Direct sowing with green manure (OK-Net Arable Practice Abstract)

{Tool} Direct sowing with green manure (OK-Net Arable Practice Abstract). [Директна сеитба със зелено торене.] Creator(s): Apostolov, Stoylko; Kirov, P. and Tihov, N.. Issuing Organisation(s): Bioselena - Foundation for organic agriculture, IFOAM Organics Europe. OK-Net Arable Practice Abstract, no. 023. (2018)

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Document available online at: https://orgprints.org/32605/

Summary

Practical recommendations: After harvesting the main crop (cereals or rape), perform the stubble cultivation in August. Sow the wheat‐legume mixture – winter forage peas and wheat (triticale) – by mid‐October. At the end of May, grind the cover crop (mixture) with a roller crimper, then sow the corn with a direct sowing machine (drill). The mulch lying on the soil surface should dry before sowing. The mulch reduces mineralization, so it might be better to use nitrogen fertilizer in the row.

Summary translation

Резултат
- В началото растенията при директната сеитба имаха по-добро развитие. Но посева бе неизравнен (някои от растенията бяха във фаза 2-4 лист, други преминавали 8-ми лист). Мулчът задържа изпарението на влага.
- При контролното поле в повърхностния почвен слой нямаше налична влага. Растенията са с леко завехнали и завити листа. Броят и растежът на растения е равномерен(фаза 3-4 лист).
- Получените добиви (в свежа маса) са доста под очакваните. Добивът в контролното поле е по-висок:
- контролно поле - 14,450 кг(от 0,6 ха), среден добив 24 083 кг/ха
- тестово поле - 15,200 кг(от 0,7 ха), среден добив 21 714 кг/ха
Практически препоръки
- след прибиране на реколтата от предшественика(зърнени култури или рапица), през август направете обработка на стърнището
- посейте житно-бобовата смеска - зимуващ фуражен грах и пшеница (тритикале), до средата на октомври
- В края на май намачкайте смеската с цилиндров валяк- нож, след което засейте царевицата с почистващи устройства. Смеската, лежаща върху почвата, трябва да бъде добре изсушена преди сеитба
- Мулчът намалява минерализацията, затова направете фокусирано (насочено) в редовете азотно торене

EPrint Type:	Practice tool
What problem does the tool address?:	The traditional cultivation of maize is accompanied by numerous mechanical cultivations and the application of herbicides. It leads to soil compaction, has a negative impact on the environment and worsens growing conditions for the following crops.
What solution does the tool offer?:	Maize is a crop that can establish well in a no‐till system without compromising soil quality. Trials outside of Bulgaria have shown that rolling of the previous crop can be a successful method to create a mulch suitable for drilling. Pea and cereal mixtures are commonly used because they cover the soil well and tend not to regrow. The yields obtained elsewhere are, in some cases, equivalent to traditional ploughing methods and subsequent treatments. We tested the technology in two farms at two precursors (mixed crop of peas/wheat and wheat only). In the same plot, there were two fields: test with direct sowing and control with traditional sowing. To evaluate the effectiveness of the technique, the key factors – crop development, weed establishment and soil composition (moisture content, structure, activity of worms) – were measured in both plots. At the end of the period, the harvested yield was measured in the test and control field. Results are from the experience of one farm (Ivan Danchev) as crop establishment was not successful in the second farm. Initially, directly sown plants showed better establishment. However, growth was uneven (some of the plants were in 2‐ to 4‐leaf stage; others passed the 8‐leaf stage). This may be because the mulch prevented evaporation of moisture. There was no moisture in the surface soil layer of the control field. The plants were, therefore, slightly withered and had curved leaves. The number and growth of plants was even (3‐4‐leaf stage). The yields (in fresh mass) are well below expectations. The yield in the control field is higher: Control field: 14450 kg (from 0.6 ha), average yield: 24083 kg/ha. Test field: 15200 kg (from 0.7 ha), average yield: 21714 kg/ha.
Country:	Bulgaria
Type of Practice Tool:	Practice abstracts
Theme:	Soil quality and fertility, Crop specific
Keywords:	cereal crop, direct sowing, green manure, soil cultivation, soil fertility, soil structure
Keywords:	cereal crop, direct sowing, green manure, soil cultivation, soil fertility, soil structure, arable farming, tillage, soil quality, cropping systems
Agrovoc keywords:	Language Value URI English soil structure http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7196 English soil fertility http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7170 English tillage http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7771 English green manures http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3375 English direct sowing http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_25803 English cereal crops http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_25512 English soil quality http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_a9645d28 English crops http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1972 English cropping systems http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1971 English arable farming http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_36528
Subjects:	Crop husbandry > Production systems Crop husbandry > Production systems > Cereals, pulses and oilseeds Crop husbandry > Soil tillage Soil
Research affiliation:	European Union > Horizon 2020 > OK-Net Arable > OK-Net-Arable Tools Bulgaria > Bioselena European Union > Horizon 2020 > OK-Net Arable International Organizations > International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements IFOAM > IFOAM EU Group
Horizon Europe or H2020 Grant Agreement Number:	652654
Related Links:	https://organic-farmknowledge.org/tool/32605
Project ID:	ofk
Deposited By:	Basler, Andreas
ID Code:	32605
Deposited On:	01 Feb 2018 13:12
Last Modified:	26 Jul 2022 18:41
Document Language:	English, Bulgarian/български
Status:	Published

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