?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.title=The+K-trial.+A+33-years+study+of+the+connections+between+manuring%2C+soils+and+crops&rft.creator=Kjellenberg%2C+Lars&rft.creator=Granstedt%2C+Artur&rft.subject=Crop+health%2C+quality%2C+protection&rft.subject=+Soil+biology&rft.subject=+Soil+quality&rft.subject=+Composting+and+manuring&rft.description=In+1958+started+a+comparative+fertilization+trial%2C+called+the+K-trial%2C+within+the+frames+of+Scandinavian+Research+Circle+for+Biodynamic+Agriculture.+The+trial+ended+in+1990.+This+report+accounts+for+the+results+that+have+been+collected+over+this+33-year+long+trial-period.+%0D%0AThe+ambition+with+the+trial+was+to+develop+methods+of+analyses+that+could+indicate+foodstuff+quality.+The+long-term+trial-period+also+brought+along%2C+a+possibility+to+study+the+correlation+of+fertilization%2C+soil+and+crop.+%0D%0AThe+difference+between+a+cultivation+that+uses+organic+fertilizer+compared+to+one+that+uses+mineral+fertilizer+and+where+both+achieves+comparable+yield-levels+can+according+to+the+results+from+the+K-trial+be+summarized+as%3A%0D%0A%0D%0ASoil%09%09%0D%0A-+higher+enzyme-activity%2C+soil+respiration+and+occurrence+of+earthworms%0D%0A-+more+deep+going+soil+processes%0D%0A-+considerably+higher+nitrogen-mineralising+capability%0D%0A-+better+soil-fertility%0D%0ACrop%09%0D%0A-+better+storage+efficiency+and+resistance+against+decomposition%0D%0A-+higher+grade+of+maturity%0D%0A-+higher+amount+of+leguminous+plants+in+the+clover%2Fgrass+ley%0D%0A%0D%0AThe+results+from+the+K-trial+in+this+report%2C+has+been+compared+to+the+results+from+two+%C3%A2%C2%80%C2%9Ddaughter-trials%C3%A2%C2%80%C2%9D.+In+these+trials+two+different+systems+was+compared%2C+biodynamic+agriculture+and+conventional+agriculture.+The+effects+of+these+different+fertilizing-systems+on+the+quality+in+products+in+the+K-trial+corresponded+with+the+results+from+the+daughter-trials.+In+comparison+with+the+conventional+methods%2C+the+crude+protein+content+was+lower+in+the+organic+variants%2C+but+the+quality+in+the+protein+was+higher+in+potatoes+and+wheat.+Resistance+against+decomposition+and+storage-quality+for+potatoes%2C+was+higher+in+the+organic+variants+and+the+same+applied+to+the+starch-quality+in+wheat.+The+organic+fertilisation+resulted+in+a+higher+fertility+in+soil+and+crops%2C+with+higher+quality+in+protein+and+starch.+%0D%0A%0D%0AThe+differences+were+more+difficult+to+determine+between+de+variant+that+was+fertilized+with+compost+and+the+ones+that+received+raw+farmyard+manure%2C+partly+because+the+compost+was+also+treated+with+the+biodynamic+compost-preparations.+Somewhat+simplified%2C+the+differences+consisted+in+the+fresh+farm-yard+manure+more+strongly+did+stimulate+the+vegetative+processes+and+the+metabolism+in+soil+and+crop%2C+while+the+compost+more+strongly+contributed+to+building+up+the+soil+structure+and+the+form+of+the+crop.+%0D%0A%0D%0AThe+biodynamic+field-preparations+effects+could+be+determined+as+a+positive+effect+on+the+yield+in+all+crops%2C+except+the+first+harvest+of+clover%2Fgrass+ley.+The+effect+of+the+preparations+on+yield+was+largest+during+the+years+when+yield-level+was+low.+Field-preparation+effects+were+also+apparent+in+the+more+deep-going+soil+processes%2C+and+in+higher+amount-amount+in+the+clover%2Fgrass+ley.+This+calculated+supply+of+nitrogen+by+this+higher+amount+of+amount+plants+amounted+to+approx.+16+kg+N+per+hectare+and+year.+%0D%0A%0D%0AThe+results+from+the+K-trial+indicate+the+demand+of+a+discussion+on+issues+concerning+food-stuff-quality.+In+this+report+a+few+aspects+on+the+concept+of+quality+has+been+treated.+%0D%0AFurthermore%2C+formulated+is+also+a+frame+of+a+few+possible+future+research-fields+connected+to+the+issue+of+quality.&rft.date=2005&rft.type=Report&rft.type=NonPeerReviewed&rft.format=application%2Fpdf&rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Forgprints.org%2F10765%2F1%2FK-trial.pdf&rft.identifier=Kjellenberg%2C+Lars+and+Granstedt%2C+Artur+(2005)+The+K-trial.+A+33-years+study+of+the+connections+between+manuring%2C+soils+and+crops.&rft.relation=http%3A%2F%2Forgprints.org%2F10765%2F