pro-actively+with+others+to+make+progress.%0D%0A%C3%82%C2%B7++There+are+no+published+EU+or+national+Member+State+criteria+that+can+be+used+to+evaluate+the+acceptability+of+pesticide+substances+for+organic+production.+Identifying+such+criteria+and+promoting+their+acceptance+at+EU+level+and+nationally+would+allow+more+active+substances+to+be+made+available.+WAG+should+work+with+PSD+and+others+to+identify+appropriate+criteria.%0D%0A%C3%82%C2%B7++The+specific+provisions+of+Article+7+in+Annex+2(b)+of+the+Organic+Regulation+(2092%2F91)+place+potential+barriers+to+the+adoption+of+organically+acceptable+substances+for+crop+protection.+There+are+a+number+of+potentially+useful+substances+currently+not+included+in+the+Organic+Regulation+e.g.+potassium+bicarbonate.+WAG+should+work+with+PSD+and+others+to+identify+such+substances+and+support+the+production+of+appropriate+dossiers.+WAG+could+also+encourage+further+dialogue+between+the+organic+sector+and+Defra+to+identify+amendments+in+the+Organic+Regulations+to+facilitate+the+inclusion+of+new+pesticides.%0D%0A%C3%82%C2%B7++Organic+pest+and+disease+management+is+not+just+a+question+of+inputs+but+it+also+relies+crucially+on+advice+and+extension+through+initiatives+such+as+Farming+Connect+and+the+work+of+Organic+Centre+Wales.+Long-term+commitment+to+supporting+on+going+advice+and+extension+activities+is+vital+to+promote+and+disseminate+best+practice+in+Welsh+agriculture+and+horticulture.%0D%0A%C3%82%C2%B7++Organic+horticulture%2C+vegetable+and+fruit+production+systems+are+particularly+sensitive+to+pest+and+disease+management.+Successful+control+of+pests%2C+diseases+(and+weeds)+in+these+sectors+can+be+critical+to+the+business%2C+and+is+not+assured+even+when+all+husbandry+and+management+methods+have+been+effectively+applied.+Consequently%2C+the+use+of+organically+acceptable+crop+protection+methods+resulting+from+future+developments+(e.g.+biopesticides%2C+biological+control+agents)+could+have+an+important+role+in+pest+and+disease+management+in+these+sectors.+Both+organic+and+conventional+producers+in+Wales+could+benefit+from+having+these+options+available+to+them+and+WAG+could+encourage+the+adoption+of+these+approaches+through+appropriate+Technology+Transfer+activities.%0D%0A%C3%82%C2%B7++The+way+in+which+such+substances+will+be+regulated+at+a+European+level+in+future+is+evolving+as+the+review+of+the+Pesticide+Directive+91%2F414+EEC+enters+the+4th+Stage.+This+stage+of+the+review+includes+(amongst+others)+those+substances+permitted+for+use+in+organic+production.+The+guidance+documents+for+the+evaluation+of+applications+on+plant+protection+products+made+from+plants+or+plant+extracts+and+from+chemical+substances+are+currently+at+the+draft+stage.+The+response+of+the+Pesticide+Safety+Directorate+and+Defra+to+these+developments+is+not+yet+clear+but+this+provides+an+excellent+opportunity+for+WAG+to+have+an+input+at+an+early+stage+in+the+review+process.&rft.date=2004-03&rft.type=Report&rft.type=NonPeerReviewed&rft.format=application%2Fpdf&rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Forgprints.org%2F10841%2F1%2Fpesticideregulation.pdf&rft.identifier=Bradshaw%2C+N+J%3B+Stopes%2C+C+J%3B+Little%2C+A+J%3B+Hitchings%2C+R+and+Buffin%2C+D+(2004)+UK+and+EU+policy+for+approval+of+pesticides+suitable+for+organic+systems%3A+Implications+for+Wales.&rft.relation=http%3A%2F%2Forgprints.org%2F10841%2F