?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.title=Dioxins+in+organic+eggs%3A+a+review&rft.creator=Marion%2C+de+Vries&rft.creator=Rene%2C+Kwakkel&rft.creator=Aize%2C+Kijlstra&rft.subject=+Food+security%2C+food+quality+and+human+health&rft.subject=+Poultry&rft.description=Eggs+contribute+for+about+4%25+to+the+daily+dioxin+intake+of+humans.+Research+among+layer+farms+in+the+Netherlands+and+other+EU+countries+has+shown+that+organic+eggs+contain+more+dioxin+than+conventional+ones+and+that+a+significant+number+of+organic+farms+produce+eggs+with+a+dioxin+content+that+exceeds+the+EU+standard.+The+hens%C3%A2%C2%80%C2%99+intake+of+dioxins+from+various+sources+leads+to+an+increase+in+the+dioxin+content+of+organic+eggs.+These+sources+include+plants%2C+feed%2C+soil%2C+worms+and+insects%2C+and+compared+with+hens+on+conventional+and+free-range+farms%2C+organic+hens+make+more+use+of+these+sources+due+to+better+access+to+the+outdoor+run.+Plants+appear+to+be+relatively+unimportant+as+a+source+of+dioxins.+Also+commercial+organic+feed+generally+has+very+low+dioxin+contents%2C+but+not+much+is+known+about+non-commercial+feed.+Consumption+of+worms+and+insects+and+particularly+ingestion+of+soil+are+important+causes+of+high+dioxin+levels+in+eggs.+Management+interventions%2C+like+a+reduction+of+the+time+the+hens+spend+outside%2C+may+decrease+the+dioxin+levels+in+organic+eggs+but+at+the+same+time+may+interfere+with+the+image+of+the+organic+production+system.&rft.publisher=KLV&rft.contributor=Jan%2C+Wienk&rft.contributor=Paul%2C+Struik&rft.date=2006-12&rft.type=Journal+paper&rft.type=NonPeerReviewed&rft.format=application%2Fpdf&rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Forgprints.org%2F10175%2F1%2FNJAS_54-2_207-222.pdf&rft.identifier=Marion%2C+de+Vries%3B+Rene%2C+Kwakkel+and+Aize%2C+Kijlstra+(2006)+Dioxins+in+organic+eggs%3A+a+review.+NJAS+Wageningen+Journal+of+Life+Sciences%2C+54+(2)%2C+pp.+207-222.&rft.relation=http%3A%2F%2Forgprints.org%2F10175%2F